CN104316180B - Based on two optical frequency com optical imaging methods of continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers - Google Patents
Based on two optical frequency com optical imaging methods of continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of two optical frequency com optical imaging methods based on continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers, two optical frequency com seed sources are locked on stable extraneous atomic clock by repetition rate control module by this optical imaging method, simultaneously, by the interaction of continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers and two optical frequency com seed source Output of lasers, the electrical signal carrying light comb frequency instability is extracted, and this signal is carried out RF signal power distribution and process, its part is directly used in the laserresonator characteristic of feedback control two optical frequency com seed sources, with the output carrier envelope phase frequency of stabilization of semiconductor laser apparatus, the periodicity interference spectum signal that another part is used for combing imaging system generation with two light carries out mixing, the frequency drift amount that light is combed system further balances out, thus the measuring accuracy of hand control whole pair of light comb imaging system is entered from two aspects, realize fast, the relevant imaging of light comb of super-resolution.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of ultrafast laser, it is specifically related to a kind of two optical frequency com optical imaging methods based on continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers.
Background technology
The development of optical microphotograph imaging technique is long-standing, with the mankind, microcosm is explored the intensification of degree and constantly improves. As far back as B.C. century, people just find to utilize water droplet observe object be exaggerated after picture. The spatial resolving power of traditional optical imaging system is subject to the restriction of diffraction limit, in general, the spatial resolution of optical imagery system diffraction restriction is about the half of detection optical wavelength, and for being less than the object detail of this imaging ultimate value, conventional optical systems is by helpless. Enter the eighties, the resolving power of imaging can be advanced to the precision of nanometer scale by the appearance of non-optical class Scanning Probe Microscopy particularly atomic force microscope, but these microtechniques or penetration depth are very little, or the information of body surface can only be provided, and there is the problem such as system architecture complexity, image checking environmental requirement harshness in varying degrees. Along with the development of laser technology is with ripe, the instrument that this has good coherency, directivity and energy density by laser applies to optical microphotograph imaging, important optical information (such as polarization state, specific refractory power, spectrum etc.) can be provided for living body biological sample, and carry out non-invasi living organisms detection. Wherein, emerging in recent years femtosecond laser frequency comb (being called for short light comb) directly as light source, can apply to nonlinear optics imaging process. Its non-linear effect that can be used for optical imagery is a lot, as: two-photon absorption, second harmonic (SHG), triple-frequency harmonics (THG), coherent anti-stokes raman scattering (CARS), Kerr effect etc.
On the other hand, in order to build time domain and frequency domain has the femtosecond laser frequency comb of high frequency stability degree concurrently, need to by the repetition rate signal of the output pulse sequence of Mode-locked laser device (f r ) and carrier envelope phase frequency signal (f ceo ) locking, namely ensure that every root comb of frequency comb and the interval of comb are stablized, and entirety is not drifted about in frequency field. Wherein, the repetition rate signal of light comb be can the electrical signal of direct detection, by its standard signal mixing with atomic clock control, and feedback control laser chamber is long, can realize light comb repetition rate and lock. But, detection and the control process of the light comb carrier envelope phase drift frequency produced due to the difference of group velocity and phase velocity in pulse propagation process are comparatively complicated, usually need the output light to light comb to carry out power magnification and spectrum exhibition width, then adopt conllinear or non-co-line stylef-2fSelf-reference optical system carries out optical frequency-doubling and optics closes bundle beat frequency, carrier envelope phase drifts about frequency abstraction out. And in this process above-mentioned, dispersion property and the polarization state of paired pulses is not only needed to carry out good control, and the phase matched degree of the temperature of nonlinear crystal, whole optical system, the Adjustment precision of light path and stability are proposed high requirement, these are undoubtedly for the application of optical frequency com technology brings disadvantageous effect.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to according to above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art part, a kind of two optical frequency com optical imaging methods based on continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers are provided, two optical frequency com seed sources are locked on stable extraneous atomic clock by repetition rate control module by this optical imaging method, simultaneously, by the interaction of continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers and two optical frequency com seed source Output of lasers, the electrical signal carrying light comb frequency instability is extracted, and this signal is carried out RF signal power distribution and process, its part is directly used in the laserresonator characteristic of feedback control two optical frequency com seed sources, with the output carrier envelope phase frequency of stabilization of semiconductor laser apparatus, the periodicity interference spectum signal that another part is used for combing imaging system generation with two light carries out mixing, the frequency drift amount that light is combed system further balances out, thus the measuring accuracy of hand control whole pair of light comb imaging system is entered from two aspects, realize fast, the relevant imaging of light comb of super-resolution.
