CN116722432A - Optical comb system based on ultra-stable laser source frequency reference and control method - Google Patents
Optical comb system based on ultra-stable laser source frequency reference and control method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/11—Mode locking; Q-switching; Other giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
- H01S3/1106—Mode locking
- H01S3/1112—Passive mode locking
- H01S3/1115—Passive mode locking using intracavity saturable absorbers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/094042—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a fibre laser
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/13—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
- H01S3/1304—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude by using an active reference, e.g. second laser, klystron or other standard frequency source
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Abstract
The application provides an optical comb system based on ultra-stable laser source frequency reference and a control method, wherein the system comprises the following components: the device comprises a mode-locked fiber laser, an optical power amplifier, a pulse width compressor, a spectrum stretcher and a first fiber coupler, wherein the mode-locked fiber laser, the optical power amplifier, the pulse width compressor, the spectrum stretcher and the first fiber coupler are connected in sequence, a first fiber loop and a second fiber loop which are connected with the output end of the first fiber coupler are respectively connected with the fiber coupler, a high-frequency photoelectric detector and a frequency-locking control assembly in sequence, and the input ends of the fiber couplers of the first fiber loop and the second fiber loop are respectively connected with a first ultrastable laser source and a second ultrastable laser source; the first and second ultra-stable laser sources have different optical frequencies, and are respectively used as frequency references to beat frequencies with one comb tooth of the optical frequency comb in the corresponding optical fiber loop, and the beat frequencies are lockedOn a frequency reference. The application does not need to detect carrier envelope deviation frequency f ceo The optical frequency comb with high precision and high stability can be obtained by the signal, and the operation is simple and convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of laser, and particularly relates to an optical comb system based on ultra-stable laser source frequency reference and a control method.
Background
The optical frequency comb (Optical Frequency Comb, OFC) is called an optical comb for short, and is a further important breakthrough in the technical field of laser after the advent of ultra-short pulse laser. In principle, the optical Frequency comb is represented by an optical Frequency sequence with equal Frequency intervals in a Frequency Domain (Frequency Domain), and is represented by an electromagnetic field oscillation envelope with a Time width in the magnitude of femtoseconds in a Time Domain (Time Domain), and the Frequency spectrum width of the optical Frequency sequence and the Time width of the electromagnetic field oscillation slow-variation envelope satisfy a fourier transform relationship. The optical frequency comb is equivalent to an optical frequency comprehensive generator, is the most effective tool for absolute optical frequency measurement so far, can accurately and simply link cesium atomic microwave frequency standard with optical frequency standard, provides a carrier for developing high-resolution, high-precision and high-accuracy frequency standard, and also provides an ideal research tool for scientific research directions of precise spectrum, astrophysics, quantum control and the like, and is gradually applied to the fields of optical frequency precise measurement, atomic ion transition energy level measurement, remote signal clock synchronization, satellite navigation and the like by people.
In recent years, due to the wide application of optical frequency comb technology, various ways have been developed to produce optical frequency combs of different properties. Femtosecond and picosecond lasers generated based on mode-locking technology are the most traditional and common optical frequency combs. Common optical frequency combs based on mode-locked lasers include titanium precious stone combs, all-solid state combs, fiber combs, and the like. Through long-term research and development, the traditional optical frequency comb is very mature in technical aspect, has excellent noise and frequency stability performance, and has been widely applied to various researches. In addition, under the push of nonlinear optics, the spectrum of the optical frequency comb has been expanded to terahertz, mid-infrared, visible light, extreme ultraviolet and other wave bands by taking the traditional optical frequency comb as a seed source.
However, conventional optical frequency combs based on mode-locked lasers still have some limitations: since mode-locked lasers require simultaneous locking of the repetition frequency f rep And offset frequency f ceo Wherein the repetition frequency f rep Easy to be advanced by fast photodiodeLine measurement, while deviation frequency f ceo Is significantly more difficult, which needs to be achieved by the f-2f technique: femtosecond pulses generated by a laser enter a Highly nonlinear Fiber (HNLF) after being optically amplified to realize octave spectrum expansion, long wavelength components in the spectrum are subjected to nonlinear crystal to realize frequency multiplication to obtain short wavelength frequency multiplication light, and the short wavelength components are subjected to beat frequency with corresponding short wavelength components in the original octave spectrum, so that a carrier phase frequency signal, namely a deviation frequency signal, is obtained.
