CN104678555B - The tooth form of diopter correction inlays planar waveguide optical device - Google Patents
The tooth form of diopter correction inlays planar waveguide optical device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104678555B CN104678555B CN201510036544.8A CN201510036544A CN104678555B CN 104678555 B CN104678555 B CN 104678555B CN 201510036544 A CN201510036544 A CN 201510036544A CN 104678555 B CN104678555 B CN 104678555B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of tooth form that can be used for the wearing display of full eye with diopter correction to inlay planar waveguide optical device, including display light source, collimation lens, coupling-in face, slab guide substrate, micro- tooth-shape structure and thin negative lens.Wherein display light source is used for sending the display light wave of image needed for display, collimation lens is used for collimating the light wave that light source is sent, collimated light waves are coupled into slab guide by coupling-in face, slab guide substrate then carries out reflection to the light wave being coupled into and propagates formation total reflection light wave, micro- tooth-shape structure will carry out coupling output to total reflection light wave, and thin negative lens is used to correct diopter.The present invention has the characteristics of diopter correction is convenient, in light weight, compact-sized, processing technology is simple, visual field increase is flexible and light wave coupling efficiency is high, wearable display is cannot be only used for, while can be additionally used in the application fields such as medical otoscope, bore hole 3D display, GPS navigation and mobile screen display.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of planar waveguide optical device, particularly a kind of being worn available for full eye with diopter correction
The tooth form for wearing display inlays planar waveguide optical device.
Background technology
Traditional helmet wearing display is realized using 45 ° of reflective structures.This structure is in visual field increase and the helmet
Overall weight in terms of there is very big contradiction.In order to increase visual field, only by increasing the area of 45 ° of reflectings surface come real
It is existing, it means that the weight increase of overall reflective system.Generally, helmet wearing display device is browsing letter in order to facilitate wearer
Normally performed activity mode is not influenceed while breath, using optical element by image information virtually including certain in front of human eye
At distance.The core component of such optical presentation system is made up of three parts：Graphical information light wave coupling input module, information light
Ripple transferring substrate and image light waves coupling output display component.In addition, for the problematic observer of eyesight, diopter
Correction is also necessary, otherwise will influence the definition of final observation image.Therefore, diopter correction, in light weight, structure is tight
Gather, big visual field and high-resolution image show to be always such optical system key issue urgently to be resolved hurrily.Wherein, dioptric
Degree correction, visual field in light weight and big are particularly important.In some application fields, the size for observing field range directly influences personnel
Safety and observer obtain the integrality of information, while the weight of display system and diopter correction relaxing for wearer
The definition for taking degree and image all has a great impact.
In order to solve tradition wearing display optical system due to optical imaging system weight and the contradiction and dioptric of visual field
A series of problems that abnormal observation band comes is spent, the present invention devises a kind of tooth form of diopter correction and inlays planar waveguide optical device
Part.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above problems, the invention provides a kind of tooth form of diopter correction to inlay planar waveguide optical device
Part.
In order to achieve the above object, present invention employs following technical scheme：
A kind of tooth form of diopter correction inlays planar waveguide optical device, it is characterised in that：Include successively：Show light
Source, send the display light wave of image needed for display；Collimation lens, the light wave that light source is sent is collimated；Coupling-in face, will
Collimated light waves are coupled into slab guide；Slab guide substrate, reflection propagation formation is carried out to the light wave being coupled into and is all-trans
Penetrate light wave；Micro- tooth-shape structure, coupling output is carried out to total reflection light wave；Thin negative lens, is corrected to diopter.Wherein, it is accurate
Straight lens are arranged between display light source and slab guide substrate, and micro- tooth-shape structure is arranged on slab guide substrate away from display light
On the one end side in source, micro- tooth-shape structure is made up of a number of miniature small tooth linking, and these miniature small teeth are in plane wave
The total reflection light wave propagated in conductive substrate carries out coupling output.The present invention mainly using the reflection of micro- toothed surface, total reflection and is born
Lens strength correcting principle and coating technique are realized.Light from display light source is saturating through the good collimation of aberration correction
Mirror collimation incides coupling-in face later, through being reflected into slab guide substrate, makes light to meet the bar of total reflection
Part loss-free position for being transferred to required display output in slab guide substrate.Due to the presence of micro- tooth-shape structure, beat
Total reflection propagation conditions of the light in slab guide has been broken, by the reflection of micro- tooth form flank of tooth, has been output to light wave coupling micro-
Entered outside tooth-shape structure in ultra-thin negative lens.By the diopter correction of ultra-thin negative lens, light enters regarding for observer
Yezhong.For the light from surrounding scenes, the reflection by waveguide upper and lower surface enters directly into human eye, so as to complete image
The Real Time Observation of information and surrounding scenes information.