The object of the invention realizes completing by following technical scheme:
A kind of two optical frequency com optical imaging methods based on continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers, relate to two optical frequency com seed sources, it is characterised in that described optical imaging method comprises the steps: the respective Output of laser of two described optical frequency com seed sources is divided into three tunnels;
The first via, the Output of laser of two described optical frequency com seed sources enter respectively frequency control module with by the repetition rate semaphore lock of described optical frequency com seed source on extraneous atomic clock;
2nd tunnel, the Output of laser of two described optical frequency com seed sources and the Output of laser of continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers generation module carry out beat frequency in sharp Frequency Stabilized Lasers continuously with two light comb interaction module, produce the close beat frequency signal of two frequencies and filter to take out to do difference frequently, obtain radiofrequency signalf - ; By RF signal power distribution with processing module by described radiofrequency signalf - It is divided into three equivalent road signalsf 1 ��f 2 Withf 3 Signal, wherein said signalf 1 Withf 2 Feed back to the electrooptic modulator in two described optical frequency com seed sources and semiconductor laser respectively, to stablize the carrier envelope phase frequency of two described optical frequency com seed source Output of lasers, described signalf 3 It is enlarged into signal through frequency multipliernf 3 After enter sample data Acquire and process module;
3rd tunnel, is incident to testing sample using the Output of laser of wherein first described optical frequency com seed source as detection light, using the Output of laser of the wherein the 2nd described optical frequency com seed source as with reference to light and described detection photo-beat frequency to obtain interference spectum signalf i ; Described interference spectum signalf i Enter afterwards in described sample data Acquire and process module with described signalnf 3 Carry out mixing to offset frequency instability, obtain spectral signalf signal , and to described spectral signalf signal Carry out pointwise reduction, it is achieved the optical imagery of described testing sample.
The Output of laser frequency of two described optical frequency com seed sources is respectivelyf comb1 =nf rep +f ceo With f comb2 =n(f rep +��f rep )+f ceo �� , wherein f rep It it is the repetition rate of first described optical frequency com seed source,��f rep It is the small difference of the repetition rate of the 2nd described optical frequency com seed source and first described optical frequency com seed source,f ceo Withf ceo �� Represent the carrier envelope phase drift frequency of first described optical frequency com seed source and the 2nd described optical frequency com seed source respectively.
The Output of laser of described continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers generation module refers to the single longitudinal mode laser of laser frequency live width in Hz magnitude.
It is provided with electrooptic modulator and semiconductor laser in laserresonator in described optical frequency com seed source; Described signalf 1 Acting on described electrooptic modulator after being converted to volts DS, the specific refractory power changing described electrooptic modulator is to adjust the chirp value of described laserresonator and compensates the amount of mismatch of its chamber length; Described signalf 2 Feeding back to described semiconductor laser, the electric current of semiconductor laser described in feedback control is with the noisiness of firm described laserresonator.
