CN104957031A - Biological pollination method and application of biological pollination method to planting wild jujube trees in saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Biological pollination method and application of biological pollination method to planting wild jujube trees in saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN104957031A CN104957031A CN201510345874.5A CN201510345874A CN104957031A CN 104957031 A CN104957031 A CN 104957031A CN 201510345874 A CN201510345874 A CN 201510345874A CN 104957031 A CN104957031 A CN 104957031A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention provides a biological pollination method and application of the biological pollination method to planting wild jujube trees in saline-alkali soil. The biological pollination method includes arranging bee cocoons; building artificial honeycombs; arranging the honeycombs; breeding bee swarms; spraying wall bee attractants; releasing bees and withdrawing the honeycombs. The spray quantities of the sprayed wall bee attractants are 2.8L per mu in each procedure. The wall bee attractants comprise, by weight, 7-8 parts of benzyl alcohol, 10-12 parts of veratric acid, 4-6 parts of lavender extracting liquor, 10-12 parts of gamma-nonalactone, 4-6 parts of maltose, 3-5 parts of gardenia extracting liquor and 7-8 parts of clover blossom extracting liquor. The biological pollination method and the application have the advantages that the wild jujube trees can be pollinated by the aid of the wall bee attractants, and the bee attracting quantities are 0.921-0.968 per square meter in wild jujube tree planting areas in pollution periods; the pollination rates of the wild jujube trees can reach 92.0-94.2%; the fruit-setting ratios of the wild jujube trees can reach 89.8-92.3%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to pollination technique field, relate to a kind of method of biology pollination, be specifically related to a kind of biological pollinating method and the application in the saline land plantation of wild jujube tree thereof.
Background technology
Wall honeybee is top when visiting flower and adopts formula, namely when queen bee arrives in flower by plane, directly drop on the androecium of flower, head-bent stretches to the side of flower stamen, and insert portion fickle in love with fistula and draw nectar, venter is close to androecium simultaneously, with in, metapedes pedals brokenly pollen sac, make mature pollen grain burst out immediately, make belly wool brush rapid melon brush stamen by abdominal exercise, constantly collect and carry a thick layer of pollen.
The morphological feature of wall honeybee and flower visiting habit, make the upper collected pollen of the pollen collector official of wall honeybee just be easy to pass on the pistil stigma of another strain fruit tree flower, this flower obtained fully.According to people such as Tian Taisheng before Japanese scholars, the flower visiting habit of Osmia cornifrons being observed, when thinking that wall honeybee visits flower, making self-contained pollen be 100% with visiting the flower column cap contact rate spent.
In prior art, the biology pollination case having many employing wall honeybees to pollinate, but there is following defect and deficiency in prior art: little to the honeybee amount of drawing of wall honeybee, pollination rate is not high, and cause percentage of fertile fruit low, per mu yield is little.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above deficiency, a kind of biological pollinating method and the application in the saline land plantation of wild jujube tree thereof be provided, realize following goal of the invention:
(1) adopt pollinating method of the present invention, significantly improve pollination period growing area and draw honeybee amount; The honeybee amount of drawing in wild jujube tree planting district rises to 0.921-0.968 Zhi/㎡;
(2) adopt pollinating method of the present invention, significantly improve pollination rate, wild jujube tree pollination rate is increased to 92.0-94.2%;
(3) adopt wall honeybee attractant of the present invention pollination, significantly improve percentage of fertile fruit, sour fruit setting rate of date trees is increased to 89.8-92.3%;
(4) adopt wall honeybee attractant of the present invention pollination, wild jujube per mu yield is increased to 460-500kg/ mu.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, by the following technical solutions:
A kind of biological pollinating method, comprises and puts into honeybee cocoon, builds artificial honeycomb, settles honeycomb, cultivates bee colony, spraying wall honeybee attractant, put honeybee and withdraw from step.
Below the further improvement to technique scheme:
Described spraying wall honeybee attractant: each spray amount is 2.8L every mu.
Described wall honeybee attractant comprises the component of following weight portion: benzylalcohol 7-8 part, veratric acid 10-12 part, lavender extract 4-6 part, third nonalactone 10-12 part, maltose 4-6 part, gardenia extract 3-5 part, honeysuckle extract 7-8 part.
Described wall honeybee attractant comprises the component of following weight portion: benzylalcohol 7 parts, veratric acid 11 parts, lavender extract 5 parts, third nonalactone 11 parts, maltose 5 parts, gardenia extract 4 parts, honeysuckle extract 7 parts.
Described puts into honeybee cocoon: honeybee cocoon is placed on nest pipe, and often pipe puts 1 honeybee cocoon.
