CN105044704B - The spaceborne laser transmitter integrated test system for performance of high accuracy - Google Patents

The spaceborne laser transmitter integrated test system for performance of high accuracy Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105044704B
CN105044704B CN201510441626.0A CN201510441626A CN105044704B CN 105044704 B CN105044704 B CN 105044704B CN 201510441626 A CN201510441626 A CN 201510441626A CN 105044704 B CN105044704 B CN 105044704B
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wedge
laser
shaped mirrors
test
mirror
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CN105044704A (en
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蒙裴贝
颜凡江
王春辉
李旭
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Beijing Institute of Space Research Mechanical and Electricity
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Beijing Institute of Space Research Mechanical and Electricity
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/497Means for monitoring or calibrating

Abstract

The present invention realizes the high-precision calibration of He Ne light normal incidence reference mirrors using off-axis paraboloidal mirror and CCD, the relative orientation information of laser transmitter optical axis and He Ne light optical axises is obtained simultaneously, draw laser transmitter optical axis, exclude influence of the environmental perturbation to sensing jitter test, simultaneously attenuator is substituted using the wedge-shaped mirrors of 3 ° of the angle of wedge, avoid introducing beam aberration and aberration, improve the precision of laser transmitter spatial domain performance test;Off-axis paraboloidal mirror and wedge-shaped mirrors the meeting coalescence decay laser used using spatial domain performance test, homogenized using integrating sphere after light intensity, it is connected through optical fiber with energy meter, it is to avoid environmental perturbation, the influence that energy meter photosurface is uneven and temperature rise is to energy test, improves energy test precision;Laser after integrating sphere is homogenized by optical fiber is connected with waving map unit and frequency domain test unit respectively, it is to avoid reflected light and interference of the veiling glare to time domain and frequency domain test, time domain, frequency domain performance test precision is improved, while test process is simple.

Description

The spaceborne laser transmitter integrated test system for performance of high accuracy
Technical field
The present invention relates to space flight optics active remote sensing device optical measuring technique, particularly a kind of spaceborne Laser emission of high accuracy Machine integrated test system for performance.
Background technology
As the organic part of satellite-bone laser radar, satellite borne laser emitter is debugged except ground, in addition it is also necessary to carried out Environmental test.The combination property of satellite borne laser emitter, including energy, time domain performance (repetition rate and pulse width), frequency domain (laser beam divergence, far-field energy distribution, optical axis sensing and sensing are trembled for performance (centre wavelength and spectral width) and spatial domain performance It is dynamic) effective measurement be product evaluation basis, laser transmitter is successfully developed significant.In combination property, The measurement of energy has formed national standard, i.e., using energy meter direct measurement, but for big beam sizes (hundred millimeter magnitudes), big Energy, the satellite borne laser emitter of high-peak power output, effective detection bore of energy meter tend not to directly cover its light Beam bore, and photosurface easily introduces test error because long-time produces heating by light beam irradiation, while the response of photosurface The temperature of inhomogeneities and external environment can produce influence to test, thus how the energy of high-acruracy survey laser transmitter It is a problem for needing to overcome.The test of time domain performance and frequency domain performance has also formed national standard.For time domain performance, adopt Tested with photodetector and oscillograph, but multiple reflections light or the scattering of laser are easily detected during this method test Broadening generally occurs for light, multiple reflections light and scattering waveform, can influence measuring accuracy and the degree of accuracy;For frequency domain performance, adopt Tested with spectrometer, but this method requires that luminous energy efficient coupling enters spectrometer, and structure is relative complex.Therefore, it is how simple Change structure, it is to avoid the interference of multiple reflections light and veiling glare, the degree of accuracy for improving time domain and frequency domain test is also to need what is solved Problem.In the test of spatial domain performance in addition to optical axis is pointed to, the test of other specification has national standard, generally uses CCD methods Coordinate focus lamp method, but because CCD sensitivity is high, saturation light intensity is low, it is necessary to which the light intensity that decays, conventional attenuation device has absorption-type Attenuator and part plane of reflection mirror.But satellite borne laser emitter outgoing beam bore is larger, bigbore attenuator or part Plane of reflection mirror easily introduces aberration because the uneven and surface depth of parallelism is low, if utilizing part plane of reflection specular reflectance characteristics Decay, is also easy to produce ghost image and introduces error, therefore how to realize that tested light beam aberrationless decay turns into the measurement process of spatial domain one Difficult point.The measurement of shake is pointed to and pointed to for optical axis, but conventional method of testing has collimator method, laser printing paper method, heat Target etc. is responded, method of testing is ripe.But due to the disturbance of environment, test error, the especially test to pointing to shake can be introduced, The shake that shake refers to optical axis in laser transmitter running is pointed to, if laser transmitter mounting plane or optical system for testing are present Shake will necessarily then influence test result, and how accurate effectively record optical axis direction turns into a big difficult point with shake is pointed to.Therefore, Need a kind of debugged in laboratory and the spaceborne laser transmitter combination property survey of environmental test stage applicable high accuracy badly Test system.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is:There is provided a kind of high accuracy spaceborne laser transmitter performance synthesis test system Unite, the precision for overcoming the testing scheme of combination property in the prior art to satellite borne laser emitter to exist is low, error is big not Foot part.