The frequency of described detection light isf comb1 =nf rep +f ceo , the frequency of described reference light is f comb2 =n(f rep +��f rep )+f ceo �� , described detection light and described reference light obtain after carrying out beat frequency being spaced apart �� f by a series of rep Radiofrequency signal composition described interference spectum signal f i ��
It is an advantage of the invention that:
1) can gathering the spectrum information in the wide frequency ranges produced by particle transition and high resolving power feature image based on two light comb optical imaging method with small repetition rate difference, its device speed of response is fast simultaneously, gathers high fast;
2) all spectral element of testing sample can be measured on a photodetector simultaneously, so that it is guaranteed that the consistence of spectrum; In addition, high-precision optical frequency comb ensure that reproducibility and the accuracy of wave number scale;
3) two optical frequency com systems needed for imaging can when without the need to accurately detecting pulse carrier envelope phase place signal, the frequency drift amount that light is combed system by continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers is transmitted out in the way of electrical signal, and control, thus largely on reduce complicacy and the maintenance difficulties of optical system, enhance compactedness and suitability that whole light is combed into picture device;
4) light comb presents multiple utility value with the electrical signal carrying light comb characteristic of continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers generation: the pumping electric current of its one side feedback control light comb seed source laser cavity and Electric optical modulation in intra-cavity device, the Output of laser characteristic of firm light comb light source, comb in imaging process the interference spectum signal obtained on the other hand with light and do mixing, offset the measuring error combed the frequency drift of system brought by light further; Whole imaging device is started with from multi-angle and be ensure that the high precision of imaging collection of illustrative plates exports;
5) pulse width of optical frequency com Output of laser is generally flying the second (10-15S) magnitude, exports it is even possible that obtain narrower pulse by the high-order dispersion of control laser, and this is equivalent to improve the precision of optical probe, is conducive to realizing super-resolution spectrographic detection and micro-imaging technique;
6) optical frequency com can realize frequency domain by elements such as photonic crystal fibers and expands so that it is output band has the scope covering ultraviolet, visible and infrared width such as grade; Two light comb imaging system can make full use of this feature, multiple molecular vibration pattern in material molecule is made to obtain resonant check in the same moment, produce corresponding spectral signal, therefore carry out at the complex system that biosystem and other are contained multiple components that the process of non-intruding spectral matching factor and micro-imaging has significant advantage;
7) repetition rate of optical frequency com is generally at several hundred megahertzes (106Hz) to several lucky hertz (109Hz) magnitude, and it is exported pulse and usually can be reached the intensity of hundred watts of magnitudes by power amplifier; The ultrashort laser pulse with high-peak power and lower single pulse energy can reduce the photic damage to biological sample to greatest extent, meanwhile, the ultra-short pulse laser of high pulse repetition frequency can effectively meet the needs obtaining signal in imaging system fast.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is apparatus structure schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention one;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram carrying out Sample Scan imaging in the embodiment of the present invention two by the two light comb system of full fiber type;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram carrying out coherent anti-stokes raman scattering imaging in the embodiment of the present invention three by the two light comb system of semispace half optical-fiber type.
Embodiment
The feature of the present invention and other correlated characteristic are described in further detail by embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, so that the understanding of technician of the same trade:
Such as Fig. 1-3, figure marks 1-31 be respectively: optical frequency com seed source 1, optical frequency com seed source 2, repetition rate locking module 3, continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers generation module 4, continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers and two light comb interaction module 5, RF signal power distribution and processing module 6, frequency multiplier 7, two optical frequency com optical imagery module 8, sample data Acquire and process module 9, computer 10, optical fibre wavelength-division multiplex device 11, gain optical fiber 12, fiber optic isolator 13, optical fiber coupling output device 14, optical fiber polarization controller 15, optical motor Postponement module 16, polarization beam apparatus 17, dichroscope 18, scanning galvanometer 19, total reflective mirror 20, microcobjective 21, one dimension sample table 22, spatial band pass filter sheet 23, polarization beam apparatus 24 in chamber, half-wave plate 25 in chamber, tiltedly drape over one's shoulders 26, photonic crystal fiber 27, chirped mirror 28, space low frequency filtering sheet 29, three-dimensional sample platform 30, spatial high-frequency filter plate 31,
Wherein, LD represents semiconductor laser, PZT represents piezoelectric ceramics crystal, and EOM represents electrooptic modulator, and SESAM represents semiconductor saturable absorbing mirror;
In figure, solid line represents light and propagates route, represented by dotted arrows circuit transmission route.
Embodiment one: as shown in Figure 1, the present embodiment is specifically related to a kind of two optical frequency com optical imaging methods based on continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers, two light is combed seed source (i.e. optical frequency com seed source 1 and optical frequency com seed source 2) to be locked on extraneous stable atomic clock by repetition rate control module 3, simultaneously, the Output of laser of the continuous laser that continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers generation module 4 is produced by continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers and two light comb interaction module 5 and two-way optical frequency com seed source (i.e. optical frequency com seed source 1 and optical frequency com seed source 2) does beat frequency, the electrical signal carrying light comb frequency instability is extracted, and this signal is carried out RF signal power distribution and process, the laserresonator characteristic that its part is directly used in feedback control optical frequency com seed source, with the output carrier envelope phase frequency of stabilization of semiconductor laser apparatus LD, the periodicity that another part is used for producing with two optical frequency com optical imagery module 8 interferes signal to carry out mixing, frequency drift amount by two optical frequency com optical imagery module 8 balances out further, thus the measuring accuracy of hand control whole pair of optical frequency com optical imagery module 8 is entered from two aspects, realize fast, the relevant imaging of light comb of super-resolution.