In planar waveguide optical device provided by the invention, also have the feature that：Collimation lens uses single aspheric
Face mirror, to minute surface, (surface roughness Ra should be less than the wavelength of imaging to the Surface Machining of each miniature small tooth of micro- tooth-shape structure
Size, such as 10-20nm) effect, micro- tooth-shape structure and plane optical waveguide substrates are bonded using appropriate optical glue, are such as rolled over
Penetrate the ultraviolet glue of rate matching.
In planar waveguide optical device provided by the invention, also have the feature that：Correct thin negative lens and plane wave
Conductive substrate is consistent with the material of micro- tooth-shape structure, is formed by optical material, and the material possesses and has suitable refractive index, transmitance
And mechanical performance, such as PMMA.
In planar waveguide optical device provided by the invention, also have the feature that：Coupling-in face is coated with anti-reflection film,
The lower surface of micro- tooth-shape structure is coated with optical thin film with the method for dichroic spin coating, and the beam projecting face of thin negative lens is coated with anti-reflection
Film.
In planar waveguide optical device provided by the invention, also have the feature that：Wherein, coupling-in face drift angle arrives
Micro- tooth-shape structure is close to the physical length L ray of the coupling-in face position and thickness Hp of slab guide substrate and is all-trans
Penetrate the angle α of light wave and substrate lower surfaceSurBetween meet following relations：Lray>3Hp*tan(αSur)。
In planar waveguide optical device provided by the invention, also have the feature that：Wherein, the entirety of micro- tooth-shape structure
Length Lt and slab guide substrate thickness Hp and total reflection light wave and the angle α of substrate lower surfaceSurBetween meet following passes
System：Lt>2Hp*tan(αSur)。
In planar waveguide optical device provided by the invention, also have the feature that：Wherein, it is single in micro- tooth-shape structure
The width Tw of micro- tooth should be greater than the length of imaging light wavelength, such as 600um, to avoid strong diffraction caused by micro- tooth-shape structure from imitating
Should, and influence imaging effect.
Compared with existing imaging system, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Diopter correction is convenient, in light weight, structure is tight
Gather, processing technology is simple, visual field increase is flexible and light wave coupling efficiency is high.These advantages cause optics of the present invention to compare
In traditional 45 ° of reflective display systems, the volume and weight of system is reduced.Under identical volume, optical system of the present invention
Imaging viewing field it is bigger, light wave coupling efficiency is higher, and manufacturing process is more simple and easy, cost is lower, at the same the present invention compared to
Traditional imaging system diopter correction is simple and easy, greatly solves the inconvenience that diopter exception eye-observation is brought.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the tooth form of diopter correction of the present invention inlays the structural representation of planar waveguide optical device；
Fig. 2 is the light schematic diagram that the tooth form without diopter correction inlays plane waveguiding device；
Fig. 3 is that the tooth form of diopter correction of the present invention inlays the micro- tooth-shape structure schematic diagram of planar waveguide optical device；
Fig. 4 is that the tooth form of diopter correction of the present invention inlays the light schematic diagram of planar waveguide optical device；
Fig. 5 is that the tooth form of diopter correction of the present invention inlays micro- tooth-shape structure lower surface plated film in planar waveguide optical device
Light schematic diagram afterwards；
Fig. 6 is that the tooth form of diopter correction of the present invention inlays in planar waveguide optical device transmissivity with reaching micro- tooth form knot
The curve map of the incident angle change of the light of structure；
Fig. 7 is that the tooth form of diopter correction of the present invention inlays the light that micro- tooth-shape structure is reached in planar waveguide optical device
Incident angle be 10 ° when each wavelength transmittance graph figure；
Fig. 8 is that the tooth form of diopter correction of the present invention inlays the light that micro- tooth-shape structure is reached in planar waveguide optical device
Incident angle be 60 ° when each wavelength transmittance graph figure；
Fig. 9 is that the tooth form of diopter correction of the present invention inlays in planar waveguide optical device light in micro- tooth-shape structure and thin
The schematic diagram propagated in negative lens；
Figure 10 is that the tooth form of diopter correction of the present invention inlays the beam projecting of thin negative lens in planar waveguide optical device
Transmittance graph before and after face plating anti-reflection film；
Figure 11 is that the tooth form of diopter correction of the present invention inlays planar waveguide optical device eye-observation schematic diagram；And
Figure 12 is that the tooth form of diopter correction of the present invention inlays the simple eye application schematic diagram of planar waveguide optical device.