Described nest bore 6-10 millimeter, long 15-17 centimetre.
Described arrangement honeycomb: every 667 square metres of placement honeycomb numbers are 8-9.
Described cultivation bee colony: the adult honeybee that each honeycomb is applicable to pollinating accounts for the 70-76% of bee colony.
The application of biological pollinating method in the saline land plantation of wild jujube tree, described application comprises plantation field and selects: the growing area of selection is saline land, and before plantation, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields soil conditioner 300kg; The component of described soil conditioner comprise poly-dicarboxylic acids glycol ester class 4-6 part, charcoal 9-10 part, desulfurated plaster 9-10 part, diatomite 18-20 part, water-loss reducer 15-18 part, ironic citrate 7-8 part, urea aldehyde-sulfonated humic acid 12-13 part, Grain Production of Amaranthus powder 7-9 part, addicted to salt Plasmodium nueleophilum 0.2g/kg.
Described application also comprises management, and described management comprises irrigation: the mode of employing salt water, fresh water rotation flow is irrigated, and rotation flow number of times is than being 1:3.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following beneficial effect:
(1) adopt wall honeybee attractant of the present invention pollination, significantly improve growing area and draw honeybee amount; During pollination period, the honeybee amount of drawing in wild jujube tree planting district is 0.921-0.968 Zhi/㎡;
(2) adopt wall honeybee attractant of the present invention pollination, significantly improve pollination rate, wild jujube tree pollination rate reaches 92.0-94.2%;
(3) adopt wall honeybee attractant of the present invention pollination, significantly improve percentage of fertile fruit, sour fruit setting rate of date trees reaches 89.8-92.3%;
(4) adopt wall honeybee attractant of the present invention pollination, commodity fruit rate is increased to 94.8-96.5%, and per mu yield is increased to 460-500kg/ mu, and fruit average diameter is 1.3-1.5cm.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1 one kinds of wall honeybee attractants
Wall honeybee attractant comprises the component of following weight portion:
Benzylalcohol 7 parts, veratric acid 10 parts, lavender extract 4 parts, third nonalactone 10 parts, maltose 4 parts, gardenia extract 3 parts, honeysuckle extract 7 parts.
Preparation method:
(1) lavender extract is prepared
Take the appropriate clean lavender raw material 2500g dried, put into 30L, 95 DEG C of hot water blanching 7min, with tissue mashing machine, the above-mentioned lavender through blanching is carried out smashing into homogenate to pieces, with 300 order filter cloth press filtration homogenate, abandon filter residue, collect filtrate, under the condition of vacuum 0.6-0.7Mpa, carry out suction filtration, collect filtrate.
(2) gardenia extract is prepared
Get fresh gardenia flower, clean, squeeze 7-10min, then use 200 order filter-cloth filterings, discard filter residue in squeezer, collect juice, 5000rpm, 10min are centrifugal obtains supernatant, after 0.45 μm of filtering with microporous membrane, obtains gardenia extract.
(3) honeysuckle extract is prepared
Get vigorous honeysuckle in full bloom, pulverize, put into 60% ethanol, ethanol weight is 10 times of honeysuckle, soaks 12-13 hour, and 80 order gauzes filter, and 8000 rpm are centrifugal, and obtaining supernatant is honeysuckle extract, containing 20% alfalfa saponin.
(4) obtained wall honeybee attractant
Gardenia extract, honeysuckle extract, benzylalcohol, veratric acid, lavender extract, third nonalactone, maltose are mixed by described weight ratio; add agitator to stir; rotating speed 300 rpm; stir 4-8 minute; obtain the mixture of thickness; add the distilled water of mixture 10 times of weight, stir with glass bar, obtained wall honeybee attractant.
Embodiment 2 one kinds of wall honeybee attractants
Wall honeybee attractant comprises the component of following weight portion:
Benzylalcohol 7 parts, veratric acid 11 parts, lavender extract 5 parts, third nonalactone 11 parts, maltose 5 parts, gardenia extract 4 parts, honeysuckle extract 7 parts.
Preparation method: with the preparation method of embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3 one kinds of wall honeybee attractants
Wall honeybee attractant comprises the component of following weight portion:
Benzylalcohol 8 parts, veratric acid 12 parts, lavender extract 6 parts, third nonalactone 12 parts, maltose 6 parts, gardenia extract 5 parts, honeysuckle extract 8 parts.
Preparation method: with the preparation method of embodiment 1.
