CN103039356A - Year-round strawberry hybridizing and breeding method - Google Patents
Year-round strawberry hybridizing and breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103039356A CN103039356A CN2013100189589A CN201310018958A CN103039356A CN 103039356 A CN103039356 A CN 103039356A CN 2013100189589 A CN2013100189589 A CN 2013100189589A CN 201310018958 A CN201310018958 A CN 201310018958A CN 103039356 A CN103039356 A CN 103039356A
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Abstract
The invention relates to plant propagation, and in particular relates to a year-round strawberry hybridizing and breeding method which comprises the following step of: taking fragaria orientalis and rupee strawberry test tube seedlings as test materials. A regulating and controlling method for male sterile line of the rupee strawberry is as follows: selecting a plurality of runner tips of the rupee strawberry test tube seedling, controlling the temperature at 10-13 DEG C, controlling illuminating hour as 4-5h.d<-1>, and processing for 16-25 days, to promote the rupee strawberry to generate the male sterile line; and a method for preparing fragaria orientalis pollen mother liquid comprises the following steps of: setting volume of distilled water mixing liquid of 5.2g of fragaria orientalis pollen and boric acid, 150g of sucrose, 12.5mg of calcium chloride dihydrate and 36g of polyethylene glycol 4000 to 1L, and using the distilled water mixing liquid as mother liquid for further, wherein the pollen accounts for 8-12g; diluting mother liquid by distilled water; and keeping for 6 hours at 18-22 DEG C, uniformly shaking, spraying on the rupee strawberry male sterile line, and collecting seeds and planting after the rupee strawberry fruits are mature.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plant propagation, i.e. a kind of perpetual strawberry selection cross novel method.
Background technology
In the prior art, China's Strawberry industry development is very fast, constantly breed and introduce new kind, although these strawberry cultivars respectively have difference, but common shortcoming be one season kind, only concentrate listing in annual mid-January (greenhouse culture) to season early summer, be the vacancy phase in strawberry market the end of month mid-July to 12.The economic benefit of strawberry production at first depends on kind, and perpetual strawberry can result of many seasons, can satisfy the market demand in dull season, as seen, and seed selection and to introduce a fine variety the perpetual strawberry kind particularly important.
At present more about the report of strawberry cultivars seed selection, but few about the breeding research report of perpetual strawberry.The east strawberry (
Fragaria orientalisLosina-Losinsk.) be rose family Fragaria herbaceos perennial, be society and be distributed in the habitats such as the meadow of Changbai Mountain height above sea level 800 ~ 1200 m and sylvan life, its Fruit is less, be aubergine, sweet and sour after the maturation, fragrance is arranged, fruit shape for spherical or avette, output is extremely low, but the east strawberry has extremely strong cold resistance, drought resistance and resistance against diseases, is the good wild germplasm resource of Strwberry Breeding.Rupee strawberry (Ruby strawberry) is external perpetual strawberry kind, and the short wedge shape of fruit is dark Chinese red, glossy, pulp is harder, anti-transportation, output is higher, but cold-resistant, drought and the ability such as disease-resistant are relatively poor, and a rupee strawberry is subject to freeze injury at high and cold regional cultures such as northern China.There are maternal castration complexity, artificial pollination poor operability in the Strwberry Breeding process, produce shortcoming and the difficult points such as pure hybrid seed quantity is few.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to provide for above-mentioned deficiency a kind of and sterile strain occur fast as female parent by strawberry, and with paternal pollen make pollen liquid simple and direct, convenient, be hybridized to power height, the pure a kind of perpetual strawberry selection cross method of crossbreed.
Technical solution of the present invention is: a kind of perpetual strawberry selection cross method, and its step is as follows:
(1) take east strawberry and rupee strawberry test-tube plantlet as the examination material.
(2) regulate and control method of rupee strawberry male sterile plant generation:
Select the some strains of stolon seedling of rupee strawberry test-tube plantlet, it is 4～5 hd that temperature is controlled at 10～13 ℃, lighting delay number
-1After processing 16～25 d, impel rupee strawberry to produce male sterile plants, after male sterile plant forms, keep normal, the full and larger one-level bud of form and carry out flower thinning, every strain is preserved 4～5 buds for pollination.
(3) preparation of east strawberry pollen liquid mother liquor:
The east strawberry is cultivated in advance, kept normal, the full and larger one-level bud of form and carry out flower thinning, bud is opened the same day, and pollen sac, pollen tube are together taken off, and puts into distilled water and suspends, and collects pollen; With the pollen collected and boric acid 5.2 g, sucrose 150 g, calcium chloride dihydrate 12.5 mg, Macrogol 4000 (PEG4000) 36 g(impel pollen fully to disperse) the distilled water mixed liquor to be settled to 1 L for subsequent use as mother liquor, guarantee that wherein pollen amount is 8-12g, pH6.0～7.0.
