CN105826804A - Light frequency reference fiber femtosecond light frequency comb with tunable broadband repetition frequency - Google Patents
Light frequency reference fiber femtosecond light frequency comb with tunable broadband repetition frequency Download PDFInfo
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- CN105826804A CN105826804A CN201610366387.1A CN201610366387A CN105826804A CN 105826804 A CN105826804 A CN 105826804A CN 201610366387 A CN201610366387 A CN 201610366387A CN 105826804 A CN105826804 A CN 105826804A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/11—Mode locking; Q-switching; Other giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
- H01S3/1106—Mode locking
Abstract
The invention relates to a light frequency reference fiber femtosecond light frequency comb with tunable broadband repetition frequency. The comb comprises a hybrid-locking-based erbium-doped fiber femtosecond laser device with tunable broadband repetition frequency, a reference laser locking system based on piezoelectric ceramic, a reference laser locking system based on a pumping current, a computer control system and a temperature control system, wherein the erbium-doped fiber femtosecond laser device is an annular chamber structure and is internally added with an electric control optical delay wire, and the repetition frequency of the laser device can realize continuous tunable broadband. For realizing light frequency reference femtosecond pulse output, rapid and slow piezoelectric ceramics and the pumping current are employed to cooperatively control beat frequency of the femtosecond laser device and two reference laser devices, the rapid piezoelectric ceramics fixing structure which is easy to use is designed, and a temperature control box is further designed to acquire stable beat frequency; the light frequency reference fiber femtosecond light frequency comb has advantages of light frequency reference output, tunable broadband repetition frequency, good stability and small size and further has application potential in the industrial environment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of measuring technique, can the optical frequency reference optical fiber femtosecond optical frequency comb of wide-band tuning particularly to a kind of repetition rate.
Background technology
Double frequency comb measurement system, based on two femto-second lasers with certain repetition rate difference, realizes asynchronous optical sampling in time domain, completes many heterodynes parallel measurement simultaneously in frequency domain, has advantages such as testing the speed soon, measurement result can be traced to the source.But, the measurement advantage heavy dependence laser performance of double frequency comb systems.First, frequency stability plays a decisive role in double frequency comb measurement indexes.At present, the Output of laser frequency of commercial frequency comb is the most directly referred to radio frequency reference, and this type of laser system can complete laser absolute frequency and measure, but is difficult to ensure that double frequency comb high-acruracy survey.Use optical frequency reference can effectively suppress the phase noise of optics longitudinal mode, improve the coherence of frequency comb.2005, Hudson et al. added Electro-optical Modulation crystal in laser cavity and feeds back for fast response servo, makes femtosecond laser trace to the source to Frequency Stabilized Lasers.2006, Swann et al. utilized piezoelectric ceramics Collaborative Control fast, slow to achieve the femtosecond laser of optical frequency reference equally.In both the above method, the insertion loss of Electro-optical Modulation crystal is bigger, and is difficult to locked mode, is unfavorable for testing outdoor utility.Piezoelectric ceramics cost is lower, is more easy to use, but fixed form used is relatively complicated.Secondly, double frequency comb systems need the femto-second laser that two repetition rates are close.The scheme reported by means of optimal frequency domain reflexometer to indicate laser cavity long, and practical operation is limited by optical fiber sheared length and can bring inconvenience.2004, Washburn etc. added optical delay line with Hundertmark et al. in laser cavity, makes repetition rate continuously-tuning, but tuning range is the most limited.Finally, femto second optical fiber laser locked mode stability influence system work efficiency.Conventional locked mode mechanism includes nonlinear polarization rotation and saturable absorption；The former easy locked mode self-starting, the latter's output spectrum width.Mixed mode-locking mechanism based on both combine respective advantage, can improve light source output stability.But effectively combine and need optimize pump power and fiber laser cavity is carried out dispersion management.