Embodiment
The specific works engineering of the present invention is described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is that the tooth form of diopter correction of the present invention inlays the structural representation of planar waveguide optical device, such as Fig. 1 institutes
Show, the system composition of optics of the present invention includes：Display light source 10, collimation lens 11, coupling-in face 12, plane wave guide bush
Bottom 13, micro- tooth-shape structure 14, thin negative lens 15.The basic structure of optics of the present invention is made up of six parts, for specifically should
With can be extended accordingly to each part of the present invention, so as to further improve potentiality of the system in application aspect.Under
The effect that face is directed to six parts of the invention gives to illustrate accordingly：
Display light source 10 is main in display application system is worn to provide the image information for being used for observing.And current main flow
Display light source has DLP, LCD, OLED, Lcos etc..Different Display Techniques corresponds to different display requirements.In order to cause
The overall structure of display system tends to be miniaturized in volume, and consider light source each point brightness uniformity, output light efficiency and
The factors such as the limitation of brightness requirement and resolution ratio and size, generally select that volume is suitable, light source of brightness uniformity, high resolution is made
For the display light source of micro display system, such as Lcos.In order to meet the requirement such as optical design and Film Design, it will usually in display light
Biasing mating plate before source, for changing the polarization state of the light wave from display system.But this will cause to enter waveguide display systems
Overall light efficiency decrease significantly.But, liquid crystal on silicon Lcos light efficiency is sufficient for corresponding application requirement.For silicon substrate liquid
Brilliant Lcos can require selection CF-Lcos or CS-Lcos according to specific, and both mainly have marked difference in resolution ratio.Together
The CS-Lcos of size resolution ratio is usually above CF-Lcos.
Collimation lens 11 mainly collimates to the light wave that display light source is sent.In display application is worn, human eye is made
For final image information receiver, it is necessary to be collimated to the light wave from image to reach the reality that human eye freely loosens viewing
Border requires.Typically light wave is collimated using optical spherical lens, but because the presence of optical aberration, image pass through
There is aberrations such as astigmatism, distortion, the curvature of field, comas after lens, need to carry out sternly according to application requirement for collimation lens for this
The aberration correction of lattice, to reach preferable imaging effect, it otherwise will influence the final resolution ratio of optical system so that human eye
Real image information can not clearly be watched.Due to common spherical mirror when correcting aberration, it is necessary to have different materials and song
The lens combination of rate radius forms, and this can increase the weight and volume of whole system.Therefore generally use aspherical mirror has come
Into the correction of aberration, because when correcting aberration, single aspherical mirror can be achieved, so as to the overall structure and weight to system
Bring benefit.
Coupling-in face 12 is the direction of propagation for changing light using prism using the principle of mirror-reflection.Carry out auto-collimation
After the light of lens 11 incides coupling-in face 12, planar substrate is reflected into by coupling-in face 12.Due to adopting
Enter substrate with inclined-plane coupling light wave, reflection light can be effectively prevented to original image as the influence of matter.Generally for entering
One step improves the coupling input efficiency of light wave, can be plated in the range of effective clear aperture of coupling-in face 12 corresponding anti-reflection
Film, to improve the coupling input energy of light wave.
The rapidoprint of slab guide substrate 13 has many kinds, such as glass material JGS1, JGS2, K9, BK7, plastics material
Material has PET, PMMA etc..Because the refractive index of every kind of material, abbe number are different, cause the cirtical angle of total reflection, the transmission of material
Rate, absorb absorption coefficient and vary in weight.Limitation in view of practical application condition according to specific requirement, it is necessary to be selected.
The condition for meeting total reflection is needed when light wave is propagated in the substrate, to ensure that light does not reflect substrate.Simultaneously should be as far as possible
The material absorption to light-wave energy in itself is reduced, otherwise substantial amounts of light-wave energy can be made to be lost in transmitting procedure and influence image
Visibility.Other planar substrate material limits the scope of the image transmitted in the substrate and the brightness of image in itself, is
Expand the scope of transmission image, generally plate the film layer of certain reflectivity as desired in substrate surface, material is all-trans
Firing angle gives certain extension.Therefore, the material of slab guide substrate, which generally selects, possesses appropriate index, transmitance and machine
The optical material of tool performance, such as plastics acrylic PMMA.And plastics acrylic PMMA (nd=1.49) the cirtical angle of total reflection is
42.2 °, higher than in general K9 glass (nd=1.52) 41.8 ° of the cirtical angle of total reflection, PMMA lighter in weight in addition, for same
Isometric K9 glass and PMMA plastics, PMMA weight are the half of K9 glass, and this advantage can be used for mitigating to dress showing
Show the weight of application apparatus.
