CN105028178A - Method for carrying out biological pollination by adopting bees and application thereof to Chinese wolfberry planting in saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for carrying out biological pollination by adopting bees and application thereof to Chinese wolfberry planting in saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for carrying out biological pollination by adopting bees and application thereof to Chinese wolfberry planting in saline-alkali soil. The method comprises the step of spraying a bee attractant which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-7 parts of gardenia jasminoides juice, 4-6 parts of honeycomb extracting solution, 1.6-1.8 parts of jujube honey, 3-4 parts of glycerine, 12-17 parts of ethyl acetate, and 1.2-1.5 parts of wort. By applying the bee attractant to the Chinese wolfberry planting in saline-alkali soil, the bee attraction quantity in a planting area during pollination is obviously increased, and the bee attraction quantity in per square meter of a planting area during pollination to the Chinese wolfberry is 0.889-1.078; the pollination rate of the Chinese wolfberry reaches 98.2-98.6%; the fruit setting rate of the Chinese wolfberry is 94.0-97.5%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to biological pollination technique field, relate to a kind of biological pollinating method adopting honeybee, be specifically related to a kind of method adopting honeybee to carry out biological pollination and the application of planting at medlar in alkaline land thereof.
Background technology
Bee insect has unique Morphology And Physiology structure and biological property, is the optimal Pollinating Insect of crops.Many developed countries all attach great importance to and utilize honeybee to pollinate for crops in the world, to improve the ecotope in farmland, ensure the good quality and high output of crops.Crops utilize honeybee pollination, not only can increase yield, the vitality of fruit and seed quality, raising offspring can also be improved, be conducive to the improvement of ecotope and ensure that people's is healthy, therefore utilizing the remarkable in economical benefits of honeybee pollination, ecological benefits far-reaching.
The smell utilizing honeybee to like attracts a large amount of honeybee, and pollination period uses, and can increase spontaneous pollination rate, improves output, is conducive to the uniformity of fruit growth simultaneously, reduces the malformed fruit because artificial pollination causes.Thus raising crop yield, improve crop quality, be applicable to all plants needing honeybee pollination.
Patent CN201210183837.5 honeybee attractant and for the production of hybrid seeds of hybrid soybean seeds field honey
The method of honeybee pollination, discloses a kind of honeybee attractant, and by honeycomb liquid 7.0 ~ 15g, imitative fragrance of a flower liquid 2.5 ~ 5.0g, syrup 5.0 ~ 10g that the white sugar of water and equivalent obtains, cold water 70 ~ 85.5g is mixed and forms.
Defect and the deficiency of prior art existence are as follows:
Adopt the honeybee attractant of prior art, during pollination, the honeybee amount of drawing of matrimony vine growing area is little, and the pollination rate of matrimony vine is lower, and the percentage of fertile fruit of matrimony vine is low, and matrimony vine per mu yield is not high.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above deficiency, provide a kind of and adopt honeybee to carry out the method for biological pollination and the application in medlar in alkaline land plantation thereof, realize following goal of the invention:
(1) growing area when significantly improving pollination draws honeybee amount; Adopt honeybee attractant of the present invention, during matrimony vine pollination, growing area draws honeybee amount and is increased to 0.889-1.078 Zhi/㎡;
(2) pollination rate is significantly improved; Adopt honeybee attractant of the present invention to pollinate, matrimony vine pollination rate is increased to 98.2-98.6%;
(3) percentage of fertile fruit is significantly improved; Adopt honeybee attractant of the present invention to pollinate, matrimony vine percentage of fertile fruit is increased to 94.0-97.5%;
(4) output is significantly improved; Adopt honeybee attractant of the present invention to pollinate, medlar fresh fruit per mu yield is increased to 160-180kg.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, by the following technical solutions:
Adopt honeybee to carry out a method for biological pollination, comprise and spray honeybee attractant step, described honeybee attractant comprises following component: gardenia juice, honeycomb extract, jujube flower honey, glycerine, ethyl acetate, brewer's wort.