The technical scheme is that:
A kind of spaceborne laser transmitter integrated test system for performance of high accuracy, including:Reference mirror, is arranged on laser transmitter On;Wedge-shaped mirrors one, the measured laser that reflection laser emitter is sent;Wedge-shaped mirrors two, reflect and swash through the tested of the reflection of wedge-shaped mirrors one Light;Off-axis paraboloidal mirror, reflects the measured laser reflected through wedge-shaped mirrors two;Wedge-shaped mirrors three, transmit and reflect anti-through off-axis paraboloidal mirror The measured laser penetrated;CCD camera, receives the part measured laser reflected through wedge-shaped mirrors three;Integrating sphere, receives saturating through wedge-shaped mirrors three The part measured laser penetrated;Test equipment, optical fiber connection integrating sphere tests the performance ginseng of the integrated homogenized measured laser of ball Number;Computer, connecting test equipment and CCD camera, the data message that analysis and test device is collected;He-Ne lasers, transmitting He-Ne laser;Half-reflecting half mirror, receives He-Ne laser and is divided into two parts:A part of reflected light is irradiated to through wedge-shaped mirrors one In reference mirror, pass through wedge-shaped mirrors one, wedge-shaped mirrors two, off-axis paraboloidal mirror and wedge-shaped mirrors three jointly through reference mirror reflection and measured laser Reflection, is irradiated in the CCD camera placed on focal plane;Another part transmitted light reflects by speculum, incides wedge-shaped mirrors On one, it is imaged after the reflection of wedge-shaped mirrors two, off-axis paraboloidal mirror and wedge-shaped mirrors three in CCD camera.
Further, the angle of wedge of wedge-shaped mirrors is 3 °.
Further, test equipment include be connected with integrating sphere optical fiber laser energy meter, photodetector, spectrometer with And the oscillograph being connected with photodetector;Laser energy meter, oscillograph, spectrometer and computer are connected by signal cable.
Further, the two beam He-Ne laser hot spot weights in CCD camera for being incident to off-axis paraboloidal mirror are caused by regulation Close.
Further, the He-Ne laser of He-Ne lasers transmitting, incides half-reflecting half mirror after beam expanding lens, anti-by half Pellicle mirror is divided into two parts.
Further, the line on the basis of He-Ne laser emitting light, wedge-shaped mirrors one, wedge-shaped mirrors two and wedge-shaped mirrors three and base Directrix is in -15 ° of angles, and off-axis paraboloidal mirror optical axis direction and CCD camera photosurface normal direction are parallel with datum line, half-reflection and half-transmission Mirror and speculum are with datum line in -45 ° of angles.The advantage of the present invention compared with prior art is:
(1) high-precision calibration of the present invention by off-axis paraboloidal mirror and CCD realizations to He-Ne light normal incidence reference mirrors, together When obtain the relative orientation information of laser transmitter optical axis and He-Ne light optical axis (reference mirror normal direction), draw Laser emission Machine optical axis, because laser and He-Ne light are optical system shared, can exclude influence of the environmental perturbation to sensing jitter test, carry High measuring accuracy.