(4) preparation of east strawberry pollen spray liquid and use: the 1L mother liquor is become 3 L with distilled water diluting, under 18～22 ℃ of conditions of temperature, placed 6 hours, shake and all spray afterwards a rupee male sterile plant, after rupee strawberry fruit maturation, must plant, cultivate.In the step (4), spray and refer to spray 1 time every 3～6 h, spray altogether 3 times, last spray for 1 time sprays 1 a large amount of clear water behind pollen liquid 6 h and gets final product so that flush away is residual on plant.
Based on the pluses and minuses of two kinds, take the east strawberry as male parent, the rupee strawberry is the maternal strong perpetual strawberry new varieties of hybridization technique seed selection high grade producing comprehensive resistance ability of taking.
Advantage of the present invention is: the present invention utilizes necessary temperature in the Strawberry Growth process, the factors such as illumination, take maternal rupee strawberry as research object, impel a rupee strawberry male sterile plant to occur by factors such as change temperature and illumination and (comprise the sky pollen sac, pollen abortion and staminody etc.), and cultivation male parent east strawberry acquisition high-quality pollen prepares high activity pollen spray liquid under adapt circumstance, thereby having solved maternal pollen participates in, the paternal pollen pollination not exclusively, hybrid seed purity is low, the acquisition seed amount is few, obtain the problems such as the little and complicated operation of high-quality hybrid offspring probability, to reach quick, the simple and direct final goal of finishing selection cross new varieties strawberry.
Below in conjunction with embodiment embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail.
Embodiment
A kind of perpetual strawberry selection cross method:
1 materials and methods
1.1 material
Take east strawberry and rupee strawberry test-tube plantlet (being provided by biology department of Tonghua Teachers College Plant Tissue Breeding laboratory) for trying material.
1.2 method
1.2.1 the regulate and control method that rupee strawberry male sterile plant occurs
End of August is selected stolon seedling 3600 strains of robust growth, rupee strawberry test-tube plantlet of uniform size.By regulating temperature (15～20 ℃), lighting delay number (5～10 hd
-1), intensity of illumination (500～1000 lx) and process fate (12～45 d) and impel rupee strawberry to produce a male sterile plants, for fast and improve the incidence of sterile strain, adopt the Uniform Design method test, select U
12(12
4) evenly show, each processes 100 strain Strawberry Seedlings, repeats 3 times, and optimum temperature, lighting delay number, intensity of illumination and the processing fate of impact rupee strawberry male sterile plant generation determined in screening.Male sterile plant incidence=(male sterile plant number/100) * 100%.After male sterile plant forms, keep normal, the full and larger one-level bud of form and carry out flower thinning, every strain is preserved 4～5 buds for pollination.
1.2.2 preparation and the use of east strawberry pollen liquid mother liquor, spray liquid
The east strawberry is cultivated in advance in the garden that fertile soil, temp. and humidity suit, after flower bud differentiation, inflorescence pumping, kept normal, the full and larger one-level bud of form and carry out flower thinning, 6 buds are preserved in every strain.Bud is opened the same day (fully not open), after with tweezers pollen sac being exposed pollen sac is together taken off together with the long pollen tube of 0.3 cm, the distilled water of putting into the triangular flask of 100 mL suspends, after reaching taken amount, triangular flask is sealed and places (20 ℃ of the temperature of shaken cultivation on the constant-temperature table with tinfoil, revolution 120 rpm) behind 1～2 h, this moment, pollen sac was almost all opened, pollen is suspended in water surface, behind the impurity such as filtering pollen sac with pollen and boric acid 5.2 g, sucrose 150 g, calcium chloride dihydrate 12.5 mg, Macrogol 4000 (PEG4000) 36 g, with distilled water above composition being settled to 1 L as mother liquor (guaranteeing that pollen is about 10 g) for subsequent use, keeps in Dark Place under 2～5 ℃ of conditions in pH6.0～7.0, storage life is 1～2 d, preferably now joins first and uses.
Spray liquid preparation and use: the 1L mother liquor is become 3 L with distilled water diluting, under 18～22 ℃ of conditions of temperature, place 6 hours (raising Pollen Activity), shake again in the homemade sprayer of all packing into afterwards and spray immediately a rupee male sterile plant, spray 1 time every 3～6 h, spray 3 times, last spray for 1 time sprays 1 a large amount of clear water behind pollen liquid 6 h and gets final product so that flush away is residual on plant.7～10 d can determine according to fruit setting ratio, fruit surface seed expansion situation the usefulness of pollen liquid.
