CN104656259A - Conjugated narrow-band tri-phosphor staggered volume holographic grating waveguide near-to-eye optical display device - Google Patents
Conjugated narrow-band tri-phosphor staggered volume holographic grating waveguide near-to-eye optical display device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104656259A CN104656259A CN201510061159.9A CN201510061159A CN104656259A CN 104656259 A CN104656259 A CN 104656259A CN 201510061159 A CN201510061159 A CN 201510061159A CN 104656259 A CN104656259 A CN 104656259A
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B27/0103—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising holographic elements
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0112—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for genereting colour display
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0123—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the field of view
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Abstract
The invention provides a conjugated narrow-band tri-phosphor staggered volume holographic grating waveguide near-to-eye optical display device. The device comprises an image display light source which is used for providing image information to be viewed, a P&S photo-conversion component which is used for converting P light and S light, a collimating lens group which is used for collimating light wave, a PBS component which is used for the polarizing beam-splitting of light wave, a beam-splitting selecting component which is used for uniformly spreading the light wave on a coupling input surface; a conjugated tri-phosphor staggered coupling input volume holographic grating which is used for dispersing incident ray and totally reflecting and transmitting the ray inside the substrate, a light-guide transmitting substrate which is used for totally reflecting and transmitting the light wave, and a conjugated tri-phosphor staggered coupling output volume holographic grating which is used for coupling the dispersed incident ray in sequence and outputting the ray to the outside of the substrate. The device has the advantages of full color, ultra-thinness, large field angle and simplicity in process and implementation, and can be applied to the damage-free display of a mobile screen, the display of a terminal, the scene teaching instruction for a doctor, the real-time information positioning for fire fighting, 3D game and other fields.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the nearly optics of the eye display device of volume holographic grating waveguide that a kind of nearly optics of the eye display device, particularly a kind of conjugation arrowband three primary colours are staggered.
Background technology
Need the information browsed increasing in current life, just occur thereupon various can by the mode of information centralized displaying.But the information displaying amount of these equipment is limited, and can cause damage to the health of people, especially can cause the infringement that cannot make up to the eyesight of beholder.Therefore, in order to concentrate easily to the protection enriched numerous and diverse image information and grasp, analyze and guarantee beholder's eyesight, nearly optics of the eye display system is as arising at the historic moment by the perfect wearable display part embodying above-mentioned aim.In order to the theory of augmented reality and liberation both hands can be embodied, wear image information is presented at human eye front by optical display device virtually a distance by optical element, facilitate wearer can observe the change of surrounding scenes thus can not impact the normal behavior of wearer while browsing information like this.For this reason for the wearable optical display device of real enhancement mode, usually require that display system has full-color, Large visual angle and frivolous effect.Previous nearly eye display technique has also to be had based on planar waveguiding structure based on grating waveguide structure, both technology concept and realize difficulty there is very large difference.Based on the nearly optics of the eye display technique of grating waveguide structure, good effect can be reached in the expansion of the volume and weight of waveguide and visual field, but large multi-scheme all rests in monochromatic reveal competence at present, main cause is for full-color display, due to the bandwidth of the spectrum of three primary light source own and the restriction of grating technological level, cause the mutual crosstalk of final Show Color, the image information of needs viewing cannot be shown clearly.But for monochrome display, the interference of other two kinds of colors can be neglected, therefore there is good display effect, but which also limits the widespread use of the nearly eye display technique of grating.And based on the display technique of planar waveguiding structure, mainly adopt 45 ° of reflective modes to realize at present, although full-color image information can be reproduced, a well balance cannot be obtained in the volume and weight of waveguide display and the expansion of visual field.
Full-color, frivolous, Large visual angle, cramped construction and the display of high-resolution image are this type of nearly optics of the eye system key issues urgently to be resolved hurrily always for this reason, and wherein the thickness of crucial display optics, weight and Large visual angle are particularly important.In some application, the contrast of image and the size of observing field range directly have influence on the judgement of the safety of personnel and the integrality of information, and the overall weight of display system all has a great impact for the comfort level of the personnel of wearing simultaneously.
The series of problems that display optical system weight and visual field and color cross-talk etc. bring is dressed in order to solve tradition, a kind of display technique scheme is provided in the US Patent No. 7736006B2 of Micro Vision company of U.S. application, this scheme utilizes polarization substrate to realize the conversion of optical polarization, allow the S light catoptric imaging of wide-angle, low-angle P light is completely through reflecting surface, the shortcoming of this kind of scheme is owing to adopting wide-angle S light reflected P Transmission light, cause reflective output face too small and be unfavorable for the expansion of visual field in the projected area of substrate floor, increase the difficulty of design simultaneously, and then cause the thickness of device cannot be lightening.US Patent No. 20100260455 adopts micro-broached-tooth design, make the display visual field of device obtain expansion, but the thickness of overall device does not reduce, moreover the cosmetic look of the entirety of device is bad, and the comfort brought to wearer is not enough.In US Patent No. 7021777, the method of light conductive plates is adopted to achieve the expansion of display device visual field and the lightening of display device, but to implement difficulty in the specific design and processes of device very large for technical scheme in this, moreover limited for the spreading range of display visual field, these factors cause device to be unfavorable for large-scale production.Although the nearly optics of the eye display system of slab guide mentioned of above-mentioned patent makes moderate progress in the expansion of weight, volume and visual field, in diopter adjustment on there is no substantial change.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem, the invention provides the nearly optics of the eye display device of volume holographic grating waveguide that a kind of conjugation arrowband three primary colours are staggered.