The total reflection condition that micro- tooth-shape structure 14 is used for destroying light makes its coupling be output to outside tooth-shape structure.Light wave passes through
Slab guide substrate 13 is migrated into micro- tooth-shape structure 14, because micro- tooth-shape structure 14 and plane optical waveguide substrates 13 use
Appropriate optical glue is bonded, such as the ultraviolet glue of index matching, so as to so that light directly reaches with having deviation
In micro- tooth-shape structure 14.By the reflection of micro- flank of tooth of tooth-shape structure 14, destroying the total reflection condition of light makes light coupling defeated
Go out to enter human eye.The presence of tooth-shape structure can make whole toothed surfaces all realize the reflection to light, because light can cover
Lid integral surface, it is achieved thereby that the extension of observer's visual field.This visual field extension tooth-shape structure is easy in technique processing
Realize but tooth-shape structure Surface Machining needs to reach minute surface that (surface roughness Ra should be less than the wavelength dimension of imaging, such as
Effect 10-20nm), otherwise because irreflexive presence can reduce the definition of image.Usual tooth-shape structure use injection,
The methods such as diamond cut realize that the corresponding surface roughness of these processing technologys can meet to require.
Thin negative lens 15 is used for correcting diopter.For the abnormal human eye of diopter, it is necessary to consider dioptric
The correction of degree, it otherwise will influence final information and observe.The design of thin negative lens 15 must account for material refractive index and
For the dioptric optical value of slight diopter exception human eye.Thin negative lens 15 carries out gluing with micro- tooth-shape structure 14 for convenience, leads to
Normal thin negative lens and the material of plane optical waveguide substrates and micro- tooth-shape structure should be consistent in selection.Incide micro- tooth form knot
The high angle scattered light of structure lower surface should be totally reflected into slab guide substrate relaying and resume and broadcast, but due to thin negative lens and micro- tooth
It is by suitable optical glue, as the ultraviolet glue of index matching carries out gluing so that enter tooth form in a subtle way between shape structure
The high angle scattered light of structure may be directly entered in thin negative lens, and this will cause the presence of secondary imaging.In order to eliminate it is secondary into
As the influence to original image, and in order that the low-angle light for inciding micro- tooth-shape structure lower surface is born thoroughly completely into thin
In mirror, optical thin film is introduced between micro- tooth-shape structure and thin negative lens.
The job step and exemplary application of optics of the present invention：
Fig. 2 is the light schematic diagram that the tooth form without diopter correction inlays plane waveguiding device.Standard from display light source
Direct light line 20 impinges perpendicularly on coupling-in face, so as to change the direction of propagation of light, it is all-trans in slab guide substrate
Penetrate propagation.Through reflecting surface Ref-surfReflection, light 20 is first and the lower surface Sur of plane optical waveguide substrates-bottomCollision, passes through
Substrate lower surface Sur-bottomReflection, the and then upper surface Sur with slab guide substrate of light 20-upCollision.In whole light
The angle α of light 20 and plane optical waveguide substrates normal must be remained in line communication processSurMore than backing material (PMMA, nd
=1.49) the cirtical angle of total reflection (42.2 °), otherwise light-wave energy easily loses in communication process, causes final display figure
As the loss of information, influence to observe the field range of image.In order to realize the optical circuit path of above-mentioned light propagation, with axial principal ray
For design reference, the condition that each parameter need to meet is：
αSur-ref=β
Wherein, β is reflecting surface Ref-surfWith substrate lower surface Sur-bottomAngle, αSur-refIt is axial principal ray and reflection
Face Ref-surfThe angle of normal.
αSur=2 αSur-ref
Wherein, αSurIt is chief ray and plane optical waveguide substrates lower surface Sur-bottomThe angle of normal.Meet above-mentioned condition
In the case of, axial principal ray can with noenergy lose propagation in the substrate, for the light beam in other directions, as long as with substrate following table
The angle of reflection in face is more than the transmission that critical angle can be lossless.
Fig. 3 is that the tooth form of diopter correction of the present invention inlays the micro- tooth-shape structure schematic diagram of planar waveguide optical device.Micro- tooth
Shape structure 31 is made up of a number of miniature small tooth 32, and these miniature small teeth are used to break total reflection of the light in substrate surface
Condition makes its coupling be output to outside substrate.Sur of the light 33 first with tooth form micro-structural 31 from substrate-inputFace collides,
Vertical refraction is entered in tooth-shape structure in a subtle way.Enter after tooth-shape structure in a subtle way the and then Sur with tooth form micro-structural 31 of light 33-output
Face collides, by Sur-outputBe coupled out after the reflection in face to enter outside micro- tooth-shape structure field of view scope it
It is interior.For light 34, the first Sur with tooth form micro-structural 31-inputThe face vertical refraction that collides is entered in tooth-shape structure in a subtle way.Enter
The and then Sur with tooth form micro-structural 31 of light 34 in a subtle way after tooth-shape structure-outputFace collides, and again passes by Sur-outputFace
Refraction and Sur-inputFace collides, by Sur-inputFace is refracted into tooth form micro-structural 31.Then with micro- tooth-shape structure 31
Sub-bottomFace collides, due to light and Sub-bottomThe normal angle in face is more than the cirtical angle of total reflection, so as to which light continues
Propagated in tooth form micro-structural 31.In order that light meets above-mentioned condition when being propagated in micro- tooth-shape structure, using axial principal ray as knot
Structure parameter reference designs light, and each parameter of tooth-shape structure meets following relations：
βt-1=βt-2=βt-3=αSur
Wherein, βt-1It is the Sur of micro- tooth-shape structure 31-inputFace and the angle of horizontal plane, βt-2It is micro- tooth-shape structure 31
Sur-outputFace and Sur-inputThe angle in face, βt-3It is the Sur of micro- tooth-shape structure 31-outputFace and the angle of horizontal plane.