(2) present invention substitutes attenuator using the wedge-shaped mirrors of 3 ° of the angle of wedge, it is to avoid beam aberration and aberration are introduced, so as to improve The precision of laser transmitter spatial domain performance test.
(3) present invention tests the off-axis paraboloidal mirror used and wedge-shaped mirrors meeting coalescence decay laser using spatial domain, using integration Ball is homogenized after light intensity, is connected through optical fiber with energy meter, it is to avoid uneven and temperature rise pair the energy of environmental perturbation, energy meter photosurface Test influence, improves measuring accuracy.
(4) laser after the present invention is homogenized integrating sphere by optical fiber is respectively at waving map unit and frequency domain test unit Connection, it is to avoid reflected light and interference of the veiling glare to time domain and frequency domain test, improves measuring accuracy, while test process is simple.
(5) it is can also be applied to the debugging of spaceborne laser laboratory and the performance test in environmental test stage.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows the satellite borne laser emitter comprehensive performance testing system schematic diagram of the present invention
Fig. 2 shows the energy loss calibration principle schematic of the present invention
Embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of comprehensive suitable for laboratory debugging and the high-precision laser emitter in environmental test stage Can test system.The system homogenizes light intensity using integrating sphere, then through optical fiber and energy meter, waving map unit and frequency domain test list Member connection, carries out energy, time domain performance and frequency domain performance test;Using He-Ne light, reference mirror, wedge-shaped mirrors, off-axis paraboloidal mirror and CCD carries out spatial domain performance test, draws light beam and points to, the test error that disturbance cancelling and beam Propagation are introduced with attenuation process.
The test error introduced for environmental perturbation and dampening measures, influences spatial domain performance measuring accuracy, skill of the invention Art solution is:
(1) reference mirror is placed on laser transmitter, two beams are obtained by 45 ° of half-reflecting half mirrors and multigroup 45 ° of total reflective mirrors Parallel He-Ne light, wherein a branch of be incident to reference mirror, the He-Ne light of another Shu Zeyu reference mirrors reflection is jointly by test Each optical element reflection of system, is imaged on the CCD of off-axis paraboloidal mirror focal plane, based on direction identical light by throwing off axis The principle that object lens are overlapped on focal plane, by adjusting test system base so that the direction of two-beam is consistent, i.e. He-Ne light Normal incidence is to reference mirror, and He-Ne light optical axis is consistent with reference mirror normal direction.
(2) laser transmitter works, and each optical element according to test He-Ne light and laser Jing Guo test system reflects, The facula position relation being imaged on the CCD of off-axis paraboloidal mirror focal plane, obtains He-Ne light optical axis and laser transmitter optical axis Relative orientation information, you can draw the position relationship of laser beam axis and reference mirror normal direction, draws laser beam axis.
(3) because reference mirror is arranged on laser transmitter, it is believed that share mounting surface, and the He-Ne of reference mirror reflection Light and measured laser are optical system shared, so as to be shaken according to the sensing of He-Ne light shake amendment optics shake and environment To the error of laser transmitter optical axis and sensing jitter test, improve optical axis and point to the precision of jitter test.
(4) attenuator is substituted with the wedge-shaped mirrors of 3 ° of the angle of wedge, makes incident light with certain incident angles, utilize wedge-shaped mirrors two Surface ensures reflected light without ghost image into 3 °, and reflectivity is less than 10%, realizes that aberrationless decays, reduces test error, improves Measuring accuracy.
It is limited and heavy caliber beam energy can not be tested for energy meter photosurface bore, and environmental perturbation, energy meter Photosurface temperature rise introduces test error with inequality, influences the weak point of energy test precision, technology solution party of the invention Case is:
(1) laser beam bore is compressed using off-axis paraboloidal mirror;
(2) light distribution after the wedge-shaped mirrors decay of 3 ° of the angle of wedge is homogenized by integrating sphere, it is to avoid peak light intensity is too high, The temperature rise of energy meter photosurface is caused to introduce test error;
(3) integrating sphere is connected with energy meter by optical fiber, reduces photosurface inhomogeneities and environmental perturbation influence, improve Measuring accuracy;
(4) energy loss demarcation is carried out to off-axis paraboloidal mirror and wedge-shaped mirrors, according to the energy loss modified energy meter of demarcation Test value.