In order to achieve the above object, present invention employs following technical scheme:
The nearly optics of the eye display device of volume holographic grating waveguide that conjugation arrowband three primary colours are staggered, is characterized in that: comprise successively: image display light source, for providing the image information for observing; P & S light Transformation cassette, for realizing the mutual conversion of P polarized light and S polarized light; Collimation lens set, for collimating light wave; PBS polarization spectro assembly, for carrying out polarization spectro to the light wave from image display light source; Assembly is selected in light splitting, covers equably on coupling-in face to make light wave; Conjugation three primary colours are staggered to be coupled and input volume holographic grating, for disperseing incident ray and enabling light transmit in guide-lighting transferring substrate inside with the condition of satisfied total reflection; Guide-lighting transferring substrate, propagates for carrying out total reflection to light wave; Conjugation three primary colours are staggered coupling output volume holographic grating, for the incident ray of dispersion in order coupling output to outside guide-lighting transferring substrate.Wherein image display light source is positioned at the right side of guide-lighting transferring substrate, PBS polarization spectro assembly is positioned at the below of display light source, a P & S light Transformation cassette is respectively had in the below of polarization spectro assembly and right, thereafter a collimation lens set is respectively had, P & S light splitting selects assembly to be then positioned at the left side of polarization spectro assembly, and be staggered coupling input volume holographic grating and coupling output volume holographic grating of conjugation three primary colours is then positioned at the input and output position of guide-lighting transferring substrate.The present invention mainly adopts the staggered reflective volume holographic grating of three primary colours of conjugate lens picture placement and the realization of the guide-lighting substrate of plane.Its basic functional principle is that the light of image display light source enters in PBS polarization spectro assembly, first the S light from light source passes through the reflection of polarization spectro assembly and the conversion of P & S light Transformation cassette, make S light become P light and enter collimation lens set, then through the collimated reflected of collimation lens set, from light Transformation cassette, S light is become P light again, then the direct reflecting surface through PBS polarization spectro assembly enters light splitting and selects assembly.For the P light from light source then the direct reflecting surface through PBS polarization spectro assembly enter in P & S light Transformation cassette, make P light become S light through the conversion of Transformation cassette and enter collimation lens set, then through the collimated reflected of collimation lens set, from Transformation cassette, P light is become S light again, the reflection through PBS polarization spectro assembly reflecting surface enters into light splitting selection assembly.The half-reflection and half-transmission of assembly is selected to make the conjugation three primary colours that cover of the uniform light of self-focus lens to be staggered in coupling input volume holographic grating by light splitting, input volume holographic grating then can disperse incident ray and light is transmitted in guide-lighting transferring substrate inside with the condition of satisfied total reflection, after transmission certain distance, light can arrive conjugation three primary colours and to be staggered coupling output volume holographic grating, and coupling output volume holographic grating can the incident ray coupling output of dispersion to outside guide-lighting transferring substrate.Two volume holographic gratings have identical space periodic, and are made up of same microstructure spectrum groupware periodic arrangement, and wherein each microstructure is all made up of the RGB Volume Bragg grating that the cycle is different and the arrangement of one-tenth order.Carrying out dispersion to the three look narrow-band spectrum entered according to the arrangement of microstructure by adopting volume holographic grating makes it in guide-lighting substrate, be transferred to coupling output body grating place, because coupling output body grating and coupling input grating are that conjugation is placed, therefore can re-start combination to the light of dispersion, make it according to the direction be coupled into again coupling output to outside substrate.
The nearly optics of the eye display device of waveguide provided by the invention, also has following features: PBS polarization spectro assembly can make S polarized light launch at reflecting surface place, and makes the complete transmission of P polarized light.
The nearly optics of the eye display device of waveguide provided by the invention, also has following features: P & S light splitting selects assembly to have the character of half-reflection and half-transmission.
The nearly optics of the eye display device of waveguide provided by the invention, also there is following features: coupling input volume holographic grating and coupling output volume holographic grating have identical space periodic, and periodically rearrange by identical microstructure spectrum groupware, each microstructure is all made up of the RGB Volume Bragg grating that the cycle is different.
The nearly optics of the eye display device of waveguide provided by the invention, also has following features: coupling input volume holographic grating and coupling output volume holographic grating are placed on the input and output position of guide-lighting transferring substrate with the position of conjugate lens picture.
The nearly optics of the eye display device of waveguide provided by the invention, also there is following features: the interval between composition coupling input and the microstructure of coupling output volume holographic grating and the interval between each R, G, B body grating of composition microstructure all should be greater than the wavelength dimension of imaging, to avoid color cross-talk, the final resolution of observing image of impact.