As in the prior art patent literature: JP7116067B2 (optical frequency comb generator with carrier envelope offset frequency detection) has a relatively high technical implementation difficulty and a relatively complex device structure.
Therefore, there is an urgent need in the art to provide a technical solution of an optical frequency comb system and a control method with simple structure and low operation difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
For the prior art that adopts a mode-locked laser to repeat the frequency f rep And offset frequency f ceo Meanwhile, the technical problems of high implementation difficulty, poor operation convenience and complex device structure caused by the technical scheme of locking to obtain the optical frequency comb are solved, and the optical comb system and the control method based on the ultra-stable laser source frequency reference are provided.
In a preferred embodiment of the present application, an optical comb system based on an ultrastable laser source frequency reference is provided, the optical comb system includes: the device comprises a mode-locked fiber laser, an optical power amplifier, a pulse width compressor, a spectrum stretcher and a first fiber coupler which are connected in sequence in an optical coupling mode, wherein the output end of the first fiber coupler is connected with a first fiber loop and a second fiber loop;
the first optical fiber loop is sequentially connected with a second optical fiber coupler, a first high-frequency photoelectric detector and a first frequency locking control assembly, and the input end of the second optical fiber coupler is also connected with a first ultra-stable laser source;
the second optical fiber loop is sequentially connected with a third optical fiber coupler, a second high-frequency photoelectric detector and a second frequency locking control assembly, and the input end of the third optical fiber coupler is also connected with a second ultra-stable laser source;
the first ultra-stable laser source and the second ultra-stable laser source are different in optical frequency, and are respectively used as frequency references to beat frequencies with one comb tooth of the optical frequency comb in the optical fiber loop corresponding to each other, and the beat frequencies are locked on the frequency references.
Further, the first frequency locking control assembly comprises a first distributor, a first frequency discrimination phase discrimination unit, a first electric signal feeding unit and a first driving unit which are connected in sequence, and the second frequency locking control assembly comprises a second distributor, a second frequency discrimination phase discrimination unit, a second electric signal feeding unit and a second driving unit.
Further, the mode-locked fiber laser provides a mode-locked femtosecond laser pulse sequence; the optical power amplifier is optically coupled to the mode-locked fiber laser and configured to amplify a pulse peak-to-average power ratio of the mode-locked femtosecond laser pulse sequence; the pulse width compressor is optically coupled to the optical power amplifier and configured to temporally compress the sequence of mode-locked femtosecond laser pulses amplified by the optical power amplifier; the spectral stretcher is optically coupled to the pulse width compressor and configured to stretch a pulse duration of a sequence of mode-locked femtosecond laser pulses compressed by the pulse width compressor, the spectral stretcher stretching the spectrum by more than one octave.
Further, the resonant cavity structure of the mode-locked fiber laser is any one of a ring resonant cavity, a linear resonant cavity and a composite resonant cavity, the mode-locked fiber laser comprises a pumping source, a wavelength division multiplexer, a doped fiber, a saturable absorber and a frequency locking component, and the frequency locking component comprises slow piezoelectric ceramics and a fast electro-optic phase modulator.
Further, the first driving unit and the second driving unit can feed back electric control signals to the pumping source, the slow piezoelectric ceramics and the fast electro-optic phase modulator.
Further, the output end of the second optical fiber coupler is connected with the first high-frequency photoelectric detector to convert an optical beat frequency signal into an electric signal, the electric signal is divided into two paths by the first distributor, one path of electric signal is transmitted to the first frequency discrimination phase discrimination unit, an electric control signal generated by the first frequency discrimination phase discrimination unit is transmitted to the first electric signal feeding unit and the first driving unit, and the first driving unit controls the pumping source, the slow piezoelectric ceramic and the fast electro-optic phase modulator through the electric control signal to lock the beat frequency on the frequency reference of the first ultra-stable laser source.