Below the further improvement to technique scheme:
The weight ratio of described honeybee attractant component is: gardenia juice 5-7 part, honeycomb extract 4-6 part, jujube flower honey 1.6-1.8 part, glycerine 3-4 part, ethyl acetate 12-17 part, brewer's wort 1.2-1.5 part.
The weight ratio of described honeybee attractant component is: 6 parts, gardenia juice, honeycomb extract 5 parts, jujube flower honey 1.7 parts, glycerine 3 parts, 15 parts, ethyl acetate, brewer's wort 1.4 parts.
The preparation method of described honeybee attractant comprises preparation gardenia juice: cleaned by gardenia, squeezing 7-10min, filters, and collect juice, the centrifugal 10min of 5000rpm, obtains supernatant, after 0.45 μm of filtering with microporous membrane.
The preparation method of described honeybee attractant also comprises and prepares honeycomb extract: by honeycomb, pulverizes, puts into 60% ethanol, soaks 2-3 hour, and 80 order gauzes filter, and collects juice, centrifugal 8 minutes of 5000rpm.
Described sprinkling honeybee attractant: after the flowers are in blossom, every other day, an attractant of spraying, each spray amount is 2L every mu.
Also comprise and cultivate bee colony: have 5 honeybee spleens in each beehive, honeybee amount is 600-700, and in case, bee colony vitality is vigorous, and the adult honeybee being applicable to pollination accounts for the 50-60% of bee colony.
Also comprise and lay beehive: beehive is placed in the place of overhead 20-25cm.
Described lays beehive: per hectare places 7-9 case.
When adopting pollinating method of the present invention to pollinate to matrimony vine, growing area draws honeybee amount and reaches 0.889-1.078 Zhi/㎡.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following beneficial effect:
(1) adopt honeybee attractant of the present invention, growing area when significantly improving pollination draws honeybee amount, and during matrimony vine pollination, growing area draws honeybee amount and reaches 0.889-1.078 Zhi/㎡;
(2) adopt honeybee attractant of the present invention pollination, significantly improve pollination rate, matrimony vine pollination rate reaches 98.2-98.6%;
(3) adopt honeybee attractant of the present invention pollination, significantly improve percentage of fertile fruit, matrimony vine percentage of fertile fruit is 94.0-97.5%;
(4) adopt honeybee attractant of the present invention pollination, significantly improve output, medlar fresh fruit per mu yield reaches 160-180kg;
(5) adopt honeybee attractant of the present invention pollination, improve the quality of matrimony vine, fruit average diameter is 5-6mm, and fruit average length is 1.5-1.8cm, and commodity fruit rate is 92.5-95.4%, and lycium barbarum polysaccharide content is 3.75-3.85%.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1 one kinds of honeybee attractants
Honeybee attractant comprises the component of following weight portion:
5 parts, gardenia juice, honeycomb extract 4 parts, jujube flower honey 1.6 parts, glycerine 3 parts, 12 parts, ethyl acetate, brewer's wort 1.2 parts.
Embodiment 2 one kinds of honeybee attractants
Honeybee attractant comprises the component of following weight portion:
6 parts, gardenia juice, honeycomb extract 5 parts, jujube flower honey 1.7 parts, glycerine 3 parts, 15 parts, ethyl acetate, brewer's wort 1.4 parts.
Embodiment 3 one kinds of honeybee attractants
Honeybee attractant comprises the component of following weight portion:
7 parts, gardenia juice, honeycomb extract 6 parts, jujube flower honey 1.8 parts, glycerine 4 parts, 17 parts, ethyl acetate, brewer's wort 1.5 parts.
The preparation method of embodiment 4 one kinds of honeybee attractants
(1) gardenia juice is prepared
Get fresh gardenia flower, clean, squeeze 7-10min, then use 200 order filter-cloth filterings, discard filter residue in squeezer, collect juice, the centrifugal 10min of 5000rpm, obtains supernatant, after 0.45 μm of filtering with microporous membrane, obtains gardenia extract.
(2) brewer's wort is prepared
Get fresh Fructus Hordei Germinatus, clean, steam 20-30 minute, pulverize, at the temperature bottom fermentation of about 60 DEG C after the water putting into 3 times stirs evenly, behind about to 7 ~ 10 hour, through squeezer squeeze juice, it is brewer's wort that 80 order gauzes filter the clarified juice obtained.