As shown in Figure 1, two optical frequency com seed sources 1 and 2 are all the pulse laser occurring source by semiconductor laser LD pumping, and its laserresonator domestic demand has the piezoelectric ceramics crystal PZT and the electrooptic modulator EOM that can control dispersion property of adjustable chamber length. The gain media that the centre wavelength of two optical frequency com seed source 1,2 Output of lasers is decided by laserresonator, can select suitable seed source system according to testing sample basic optical response characteristic.
As shown in Figure 1, for meeting the requirement of system two light relevant optical imagery of comb, the repetition rate signal that two optical frequency com seed sources 1,2 need to be made to export pulse has small difference, and this difference is generally in hundred KHz to Hz magnitudes.
As shown in Figure 1, repetition rate locking module 3 has two optical frequency com seed sources 1, 2 output repetition rate signals are the accurate two independent phaselocked loop circuit of cover locked respectively, its respective working process is: detects light comb repetition rate signal by photodetector and does mixing by the standard signal triggered with extraneous atomic clock, obtain error signal, and feedback control light combs the piezoelectric ceramics crystal PZT in seed source after amplifying, thus the chamber locking laserresonator is long, thus control each optical frequency com seed source 1, the stability of 2 output pulses in time domain.
As shown in Figure 1, continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers generation module 4 is the stabilized reference that whole pair of light comb system provides frequency field, and its Output of laser carries out beat frequency and obtain the frequency drift information that light is combed by exporting light with two optical frequency com seed sources 1,2. In actual measuring process, light characteristic need to be exported according to optical frequency com and carry out the output wavelength of the continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers of choose reasonable and control its polarization state, with obtain high s/n ratio radiofrequency signal to control whole imaging system. Frequency Stabilized Lasers refers to the single longitudinal mode laser of laser frequency live width in Hz magnitude continuously herein, its generating unit (i.e. continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers generation module 4) is general by common continuous wave laser companion method Fabry-Perot-type cavity (F-P cavity), and utilize gain trace, the laser frequency stabilization system formed by reference frequency of the transition center frequency of atom own. Simultaneously, it is necessary to adopt the measures such as such as constant temperature, coefficient of expansion coupling, shockproof, sealing, regulated supply to carry out the passive type frequency stabilization of laser, ensure the frequency stability of continuous laser further so that it is become the frequency standard that two light combs system.
As shown in Figure 1, the Output of laser that continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers is two optical frequency com seed sources 1,2 with two light comb interaction module 5 carries out relevant beat frequency with this three roads optical signal of continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers, and acquisition carries the photoelectricity coupling apparatus of radiofrequency signal of optical frequency com carrier envelope phase drift information. It comprises the independent light comb of two covers and gets and the electricity component needed for difference frequency with the optical element needed for continuous laser beat frequency and the filter of beat frequency signal. The Output of laser that its main function is two the optical frequency com seed sources 1,2 beam splitting obtained does beat frequency with continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers respectively, and filter two the beat frequency signals getting during two light are combed the light comb comb and the generation of continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers that are positioned at same position and do mixing, the difference obtained signal frequentlyf - As RF signal power distribution and process. Owing to continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers provides reliable frequency standard, and the repetition rate of two optical frequency com seed sources 1,2 obtained precise hard_drawn tuhes, therefore obtainf - Namely signal has reacted the frequency unstable of two optical frequency com system caused by carrier envelope phase drift, that is the carrier envelope phase drift frequency of light comb is transmitted out with the form of radiofrequency signal.
As shown in Figure 1, RF signal power distribution is made up of electronic power divider with processing module 6, according to the bandwidth of the numerical value choose reasonable frequency divider of radiofrequency signal, to meet the high-speed response of system, need to suppress additional noise. The radiofrequency signal of input is divided into three tunnels by present method.