Further, the output end of the third optical fiber coupler is connected with the second high-frequency photoelectric detector to convert an optical beat frequency signal into an electric signal, the electric signal is divided into two paths by the second distributor, one path of electric signal is transmitted to the second frequency discrimination and phase discrimination unit, an electric control signal generated by the second frequency discrimination and phase discrimination unit is transmitted to the second electric signal feeding unit and the second driving unit, and the second driving unit controls the pumping source, the slow piezoelectric ceramic and the fast electro-optic phase modulator through the electric control signal to lock the beat frequency on the frequency reference of the second ultra-stable laser source.
Further, the optical frequency of the second ultra-stable laser source is a multiple of the optical frequency of the first ultra-stable laser source.
In another preferred embodiment of the present application, an embodiment of the present application provides an optical comb control method based on an ultrastable laser source frequency reference, including the following steps:
step S1: outputting a mode-locked femtosecond laser pulse sequence by a mode-locked fiber laser, wherein the mode-locked femtosecond laser pulse sequence amplifies the peak-to-average power ratio of pulses by an optical power amplifier, the mode-locked femtosecond laser pulse sequence amplified by power is compressed by a pulse width compressor, the mode-locked femtosecond laser pulse sequence compressed by the compressor is stretched by more than one octave by a spectrum stretcher, and the stretched mode-locked femtosecond laser pulse sequence is input into a first fiber coupler;
step S2: the output end of the first optical fiber coupler transmits the frequency-doubled mode-locked femtosecond laser pulse sequence to the second optical fiber coupler and the third optical fiber coupler respectively through the first optical fiber loop and the second optical fiber loop, and simultaneously the input ends of the second optical fiber coupler and the third optical fiber coupler are respectively and optically connected with a first ultrastable laser source and a second ultrastable laser source with different optical frequencies;
step S3: the output ends of the second optical fiber coupler and the third optical fiber coupler are respectively connected with a first high-frequency photoelectric detector and a second high-frequency detector, the optical beat frequency signals of one comb tooth of the optical frequency comb of each optical fiber loop of the two ultra-stable laser sources are converted into electric signals, each electric signal is divided into two branch electric signals by a first distributor and a second distributor, one branch electric signal output by the first distributor and the second distributor is respectively transmitted to a first frequency discrimination phase discrimination unit and a second frequency discrimination phase discrimination unit, the signals generated by the first frequency discrimination phase discrimination unit and the second frequency discrimination phase discrimination unit are respectively transmitted to a first driving unit and a second driving unit through a first electric signal feeding unit and a second electric signal feeding unit, and the first driving unit and the second driving unit respectively control the pumping source, the slow piezoelectric ceramics and the fast electro-optic phase modulator according to the electric signals received by the first distributor and the second distributor, so that beat frequency is respectively locked on the frequency standard of the first ultra-stable laser sources and the second ultra-stable laser sources, and stable optical frequency is obtained.
Further, the optical frequency of the second ultra-stable laser source is a multiple of the optical frequency of the first ultra-stable laser source.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
1. the application adopts the first ultra-stable laser source and the second ultra-stable laser source which can provide extremely stable single-frequency laser signals as the reference sources of the frequency stability of the optical comb system, thereby providing guarantee for the accurate frequency locking of the optical frequency comb.
2. The application adopts the first and the second ultra-stable laser sources with different optical frequencies, the optical frequencies of the first and the second ultra-stable laser sources are respectively used as frequency references to beat frequencies with one comb tooth of the optical frequency comb in the optical fiber loop corresponding to each other, and the beat frequencies are locked on the frequency references, so that the optical frequency comb with high precision and high stability is obtained, and the operation is simple and convenient.
3. The application does not need to generate carrier envelope deviation frequency f by f-2f method ceo The signal does not need to use a device with a complex structure, so that the manufacturing cost of the optical comb system is reduced and the portability is improved while the stability of the optical frequency is improved.
Drawings
The above features, technical features, advantages and implementation thereof will be further described in the following detailed description of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings in a clearly understandable manner.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an optical comb system based on a frequency reference of an ultrastable laser source in one embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a mode-locked fiber laser in one embodiment of the application.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an optical comb control method based on a frequency reference of an ultrastable laser source according to another embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
Various aspects of the application are described in further detail below.