Summary of the invention
For the shortcoming overcoming above-mentioned prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of repetition rate can the optical frequency reference optical fiber femtosecond optical frequency comb of wide-band tuning, first, by rrequency-offset-lock mode, use piezoelectric ceramics servo loop that a certain for optical fiber femtosecond laser longitudinal mode is locked to the first reference laser diode；In the loop, quickly, piezoelectric ceramics adhered optical fibers at a slow speed, quick piezoelectric ceramics is for suppressing to lock the high-frequency noise of beat frequency, and piezoelectric ceramics is used for compensating beat frequency drift at a slow speed；Use pumping current servo loop that another longitudinal mode of optical fiber femtosecond laser is locked to the second reference laser diode simultaneously, thus realize the optical fiber femtosecond optical frequency comb of complete optical frequency reference.Devise the fixed structure of quick piezoelectric ceramics；Stablizing signal to be locked for obtaining, fiber laser cavity is positioned in temperature control box；Secondly, add automatically controlled optical delay line in laser cavity, on the one hand can regulate laser cavity on a large scale long, on the other hand can compensate beat frequency very long term drift on the basis of above-mentioned piezoelectric ceramics at a slow speed；Finally, optical fiber cavity length carried out dispersion management and regulate pump power, it is achieved mixed mode-locking effectively combines, improving laser instrument output stability.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of repetition rate can the optical frequency reference optical fiber femtosecond optical frequency comb of wide-band tuning, including repetition rate based on mixed mode-locking can wide-band tuning erbium-doped fiber femto-second laser, reference laser locking system based on piezoelectric ceramics, reference laser locking system based on pumping current, computer control system and temperature control system, wherein:
Described repetition rate based on mixed mode-locking can be placed in temperature control box by wide-band tuning erbium-doped fiber femto-second laser, including by the wavelength division multiplexer 201 being successively set on pumping source 1 output light path, erbium-doped fiber 202, saturable absorber 203, optoisolator 204, single-mode fiber 205, piezoelectric ceramics 206 at a slow speed, quickly piezoelectric ceramics 207 and automatically controlled optical delay line couple together the loop laser chamber of composition, in automatically controlled optical delay line, it is provided for finding optimum polarization state thus realizes the nonlinear polarization rotation device of locked mode, mode-locked laser exports with spatial light, and optical fiber collimator 215 is set coupled to optical fiber for reference laser locking system based on piezoelectric ceramics and application；
nullDescribed reference laser locking system based on piezoelectric ceramics includes merging described femto-second laser and the fiber coupler 1 of the first reference laser diode 301 output，Fiber coupler 1 output connects photoelectricity balanced detector 1 and converts optical signals to the signal of telecommunication，The described signal of telecommunication is through band filter 1、Power divider 1、Input to digital phase discriminator 1 as signal to be locked after merit power amplifier 1，The reference signal of digital phase discriminator 1 is provided by the frequency synthesizer 1 being referred to rubidium clock 308，The output of digital phase discriminator 1 is divided into two-way to connect respectively quickly and controls at a slow speed link，Wherein，Control at a slow speed link and include the first proportional integrator 310 and the first high-voltage drive 311，Output high-voltage signal is used for controlling piezoelectric ceramics 206 at a slow speed；Quick control link includes that the second proportional integrator 312 and the second high-voltage drive 313, output high-voltage signal are used for controlling quick piezoelectric ceramics 207, quickly and at a slow speed controls link and ensures femtosecond laser and the long-time PGC demodulation of the first reference laser diode；
Described reference laser locking system based on pumping current includes merging described femto-second laser and the fiber coupler 2 402 of the second reference laser diode 401 output, fiber coupler 2 402 output connects photoelectricity balanced detector 2 403 and converts optical signals to the signal of telecommunication, the described signal of telecommunication is through band filter 2 404, power divider 2 405, input to digital phase discriminator 2 407 as signal to be locked after power amplifier 2 406, the reference signal of digital phase discriminator 2 407 is provided by the frequency synthesizer 2 408 being referred to rubidium clock 308, the output error signal of digital phase discriminator 2 407, through the 3rd proportional integrator 409 and pumping source driver 410, output high-voltage signal is used for controlling pumping source 1, ensure femtosecond laser and the second reference laser diode PGC demodulation；
Described computer control system includes data collecting card 501 and computer 502, described data collecting card 501 is by the first proportional integrator 310 output voltage numeral, gather voltage and deliver to computer 502, control automatically controlled displacement platform 210 in optical delay line by decision level；
Described temperature control system includes temperature controller 6, is used for ensureing that temperature control the temperature inside the box keeps constant.
Pumping source 1 is coupled in loop laser chamber by described wavelength division multiplexer 201, and saturable absorber 203 utilizes the Nonlinear optical absorption to light intensity to realize self-starting, and optoisolator 204 ensures that intracavity beam is propagated along one direction.
Described nonlinear polarization rotation device is made up of the first quarter wave plate 211,1/2 wave plate 212, polarization splitting prism 213 and the second quarter wave plate 214 being successively set in light path, finding optimum polarization state by rotating wave plate thus realize locked mode, mode-locked laser is exported with spatial light by polarization splitting prism 213.
Described single-mode fiber 205, under pretensioned state, sticks to quick piezoelectric ceramics 206 and piezoelectric ceramics 207 at a slow speed.