For multiple reflections light and scattering optical pulse broadening, easily into photodetector, domain performance testing precision during influence, And veiling glare enters spectrometer, the weak point of frequency domain performance test precision is influenceed, technical solution of the invention is:
(1) the homogenized laser of integrating sphere is drawn by optical fiber, directly (including photodetector and shown with waving map unit Ripple device) connection, it is to avoid multiple reflections light and scattered light are introduced, reduces environmental perturbation influence, improves measuring accuracy.
(2) the homogenized laser of integrating sphere is drawn by optical fiber, be connected with frequency domain test unit (including spectrometer), it is to avoid miscellaneous The influence of astigmatism, improves measuring accuracy, while simplifying structure.
Satellite borne laser emitter comprehensive performance testing system is as shown in Figure 1.It includes reference mirror 1, computer 2, signal wire The wedge-shaped mirrors 1 and wedge-shaped mirrors 26 of 3 ° of the fixed placement angle of wedge, off-axis paraboloidal mirror 7, the wedge that 3 ° of the angle of wedge on cable 3, base 4, base 4 Shape mirror 38, CCD camera 9, integrating sphere 10, laser energy meter 11, photodetector 12, oscillograph 13, spectrometer 14, optical fiber 15, He-Ne lasers 16,17,45 ° of half-reflecting half mirrors 18 of beam expanding lens, three pieces of 45 ° of total reflective mirrors 19,20 and 21.After being expanded with He-Ne light On the basis of exit direction, three pieces of wedge-shaped mirrors 5,6 and 8 reflective surface normals are therewith in -15 ° of angles, the optical axis side of off-axis paraboloidal mirror 7 To parallel with it with the photosurface normal direction of CCD camera 9, half-reflecting half mirror 18 and speculum 19,21 surface normals therewith in- 45 °, the surface normal of speculum 20 is in 45 ° therewith.
The spaceborne laser transmitter integrated test system for performance of high accuracy of the present invention, reference mirror 1 is arranged on laser transmitter On 22, laser transmitter 22 sends measured laser, and wedge-shaped mirrors 1 are set in the light path of measured laser, is reflected through wedge-shaped mirrors 1 Measured laser reaches wedge-shaped mirrors 26 afterwards, and measured laser reaches off-axis paraboloidal mirror 7 after being reflected through wedge-shaped mirrors 26, through off-axis paraboloidal mirror Wedge-shaped mirrors 38 are reached after 7 reflections, a part of measured laser enters integrating sphere 10 through wedge-shaped mirrors 38, and another part is through wedge-shaped mirrors 38 are reflected into CCD camera 9;Integrating sphere 10 is connected by optical fiber 15 with laser energy meter 11, photodetector 12, spectrometer 14 Connect, photodetector 12 is connected with oscillograph 13, CCD camera 9, laser energy meter 11, oscillograph 13, spectrometer 14 pass through signal Cable 3 is connected with computer 2, and test signal is transmitted to computer 2 and handled.Meanwhile, the transmitting of He-Ne lasers 16 He-Ne swashs Light, incides half-reflecting half mirror 18 after beam expanding lens 17, and a part of reflected light is irradiated in reference mirror 1 through wedge-shaped mirrors 1, warp The He-Ne light that reference mirror 1 reflects passes through wedge-shaped mirrors 1 and wedge-shaped mirrors 26, off-axis paraboloidal mirror 7 and wedge shape jointly with measured laser Mirror 38 reflects, and is irradiated in the CCD camera 9 placed on focal plane;Another part transmitted light is by three pieces of speculums 19,20,21 Reflection, is incided on wedge-shaped mirrors 1, is also passed through after wedge-shaped mirrors 26, off-axis paraboloidal mirror 7 and wedge-shaped mirrors 38 reflect in CCD phases It is imaged on machine 9.