As shown in Figure 1, in the three road signals that RF signal power distribution and processing module 6 produce, one tunnel is used for the pump laser (i.e. semiconductor laser LD) of feedback control two optical frequency com seed sources 1,2, one tunnel is used for the electrooptic modulator EOM of feedback control two optical frequency com seed sources 1,2 laserresonator inside, one tunnel is used for and the sample signal mixing collected, and enters the frequency stability in the whole measuring apparatus of hand control from many aspects.
As shown in Figure 1, the interference spectum signal that the radiofrequency signal frequency range produced that interacts due to optical frequency com seed source and continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers not necessarily produces with optical frequency com optical imagery module 8 is in same frequency range, therefore need to use frequency multiplier that above-mentioned merit is divided one of the signal that obtains frequency multiplication, mixing can be done with interference spectum signal, just balance out the frequency instability of light comb system.
As shown in Figure 1, two optical frequency com optical imagery module 8 using two optical frequency com seed sources 1,2 Zhong mono-road light as detection light, another road light carries out sample topography detection as with reference to light, means of detection that can be different according to the different building structures of detection method, so that the optical information of sample is fully excited.
As shown in Figure 1, sample data Acquire and process module 9 comprises the elements such as balance detection device, data collecting card and weak signal analyzer, the mass data obtained in sample pointwise scanning process is extracted, obtain interference spectum signal, this interference spectum signal is through further noise processed, obtain final spectral signal, then this signals revivification is become sample topography information, it is achieved two light comb light spectrum image-forming.
As shown in Figure 1, computer 10 can coordinate the program of data processing process to run, it is possible to imaging process being embodied as visual by programming, thus light is combed into the Real-Time Monitoring of picture, the high speed of safeguards system effectively operates.
As shown in Figure 1, in the present embodiment, two optical frequency com optical imaging techniques do concrete steps based on continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers are as follows:
First, two optical frequency com seed sources 1,2 are regulated to be in good self-starting modelocking state, and its respective Output of laser is divided into three beams, wherein a part enters repetition rate locking module 3 through photodetector, it is locked on extraneous atomic clock by repetition rate signal precision light combed based on the electron servo feedback system of phaselocked loop, the light comb laser that another part beam splitting obtains is used for interacting with continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers, and the light comb laser that last part beam splitting obtains is used for producing light and is combed into image signal. The divided output frequency of two optical frequency com seed sources 1,2 with small repetition rate difference is notf comb1 =nf rep +f ceo Withf comb2 =n(f rep +��f rep )+f ceo �� , wherein,f rep It is the repetition rate of optical frequency com seed source 1,��f rep It is the small difference of described optical frequency com seed source 2 with the repetition rate of optical frequency com seed source 1,f ceo Withf ceo �� It it is the optical frequency frequency without locking.
Secondly, the output light of continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers and two optical frequency com seed sources 1,2 is concerned with beat frequency through continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers and two light comb interaction module 5, the beat frequency signal filter that two frequencies light comb comb and continuous laser that are positioned at same position produced are close is taken out and is done difference frequently, obtains radiofrequency signalf - , this signal reaction is above-mentionedf ceo Withf ceo �� Drift degree, and the optical frequency being difficult to measure is converted into the electricity frequency of convenient operation. Will by RF signal power distribution and processing module 6f - Signal is divided into three equivalent tunnelsf 1 ��f 2 Withf 3 Signal, controls light comb seed source Electric optical modulation in intra-cavity device EOM, semiconductor laser LD electric current and imaging system respectively and detects the sample spectral signals obtained.
Simultaneously, another part output light of optical frequency com seed source 1,2 enters in two optical frequency com optical imagery module 8 and carries out sample detection, the factors such as the chirping characteristics of conservative control optical frequency com seed source 1,2 Output of laser, spectral coverage, peak power and polarization state, the optical characteristics of testing sample is fully excited, by the precise rotation of mechanical scanning galvanometer or sample table, complete the point-to-point measurement process of sample, obtain the interference spectum signal of samplef i ��
Finally, will produce through frequency multiplier 7nf 3 Signal withf i Signal does mixing, offsets the error combed the carrier envelope phase frequency of non-locking brought to measurement by two light further, obtains final signalf signal Carry out pointwise reduction, pass through Computer display, it is achieved quick, the high resolution optical imaging of testing sample.