(3) honeycomb extract is prepared
Get fresh honeycomb, pulverize, put into 60% ethanol with the weight such as honeycomb, soak 2-3 hour, 80 order gauzes filter, and collect juice, centrifugal 8 minutes of 5000rpm, obtaining supernatant is honeycomb extract.
(4) weigh
Honeycomb extract, jujube flower honey, gardenia juice, glycerine, ethyl acetate, brewer's wort has been weighed by the weight portion of embodiment 1-3, for subsequent use.
(5) obtained honeybee attractant
By load weighted honeycomb extract, gardenia juice, glycerine mixing, 70-80 DEG C of heating also stirs with glass bar, after dissolving, add load weighted jujube flower honey, ethyl acetate, brewer's wort, stir 4-5 minute, rotating speed 200rpm with agitator, obtain the mixture of thickness, add the distilled water of mixture 10 times of weight, stir with glass bar, obtained honeybee attractant.
The application that the method that embodiment 5 one kinds adopts honeybee to carry out biological pollination is planted at medlar in alkaline land
Step 1, nursery
Nursery is based on Shoot breeding, and summer carries out seedlings plugging, cuts nursery branch after spring fruit harvesting in conjunction with the summer, cut without the annual healthy and strong branch of damage by disease and insect, the long 16-18 centimetre of bar, suitable for reading flat, end opening is the shape of a hoof, and clip, apart from the first bud 1 centimetre, is inserted front root-growing agent and steeped 24 hours, with hestening rooting, shovel ditch depth 20 centimetres seam, injects along seam, bar top and ground are put down, tramp with one's feet reality, waters sufficient water, and seedling raise period is 1 year.
Step 2, transplanting
Growing area saline land: containing soda 0.5 milliequivalent in the soluble salt composition of 100 grams of soil, pH is 8.2-8.5, and salt content is 0.8-1.0%.
Before plantation, the modifying agent that is manured into soil carries out improvement soil, and mu executes soil conditioner 200kg.Described soil melioration agent prescription is: aluminum sulfate 9-10 part, cotton seed hulls 13-15 part, charcoal 16-18 part, desulfurated plaster 7-8 part, seawood meal 12-14 part, water-loss reducer 10-11 part, alfalfa meal 8-10 part.Prepare modifying agent by the weight ratio of above-mentioned modifying agent component, be sprinkled into growing area saline land, turn over even raking.
The middle ten days and the last ten days in March transplants, about matrimony vine mu plants 300 strains, and seeding row spacing 1-2 rice, dig 30 centimeter square holes, often cheat sealing fertilizer 0.5 jin, mix with table soil, first in hole, fill out a part about 10 centimetres, tramp with one's feet reality, then seedling is placed on center, hole, continue soil of filling in a form, root is buried reality, waters, plant the degree of depth and exceed original soil print 3-6 centimetre, most back wall trunk trains into mound, then waters a water.
Step 3, irrigation
(1) irrigate seedling stage:
The mode of employing salt water, fresh water rotation flow is irrigated, and salt water, fresh water rotation flow number of times are than being irrigate once for 1:4, every 7-10 days, and each irrigation volume is 300-400m3/ hectare;
The salinity of described fresh water is less than 1g/L, and described salt water salinity is 2.2-3.4g/L, pH is 7.8-8.2, and salt content is 0.09-0.11%, and sodium salt content accounts for the 70-76% of total salt content.