Compared with existing optical display device, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows that full-color, ultra-thin, Large visual angle angle, optical texture and processing technology are simple and easy to realize, imaging system reduces much than common imaging guides system in volume and weight simultaneously.Under identical volume, imaging system field angle of the present invention is larger, and manufacturing process is more simple, cost is cheaper, and it is compacter, small and exquisite that the present invention simultaneously compares traditional imaging system structure.Optical display device of the present invention can be used for the numerous areas such as the harmless display of mobile screen human eye, terminating machine display, the guidance of doctor's on-the-spot teaching, fire-fighting and rescue real-time information location, 3D game.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the nearly optics of the eye display device of volume holographic grating waveguide that conjugation arrowband of the present invention three primary colours are interlocked;
Fig. 2 is RGB overlapping holographic grating planar waveguide optical device schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is that RGB is separated holographic grating planar waveguide optical device schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is 45 ° of planar waveguide optical display device schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is the volume holographic grating structural representation of the nearly optics of the eye display device of volume holographic grating waveguide that conjugation arrowband of the present invention three primary colours are interlocked;
Fig. 6 is the volume holographic grating microstructure schematic diagram of the nearly optics of the eye display device of volume holographic grating waveguide that conjugation arrowband of the present invention three primary colours are interlocked;
Fig. 7 is the input and output grating conjugation schematic diagram of the nearly optics of the eye display device of volume holographic grating waveguide that conjugation arrowband of the present invention three primary colours are interlocked;
Fig. 8 is the collimating structure schematic diagram of the nearly optics of the eye display device of volume holographic grating waveguide that conjugation arrowband of the present invention three primary colours are interlocked;
Fig. 9 is the structural parameters schematic diagram of the nearly optics of the eye display device of volume holographic grating waveguide that conjugation arrowband of the present invention three primary colours are interlocked; And
Figure 10 is that the intelligence of the nearly optics of the eye display device of volume holographic grating waveguide that conjugation arrowband of the present invention three primary colours are interlocked dresses binocular application schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, specific works process of the present invention is described.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the nearly optics of the eye display device of volume holographic grating waveguide that conjugation arrowband of the present invention three primary colours are interlocked.As shown in Figure 1, system of the present invention composition comprises image display light source 10, P & S light Transformation cassette 11, and assembly 14 selected by collimation lens set 12, PBS polarization spectro assembly 13, light splitting, conjugation three primary colours are staggered coupling input volume holographic grating 15, guide-lighting transferring substrate 16, conjugation three primary colours are staggered coupling output volume holographic grating 17.The light of image display light source 10 enters PBS polarization spectro assembly 13, first the S light from light source passes through the reflection of polarization spectro assembly 13 and the conversion of P & S light Transformation cassette 11, make S light become P light and enter collimation lens set 12, then through the collimated reflected of collimation lens set 12, from light Transformation cassette 11, S light is become P light again, then the direct reflecting surface through PBS polarization spectro assembly 14 enters light splitting and selects assembly 14.Enter in P & S light Transformation cassette 11 for the P light from light source is then direct through PBS polarization spectro assembly 13 reflecting surface, make P light become S light through the conversion of Transformation cassette 11 and enter collimation lens set 12, then through the collimated reflected of collimation lens set 12, from Transformation cassette 11, P light is become S light again, the reflection through PBS polarization spectro assembly 13 reflecting surface enters into light splitting selection assembly 14.The half-reflection and half-transmission of assembly 14 is selected to make the conjugation three primary colours that cover of the uniform light of self-focus lens to be staggered in coupling input volume holographic grating 15 by light splitting, input volume holographic grating 15 can disperse incident ray and light is transmitted in guide-lighting transferring substrate 16 inside with the condition of satisfied total reflection, after transmission certain distance, light can arrive conjugation three primary colours and to be staggered coupling output volume holographic grating 17, and coupling output volume holographic grating 17 can the incident ray coupling output of dispersion to outside guide-lighting transferring substrate 16.Two volume holographic gratings have identical space periodic, and are made up of same microstructure spectrum groupware periodic arrangement, and wherein each microstructure is all made up of the RGB Volume Bragg grating that the cycle is different and the arrangement of one-tenth order.Carrying out dispersion to the three look narrow-band spectrum entered according to the arrangement of microstructure by adopting volume holographic grating makes it in guide-lighting substrate, be transferred to coupling output body grating place, because coupling output body grating and coupling input grating are that conjugation is placed, therefore can re-start combination to the light of dispersion, make it according to the direction be coupled into again coupling output to outside substrate.
The nearly optics of the eye display device of volume holographic grating waveguide that conjugation arrowband of the present invention three primary colours are interlocked is made up of eight parts, can expand accordingly each ingredient of the present invention for embody rule, thus improve the potentiality of this device in embody rule further, give corresponding illustrative explanation for the effect of eight parts in the present invention below:
Image display light source 10 is mainly used in providing the image information for observing.For nearly optics of the eye display device, consider the weight of integral display system, volume and enrich fine and smooth image information to provide to observer, usually adopting microminiaturized display chip to provide image information.For the present invention, in order to avoid because RGB tri-look causes color cross-talk being staggered in volume holographic as much as possible, the three primary colours monochromaticity therefore for display light source requires higher, and the display source namely adopting bandwidth narrower is as image display light source.The miniature sizes image display light source of current main flow has Lcos, LCD, OLED etc.Due to the difference of embody rule scene, it is made to be tending towards microminiaturized in order to be optimized the structure of integral display system on volume, consider the homogeneity of light source each point brightness simultaneously, export the factors such as the restriction of light efficiency, brightness requirement and resolution and size, the light source that usual selection volume is suitable, brightness uniformity, resolution are high as the display light source of micro display system, as Lcos.For liquid crystal on silicon Lcos, the marked difference that its resolution of dissimilar display chip exists, such as with its resolution of micro-display screen of the CS-Lcos series of size usually above CF-Lcos series, but the design of CS-Lcos light engine is compared CF-Lcos and wanted complicated and large many with structural volume, therefore must need to select according to concrete application and technology.Moreover due to liquid crystal on silicon adopt be reflective illumination to realize image display, therefore can choose the light source of the good LED light source of monochromaticity as illuminator, like this can fundamentally to the monochromaticity improving display source.For requiring higher display environment; the monochromaticity of light source can be further improved by increasing optical filter; consider that the polarization state of the light wave that different display systems is launched is different simultaneously; in order to the requirement of diffraction efficiency, optical design and Film Design etc. can be met; usual meeting before display light source with polaroid, for change from the light wave of display system polarization state and improve the monochromaticity of display light source.