The energy loss calibration of wedge-shaped mirrors 5,6,8 and off-axis paraboloidal mirror 7 is completed during system building, principle schematic is shown in figure 2.During calibration in addition to satellite borne laser emitter comprehensive performance testing system, in addition it is also necessary to laser 23 and energy meter 24. Laser 23 is placed in appropriate position, due to not being related to optical axis and spatial domain performance test, it is only necessary to make the laser of the outgoing of laser 23 Integrating sphere 10 can be efficiently entering.Using the laser primary power of the test position of energy meter 24 1., then using integrating sphere 10 The energy tested with reference to energy meter 11 after the transmission of wedge-shaped mirrors 1, wedge-shaped mirrors 26, off-axis paraboloidal mirror 7 and wedge-shaped mirrors 38, with The energy divided by primary power obtain their energy loss.
Complete after energy loss calibration, integrated test system embodiment is as follows:
(1) the reference for installation mirror 1 on laser transmitter 22, the He-Ne light that He-Ne lasers 16 are sent passes through beam expanding lens 17 After collimation, incide on half-reflecting half mirror 18, a portion reflected light is irradiated in reference mirror 1 through wedge-shaped mirrors 1, through base The He-Ne light that quasi- mirror 1 reflects reflects by wedge-shaped mirrors 1, wedge-shaped mirrors 26, off-axis paraboloidal mirror 7 and wedge-shaped mirrors 38, is irradiated to Jiao In the CCD camera 9 placed in plane;Remaining transmitted light reflects by speculum 19~21, incides on wedge-shaped mirrors 1, together Sample is imaged after the reflection of wedge-shaped mirrors 26, off-axis paraboloidal mirror 7 and wedge-shaped mirrors 38 in CCD camera 9.Made by adjusting base 4 The two-beam of off-axis paraboloidal mirror 7 hot spot in CCD camera 9 must be incident to overlap.When hot spot is overlapped, according to off-axis paraboloidal mirror into As principle understands that two beam incident lights are parallel to each other, i.e., reflect the He-Ne light turned back with reflected mirror 19,20 and 21 through reference mirror 1 Parallel, it can be seen from reflection law, He-Ne light normal incidence to reference mirror 1, i.e. He-Ne light directions are put down with the normal direction of reference mirror 1 OK.
(2) laser transmitting laser beam, the light beam passes through wedge-shaped mirrors 1 and wedge with the He-Ne light reflected through reference mirror 1 Shape mirror 26, off-axis paraboloidal mirror 7 and wedge-shaped mirrors 38 reflect, and are irradiated on focal plane and place in CCD camera 9, record two hot spots Position, if laser facula is beyond CCD photosensitive region, readjust reference mirror 1 or base 4 so that He-Ne light just enters Reference mirror is incident upon, and laser facula enters CCD photosensitive region.It is tested by the beam analysis software on computer 2 The far field space distribution of laser and He-Ne light, the angle of divergence, circularity, point to jitter parameter and the barycenter relative position of two hot spots. According to the relative position of two facula mass centers and the focal length of off-axis paraboloidal mirror 7, laser beam axis can be obtained with respect to He-Ne light light The azimuth information of axle, the i.e. normal of reference mirror 1, is pointed to so as to draw laser transmitter optical axis by reference mirror.Due to He-Ne light With laser transmitter shoot laser is optical system shared and mounting surface, the sensing shake of He-Ne light is that optical mount is introduced Optics shake and environment shake to optical axis and point to the influence of jitter test, shaken and carried out with this sensing to laser transmitter Amendment, i.e., obtain laser with the focal length of the barycenter relative position change of laser transmitter laser and He-Ne light and off-axis paraboloidal mirror 7 The sensing shake of emitter.