(2) irrigate vegetative period:
Adopt amino-enriched salt water, the mode of fresh water rotation flow irrigates, rotation flow number of times is than irrigating once for 1:3, every 5-7 days, and each irrigation volume is 400-500m3/ hectare;
The salinity of described fresh water is less than 1g/L;
The preparation of described amino-enriched salt water:
Get amino acid fertilizer 10kg to be dissolved in 1000L brackish water, mix, obtained amino-enriched salt water; Described amino acid fertilizer comprises valine 5-6%, cystine 7-9%, asparatate 3-4%, hydroxyproline 2-3%, tryptophan 3-5%, serine 3-6%, threonine 7-8%, micro-10-16%; Described brackish water salinity is 3.2-3.8g/L, pH is 8.0-8.5, and salt content is 0.07-0.10%, and sodium salt content accounts for the 58-64% of total salt content;
(3) phase of yielding positive results irrigates:
The mode of employing salt water, fresh water rotation flow is irrigated, and rotation flow number of times is than being irrigate once for 1:2, every 3-5 days, and each irrigation volume is 500-600m3/ hectare;
The salinity of described fresh water is less than 1g/L; The salinity of described salt water is 3.6-4.2g/L, pH is 8.2-8.4, and salt content is 0.08-0.12%, and sodium salt content accounts for the 72-80% of total salt content;
Step 4, pollination
(1) bee colony is cultivated
Before pollination, cultivated the bee colony in beehive, had 5 honeybee spleens in each beehive, honeybee amount is 600-700, and in case, bee colony vitality is vigorous, and the adult honeybee being applicable to pollination accounts for the 50-60% of bee colony.
(2) beehive is laid
3-4 days before blooming, is placed into growing area center by honeybee beehive, and beehive is placed in the place of overhead 20-25cm, and per hectare places 7-9 case.
(3) honeybee attractant is sprayed
Pollination period, 1-2 days before the flowers are in blossom, is sprayed on petal by the honeybee attractant of embodiment 1-3, after the flowers are in blossom, every other day, an attractant of spraying.As the rainy day, stop spraying, after rain stops, recover spraying again.Each spray amount is 2L every mu.
(4) put honeybee and withdraw from
Pollination period is 90-100 days, and during this, 7:00-8:00 opens the outlet on beehive every morning, and allow honeybee fly out pollination, in afternoon, honeybee closes outlet after returning nest, avoids bee colony to be encroached on; After pollination period terminates, honeybee is withdrawn from from growing area, meanwhile, stop spraying attractant.
Step 5, pruning
Prune main attention below some:
(1) each branch growing way balance, be evenly distributed, level is clear, and subordinate relation is clear and definite.
(2) taking the least important seat at a square table, it is suitable not beat, and clear hall is very important; Mi Chu will prune off, and deep-fried twisted dough sticks are stayed at rare place; Shortly cut the branch that lands, withe renews the tip; Bud picking will be grabbed early, and nutriment consumption is few; Pinching is wanted in good time, and fruit branch is how good again.
(3) pruning degree is grasped, and fruit (fruit branch) is stayed in weak tree heavy pruning less, and strong tree light pruning fruit (branch) is stayed more, and the sturdy result of fruit branch is good.
(4) debranching order will learn off, and first dredge to cut afterwards and be unlikely to go wrong, go little (branch) after first going bough, dead arm, sick branch, acupuncture branch have all gone, then remove random branch, weak branch, overstocked branch.
(5) prune points for attention and have 3 points: first see rear row, have the whole situation in mind and cut down again; First up and then down, by a left side, right order is cut; Clip is level and smooth, and favourable healing does not stay slurry.
Step 6, fruit harvesting
At fruit 80to 90mature, namely fruit becomes red or orange red, and pulp is slightly soft, when base of fruit loosens, plucks immediately, first plucks outer upper part, after pluck cella and bottom.
Control group: the implantation methods adopting embodiment 5, only changes step 4 and pollinates, do not spray honeybee attractant, carry out the experiment of plantation matrimony vine.
Experimental group: the implantation methods adopting embodiment 5, adopts the honeybee attractant of embodiment 1-3, carries out the experiment of plantation matrimony vine.
Experimental result is in table 1:
The experimental result of table 1 control group and experimental group
From table 1, embodiment 2 is preferred embodiment.
Adopt pollinating method of the present invention, the honeybee amount of drawing of pollination period matrimony vine is larger, pollination evenly, completely, significantly improve the pollination rate of matrimony vine, percentage of fertile fruit, improve the quality of fruit, commodity fruit rate is higher, and lycium barbarum polysaccharide content is higher, significantly improves per mu yield.Between planting season, matrimony vine well-grown, dead rate is low, and the Lycium barbarum. L Quality of plantation is good, and active constituent content is high.