Embodiment two: be illustrated in figure 2 and adopt polarization rotation lock pattern full-optical-fiber laser as optical frequency com seed source, carries out the schematic diagram of two light comb Sample Scan imaging, and concrete steps are as follows:
(1) two optical frequency com seed source 1,2 all adopts full fiber type to adopt structure, with 980nm semiconductor laser LD as pumping source, enter in laserresonator by optical fibre wavelength-division multiplex device 11, single mode mix ytterbium gain optical fiber 12 as gain media, Fiber isolation device 13 ensures the Unidirectional of laser, piezoelectric ceramics crystal PZT is wound in chamber on single-mode fiber, and electrooptic modulator EOM adopts optical fiber type phase place and intensity modulator; Optical fiber polarization controller 15 in adjustment chamber, makes laser apparatus reach stable mode-locking state; Mode-locked laser is exported by optical fiber coupling output device 14.
(2) in repetition rate locking module 3, the light comb repetition rate signal detected by photodetector is by doing mixing with the standard signal of extraneous atomic clock triggering, obtain error signal to amplify, piezoelectric ceramics crystal PZT in feedback control optical frequency com seed source 1,2, thus lock each optical frequency com seed source and export the stability of pulse in time domain.
(3) based on all-fiber characteristic of optical frequency com seed source 1,2, continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers can also adopt all-fiber formula with the opticator of two light comb interaction module 5, the centre wavelength of choose reasonable optical coupler, fibre ribbon bandpass filter, makes the beat frequency signal of acquisition have higher signal to noise ratio; Electricity part need to select two pass bands close for frequency two beat frequency signals filters to be taken out in the bandpass filter of �� below 10MHz, then carries out mixing by frequency mixer, gets its difference signal frequentlyf - As the feedback control radiofrequency signal of system.
Optical fiber is converted into spatial light by the collimator of respective corresponding wave band by the part Output of laser of (4) two light combs, using the output light of optical frequency com seed source 1 as detection light, the output light of optical frequency com seed source 2 carries out two relevant imaging detection of light comb as with reference to light.
(5) the optical motor Postponement module 16 that first the output light of optical frequency com seed source 1 be made up of Gao Fanjing by, the effect of this module be adjustment detection light from output port to testing sample again to the length entering in the process of detector the space light path walked with reference light, namely ensure when the balanced detector arrived in sample data Acquire and process module 9, the light path that two-way laser experiences is consistent, to ensure that flashlight and reference light can realize beat frequency.
(6) it is divided into two bundles as the Output of laser of optical frequency com seed source 2 with reference to light by polarization beam apparatus 17, a branch of by dichroscope 18 and detection light together incident sample, another bundle directly enters detector, reference laser can as the molecular transition of pump light source excited sample in imaging process, non-linear effect in imaging process is completed smoothly, on the other hand in detection process, for obtaining interference spectum signal unified standard be can provide, Harmony and the confidence level of measuring result strengthened.
(7) close the reference laser restrainted through dichroscope 18 and first it is incident to scanning galvanometer 19 with detection laser, after total reflective mirror 20 reflects, by microcobjective group 21, the sample being positioned in a dimension sample table 22 is carried out light comb light spectrum image-forming again detect. By the motion scan of scanning galvanometer 19, obtain the structure of x-axis and y-axis in sample three-dimensional imaging figure, and make sample a bit carry out depth survey by optical frequency com every, namely obtain the z-axis information in three-dimensional imaging figure.
(8) laser after sample is by spatial band pass filter sheet 23, filters out stray light unrelated with signal in detection process, it is to increase the signal to noise ratio of interference spectum signal.
(9) in sample data Acquire and process module 9, detection light and the reference light through optically filtering is carried out balance detection, and carries out data gathering with corresponding high-speed data acquisition card, the interference spectum signal obtainedf i With the radiofrequency signal carrying light comb frequency jitter produced by frequency multiplier 7nf 3 Do mixing, to control the phase error of light comb system further, obtain having the signal of sample optical informationf signal . It is right to be completed by computer 10f signal The reduction of signal, with presenting, is measured and sample optical imagery to realize the two light comb spectrum information of high-resolution pointwise formula.
Embodiment three: be illustrated in figure 3 the semispace half optical-fiber type laser apparatus based on SESAM as optical frequency com seed source, carries out the schematic diagram of two light comb coherent anti-stokes raman scattering imaging, and concrete steps are as follows:
(1) two optical frequency com seed source 1,2 all adopts full fiber type to adopt structure, with 980nm semiconductor laser LD as pumping source, enter in laserresonator by optical fibre wavelength-division multiplex device 11, gain optical fiber 12 is as gain media, Fiber isolation device 13 ensures the Unidirectional of laser, and piezoelectric ceramics crystal PZT is wound in chamber on single-mode fiber.