(3) after laser reflects through wedge-shaped mirrors 1, wedge-shaped mirrors 26 and off-axis paraboloidal mirror 7, light intensity is decayed, then injects wedge During shape mirror 38, most of light enters the optical fiber of passage 1 after integrating sphere 10, light uniformization by integrating sphere 10 through wedge-shaped mirrors 38 The testing laser energy of energy meter 11 is coupled into, the waving map unit (He of photodetector 12 is entered by the fiber coupling of passage 2 Oscillograph 13) testing laser time domain performance, including pulse width and repetition rate, surveyed by the fiber coupling of passage 3 into frequency domain Try unit (spectrometer 14) testing laser frequency domain performance, including centre wavelength and spectral width.Energy meter, waving map unit and Frequency domain test unit is connected by signal cable 3 with computer 2, can on computers be read and be stored test result.Root According to the energy loss calibration result of wedge-shaped mirrors and off-axis paraboloidal mirror, energy test value is modified.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of spaceborne laser transmitter integrated test system for performance of high accuracy, it is characterised in that including:
Reference mirror (1), is arranged on laser transmitter (22);
Wedge-shaped mirrors one (5), the measured laser that reflection laser emitter (22) is sent;
Wedge-shaped mirrors two (6), reflect the measured laser reflected through wedge-shaped mirrors one (5);
Off-axis paraboloidal mirror (7), reflects the measured laser reflected through wedge-shaped mirrors two (6);
Wedge-shaped mirrors three (8), transmit and reflect the measured laser reflected through off-axis paraboloidal mirror (7);
CCD camera (9), receives the part measured laser reflected through wedge-shaped mirrors three (8);
Integrating sphere (10), receives the part measured laser transmitted through wedge-shaped mirrors three (8);
Test equipment, optical fiber connection integrating sphere (10) tests the performance parameter of the homogenized measured laser of integrated ball (10);
Computer (2), connecting test equipment and CCD camera (9), analyze the data letter that the test equipment and CCD (9) are collected Breath;
He-Ne lasers (16), launch He-Ne laser;
Half-reflecting half mirror (18), receives the He-Ne laser and is divided into two parts:A part of reflected light passes through wedge-shaped mirrors one (5) Be irradiated in reference mirror (1), through reference mirror (1) reflection with measured laser jointly by wedge-shaped mirrors one (5), wedge-shaped mirrors two (6), from Axle parabolic lens (7) and wedge-shaped mirrors three (8) reflection, are irradiated in the CCD camera (9) placed on focal plane;Another part transmitted light Reflect, incided on wedge-shaped mirrors one (5) by speculum, by wedge-shaped mirrors two (6), off-axis paraboloidal mirror (7) and wedge-shaped mirrors three (8) It is imaged after reflection in CCD camera (9).
2. the spaceborne laser transmitter integrated test system for performance of high accuracy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that wedge shape The angle of wedge of mirror is 3 °.
3. the spaceborne laser transmitter integrated test system for performance of high accuracy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Test equipment include be connected with integrating sphere optical fiber laser energy meter (11), photodetector (12), spectrometer (14) and with The oscillograph (13) of photodetector (12) connection;Laser energy meter (11), oscillograph (13), spectrometer (14) and computer (2) connected by signal cable.
4. the spaceborne laser transmitter integrated test system for performance of high accuracy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that pass through Regulation causes the two beam He-Ne laser for being incident to off-axis paraboloidal mirror (7) hot spot in CCD camera (9) to overlap.
5. the spaceborne laser transmitter integrated test system for performance of high accuracy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that He- The He-Ne laser of Ne lasers (16) transmitting, incides half-reflecting half mirror (18), by half-reflecting half mirror after beam expanding lens (17) (18) it is divided into two parts.
6. the spaceborne laser transmitter integrated test system for performance of high accuracy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that with Line on the basis of He-Ne laser emitting light, wedge-shaped mirrors one (5), wedge-shaped mirrors two (6) and wedge-shaped mirrors three (8) are in -15 ° with datum line Angle, off-axis paraboloidal mirror (7) optical axis direction and CCD camera (9) photosurface normal direction are parallel with datum line, half-reflecting half mirror (18) and speculum (19), (21) and datum line are in -45 ° of angles, speculum (20) is with datum line in 45 ° of angles.
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CN108226943B (en) * 2017-12-25 2020-02-14 北京空间机电研究所 Laser pointing recording device of satellite-borne laser range finder
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