P & S light Transformation cassette 11 is for realizing the mutual conversion of P polarized light and S polarized light.For from the P light of PBS assembly or S light, in order to ensure after the collimation of collimation lens can the expedite reflecting surface through PBS assembly or by the reflective surface of PBS assembly, therefore need the transition components of corresponding P light and S light if half-wave plate is to realize this function.Because half-wave plate can change accordingly to the direction of vibration of the polarized light through wave plate, thus can make P light and S light that corresponding conversion occurs.
Collimation lens set 12 mainly collimates light wave.For the use of collimation lens set of the present invention, to make light according to the requirement transmission of design on the one hand, thus ensure the quality of final display image, be then on the other hand because wearing in display application, human eye is final graphical information receptacle, therefore needs to process to reach the actual requirement that human eye freely loosens viewing to the light wave from image display light source.In order to realize this effect, usually optical spherical lens is utilized to collimate the light wave that display light source sends, but due to the existence of optical aberration, as astigmatism, distortion, the curvature of field, coma etc., image contrast after single lens is caused seriously to reduce, collimation lens is needed to require to carry out strict aberration correction according to application for this reason, to reaching finally desirable imaging effect, otherwise the final resolution of light optic system can be affected, picture quality when causing human eye directly to be observed changes, human eye is made cannot clearly to watch good image information.Common spherical mirror is when aberration correction, the different lens combination different with local curvature of usual employing several pieces of refractive indexes is corrected, this increases virtually making the weight and volume of entire system, usually adopts the method for aspheric mirror and spherical mirror combination to complete the rectification of aberration for this reason.Because single aspheric mirror just eliminates a certain of aberration when correcting aberration, thus the integral frame of the system of giving and weight bring very large benefit, moreover in view of the development of contemporary optics process technology, free form surface technology has also been introduced in aberration correction, therefore can realize traditional optical requirement microminiaturized on volume in conjunction with free form surface technology.
PBS polarization spectro assembly 13 is for carrying out polarization spectro to the light wave from image display light source.In order to make device of the present invention operationally, ensureing that the track of light carries out according to concrete optical design requirements, therefore needing to carry out polarization spectro to the light wave from image display light source.PBS polarization spectro assembly 12 can make the break-even complete transmission of P light wave, and reflects accordingly S light wave.Make by utilizing PBS spectrum groupware can collimate according to corresponding designing requirement respectively from the S light of light source and P light, the utilization factor of energy of light source and the difficulty of simplified design can be improved like this, the monochromaticity entering guide-lighting substrate polarized light can be improved further simultaneously.
Light splitting selects the purposes of assembly 14 to be to make light wave cover equably on coupling-in face.P & S light splitting selects assembly 14 can be made up of a PBS assembly and 45 ° of internal reflection prisms, or 45 ° of spectrum groupware and internal reflection prism composition, and concrete selection needs to decide according to the polarization state of light source.If light source is the light source of non-linear polarization, because the energy of P light and S light is equal, PBS assembly and 45 ° of reflecting prism compositions can be adopted, if light source is linearly polarized light light source, 45 ° of spectrum groupware and internal reflection prism composition must be adopted, can remain that light-wave energy distributes uniformly at coupling-in face like this, the image planes brightness disproportionation one of final output image can not be caused or cause showing the appearance of image image planes dark space.
Conjugation three primary colours are staggered coupling input grating 15 for disperseing incident ray and enabling light transmit in guide-lighting transferring substrate inside with the condition of satisfied total reflection.For the light from colimated light system, owing to directly entering after Wave guide system, the angle of itself and waveguide surface level normal is low-angle acute angle, causes to transmit in guide-lighting transferring substrate.In order to carry out propagating the position arriving and need to export in the waveguide, what therefore need corresponding mode to make light meet total reflection condition makes it loss-freely in guide-lighting substrate transmit.Reflective volume holographic grating, owing to having a point light action, can make the light meeting Bragg condition be able to light splitting, thus makes it meet transmitting in guide-lighting substrate of total reflection condition.
The rapidoprint of guide-lighting transferring substrate 16 has a variety of, and as glass material JGS1, JGS2, K9, BK7 etc., plastic material has PET, PMMA etc.Due to refractive index, the abbe number difference of often kind of material, cause the transmitance of the cirtical angle of total reflection, material, absorption coefficient and vary in weight.Consider the restriction of practical application condition and processing technology, need to select according to specific requirement.The condition of demand fulfillment total reflection when light wave is propagated in the substrate, to ensure that light does not reflect substrate, the absorption of material to light-wave energy itself should be reduced as far as possible simultaneously, otherwise a large amount of light-wave energies can be made to lose and the visibility of effect diagram picture and contrast in transmitting procedure.Planar substrate material itself limits the scope of the image transmitted in the substrate in addition, in order to expand the scope of transmitting image, usually plate the rete of certain reflectivity according to demand at substrate surface or select the glass material of high index of refraction, give certain expansion to the angle of total reflection of material.For this reason, the optical material possessing appropriate index, transmitance and mechanical property selected usually by the material of slab guide substrate, as plastics acrylic PMMA.And plastics acrylic PMMA(n
d=1.49) the cirtical angle of total reflection is 42.2o, higher than general K9 glass (n
d=1.52) cirtical angle of total reflection 41.8o, the in addition lighter in weight of PMMA, for K9 glass and the PMMA plastics of equal volume, the weight of PMMA is the half of K9 glass, and this advantage can be used for alleviating the weight of dressing display application equipment.