(2) based on the semispace half optical fiber feature of laserresonator, the use of half-wave plate 25 in polarization beam apparatus 24 mating cavity in chamber, make the part laser exported from polarization beam apparatus 24 as the output port of optical frequency com seed source 1,2, another part laser is by freeboard electrooptic modulator EOM, right through tiltedly draping over one's shoulders again, be incident to semiconductor saturable absorbing mirror SESAM, wherein tiltedly drape over one's shoulders to effect be adjustment laserresonator dispersion property so that it is export ultrashort pulse. Choose reasonable semiconductor saturable absorbing mirror SESAM response wave band and modulation depth, make the mode-lock status that laserresonator reaches stable.
(3) due to the equal presentation space light output state of two optical frequency com seed sources 1,2, therefore use the beam splitter of corresponding wave band that light is combed light beam splitting. For every platform optical frequency com seed source, its Output of laser is at least divided into three beams, a branch of being used for is incident to repetition rate locking module 3, a branch of be used for entering continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers and interact with continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers with two light comb interaction modules 5, a branch of is in addition combed into picture as light.
(4) in repetition rate locking module 3, the light comb repetition rate signal detected by photodetector is by doing mixing with the standard signal of extraneous atomic clock triggering, obtain error signal to amplify, piezoelectric ceramics crystal PZT in feedback control light comb seed source, thus lock each optical frequency com and export the stability of pulse in time domain.
The spatial light output characteristic of seed source is combed based on light in the present embodiment, continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers can also adopt spatial form with the opticator of two light comb interaction module 5, it comprises closing restraints sheet, grating, aperture diaphragm, the convergence element such as lens and photodetector, adjust the luffing angle of each element, make the beat frequency signal of acquisition have higher signal to noise ratio; Electricity part need to select two pass bands close for frequency two beat frequency signals filters to be taken out in the bandpass filter of �� below 10MHz, then carries out mixing by frequency mixer, gets its difference signal frequentlyf - As the feedback control radiofrequency signal of system.
(5) by photonic crystal fiber 27 by wide for the Output of laser spectral range exhibition of optical frequency com seed source 1, the parameters such as the polarization state of laser of conservative control input photonic crystal fiber, peak power, pulse width so that the laser exported from photonic crystal fiber 27 obtains spectral range and covers visible to infrared relative broad range. Femtosecond pulse pump photon crystal optical fibre 27 produces super continuum light spectrum Laser output as pump light source, it is possible to realize having wider can the broad band CARS spectrographic detection of detecting light spectrum scope and micro-imaging technique simultaneously.
(6) the part laser obtained by optical frequency com seed source 1 beam splitting and the part laser obtained by optical frequency com seed source 2 beam splitting together incidence carry out two relevant imaging detection of light comb. Two-way laser closes bundle by the dichroscope 18 in space, reaches the overlap of light field in space, co-propagate.
(7) close the two-way light comb laser restrainted through dichroscope 18 and first it is incident to chirped mirror group 28 after total reflective mirror 20 reflects, the Output of laser that light is combed is carried out further dispersion management, compensate the 2nd order chromatic dispersion and high-order dispersion that produce by laserresonator and light comb power amplifier, photonic crystal fiber, make laser reach the output state of Ultra-short pulse, meet the requirement that high resolving power light is combed into picture.
(8) comb in the process of coherent anti-stokes raman scattering imaging at two light, pump light and the stokes light (detection light) become with the difference of sample Raman frequency shift by pump light frequency by conjunction with phase matched technology by mixing, laser produces the vibration polarization of frequency upper shift by third-order nonlinear susceptibility with medium interaction, sends coherent anti-stokes raman scattering signal. Therefore from the laser of chirped mirror 28 output first through space low frequency filtering sheet 29, the part laser filter being used for acquisition of signal in spectrum composition more complicated for optical frequency com is taken out, and by microcobjective 21, the sample being positioned on three-dimensional sample platform 30 is detected, laser after sample, by spatial high-frequency filter plate 31, obtains the coherent anti-stokes raman scattering signal of frequency upper shift to be detected.