βref-t=βt-2
Wherein, βref-tIt is the angle of the Sur-input faces normal of axial principal ray and micro- tooth-shape structure 31.
βsurf-t=βref-t
Wherein, βsurf-tIt is the Sub of chief ray and micro- tooth-shape structure 31-bottomThe angle of face normal.
βbottom=βsurf-t
Wherein, βbottomIt is the Sub of micro- tooth-shape structure 31-bottomFace and Sur-outputThe angle in face.
For above-mentioned micro- tooth-shape structure parameter, light path parameter determination is carried out by reference of key light axis, for off-axis point
Light transmission when, due to the general very little of off-axis angle of micro display off-axis point light beam, therefore, above-mentioned parameter relation is sufficient for phase
Answer axle outer light beam propagation conditions.
Fig. 4 is that the tooth form of diopter correction of the present invention inlays the light schematic diagram of planar waveguide optical device.Positioned at optical axis
The light wave that the spot light Q from display light source on 40 is sent after collimation lens collimates, collimated ray 41 first and coupling
Reflection and refraction occur for input face collision, and wherein refracted light will continue to propagate in slab guide.And due to coupling-in face
Presence to light reflex, the energy of light wave is lost, certain optical thickness can be generally plated on coupling-in face
Anti-reflection film, for improve enter slab guide substrate in light-wave energy.Refracted light is in slab guide substrate to be all-trans
The form penetrated is entered in micro- tooth-shape structure after propagating certain optical path, has been broken the condition that light total reflection is propagated, has been made it
It is coupled into thin negative lens, the diopter correction through excessively thin negative lens, light is entered eventually into the visual field of observer.
Fig. 5 is that the tooth form of diopter correction of the present invention inlays micro- tooth-shape structure lower surface plated film in planar waveguide optical device
Light schematic diagram afterwards.Collimated ray from light source impinges perpendicularly on coupling-in face, and coupling-in face is similar to coaxial light
Aperture diaphragm in system, the size into the light beam in slab guide substrate is limited, that is, limits the light into substrate
Beam energy.Generally, light vertically into substrate when have 4% energy be lost due to the reflection of substrate surface.These are anti-
On the one hand irradiating light beam causes the loss of general image energy, on the other hand also generate secondary imaging, have impact on original image
Definition.Corresponding anti-reflection film is plated generally at the effective area of coupling-in face for this, for increasing the energy of incident light wave
Amount.Collimated light beam into slab guide substrate passes through reflection, is carried out in slab guide substrate in the form of meeting to be totally reflected
Propagate, reach micro- tooth-shape structure after certain light path, the total reflection condition that light beam has been broken in the presence of tooth-shape structure makes its coupling defeated
Go out into the visual field of observer.Light 50 is by the reflection of the small flank of tooth of micro- tooth-shape structure, the vertical micro- tooth form knot of a part of light 52
The lower surface outgoing of structure, a part of light 51 are continued to propagate, contacted with the lower surface of wide-angle and tooth-shape structure.In order to be bent
Luminosity is corrected, it is necessary to assure the light 51 of large angle incidence can again return to substrate relaying and resume and broadcast, and otherwise will cause to observe
To image there is ghost image.In addition, the light 52 contacted with low-angle and micro- tooth-shape structure lower surface should be all emitted, otherwise show
The contrast of diagram picture can reduce.These purposes rely primarily on optical thin film 53 to realize.
Fig. 6 is that the tooth form of diopter correction of the present invention inlays in planar waveguide optical device transmissivity with reaching micro- tooth form knot
The curve map of the incident angle change of the light of structure.In order to realize that the light of the large angle incidence described in above-mentioned Fig. 5 completely returns
Substrate is returned, while the light of low-angle can completely be emitted tooth-shape structure lower surface, it is necessary in the lower surface of micro- tooth-shape structure
Realized by the way of dichroic spin coating optical thin film.The reflectivity of S-polarization light is illustrated in figure 6 with inciding micro- tooth-shape structure
Angle change curve, it follows that for wavelength be 510nm S-polarization light, incidence angle be 0 °~20 ° when, transmissivity T>
99%, therefore the light of low-angle can almost be emitted to the lower surface of tooth-shape structure completely.When incidence angle is 50 °~90 °, thoroughly
Penetrate rate T<0.01%, thus the light almost all of large angle incidence returns to planar substrate relaying and resumes and broadcast, for remaining
More 0.01% light-wave energy, human eye can not be perceived, therefore the observation of original image will not be impacted.