Conjugation three primary colours be staggered coupling output volume holographic grating 17 dispersion incident ray in order coupling output to outside guide-lighting transferring substrate.The light transmitted in guide-lighting substrate is through the light after the light splitting of coupling input volume holographic grating, it meets the propagation of total reflection condition in guide-lighting substrate, in order to its coupling output can be made to outside substrate, and ensure the quality of image, what the present invention adopted conjugation to place has the volume holographic grating in same space cycle as coupling output assembly, corresponding compensation can be given to the aberration that coupling input volume holographic grating causes, thus ensure that the quality of final display image to the full extent.Moreover due to transmission ray only can diffraction in corresponding RGB volume holographic unit in output holographic grating, therefore the light not reaching diffraction conditions continues to propagate in the waveguide to carry out re-diffraction, thus effective output aperture of light is obtained greatly expand, further expand the field range of observing, enable observer obtain full detail from display source.
The job step of the nearly optics of the eye display device of volume holographic grating waveguide that conjugation arrowband of the present invention three primary colours are interlocked and exemplary application:
Fig. 2 is RGB overlapping holographic grating planar waveguide optical device schematic diagram.As shown in Figure 2, based on the nearly optics of the eye display device of the reflective volume holographic grating of one of RGB tri-volume holographic grating superpositions, its coupling input grating group Input-Gratings is formed by stacking in the vertical direction successively by three volume holographic gratings.Be topmost the volume holographic grating R-I to arrowband ruddiness light splitting, centre is the volume holographic grating B-I to blue light light splitting, and bottom is the volume holographic grating G-I to green glow light splitting.In order to three volume holographic gratings can be made to carry out light splitting to RGB light respectively, reduce the crosstalk between color as much as possible, the screen periods of three volume holographic gratings is all different simultaneously.What in guide-lighting substrate, meet total reflection condition through the light of light splitting according to set path propagates into coupling output volume holographic grating group Output-Gratings place.Coupling output volume holographic grating group is mutually be formed by stacking successively in the vertical direction by three volume holographic gratings equally, topmost the volume holographic grating R-O to arrowband ruddiness light splitting, centre is the volume holographic grating B-O to blue light light splitting, and bottom is the volume holographic grating G-O to green glow light splitting.The cycle of three gratings is identical with the screen periods of coupling input grating group, and difference is that coupling input grating group and coupling output grating composition conjugate lens picture are placed.Therefore enter R, G, B light of coupling output volume holographic grating group through coupling output grating diffration through guide-lighting substrate transport, keep the space distribution identical with coupling input radiation direction to be output to outside guide-lighting substrate.Although such scheme can realize full-color image information display, due to the respective difference in RGB volume holographic grating cycle, cause light to be coupled the hologram layer diffraction of input and output to different colours, will the appearance of ghost image be caused like this.In fig. 2, light Ghost-B and Ghost-B, due to when coupling output, is coupled by adjacent volume holographic grating, thus causes deviate from the original direction of propagation when exporting, and have impact on final image displaying quality.This kind of reflective volume holographic grating technology is to a great extent due to the superiority of scheme itself, and make the crosstalk of color obtain restriction, but complicacy is higher in realization for this kind of technology, manufacturing process difficulty is larger.
Fig. 3 is that RGB is separated holographic grating planar waveguide optical device schematic diagram.As shown in Figure 3, three transmission-type volume holographic optical display device R-HOE, B-HOE, R-HOE be separated are adopted can to realize individual transmission arrowband image display information.Transmit in guide-lighting substrate R-HOE from light R-source satisfied total reflection under the effect of R-I volume holographic grating in ruddiness display source, coupling projectile holographic grating R-O place is arrived by transmission, through the diffraction of volume holographic grating, be coupled and export substrate R-HOE.Similar, from the light G-source in green glow display source be transmitted under G-O volume holographic grating and the effect of G-O Volume Holographic Grating Diffraction respectively output to outside substrate G-HOE and B-HOE from the light in blue light display source.Due to this kind of scheme employing is transmission-type volume holographic grating, the Volume Holographic Grating Diffraction bandwidth causing diffraction bandwidth ratio reflective is larger, therefore color cross-talk is obvious, and then cause final image information contrast and resolution poor, but this scheme is simpler than reflective volume holographic grating in technique.
Fig. 4 is 45 ° of planar waveguide optical display device schematic diagram.As shown in Figure 4,45 ° of traditional planar waveguide optical display devices are primarily of coupling-in face Surf
-input, the guide-lighting substrate upper and lower surface Surf1 and Surf2, the coupling-out face Surf that are parallel to each other
-outputcomposition.Identical with the direction in space of coupling output in order to ensure the direction in space of coupling input light, each parameter of display system need meet some requirements, as follows:
β
-145=45°
Wherein, β
-145for coupling-in face Surf
-inputwith the angle of substrate lower surface Surf2.
β
-245=45°
Wherein, β
-245for coupling-out face Surf
-outputwith the angle of substrate top surface Surf1.