1.2.3 the application in the seed selection of new varieties strawberry
Until rupee strawberry fruit maturation and after becoming peony, strawberry is taken, seed is washed out with clear water, place the ventilation to reach 60% mass dryness fraction, be placed into after mixing with the thin river sand of 2 times of amounts in 1～4 ℃ the refrigerator-freezer and take out and can directly disseminate on the seedbed behind refrigeration 30 d, covering is become thoroughly decomposed and is treated seed germination behind the pine needle.
When height of seedling reached 3～5 cm after hybrid seed was sprouted, be colonizated on the furrow of garden, mid or late August, get the stolon seedling and carry out type of production and be colonizated in the greenhouse, carry out about 7 d beginning growth after 5 ℃ the dormancy, note water and fertilizer management and the extermination of disease and insect pest.Observe the characteristics such as plant characteristic, fruit shape, therefrom select the merit kind fast numerous and distinguish the examination cultivation, further determine genetic stability, botany characteristic, fruit properties, resistance, cultivation mode and the adaptation zone etc. of kind.
2 results and analysis
2.1 the impact that temperature, lighting delay number, intensity of illumination and processing time occur the strain of rupee strawberry Male abortion
Table 1
The U of the principal element that impact rupee strawberry male sterile plant occurs
12(12
4) experimental scheme and result
Can get regression equation after data (table 1) are processed by analysis is
Y=150-2.57
X 1-2.70
X 2-0.00875
X 4 2, significance
α=0.05, multiple correlation coefficient
R=0.9518, residual standard deviation
S=2.7900, test value
F t =25.66 ﹥ critical values
F (0.05,3,8)=4.066, the regression equation significance.Temperature, lighting delay number and processing time make a difference significantly to rupee strawberry male sterile plant, and intensity of illumination is not remarkable to making a difference of rupee strawberry male sterile plant.The contribution margin that accounting temperature, lighting delay number and processing time occur rupee strawberry male sterile plant and contribution rate as can be known,
U 1=182,
U 1/
U=30.4%;
U 2=201,
U 2/
U=33.5%;
U 4=328,
U 4/
U=7.40%, illustrate that 3 factors to the contribution that rupee strawberry male sterile plant occurs sequentially are: lighting delay number〉temperature〉processing time, Yin Wendu, lighting delay number and processing time all are negative correlation with rupee strawberry male sterile plant incidence again.In addition, by returning contribution rate as can be known, the impact that temperature and lighting delay number occured rupee strawberry male sterile plant much larger than the processing time, temperature and lighting delay number ground contribution gap are not remarkable, can judge that rupee strawberry male sterile is the light temp.-sensitive type, though the contribution in processing time is little, the processing time is played indispensable effect equally in rupee strawberry male sterile plant generating process.Infer that thus temperature, lighting delay number and processing time are lower than respectively 15 ℃, 5 hd
-1With 12 d, rupee strawberry male sterile plant incidence may be higher.For verifying this supposition, according to the Strawberry Growth characteristic, again take temperature as 15,14,13,12,11,10,9,8,7,6 and 5 ℃, lighting delay number is 5,4.5,4,3.5 and 3 hd
-1, the processing time is the demonstration test that 12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4 and 3 d have carried out 11 levels, repeats 3 times.Found that temperature is that 10～13 ℃, lighting delay number are 4～5 hd
-1When being 16～25 d with the processing time, rupee strawberry male sterile plant incidence is the highest, all reaches 100%, and all the male sterile plant incidence than listed 12 processing of table 1 is high.
Therefore, according to method among the 1.2.1, behind the rupee cultivated strawberry, it is 4～5 hd that temperature is controlled at 10～13 ℃, lighting delay number
-1After processing 16～25 d, the male sterile phenomenon all appears in the rupee strawberry, mostly shows as the open rear staminody of bud, and minority is that pollen tube shortens the pollen sac atrophy.
2.2 perpetual strawberry breeding of new variety
According to method among 1.2.1,1.2.2 and the 1.2.3, the present invention obtains 1 of perpetual strawberry new varieties (pending), and its breediness is as follows:
Botanical character: these new varieties are perennial herb, and high about 23.00～27.00 ㎝, blade are closely oval, and the blade face is dark green, floral white.
The agrobiology characteristic: the fruit taper, mean fruit weight 22.30g, maximum single fruit weight 48.70 g, fruit is red.Soluble solid 10.06%, Vitamin C content 0.549 g/kg, total reducing sugar 5.96%, titratable acid 0.62%, hardness 1.82 kgcm
-2Pericarp is harder, and pulp is red; Sweet sour meta-acid has milk fragrance.
Phenophase: produce in the Eastern Area of Jilin Province, china greenhouse culture, the mid or late August field planting, flower at the beginning of mid-November, mid or late December berry ripe.Bloom to fruit maturation need about 28～35 days, be early-maturing variety.