Fig. 7 is that the tooth form of diopter correction of the present invention inlays the light that micro- tooth-shape structure is reached in planar waveguide optical device
Incident angle be 10 ° when each wavelength transmittance graph figure.Light is penetrated for the low-angle people described in Fig. 5, it is necessary to is investigated
Reflectance curve of all low-angles in whole wave-length coverage.If the angle of visual field of the image light waves in waveguide is ± ω °,
It must assure that the reflectance value corresponding to 0~ω ° of any angle in the range of all wavelengths is all necessarily less than certain value, and this
Value must keep nearly constant, and otherwise reflection light can impact to original image, and the final display color of image will occur
Lose, influence the saturation degree of image.As shown in fig. 7, when it is 10 ° to reach the incident angle of light of micro- tooth-shape structure, wavelength
The transmissivity T of all light of the scope in 430~680nm is satisfied by T>99%, thus meet corresponding design requirement.
Fig. 8 is that the tooth form of diopter correction of the present invention inlays the light that micro- tooth-shape structure is reached in planar waveguide optical device
Incident angle be 60 ° when each wavelength transmittance graph figure.For the large angle incidence light described in Fig. 5, it is necessary to assure
It is all returned to substrate relaying to resume and broadcast, secondary imaging will be caused by otherwise reflecting into the light in thin negative lens.Due to original
Low-angle light direction and the light of secondary imaging direction it is different, it will have ghost image appearance, so as to influence original image
As qualitative observation.If the angle of visual field of the image light waves in waveguide is ± ω °, α must assure thatSurAll wavelengths corresponding to ± ω °
In the range of reflectivity all have to be larger than certain value, and this value must assure that the influence very little to original image imaging.Such as
Shown in Fig. 8, when incident angle is 60 °, the equal very little of transmissivity of all light of the wave-length coverage in 430~680nm.In Fig. 8 A
The scope of ordinate transmissivity is 0~100%, it can be seen that transmissivity now is almost 0%.Ordinate transmissivity in Fig. 8 B
Scope be 0~1%, can using more obvious when seeing incident angle as 60 °, wave-length coverage in 430~680nm owning
The transmissivity T of light meets T<0.01%, influence of these energy to original image, it can be ignored.
Fig. 9 is that the tooth form of diopter correction of the present invention inlays in planar waveguide optical device light in micro- tooth-shape structure and thin
The schematic diagram propagated in negative lens.Light 90 from slab guide substrate is incided in micro- tooth-shape structure, by miniature small tooth
Reflection, low-angle light 91 entered in thin negative lens, and high angle scattered light 92 is then broadcast being reflected to substrate relaying and resume,
Avoid secondary imaging.Micro- tooth-shape structure and the appropriate optical glue of thin negative lens generally use, are such as matched with refractive index of substrate
Ultraviolet glue carry out glued because the mismatch of refractive index can cause the failure of optical thin film 93, the light of wide-angle can not be ensured
Wave energy is all reflected back in substrate.After light 91 enters thin negative lens, and then it will be refracted into air.Light
During from optically denser medium to optically thinner medium, for incidence angle in the range of 0~30 °, the transmissivity of light wave is usually 95%, and remaining 5%
Light-wave energy will be reflected back toward in optically denser medium.This 5% reflecting light into picture original image can be caused it is serious
Interference, it is that certain increasing plated film is generally deposited in this in the beam projecting face of thin negative lens, to reduce the influence of reflection light.
Figure 10 is that the tooth form of diopter correction of the present invention inlays the beam projecting of thin negative lens in planar waveguide optical device
Transmittance graph before and after face plating anti-reflection film.When incident angle be 20 °, be as shown in Figure 10 A the beam projecting face of thin negative lens
Transmittance graph during non-anti-reflection coated, it can be seen that the transmissivity of all light of the wave-length coverage in 430~680nm is T
=95%, remaining 5% energy, which will return to substrate relaying and resume, to be broadcast.When these light are reflected into thin negative lens again
When middle, secondary imaging will result in.Transmissivity when being the beam projecting face plating anti-reflection film of thin negative lens as shown in Figure 10 B is bent
Line, it can be seen that the transmissivity of all light is T in whole wave-length coverage>99%, the remaining light-wave energy pair less than 1%
The influence very little of human eye, can be ignored.