After entering substrate from the light beam 40 of the same object point of display light source, through coupling-in face Surf
-inputreflection, make the angle of light 40 and substrate top surface normal be greater than the cirtical angle of total reflection, thus continue in the substrate with reflection form transmission.Light beam arrives coupling-out face Surf through transmission in the substrate
-output, through coupling output reflecting surface Surf
-outputreflection, a part of light according to the requirement of optical design reflect substrate formed imaging beam 41, a part of light refraction go out optical waveguide substrates be formed into picture light beam 42.Although light beam 41 and light beam 42 produce after being the light beam catadioptric from same object point, but through the reflection of output face, the direction in space of light beam 41 and 42 occurs with symmetric form, becomes the light that two, space object point sends, and causes the appearance of ghost and affects the sharpness of original image.Moreover observe visual field to expand, need the thickness H-45 increasing guide-lighting substrate to realize, this increases causing the overall weight of display system, needs to adopt new visual field expansion structure mode to substitute, with the weight of mitigation system for this reason.
Fig. 5 is the volume holographic grating structural representation of the nearly optics of the eye display device of volume holographic grating waveguide that conjugation arrowband of the present invention three primary colours are interlocked.As shown in Figure 5,50 is the volume holographic grating floor map arranged the stagger cycle, and volume holographic grating is repeated to form by microstructure 52.The three primary colours stagger cycle volume holographic grating 51 of arrangement is made up of eight microstructures, and each microstructure 52 is made up of RGB micro unit.Form new periodicity secondary between the structural unit caused in order to avoid the distance between microstructure unit is narrow and divide light action, the general wavelength dimension keeping the distance between microstructure should be greater than imaging, as 200um.By keeping this gap, secondary light splitting both can be avoided to cause the problem of color cross-talk, the feasibility of fabrication design can also have been improved.
Fig. 6 is the volume holographic grating microstructure schematic diagram of the nearly optics of the eye display device of volume holographic grating waveguide that conjugation arrowband of the present invention three primary colours are interlocked.Volume holographic reflective gratings structure of the present invention adopts the arrangement of microstructure unit repeatability to form, and each microstructure is staggered by RGB microbody holographic grating unit and forms.In Fig. 6, Micro-unit is a microstructure unit figure, and in figure, microstructure is made up of the RGB micro unit volume holographic grating structure that three groups of cycles are different.60 is an enlarged drawing of volume holographic grating microstructure, and can find out that microstructure is made up of tactic rgb light grid, wherein R-VBG grating is mainly used in carrying out light splitting to the ruddiness from display light source, the periods lambda of R-VBG volume holographic grating for this reason
-Rbragg condition should be met namely with the centre wavelength in ruddiness display source:
λ
Red＝2n（Λ
-R）sinθ
For G-VBG grating, be mainly used in carrying out light splitting to the green glow from display light source, therefore its diffraction periods lambda
-Gthe necessary Bragg condition of centre wavelength in source is shown namely with green glow:
λ
Green＝2n（Λ
-G）sinθ
For B-VBG grating, be mainly used in carrying out light splitting to the blue light from display light source, therefore its periods lambda
-Bwith blue light display source centre wavelength too must Bragg condition namely:
λ
Blue＝2n（Λ
-B）sinθ
Wherein, θ is the Bragg angle satisfied condition, and n is the refractive index of grating material.For the rgb light line of identical Prague incidence angle θ, due to the difference of central wavelength lambda, in order to ensure the identical of the later angle of diffraction of its diffraction, in microstructure, the cycle of each R, G, B volume holographic grating is different for this reason.Thus can light splitting be carried out to the rgb light line from collimator assembly when meeting Bragg condition.Moreover meet formula below due to angle of diffraction and incident angle and Bragg angle:
θ＝（θ
s－θ
r）／2
Wherein, θ
rfor the incident angle of light, θ
sfor the angle of diffraction of diffracted ray.Therefore for the rgb light line with identical incident angle, by making the difference in the RGB volume holographic grating cycle in its microstructure, the identical of angle of diffraction can be ensured, and then ensure that diffracted ray can meet the propagation of the condition of being all-trans in guide-lighting substrate interior.For the diffraction light wave meeting Bragg condition, its light at the reflection angle of guide-lighting substrate interior is:
θ
c＝180°－θ
s
Wherein, θ
cfor diffracted ray is at the reflection angle of substrate interior, θ
charmless transmitting in substrate interior under the condition of the substrate cirtical angle of total reflection.By making the arrangement of microstructure repeatability, and the RGB volume holographic grating design coupling input and output volume holographic grating that microstructure portion adopts the cycle different, avoiding color cross-talk there has been very large improvement on the one hand, come from RGB holographic grating in microstructure periodically to arrange, rgb light line probability diffracted in other holographic structure is reduced, compare the complicacy of the manufacturing process that previously superposition grating causes on the other hand, in microstructure, the volume holographic structure of RGB cycle staggering arrangement makes manufacture craft obtain very large simplification.Moreover in order to avoid due to the color cross-talk owing to too closely causing light splitting to cause between R, G, B volume holographic grating group in microstructure unit, therefore require that R, G, B volume holographic grating group interval Λ-Λ should be greater than the wavelength dimension of imaging, as 100um apart.