Unless defined or otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. In addition, any method and material similar or equivalent to those described may be used in the methods of the present application.
The terms are described below.
The term "or" as used herein includes the relationship of "and" unless specifically stated and defined otherwise. The sum corresponds to the boolean logic operator AND, the OR corresponds to the boolean logic operator OR, AND the AND is a subset of OR.
It will be understood that, although the terms "first," "second," etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. Thus, a first element could be termed a second element without departing from the teachings of the present inventive concept.
In the present application, the terms "comprising," "including," or "comprising" mean that the various ingredients may be used together in a mixture or composition of the present application. Thus, the term "consisting essentially of.
The terms "connected," "connected," and "connected" in this application are to be construed broadly, as they are, for example, fixedly connected or via an intermediary, in connection with one another, or in connection with one another, as they are in communication with one another, or in an interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise specifically indicated and defined. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
For example, if an element (or component) is referred to as being "on", "coupled" or "connected" to another element, it can be directly on, coupled or connected to the other element or one or more intervening elements may be present therebetween. Conversely, if the expressions "directly on," "directly with," coupled "and" directly with, "connected" are used herein, then no intervening elements are indicated. Other words used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted similarly, such as "between" and "directly between", "attached" and "directly attached", "adjacent" and "directly adjacent", and the like.
It should be further noted that the words "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings. The words "inner" and "outer" are used to refer to directions toward or away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component. It will be understood that these terms are used herein to describe one element, layer or region's relationship to another element, layer or region as illustrated in the figures. These terms should also encompass other orientations of the device in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures.
Other aspects of the application will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the disclosure herein.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description will explain the specific embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is evident that the drawings in the following description are only examples of the application, from which other drawings and other embodiments can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort.
It should also be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments merely illustrate the basic concept of the present application by way of illustration, and only the components related to the present application are shown in the drawings and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the form, number and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may be more complicated. For example, the thickness of elements in the drawings may be exaggerated for clarity.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present application realizes an optical comb system based on frequency reference of an ultrastable laser source, the optical comb system includes: the device comprises a mode-locked fiber laser 27, an optical power amplifier 11, a pulse width compressor 12, a spectrum stretcher 9 and a first fiber coupler 14 which are connected in sequence in an optical coupling mode, wherein the output end of the first fiber coupler 14 is connected with a first fiber loop and a second fiber loop;
the first optical fiber loop is sequentially connected with a second optical fiber coupler 15, a first high-frequency photoelectric detector 17 and a first frequency locking control assembly, and the input end of the second optical fiber coupler 15 is also connected with a first ultra-stable laser source 28;
the second optical fiber loop is sequentially connected with a third optical fiber coupler 16, a second high-frequency photoelectric detector 22 and a second frequency locking control assembly, and the input end of the third optical fiber coupler 16 is also connected with a second ultra-stable laser source 29;
the first and second ultra-stable laser sources 28 and 29 have different optical frequencies, and each of them is used as a frequency reference to beat with one of the teeth of the optical frequency comb in the corresponding optical fiber loop, and the beat frequency is locked to the frequency reference.
As a preferred embodiment, the first frequency locking control assembly includes a first distributor 18, a first frequency and phase discrimination unit 19, a first electric signal feeding unit 20, and a first driving unit 21, and the input end of the second optical fiber coupler is further connected with a first ultrastable laser source 28; the second frequency locking control assembly comprises a second distributor 23, a second frequency discrimination phase discrimination unit 24, a second electric signal feeding unit 25 and a second driving unit 26, and the input end of the third optical fiber coupler is also connected with a second ultra-stable laser source 29.
In this embodiment, the first and second ultra-stable laser sources 28 and 29 capable of providing extremely stable single-frequency laser signals are employed as reference sources for frequency stability of the optical comb system, and operation accuracy and stability can be ensured.
In this embodiment, the mode-locked fiber laser 27 comprises a passive mode-locked fiber laser.