Adopt the implantation methods plantation matrimony vine of embodiment 5 after 1 year, growing area soil structure improves, and containing soda 0.3 milliequivalent in the soluble salt composition of 100 grams of soil, pH is 7.4-7.5, and salt content is 0.3-.04%.
Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. adopt honeybee to carry out a method for biological pollination, it is characterized in that: comprise and spray honeybee attractant, described honeybee attractant comprises following component: gardenia juice, honeycomb extract, jujube flower honey, glycerine, ethyl acetate, brewer's wort.
2. a kind of method adopting honeybee to carry out biological pollination according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the weight ratio of described honeybee attractant component is: gardenia juice 5-7 part, honeycomb extract 4-6 part, jujube flower honey 1.6-1.8 part, glycerine 3-4 part, ethyl acetate 12-17 part, brewer's wort 1.2-1.5 part.
3. a kind of method adopting honeybee to carry out biological pollination according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the weight ratio of described honeybee attractant component is: 6 parts, gardenia juice, honeycomb extract 5 parts, jujube flower honey 1.7 parts, glycerine 3 parts, 15 parts, ethyl acetate, brewer's wort 1.4 parts.
4. a kind of method adopting honeybee to carry out biological pollination according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the preparation method of described honeybee attractant comprises preparation gardenia juice: cleaned by gardenia, squeezing 7-10min, filter, collect juice, the centrifugal 10min of 5000rpm, obtains supernatant, after 0.45 μm of filtering with microporous membrane.
5. a kind of method adopting honeybee to carry out biological pollination according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the preparation method of described honeybee attractant also comprises and prepares honeycomb extract: by honeycomb, pulverize, put into 60% ethanol, soak 2-3 hour, 80 order gauzes filter, and collect juice, centrifugal 8 minutes of 5000rpm.
6. a kind of method adopting honeybee to carry out biological pollination according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described sprinkling honeybee attractant: after the flowers are in blossom, every other day, an attractant of spraying, each spray amount is 2L every mu.
7. a kind of method adopting honeybee to carry out biological pollination according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise and cultivate bee colony: in each beehive, have 5 honeybee spleens, honeybee amount is 600-700, and in case, bee colony vitality is vigorous, and the adult honeybee being applicable to pollination accounts for the 50-60% of bee colony.
8. a kind of method adopting honeybee to carry out biological pollination according to claim 1, is characterized in that: also comprise and lay beehive: beehive is placed in the place of overhead 20-25cm.
9. a kind of method adopting honeybee to carry out biological pollination according to claim 8, is characterized in that: described lays beehive: per hectare places 7-9 case.
10. a kind of method adopting honeybee to carry out biological pollination according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when adopting pollinating method of the present invention to pollinate to matrimony vine, growing area draws honeybee amount and reaches 0.889-1.078 Zhi/㎡.
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| CN106035411A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-10-26 | 湖南省蔬菜研究所 | Osmia lure for chili pollination |
| CN106069732A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-11-09 | 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | A kind of method improving hybrid soybean production of hybrid seeds bee colony visit flower |
| CN107466786A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2017-12-15 | 安徽秋歌农业开发有限公司 | A kind of high fruiting rate implantation methods of Kiwi berry |
| CN107853045A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-03-30 | 东营市农业科学研究院 | The Efficient Eco-agriculture production technology that a kind of matrimony vine plantation is combined with bee raising |
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| JPH0899807A (en) * | 1994-09-30 | 1996-04-16 | Norin Suisansyo Sanshi Konchu Nogyo Gijutsu Kenkyusho | Attractant for bee living in egg of euproctis taiwana |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106035411B (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2018-12-11 | 湖南省蔬菜研究所 | A kind of wall bee attractant for capsicum pollination |
| CN106069732A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-11-09 | 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | A kind of method improving hybrid soybean production of hybrid seeds bee colony visit flower |
| CN107466786A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2017-12-15 | 安徽秋歌农业开发有限公司 | A kind of high fruiting rate implantation methods of Kiwi berry |
| CN107853045A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-03-30 | 东营市农业科学研究院 | The Efficient Eco-agriculture production technology that a kind of matrimony vine plantation is combined with bee raising |
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