The application of embodiment 4 one kinds of biological pollinating methods in the saline land plantation of wild jujube tree
Step 1, plantation field are selected
The growing area saline land selected: the pH value of soil is 8.5-8.8, basicity 8-10%, and salt content is 0.5%.
Improve growing area saline land before plantation, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields modifying agent 300kg, ploughs deeply 40cm, waters once permeable.
The component of described soil conditioner comprises: poly-dicarboxylic acids glycol ester class 4-6 part, charcoal 9-10 part, desulfurated plaster 9-10 part, diatomite 18-20 part, water-loss reducer 15-18 part, ironic citrate 7-8 part, urea aldehyde-sulfonated humic acid 12-13 part, Grain Production of Amaranthus powder 7-9 part, addicted to salt Plasmodium nueleophilum 0.2g/kg.
The preparation method of described soil conditioner:
(1) poly-dicarboxylic acids glycol ester class, charcoal, desulfurated plaster, diatomite, water-loss reducer, ironic citrate, urea aldehyde-sulfonated humic acid, Grain Production of Amaranthus powder is taken in above-mentioned mass parts ratio.
(2) by load weighted for step (1) component mixing; First charcoal, desulfurated plaster, diatomite are pulverized, mix; Add poly-dicarboxylic acids glycol ester class, water-loss reducer, ironic citrate, urea aldehyde-sulfonated humic acid again, 200rpm stirs 30min.
(3) bacterium is sprayed; Spray into addicted to salt Plasmodium nueleophilum in the hybrid solid material that step (2) is stirred, Pen Jun limit, limit stirs, and obtains finished product soil conditioner; The bacteria containing amount of finished product soil conditioner is 0.2g/kg.
Step 2, seed selection and cultivation
Cultivation seedling December the previous year, turn over growing area 30cm, rakes, and then by long 20cm, wide 1.3m, furrow are done in north-south, and wide 30cm is respectively built on furrow both sides, the furrow ridge of high 20cm, execute the farmyard manure 5000kg become thoroughly decomposed, superphosphate 40kg every 667 ㎡; Prepare to plant wild jujube sapling spring.
In spring, plant with the root turion seed that life in 2 years is above raw, carried water immediately permeable.The seeding row spacing of plantation is 2 meters × 3 meters.Selected commercial variety is the fresh jujube in Weihe, river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi.
Step 3, management
After plantation, manage with delicacy.Respectively topdress annual spring and autumn 1 time, chase after N, P, K composite fertilizer at every turn, every mu of 40kg.
Irrigate: the mode of employing salt water, fresh water rotation flow is irrigated, rotation flow number of times is than being irrigate once for 1:3, every 10-15 days, and each irrigation volume is 420-500m3/ hectare; The salinity of described fresh water is less than 1g/L, and described salt water salinity is 2.6-3.2g/L, pH is 7.9-8.4, and salt content is 0.08-0.12%, and sodium salt content accounts for the 80-84% of total salt content.
Step 4, pollination in flowering stage
Wild jujube tree planting can be yielded positive results for 3 years.
Flowering stage pollinates: the method adopting wall honeybee supplementary pollination, and concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) honeybee cocoon is put into
Be placed on by honeybee cocoon in nest pipe, often pipe puts 1 honeybee cocoon.Nest pipe is internal diameter 6-10 millimeter, long 15-17 centimetre, the reed pipe of two open ends.
(2) artificial honeycomb is built
Honeycomb is by side Polypropylence Sheet shutoff, and the hollow brick that side opens is made.The nest pipe that 100-110 root puts honeybee cocoon well is put in each honeycomb.
(3) honeycomb is settled
Before blooming 1 week, honeycomb is put into growing area, and honeycomb was placed in the position of overhead 20-40cm.
In first 1 meter of honeycomb, dig the heatable adobe sleeping platform that a diameter is about the dark about 30cm of 50cm, after placing honeycomb, every day pours suitable quantity of water in heatable adobe sleeping platform, ensures that there is wet mud in hole in interior 24 hours.
Place 8-9 honeycomb for every 667 square metres.
(4) bee colony is cultivated
Bloom 3 days time, the adult honeybee that each honeycomb is applicable to pollinating accounts for the 70-76% of bee colony.
(5) spraying wall honeybee attractant
1-2 days before the flowers are in blossom, is sprayed on petal by wall honeybee attractant, after the flowers are in blossom, every other day, and an attractant of spraying.As the rainy day, stop spraying, after rain stops, recover spraying again.Each spray amount is 2.8L every mu.
(6) put honeybee and withdraw from
Every day, bee pollination, after the florescence terminates, withdrew from wall honeybee and honeycomb in time.