As a preferred embodiment, the mode-locked fiber laser 27 provides a sequence of mode-locked femtosecond laser pulses; the optical power amplifier 11 is optically coupled to the mode-locked fiber laser 27 and configured to amplify a pulse peak-to-average power ratio of the laser pulse train; the pulse width compressor 12 is optically coupled to the optical power amplifier 11 and is configured to temporally compress the laser pulse train amplified by the optical power amplifier 11; the spectral stretcher 9 is optically coupled to the pulse width compressor 12 and is configured to stretch the pulse duration of the femtosecond laser pulse train compressed by the pulse width compressor 12, the spectral stretcher 9 stretching the spectrum by more than one octave.
In this embodiment, the mode-locked fiber laser 27 is configured to output a pulse train having an initial pulse duration of less than 1 nanosecond, and may be on the order of femtoseconds (fs), and having a pulse repetition frequency of at least 1 MHz;
in this embodiment, the spectrum stretcher 9 may be configured as a spectrum stretcher element including a highly nonlinear optical fiber (HNLF), and the spectrum stretcher 9 stretches the spectrum by more than one octave, so as to beat one comb tooth of the optical frequency comb in the respective corresponding optical fiber loop with the subsequent first and second ultrastable laser sources 28 and 29; the pulse width compressor 12 may be provided as a grating compression element comprising a volume grating (Volume Bragg Gratings, VBG);
the optical power amplifier 11 comprises a gain fiber doped with rare earth ions, including any one of erbium, neodymium, ytterbium, praseodymium, thulium. The optical power amplifier 11 may be operated at high gain to maximize the available pulse energy.
As shown in fig. 2, as a preferred embodiment, the mode-locked fiber laser includes a pump source 1, a wavelength division multiplexer 2, a doped fiber 3, a saturable absorber 4, and a frequency locking assembly.
In this embodiment, the mode-locked fiber laser may further comprise an electrically controlled fiber delay line 7 comprising a fiber collimator, a lambda/4 wave plate, a lambda/2 wave plate and a polarization beam splitting prism.
In this embodiment, the cavity structure of the mode-locked fiber laser 27 is any one of a ring cavity, a linear cavity, and a composite cavity, providing a stable environment for the laser source.
In this embodiment, the saturable absorber is a true or equivalent saturable absorber.
As a preferred embodiment, the mode-locked fiber laser 27 includes a pump source 1, a wavelength division multiplexer 2, a doped fiber 3, a frequency locking component, a saturable absorber, an electrically controlled fiber delay line 7, the wavelength division multiplexer 2, and a single mode fiber 8, where the pump source 1 and the wavelength division multiplexer 2 are coupled by fiber pigtail fusion.
In this embodiment, the doped optical fiber 3 includes an active optical fiber, which is a gain optical fiber doped with rare earth ions, and since the gain optical fiber doped with rare earth ions is a prior art, the description thereof will not be repeated here.
As a preferred embodiment, the frequency locking assembly comprises a slow piezoelectric ceramic 6 and a fast electro-optic phase modulator 5, wherein the slow piezoelectric ceramic 6 is a PZT piezoelectric ceramic.
As a preferred embodiment, the optical frequency of the second ultrastable laser source 29 is a multiple of the optical frequency of the first ultrastable laser source 28.
As a preferred embodiment, the output end of the second optical fiber coupler 15 is connected to the first high-frequency photoelectric detector 17, so as to convert the optical beat frequency signal into an electrical signal, the electrical signal is divided into two paths by the first distributor 18, one path of the electrical signal is transmitted to the first frequency-discrimination phase-discrimination unit 19, and the signal generated by the first frequency-discrimination phase-discrimination unit 19 is transmitted to the first electrical signal feeding unit 20 and the first driving unit 21, and the first driving unit controls the pumping source, the slow piezoelectric ceramic 6 and the fast electro-optic phase modulator 5 through the electrical control signal, so that the beat frequency is locked on the frequency reference of the first ultra-stable laser source.