Figure 11 is that the tooth form of diopter correction of the present invention inlays planar waveguide optical device eye-observation schematic diagram.Show light
The light wave that a point S is sent on the axle of source enters coupling-in face by the collimation of collimation lens, flat by being reflected in for input face
Total reflection propagation is carried out in the optical waveguide substrates of face, is eventually arrived in micro- tooth-shape structure, passes through micro- tooth-shape structure and the work of thin negative lens
With entering eventually into the observer visual field.In order to better illustrate the operation principle of device, given with specific device instance parameter
Predetermined amount explanation.In planar wave design, the determination of relevant parameter is generally carried out using axial principal ray as reference ray, it is specific to close
System is as follows：
Hp=4.0mm
Wherein, Hp is the slab guide substrate thickness of optics of the present invention.The rapidoprint of this device is based on PMMA.
PMMA materials have the small huge advantage of density, it is contemplated that in order to extend the observation visual field of observer, the thickness of device and micro- tooth
The length of shape structure should have certain requirement.Slab guide thickness it is too small by cause light can not primary event complete visual field expansion
Exhibition, while increase the difficulty of processing technology.On the other hand the length of micro- tooth-shape structure is too short, necessarily causes the number of miniature small tooth
Amount is reduced, and these two aspects will all influence coupling output and the complexity of technique of light, and the thickness for this for device must
Weight and a light coupling output must be taken into account to design.
β=30 °
Wherein, β is reflecting surface Ref-surfWith substrate lower surface Sur-bottomAngle, it is contemplated that axial principal ray vertical incidence
Into after substrate, after reflecting surface Ref-surf reflection, it is likely that by substrate ground Sur-bottomReflection after again
Secondary and reflecting surface Ref-surfMeet, therefore above-mentioned parameter value can avoid the secondary of light from meeting.
αSur=2 β=60 °
Wherein, αSurIt is axial principal ray and substrate top surface Sur-upThe angle of normal.For αSurIt must assure that and be more than plane
The cirtical angle of total reflection of the substrate of waveguide material, otherwise the information of image will cause largely to lose due to the refraction of light.
The PMMA materials cirtical angle of total reflection is 42.2o, αSur=60 °>42.2 meet design requirement.
Lray=32.7mm
Wherein, Lray is that physics of the coupling-in face drift angle to micro- tooth-shape structure close to coupling-in face position is grown
Degree, in order to avoid influence of the veiling glare to image quality, typically by increasing Lray length, makes veiling glare in communication process
Couple and be output to outside substrate because angle of reflection is less than critical angle.It is general to require：
Lray>3Hp*tan(αSur)
It can be given determine by the parameter of planar waveguiding structure accordingly for the angle parameter of micro- tooth-shape structure：
βt-1=βt-2=βt-3=αSur=60 °
βref-t=βt-2=60 °
βsurf-t=βref-t=60 °
βbottom=βsurf-t=60o
Ht=0.87mm
Lt=20.5mm
Tw=0.8mm
Wherein, Ht is the integral thickness of tooth-shape structure, in order that after light enters substrate, can also after being reflected by toothed surface
Continue to propagate and return in planar substrate, certain thickness is generally kept between miniature small tooth and the bottom surface of micro- tooth-shape structure, but
It is the unnecessary too big increase for otherwise easily causing tooth-shape structure overall volume of thickness.Lt is the entire length of micro- tooth-shape structure, Lt
Length is determined generally to determine according to axial principal ray primary event, that is, required：
Lt>2Hp*tan(αSur)
Tw is the width of micro- tooth-shape structure, and Tw numerical value can not be excessively too small, and the diffraction effect of light wave otherwise will occur, and is broken
The basic demand of geometric optics design is broken, in order to avoid the appearance of above-mentioned phenomenon, usual Tw selected value should be greater than imaging
Wavelength dimension, such as 600um, to avoid strong diffraction effect caused by micro- tooth-shape structure, and influence imaging effect.
Selection for thin negative lens, on the one hand will consider lateral dimension, on the other hand need to consider the numerical value of diopter,
Because thin negative lens needs and micro- tooth-shape structure are glued, therefore：
L-W=Lt=20.5mm
F=200 degree
Wherein, L-W is the transverse width of thin negative lens, and F is the dioptric optical value of thin negative lens.
The lateral length that planar waveguide optical device is inlayed for tooth form of the present invention can be chosen according to corresponding application, not have
Fixed ratio.Furthermore lateral dimension will not have any impact for optical design.The selection of above-mentioned parameter is to be based on main shaft
Light also meets to require accordingly come what is designed and choose for the incident light of other angles.