Fig. 7 is the input and output grating conjugation schematic diagram of the nearly optics of the eye display device of volume holographic grating waveguide that conjugation arrowband of the present invention three primary colours are interlocked.In order to ensure the visual field that can be output to guide-lighting substrate exterior and expansion observation after the light of input diffraction is propagated in the waveguide accurately, give certain compensation for the aberration introduced by coupling input volume holographic grating simultaneously, to such an extent as to improve the display quality of image, present invention employs and there is the repeated conjugated body holographic grating arranged of microstructure RGB respectively as input and output structure.As shown in Figure 7,70 is coupling input volume holographic grating microstructure enlarged diagram, and 71 is coupling output volume holographic grating microstructure enlarged diagram.As seen from the figure, the coupling input microstructure unit 72 of volume holographic grating and the microstructure unit 73 of coupling output volume holographic grating are that conjugate lens picture is placed, in coupling input microstructure unit, RGB volume holographic grating unit becomes RGB to arrange, in coupling output microstructure unit, become BGR to arrange.Rgb light line R-i-ray, G-i-ray, B-i-ray light from colimated light system is entered respectively in the microstructure unit 72 of coupling input volume holographic grating 70, through the diffraction of corresponding RGB volume holographic grating, make it meet total reflection condition and enter transmission in guide-lighting substrate.Transmitted by the light path of certain distance, light R-i-ray, G-i-ray, B-i-ray light enters conjugate lens respectively as in the microstructure unit 73 of coupling output volume holographic grating 71, through the diffraction again of corresponding RGB volume holographic grating, light R-o-ray, B-o-ray, G-o-ray keeps and coupling input light R-i-ray, G-i-ray, B-i-ray isospace direction be output to outside guide-lighting substrate, therefore the Space Consistency that fundamentally ensure that input and output radiation direction placed by the conjugate lens picture of coupling input volume holographic grating and coupling output volume holographic grating.For the above-mentioned light wave that can meet direct diffraction, can by the diffraction of coupling output volume holographic grating, the light that can not meet diffraction conditions continues transmission in the substrate and carries out re-diffraction.In Fig. 7, from light B-i-ray and B-i-ray-1 of light source through the diffraction of overcoupling input volume holographic grating B volume holographic grating group, its carrying out satisfied condition in the substrate is propagated.In coupling output volume holographic grating, because first light B-i-ray meets with B volume holographic grating, therefore meet diffraction conditions diffracted go out substrate, and light B-i-ray-1 does not have and light B-i-ray diffraction in same B grating group, therefore continue to spread out of in coupling output volume holographic grating, until meet with B volume holographic grating diffraction formation light B-o-ray-1 occurs, thus expand effective output aperture of light, make observation visual field obtain expansion, ensure that observer can observe the complete image information from display source.
Fig. 8 is the collimating structure schematic diagram of the nearly optics of the eye display device of volume holographic grating waveguide that conjugation arrowband of the present invention three primary colours are interlocked.For the present invention, the polarization state due to light wave is different and then cause the diffraction efficiency of coupling input light different, therefore must carry out to the polarization state of the light wave be coupled into the effect that strict differentiation has reached the best.The light source being master for S light is necessary that carrying out corresponding process makes its polarization state reach better, therefore the structure shown in right figure in Fig. 8 is adopted, light from light source S-Source enters after in PBS polarization spectro assembly 86, by PBS assembly 86, directly reflection and half-wave plate 85 meet light S-Beam, because half-wave plate 85 can make the direction of vibration of polarized light change, thus make S light become P light, P light becomes S light through the collimation of collimation lens 84 and reflection and is entered in half-wave plate by reflection, the reflecting surface becoming P light and PBS from S light again meets, because PBS can ensure that P light is transmitted, therefore the P light be collimated directly enters light splitting and selects in assembly 87.Selected the half-reflection and half-transmission effect of assembly by light splitting, make the light P-Beam-1 of the P light of output cover coupling-in face surface uniformly, thus ensure that the homogeneity of final coupling output image image planes brightness.Similar is that main same necessity of light source carries out processing accordingly making its polarization state reach better for P light, therefore the structure shown in left figure in Fig. 8, light from light source P-Source enters after in PBS polarization spectro assembly 82, light P-Beam is met by the direct transmission of PBS spectrum groupware and half-wave plate 80, because half-wave plate 80 can make the direction of vibration of polarized light change, thus make P light become S light, S light becomes P light through the collimation of collimation lens 81 and reflection and is entered in half-wave plate by reflection, the reflecting surface becoming S light and PBS from P light again meets, because PBS can ensure that S light is reflected, therefore the S light be collimated directly enters light splitting and selects in assembly 83.Selected the half-reflection and half-transmission effect of assembly by light splitting, make the light S-Beam-1 of the S light of output cover coupling-in face surface uniformly, thus ensure that the homogeneity of final coupling output image image planes brightness.
Fig. 9 is the structural parameters schematic diagram of the nearly optics of the eye display device of volume holographic grating waveguide that conjugation arrowband of the present invention three primary colours are interlocked.In order to ensure that the distribution of coupling input and output light on direction in space is consistent and can carries out the compensation rectification of aberration, therefore the dependency structure parameter of RGB volume holographic grating and guide-lighting substrate should meet some requirements, thus ensures the quality of output image to the full extent.In the present invention in order to make each structural parameters meet corresponding requirement, carry out the determination of each parameter axle to be put the axial principal ray that sends for reference ray, therefore the corresponding relation of each parameter is:
β
-TR= θ
c
Link
-Distance= 2N(WG
-Height*tan(β
-TR))
W
-HOE=2*W
-45
Wherein, β
-TRfor the angle of axial principal ray and guide-lighting substrate floor normal, WG
-Heightfor the thickness of guide-lighting substrate, Link
-Distancefor the distance between coupling input volume holographic grating left end and coupling output volume holographic grating right-hand member, W
-45for the width of assembly single component is selected in light splitting, W
-HOEfor the length of coupling input volume holographic grating.N is positive integer, its value desirable 1,2 etc.