As a preferred embodiment, the output end of the third optical fiber coupler 16 is connected to the second high-frequency photo detector 22, so as to convert the optical beat frequency signal into an electrical signal, the electrical signal is divided into two paths by the second distributor 23, one path is transmitted to the second frequency and phase discrimination unit 24, and the signal generated by the second frequency and phase discrimination unit 24 is transmitted to the second electrical signal feeding unit 25 and the second driving unit 26, and the second driving unit controls the pumping source, the slow piezoelectric ceramic 6 and the fast electro-optic phase modulator 5 through the electrical control signal, so as to realize that the beat frequency is locked on the frequency reference of the second ultra-stable laser source.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3, the application further realizes an optical comb control method based on the frequency reference of the ultra-stable laser source, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: outputting a mode-locked femtosecond laser pulse sequence by a mode-locked fiber laser 27, wherein the mode-locked femtosecond laser pulse sequence amplifies the pulse peak-to-average power ratio by an optical power amplifier 11, the mode-locked femtosecond laser pulse sequence amplified by power is compressed by a pulse width compressor 12, the mode-locked femtosecond laser pulse sequence compressed by the pulse width compressor 12 is stretched by more than one octave by a spectrum stretcher 9, and the stretched mode-locked femtosecond laser pulse sequence is input into a first fiber coupler 14;
step S2: the output end of the first optical fiber coupler 14 transmits the frequency-doubled mode-locked femtosecond laser pulse sequences to the second optical fiber coupler 15 and the third optical fiber coupler 16 respectively through a first optical fiber loop and a second optical fiber loop, and simultaneously, the input ends of the second optical fiber coupler 15 and the third optical fiber coupler 16 are respectively and optically connected with a first ultrastable laser source 28 and a second ultrastable laser source 29 with different optical frequencies;
step S3: the output ends of the second optical fiber coupler 15 and the third optical fiber coupler 16 are respectively connected with the first high-frequency photoelectric detector 17 and the second high-frequency detector 22, optical beat signals of one comb tooth of the optical frequency comb of each optical fiber loop of the two ultrastable laser sources are converted into electric signals, each electric signal is respectively divided into two branch electric signals by the first distributor 18 and the second distributor 23, one branch electric signal output by each of the first distributor 18 and the second distributor 23 is respectively transmitted to the first frequency discrimination phase discrimination unit 19 and the second frequency discrimination phase discrimination unit 24, signals generated by each of the first frequency discrimination phase discrimination unit 19 and the second frequency discrimination phase discrimination unit 24 are respectively transmitted to the first driving unit 21 and the second driving unit 26 through the first electric signal feeding unit 20 and the second electric signal feeding unit 24, and the first driving unit 21 and the second driving unit 26 respectively control the pumping source, the slow piezoelectric ceramics and the fast electro-optic phase modulator according to the electric signals received by each time, so that the beat frequencies are respectively locked on the first ultrastable laser source 28 and the second ultrastable laser source 29, and the stable optical beat frequency reference laser source 29 are obtained.
As a preferred embodiment, the amplified pulse peak-to-average power ratio of the optical power amplifier 11 is not more than 30, and in some embodiments may preferably be not more than 25, and preferably not more than 20.
As a preferred embodiment, the optical frequency of the second ultrastable laser source 29 is a multiple of the optical frequency of the first ultrastable laser source 28.
In this embodiment, the optical frequency of the first ultrastable laser source 28 is set as the frequency reference-locked comb tooth frequency to satisfy:
f(n)=n×f rep +f ceo +f n1 ；
the optical frequency of the second ultrastable laser source 29 as the comb tooth frequency locked by the frequency reference satisfies:
f(2n)=2n×f rep +f ceo +f n2 ；
since f (n) and f (2 n) are the light frequency of the first ultrastable laser source 28 and the light frequency of the second ultrastable laser source 29, respectively, the values are known; f (f) n1 And f n2 The beat frequency measured for the beat frequency of the ultra-stable laser source on one comb tooth and the corresponding optical fiber loop respectively selected on the first optical fiber loop and the second optical fiber loop is also known; n is a fixed value, so by locking f n1 And f n2 Can lock f rep F ceo An optical frequency comb with high accuracy and high stability is obtained.