Figure 12 is that the tooth form of diopter correction of the present invention inlays the simple eye application schematic diagram of planar waveguide optical device.Wherein
120 be display controller, and 121 be connection display controller and the connecting line of display light source, and 122 be carrying display light source and collimation
The mirror holder of lens, 123 be display light source, and 124 be collimation lens, and 125 be slab guide substrate, and 126 be micro- tooth-shape structure, 117
For the thin negative lens of diopter correction.Its groundwork process is：Display controller 120 sends corresponding display information, shows light
Source 123 is blazed abroad information by the form of light wave after receiving display information, by collimating transparent 124 collimation, by light wave
It is coupled into slab guide substrate 125, light wave is transferred to the position where micro- tooth-shape structure 126 in slab guide substrate
Put, be coupled in thin negative lens 127 and carry out diopter correction, be and then refracted into the visual field of observer.By this hair
Bright component is used for wearable display, on the one hand can realize that viewing needs the pictorial information that shows in real time, on the other hand due to
The component of the present invention can also be observed that outside without the entrance for stopping external scene light completely using special diaphragm
The change of scenery.Waveguide device can be separately added on the two sides of common spectacles frame according further to specific requirement, shown for 3D
Show., will not be in weight when thus be accordingly used in eyes wearing display because the present invention have chosen the less PMMA optical plastics of density
Uncomfortable sensation is caused to wearer.
Embodiment acts on and effect：
The tooth form for the diopter correction that the present embodiment provides is inlayed in planar waveguide optical device under micro- tooth-shape structure
Surface is coated with optical thin film using the mode of dichroic spin coating, the light of large angle incidence is completely returned to lining
Bottom, on the other hand the light of low-angle is emitted tooth-shape structure lower surface completely again, avoid observation image and ghost image occur,
Improve the contrast of image again simultaneously.
The tooth form for the diopter correction that the present embodiment provides, which is inlayed in planar waveguide optical device, is correcting thin negative lens
Beam projecting face is coated with anti-reflection film, avoids secondary imaging, ensure that the definition of final observation image.
The tooth form for the diopter correction that the present embodiment provides inlays planar waveguide optical device midplane optical waveguide substrates, micro- tooth
Shape structure and thin negative lens use the less PMMA optical plastics of density so that the lighter weight of whole system, add pendant
Comfort level when wearer uses.
The tooth form for the diopter correction that the present embodiment provides is inlayed not to be had to use special light in planar waveguide optical device
Door screen stops the entrance of external scene light completely, and therefore, efficient coupling that the present embodiment provides, compact-sized tooth form are inlayed flat
When face waveguide optical devices are incorporated in wearable display, the pictorial information for needing to show can be not only watched in real time, can also be seen
Examine the change of outside scenery.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of tooth form of diopter correction inlays planar waveguide optical device, include successively：
Display light source, for sending the display light wave of image needed for display；
Collimation lens, the light wave that display light source is sent is collimated；
Coupling-in face, collimated light waves are coupled into slab guide；
Slab guide substrate, reflection is carried out to the light wave being coupled into and propagates formation total reflection light wave；
Micro- tooth-shape structure, coupling output is carried out to total reflection light wave；
Thin negative lens, is corrected to diopter,
Wherein, collimation lens is arranged between display light source and slab guide substrate, and micro- tooth-shape structure is arranged on plane wave guide bush
On one end side of the bottom away from display light source, it is appropriate to be respectively adopted between slab guide substrate and micro- tooth-shape structure and thin negative lens
Optical glue carry out it is glued；
The lower surface of micro- tooth-shape structure is coated with optical thin film with the method for dichroic spin coating.
2. optics according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Collimation lens uses single aspherical mirror, the effect of the Surface Machining of each small miniature small tooth of micro- tooth-shape structure to minute surface
Fruit, to cause surface roughness Ra to be less than the wavelength dimension of imaging.
3. optics according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Coupling-in face is coated with anti-reflection film, and the beam projecting face of thin negative lens is coated with anti-reflection film.
4. optics according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Wherein, physical length L ray and plane of the coupling-in face drift angle to micro- tooth-shape structure close to coupling-in face position
The thickness Hp and total reflection light wave and the angle α of substrate lower surface of optical waveguide substratesSurBetween meet following relations：
Lray>3Hp*tan(αSur)。
5. optics according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Wherein, the entire length Lt of the micro- tooth-shape structure and thickness Hp of slab guide substrate and total reflection light wave and substrate following table
Face angle αSurBetween meet following relations：
Lt>2Hp*tan(αSur)。
6. optics according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Wherein, the width Tw of single micro- tooth of micro- tooth-shape structure should be greater than the wavelength length of imaging.
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| JP7232182B2 (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2023-03-02 | マジック リープ， インコーポレイテッド | Method and system for high resolution digitized display |
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| CN107561633A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-01-09 | 南京理湃光电技术有限公司 | A kind of tooth form planar waveguide optical device of high coupling efficiency |
| CN108089254A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-05-29 | 上海渺视光学科技有限公司 | Augmented reality planar waveguide optical device with micro-structure |
| CN108490756B (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2022-03-25 | 北京理工大学 | Holographic display based on waveguide transmission |
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