(9) comb in optical imagery process at two light, moved by the three-dimensional space of three-dimensional sample platform 30, completing the pointwise to sample to scan, all anti-Stokess radiation produced by four-wave mixing in whole Sample Scan process carries out intensity superposition, constitutes interference spectum signalf i ��
(10) in sample data Acquire and process module 9, above-mentioned periodicity is interfered signalf i Carry out data gathering through corresponding high-speed data acquisition card, and carry, by what frequency multiplier 7 produced, the radiofrequency signal that light combs frequency jitternf 3 Do mixing, to control the phase error of light comb system further, obtain having the signal of sample optical informationf signal . It is right to be completed by computer 10f signal The reduction of signal, with presenting, combs coherent anti-stokes raman scattering imaging to realize the two light of pointwise formula. Method in the present embodiment is possible not only to for obtaining high resolving power molecular vibration spectrum and imaging, it is also possible to carry out the temperature and concentration test of sample.
Claims (4)
1. the two optical frequency com optical imaging methods based on continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers, relate to two optical frequency com seed sources, it is characterised in that described optical imaging method comprises the steps: the respective Output of laser of two described optical frequency com seed sources is divided into three tunnels; The Output of laser frequency of two described optical frequency com seed sources is respectivelyf comb1 =nf rep +f ceo With f comb2 =n(f rep +��f rep )+f ceo �� ,Whereinf rep It is the repetition rate of first described optical frequency com seed source,��f rep It is the small difference of the repetition rate of the 2nd described optical frequency com seed source and first described optical frequency com seed source,f ceo Withf ceo �� Represent the carrier envelope phase drift frequency of first described optical frequency com seed source and the 2nd described optical frequency com seed source respectively;
The first via, the Output of laser of two described optical frequency com seed sources enter respectively frequency control module with by the repetition rate semaphore lock of described optical frequency com seed source on extraneous atomic clock;
2nd tunnel, the Output of laser of two described optical frequency com seed sources and the Output of laser of continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers generation module carry out beat frequency in sharp Frequency Stabilized Lasers continuously with two light comb interaction module, produce the close beat frequency signal of two frequencies and filter to take out to do difference frequently, obtain radiofrequency signalf - ; By RF signal power distribution with processing module by described radiofrequency signalf - It is divided into three equivalent road signalsf 1 ��f 2 Withf 3 Signal, wherein said signalf 1 Withf 2 Feed back to the electrooptic modulator in two described optical frequency com seed sources and semiconductor laser respectively, to stablize the carrier envelope phase frequency of two described optical frequency com seed source Output of lasers, described signalf 3 It is enlarged into signal through frequency multipliernf 3 After enter sample data Acquire and process module;
3rd tunnel, is incident to testing sample using the Output of laser of wherein first described optical frequency com seed source as detection light, using the Output of laser of the wherein the 2nd described optical frequency com seed source as with reference to light and described detection photo-beat frequency to obtain interference spectum signalf i ; Described interference spectum signalf i Enter afterwards in described sample data Acquire and process module with described signalnf 3 Carry out mixing to offset frequency instability, obtain spectral signalf signal , and to described spectral signalf signal Carry out pointwise reduction, it is achieved the optical imagery of described testing sample.
2. a kind of two optical frequency com optical imaging methods based on continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the Output of laser of described continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers generation module refers to the single longitudinal mode laser of laser frequency live width in Hz magnitude.
3. a kind of two optical frequency com optical imaging methods based on continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be provided with electrooptic modulator and semiconductor laser in the laserresonator in described optical frequency com seed source; Described signalf 1 Acting on described electrooptic modulator after being converted to volts DS, the specific refractory power changing described electrooptic modulator is to adjust the chirp value of described laserresonator and compensates the amount of mismatch of its chamber length; Described signalf 2 Feeding back to described semiconductor laser, the electric current of semiconductor laser described in feedback control is with the noisiness of firm described laserresonator.
4. a kind of two optical frequency com optical imaging methods based on continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the frequency of described detection light isf comb1 =nf rep +f ceo ,The frequency of described reference light isf comb2 =n(f rep +��f rep )+f ceo �� ,Described detection light and described reference light obtain after carrying out beat frequency being spaced apart by a series of��f rep Radiofrequency signal composition described interference spectum signalf i ��
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