The application relates to an optical comb system based on the frequency reference of an ultra-stable laser source and a control method thereof, which adopt a first ultra-stable laser source and a second ultra-stable laser source with different optical frequencies, wherein the optical frequencies of the first ultra-stable laser source and the second ultra-stable laser source are respectively used as frequency references to beat frequencies with one comb tooth of an optical frequency comb in a corresponding optical fiber loop, and the beat frequencies are locked on the frequency references, so that the optical frequency comb with high precision and high stability is obtained, and carrier envelope deviation frequency f is not required to be generated by an f-2f method ceo The signal does not need to use a device with a complex structure, so that the manufacturing cost of the optical comb system is reduced and the portability is improved while the stability of the optical frequency is improved.
Based on the present disclosure, one skilled in the art will appreciate that one aspect described herein may be implemented independently of any other aspect, and that two or more of these aspects may be combined in various ways. For example, apparatus may be implemented and/or methods practiced using any number and aspects set forth herein. In addition, such apparatus may be implemented and/or such methods practiced using other structure and/or functionality in addition to one or more of the aspects set forth herein.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the application provides a system and its individual devices, modules, units, etc. that can be implemented entirely by logic programming of method steps, in addition to being implemented as pure computer readable program code, in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers, etc. Therefore, the system and various devices, modules and units thereof provided by the application can be regarded as a hardware component, and the devices, modules and units for realizing various functions included in the system can also be regarded as structures in the hardware component; means, modules, and units for implementing the various functions may also be considered as either software modules for implementing the methods or structures within hardware components.
It should be noted that the above embodiments can be freely combined as needed. The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present application, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present application.
All documents mentioned in this disclosure are incorporated by reference in this disclosure as if each were individually incorporated by reference. Further, it is understood that various changes and modifications of the present application may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the above description of the application, and such equivalents are intended to fall within the scope of the application as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An optical comb system based on the frequency reference of an ultra-stable laser source is characterized in that,
the optical comb system includes: the device comprises a mode-locked fiber laser, an optical power amplifier, a pulse width compressor, a spectrum stretcher and a first fiber coupler which are connected in sequence in an optical coupling way, wherein the output end of the first fiber coupler is connected with a first fiber loop and a second fiber loop;
the first optical fiber loop is sequentially connected with a second optical fiber coupler, a first high-frequency photoelectric detector and a first frequency locking control assembly, and the input end of the second optical fiber coupler is also connected with a first ultra-stable laser source;
a third optical fiber coupler, a second high-frequency photoelectric detector and a second frequency locking control assembly are sequentially connected to the second optical fiber loop, and the input end of the third optical fiber coupler is also connected with a second ultra-stable laser source;
the first and second ultra-stable laser sources have different optical frequencies, and are respectively used as frequency references to beat frequencies with one comb tooth of the optical frequency comb in the optical fiber loop corresponding to each other, and the beat frequencies are locked on the frequency references.
2. The optical comb system based on the frequency reference of the ultra-stable laser source according to claim 1, wherein the first frequency locking control assembly comprises a first distributor, a first frequency discrimination phase discrimination unit, a first electric signal feeding unit and a first driving unit which are sequentially connected, and the second frequency locking control assembly comprises a second distributor, a second frequency discrimination phase discrimination unit, a second electric signal feeding unit and a second driving unit.
3. An optical comb system based on ultra-stable laser source frequency reference as claimed in claim 2 wherein the mode-locked fiber laser provides a mode-locked femtosecond laser pulse train; the optical power amplifier is optically coupled to the mode-locked fiber laser and configured to amplify a pulse peak-to-average power ratio of the mode-locked femtosecond laser pulse sequence; a pulse width compressor optically coupled to the optical power amplifier and configured to temporally compress the sequence of mode-locked femtosecond laser pulses amplified by the optical power amplifier; the spectral stretcher is optically coupled to the pulse width compressor and configured to stretch a pulse duration of the sequence of mode-locked femtosecond laser pulses compressed by the pulse width compressor, the spectral stretcher stretching the spectrum by more than one octave.
4. The optical comb system based on the frequency reference of the ultra-stable laser source according to claim 3, wherein the resonant cavity structure of the mode-locked fiber laser is any one of a ring resonant cavity, a linear resonant cavity and a composite resonant cavity, and the mode-locked fiber laser comprises a pump source, a wavelength division multiplexer, a doped fiber, a saturable absorber and a frequency locking component.