Step 5, fruiting period manage
Wild jujube tree enters fruiting period to adopting the last stage, and as strong wind and heavy rain, usually cause jujube, therefore more to result jujube tree, carry out hack lever steady job, strengthens tree body and fixes, reduce the jujube that falls that strong wind causes.Branch lacked to inclined Guan Suanzaoshu or has living space, branch in thorax and water sprout can be pulled out, filling space, adjusting inclined hat, expanding setting fruit position.
Step 6, harvesting
When plucking jujube fruit, gently pluck and put down gently, reduce wound, in order to avoid germ intrusion causes mildew and rot.To preparing to carry out the wild jujube of preservation and freshness, can suitably shift to an earlier date, white ripe later stage to full jujube have about 1/3 rubescent time pluck.
control group:adopt the implantation methods of embodiment 4, only change step 4 and to pollinate flowering stage step, the spraying wall honeybee attractant in carry out step 4, carries out plantation thornbuss and tests.
experimental group:adopt the implantation methods of embodiment 4, adopt the wall honeybee attractant of embodiment 1-3, carry out the experiment of plantation thornbuss.
Experimental result is in table 1:
The experimental result of table 1 control group and experimental group
From table 1, embodiment 2 is preferred embodiment.
Adopt wall honeybee attractant of the present invention to pollinate, the honeybee amount of drawing in wild jujube tree planting district is larger, pollination evenly, completely, significantly improve the pollination rate of thornbuss, percentage of fertile fruit, improve fruit average diameter and per mu yield, improve the quality of fruit, commodity fruit rate is higher.
After adopting the implantation methods of embodiment 4 plantation wild jujube to set 1 year, detect growing area soil, growing area soil structure improves, and the pH value of soil is 7.2-7.4, basicity 4-5%, and salt content is 0.2%.Between planting season, wild jujube tree well-grown.
Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a biological pollinating method, is characterized in that: described biological pollinating method comprises to be put into honeybee cocoon, build artificial honeycomb, settle honeycomb, cultivates bee colony, spraying wall honeybee attractant, put honeybee and withdraw from.
2. the biological pollinating method of one according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described spraying wall honeybee attractant: each spray amount is 2.8L every mu.
3. the biological pollinating method of one according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described wall honeybee attractant comprises the component of following weight portion: benzylalcohol 7-8 part, veratric acid 10-12 part, lavender extract 4-6 part, third nonalactone 10-12 part, maltose 4-6 part, gardenia extract 3-5 part, honeysuckle extract 7-8 part.
4. the biological pollinating method of one according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described wall honeybee attractant comprises the component of following weight portion: benzylalcohol 7 parts, veratric acid 11 parts, lavender extract 5 parts, third nonalactone 11 parts, maltose 5 parts, gardenia extract 4 parts, honeysuckle extract 7 parts.
5. the biological pollinating method of one according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described puts into honeybee cocoon: honeybee cocoon is placed on nest pipe, and often pipe puts 1 honeybee cocoon.
6. the biological pollinating method of one according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described nest bore 6-10 millimeter, long 15-17 centimetre.
7. the biological pollinating method of one according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described arrangement honeycomb: every 667 square metres of placement honeycomb numbers are 8-9.
8. the biological pollinating method of one according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described cultivation bee colony: the adult honeybee that each honeycomb is applicable to pollinating accounts for the 70-76% of bee colony.
9. the application of biological pollinating method in the saline land plantation of wild jujube tree, is characterized in that: described application comprises plantation field and selects: the growing area of selection is saline land, and before plantation, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields soil conditioner 300kg; The component of described soil conditioner comprise poly-dicarboxylic acids glycol ester class 4-6 part, charcoal 9-10 part, desulfurated plaster 9-10 part, diatomite 18-20 part, water-loss reducer 15-18 part, ironic citrate 7-8 part, urea aldehyde-sulfonated humic acid 12-13 part, Grain Production of Amaranthus powder 7-9 part, addicted to salt Plasmodium nueleophilum 0.2g/kg.
10. the application of a kind of biological pollinating method according to claim 9 in the saline land plantation of wild jujube tree, it is characterized in that: described application also comprises management, described management comprises irrigation: the mode of employing salt water, fresh water rotation flow is irrigated, and rotation flow number of times is than being 1:3.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN105175194A (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2015-12-23 | 石河子大学 | Wet-process desulfurized waste saline-alkaline soil biological improvement fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN106386327A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-15 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Method for planting ziziphus jujuba in saline-alkali land |
| CN108243772A (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2018-07-06 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of arid-desert area jujube saline-alkali tolerant stock screening technique |
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Application publication date: 20151007 |