Yield traits: but 667 square metres every mu field planting 8000～10000 strains, and the accumulation of greenhouse culture output can reach more than 3500～4000 kg.
The cultivation main points: it is fertile should to select that the soil is porous, soil neutral or subacidity, and irrigation and drainage make things convenient for and draughty plot Jian Yuan.The mid or late August field planting, line-spacing 30 cm, spacing in the rows 20 cm, high 35～45 cm in ridge.Execute well-rotted farmyard manure 4～5 kg for every mu, composite fertilizer 120 kg puddle evenly as base fertilizer and 20～30 cm soil layers.Initial bloom stage begins to spray in per 10 days 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5～7 times, to improve percentage of fertile fruit.Will constantly extract stolon and Huang Ye vegetative period.The extermination of disease and insect pest is selected biological control.
Resistance: this kind has extremely strong mildew-resistance, gray mold ability.Two spotted spider mite and the aphid incidence of disease are lighter, and in advance biological control can be exempted.Cold-resistant medium with drought-resistant ability.
Adaptation zone: can produce in the greenhouse culture of strawberry main producing region, Jilin Province.
Major advantage: the hardness of fruit is larger, storage tolerance.Yielding ability is good, and milk is light, sweet and sour taste.The mildew-resistance ability is strong.
Claims (2)
1. perpetual strawberry selection cross method, its step is as follows:
(1) take east strawberry and rupee strawberry test-tube plantlet as the examination material;
(2) regulate and control method of rupee strawberry male sterile plant generation:
Select the some strains of stolon seedling of rupee strawberry test-tube plantlet, it is 4～5 hd that temperature is controlled at 10～13 ℃, lighting delay number
-1After processing 16～25 d, impel rupee strawberry to produce male sterile plants, after male sterile plant forms, keep normal, the full and larger one-level bud of form and carry out flower thinning, every strain is preserved 4～5 buds for pollination;
(3) preparation of east strawberry pollen liquid mother liquor:
The east strawberry is cultivated in advance, kept normal, the full and larger one-level bud of form and carry out flower thinning, bud is opened the same day, and pollen sac, pollen tube are together taken off, and puts into distilled water and suspends, and collects pollen; With the pollen collected and boric acid 5.2 g, sucrose 150 g, calcium chloride dihydrate 12.5 mg, Macrogol 4000
It is for subsequent use as mother liquor that the distilled water mixed liquor of 36 g is settled to 1 L, guarantees that wherein pollen amount is 8-12g, pH6.0～7.0;
(4) preparation of east strawberry pollen spray liquid and use: the 1L mother liquor is become 3 L with distilled water diluting, under 18～22 ℃ of conditions of temperature, placed 6 hours, shake and all spray afterwards a rupee male sterile plant, after rupee strawberry fruit maturation, must plant, cultivate.
2. according to perpetual strawberry selection cross method claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that in the step (4), spray and refer to spray 1 time every 3～6 h, spray altogether 3 times, last spray for 1 time sprays 1 a large amount of clear water behind pollen liquid 6 h and gets final product so that flush away is residual on plant.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103385104A (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2013-11-13 | 太仓市临江农场专业合作社 | Ornamental strawberry growing method |
| CN103733986A (en) * | 2014-02-17 | 2014-04-23 | 南京农业大学 | Method for inducing chromosome doubling of pentaploid strawberry |
| CN104472344A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-01 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Breeding method of large fruit type day-neutralstrawberry |
| CN104938325A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-09-30 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Strawberry hybridization and seed seedling method |
| CN105265303A (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2016-01-27 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Short-life and low-cost strawberry hybridization breeding method |
| CN106613111A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-05-10 | 姚启持 | Perpetual strawberry planting method |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103385104A (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2013-11-13 | 太仓市临江农场专业合作社 | Ornamental strawberry growing method |
| CN103733986A (en) * | 2014-02-17 | 2014-04-23 | 南京农业大学 | Method for inducing chromosome doubling of pentaploid strawberry |
| CN103733986B (en) * | 2014-02-17 | 2016-04-13 | 南京农业大学 | The method of induction pentaploid doubling of strawberry chromosome |
| CN105265303A (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2016-01-27 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Short-life and low-cost strawberry hybridization breeding method |
| CN104472344A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-01 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Breeding method of large fruit type day-neutralstrawberry |
| CN104472344B (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2017-01-25 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Breeding method of large fruit type day-neutralstrawberry |
| CN104938325A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-09-30 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Strawberry hybridization and seed seedling method |
| CN106613111A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-05-10 | 姚启持 | Perpetual strawberry planting method |
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Application publication date: 20130417 |