5. The optical comb system based on the frequency reference of the ultra-stable laser source according to claim 4, wherein the frequency locking assembly comprises a slow piezoelectric ceramic and a fast electro-optic phase modulator, and the first driving unit and the second driving unit can feed back electric control signals to the pump source, the slow piezoelectric ceramic and the fast electro-optic phase modulator.
6. The optical comb system based on the frequency reference of the ultra-stable laser source as set forth in claim 5, wherein the output end of the second optical fiber coupler is connected with the first high-frequency photoelectric detector, the optical beat frequency signal is converted into an electric signal, the electric signal is divided into two paths by the first distributor, one path is transmitted to the first frequency and phase discrimination unit, the electric control signal generated by the first frequency and phase discrimination unit is transmitted to the first electric signal feeding unit and the first driving unit, and the first driving unit controls the pumping source, the slow piezoelectric ceramics and the fast electro-optic phase modulator through the electric control signal, so that the beat frequency is locked on the frequency reference of the first ultra-stable laser source.
7. The optical comb system based on the frequency reference of the ultra-stable laser source as set forth in claim 5, wherein the output end of the third optical fiber coupler is connected with the second high-frequency photoelectric detector, the optical beat frequency signal is converted into an electric signal, the electric signal is divided into two paths by the second distributor, one path is transmitted to the second frequency and phase discrimination unit, the electric control signal generated by the second frequency and phase discrimination unit is transmitted to the second electric signal feeding unit and the second driving unit, and the second driving unit controls the pumping source, the slow piezoelectric ceramic and the fast electro-optic phase modulator through the electric control signal, so that the beat frequency is locked on the frequency reference of the second ultra-stable laser source.
8. An optical comb system based on a frequency reference of a hyperstable laser source as claimed in claim 6 or 7 wherein the optical frequency of the second hyperstable laser source is a multiple of the optical frequency of the first hyperstable laser source.
9. An optical comb control method based on ultra-stable laser source frequency reference, the control method being used for controlling an optical comb system according to any one of claims 4-7, comprising the steps of:
step S1: outputting a mode-locked femtosecond laser pulse sequence by a mode-locked fiber laser, amplifying a pulse peak-to-average power ratio of the mode-locked femtosecond laser pulse sequence by an optical power amplifier, compressing the power-amplified mode-locked femtosecond laser pulse sequence by a pulse width compressor, stretching the compressed mode-locked femtosecond laser pulse sequence by more than one octave by a spectrum stretcher, and inputting the stretched mode-locked femtosecond laser pulse sequence into a first fiber coupler;
step S2: the output end of the first optical fiber coupler respectively transmits the frequency-doubled mode-locked femtosecond laser pulse sequences to the second optical fiber coupler and the third optical fiber coupler through the first optical fiber loop and the second optical fiber loop, and simultaneously, the input ends of the second optical fiber coupler and the third optical fiber coupler are respectively and optically connected with a first ultrastable laser source and a second ultrastable laser source with different optical frequencies;
step S3: the output ends of the second optical fiber coupler and the third optical fiber coupler are respectively connected with a first high-frequency photoelectric detector and a second high-frequency detector, the optical beat frequency signals of one comb tooth of the optical frequency comb of each optical fiber loop of the two ultra-stable laser sources are converted into electric signals, each electric signal is divided into two branch electric signals by a first distributor and a second distributor, one branch electric signal output by the first distributor and the second distributor is respectively transmitted to a first frequency discrimination phase discrimination unit and a second frequency discrimination phase discrimination unit, the signals generated by the first frequency discrimination phase discrimination unit and the second frequency discrimination phase discrimination unit are respectively transmitted to a first driving unit and a second driving unit through a first electric signal feeding unit and a second electric signal feeding unit, and the first driving unit and the second driving unit respectively control the pumping source, the slow piezoelectric ceramics and the fast electro-optic phase modulator according to the electric signals received by each electric signal, so that beat frequency is respectively locked on the frequency references of the first ultra-stable laser sources and the second ultra-stable laser sources, and the stable optical frequency is obtained.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the second ultra-stable laser source has a frequency that is a multiple of the frequency of the first ultra-stable laser source.
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