In order to further illustrate the course of work of the nearly optics of the eye display device of conjugation arrowband three primary colours of the present invention staggered volume holographic grating waveguide, give corresponding explanation with actual parameter distance:
Adopt good R, G, BLED light source of monochromaticity to the illumination of Lcos micro-display, the peak wavelength of its LED light source is respectively 640nm, 525nm, 450nm.Due to the restriction of the guide-lighting substrate cirtical angle of total reflection, the field angle choosing input is 20 °, the refractive index n=1.51 of grating, Bragg angle θ=48 °, β
-TR=50 °, N=4, WG
-Height=1.4mm, W
-HOE=20mm then
Link
-Distance = 13.34mm
W
-45= 10mm
The line density of R volume holographic grating is: the line density of 3529lp/mm, G volume holographic grating is: the line density of 4310lp/mm, G volume holographic grating is: 4716lp/mm.To be staggered holographic grating waveguide with above-mentioned parameter designing conjugation arrowband three primary colours, thus the lower virtual display optics of approximate 75 inches at 3m place of color cross-talk can be realized.
Figure 10 is that the intelligence of the nearly optics of the eye display device of volume holographic grating waveguide that conjugation arrowband of the present invention three primary colours are interlocked dresses binocular application schematic diagram.As shown in Figure 10, image display source and PBS polarization spectro assembly are all installed in mirror holder 100, simplify the volume of wearable device so on the whole.It is made to transmit in guide-lighting substrate by image light waves being coupled in waveguide by the holographic grating 101 that is staggered at waveguide-coupled input end, finally utilize at coupling output position 102 place the holographic grating that is staggered to make its coupling output to outside guide-lighting substrate, thus exaggerated image information can be observed.By assembly of the present invention is used for wearable display, can watch in real time on the one hand and need Showing Picture of display, simultaneously because assembly of the present invention does not adopt special diaphragm to stop entering of external scene light completely, the change of outside scenery therefore can also be observed.Moreover waveguide device can be added respectively on the two sides of common spectacles frame according to concrete requirement, show for eyes 3D.
The effect of embodiment and effect:
Owing to not adopting special diaphragm in the embodiment of the present invention, therefore can watch in real time on the one hand and need Showing Picture of display, the change of outside scenery can also be observed on the other hand.
Assembly is selected owing to have employed P & S light splitting in the embodiment of the present invention, light-wave energy can be kept to distribute uniformly at coupling-in face, the image planes brightness disproportionation one of final output image can not be caused or cause showing the appearance of image image planes dark space.
Owing to have employed the coupling input with the same space cycle and the coupling output volume holographic grating of the placement of conjugate lens picture in the embodiment of the present invention, therefore can realize the full-color observation of image and expand the field range of observing image.
Claims (6)
1. the nearly optics of the eye display device of volume holographic grating waveguide that conjugation arrowband three primary colours are staggered, comprises successively:
Image display light source, for providing the image information for observing;
P & S light Transformation cassette, for realizing the mutual conversion of P polarized light and S polarized light;
Collimation lens set, for collimating light wave;
PBS polarization spectro assembly, for carrying out polarization spectro to the light wave from image display light source;
Assembly is selected in light splitting, covers equably on coupling-in face to make light wave;
Conjugation three primary colours are staggered to be coupled and input volume holographic grating, for disperseing incident ray and enabling light transmit in guide-lighting transferring substrate inside with the condition of satisfied total reflection;
Guide-lighting transferring substrate, propagates for carrying out total reflection to light wave;
Conjugation three primary colours are staggered coupling output volume holographic grating, for the incident ray of dispersion in order coupling output to outside guide-lighting transferring substrate;
Wherein, image display light source is positioned at the right side of guide-lighting transferring substrate, PBS polarization spectro assembly is positioned at the below of display light source, a P & S light Transformation cassette is respectively had in the below of polarization spectro assembly and right, thereafter a collimation lens set is respectively had, P & S light splitting selects assembly to be then positioned at the left side of polarization spectro assembly, and be staggered coupling input volume holographic grating and coupling output volume holographic grating of conjugation three primary colours is then positioned at the input and output position of guide-lighting transferring substrate.
2. optical display device according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
PBS polarization spectro assembly can make S polarized light launch at reflecting surface place, and makes the complete transmission of P polarized light.
3. optical display device according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
P & S light splitting selects assembly to have the character of half-reflection and half-transmission.
4. optical display device according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Coupling input volume holographic grating and coupling output volume holographic grating have identical space periodic, and periodically rearrange by identical microstructure spectrum groupware, and each microstructure is all made up of the RGB Volume Bragg grating that the cycle is different.
5. optical display device according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Coupling input volume holographic grating and coupling output volume holographic grating are placed on the input and output position of guide-lighting transferring substrate with the position of conjugate lens picture.
6. optical display device according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Interval between composition coupling input and the microstructure of coupling output volume holographic grating and the interval between each R, G, B body grating of composition microstructure all should be greater than the wavelength dimension of imaging, to avoid color cross-talk, the final resolution of observing image of impact.
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