Described optical fiber collimator 215 receives the output light of femtosecond pulse and the first reference laser diode 301 and merges in fiber coupler 1, fiber coupler 1 outfan accesses photoelectricity balanced detector 1, obtain high s/n ratio beat signal to be locked, reduce common-mode noise.
Error signal is divided into two-way by described digital phase discriminator 1, and a road directly exports, for fast response servo control；Another path built-in 20kHz low pass filter, reduces signal bandwidth, for SERVO CONTROL at a slow speed.
In described quick control link, first proportional integrator 310 exports feedback voltage signal according to error signal, and feedback voltage signal is amplified output by the first high-voltage drive 311, drives piezoelectric ceramics 206 at a slow speed, compensation beat frequency drifts about, thus it is steady in a long-term to control beat signal；In the described link of control at a slow speed, second proportional integrator 312 exports feedback voltage signal according to error signal, feedback voltage signal is amplified output by the second high-voltage drive 313, drive quick piezoelectric ceramics 207, suppression beat signal high-frequency noise, two link common guarantee femtosecond lasers and the long-time PGC demodulation of the first reference laser diode.
Described optical fiber collimator 215 receives the output light of femtosecond pulse and the second reference laser diode 401 and merges in fiber coupler 2 402, fiber coupler 2 402 outfan accesses photoelectricity balanced detector 2 403, obtain high s/n ratio beat signal to be locked, reduce common-mode noise.
Error signal is directly exported by described digital phase discriminator 2 407, for fast current SERVO CONTROL.
In described fast current SERVO CONTROL, 3rd proportional integrator 409 exports feedback voltage signal according to error signal, feedback voltage signal is converted to pumping current modulated signal by pumping source driver 410, thus controls pumping source output and ensure femtosecond laser and the second reference laser diode PGC demodulation.
Described automatically controlled optical delay line is made up of optical fiber collimator 1, optical fiber collimator 2 209 and automatically controlled displacement platform 210, long for realizing continuously adjusting chamber on a large scale in fiber laser cavity building process, in order to obtain design pulse recurrence frequency.
Described data collecting card 501 is by the first proportional integrator 310 output voltage numeral, whether computer 502 exceedes setting threshold value by decision level controls automatically controlled displacement platform 210 in optical delay line, the Long-term Fluctuation of compensated optical fiber chamber length, makes the output voltage of the first proportional integrator 310 return to set in threshold value.
Arranging temperature sensor 216 in described temperature control box and heating cooling piece 217 is monitored and controlled for the temperature inside the box, temperature sensor 216 is by current temperature signal input in temperature control box to temperature controller 6, and temperature controller 6 output signal controls heating cooling piece 217.
The present invention has repetition rate can the optical frequency reference optical fiber femtosecond optical frequency comb of wide-band tuning, use quickly, piezoelectric ceramics Collaborative Control at a slow speed, optical fiber femtosecond laser can be locked to the first reference laser diode, the a width of 40kHz of locking strip, beat frequency phase noise integrated value after locking is 1.03rad, average time be the Allan standard deviation of 1s be that 31.5mHz, Allan relative standard deviation is respectively 1.6 × 10-9；
The present invention has repetition rate can the optical frequency reference optical fiber femtosecond optical frequency comb of wide-band tuning, use fast current modulation that optical fiber femtosecond laser can be locked to the second reference laser diode, the a width of 15kHz of locking strip, average time be the Allan standard deviation of 1s be that 1.8mHz, Allan relative standard deviation is respectively 9.2 × 10-11；
The present invention have repetition rate can the optical frequency reference optical fiber femtosecond optical frequency comb of wide-band tuning, be positioned in temperature control box, it is ensured that optical fiber femtosecond laser working temperature constant, accuracy of temperature control is ± 0.02K.
The present invention have repetition rate can in the optical frequency reference optical fiber femtosecond optical frequency comb of wide-band tuning, can automatically controlled optical time delay line, maximum can change laser cavity and be about 5.5cm, thus realize repetition rate and continuously adjust between 97.1-98.9MHz.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 give 2 days in the variations in temperature of femto-second laser local environment, within first 24 hours, femto-second laser is positioned in temperature control box, and within latter 24 hours, femto-second laser rests in external environment.
Fig. 3 is locking beat frequency frequency spectrum and the phase noise spectrum of femto-second laser and the first reference laser diode.
Fig. 4 is the frequency error of the locking beat frequency of femto-second laser and the first reference laser diode.
Relative Allan standard deviation under the different average times that Fig. 5 is the locking beat frequency of femto-second laser and the first reference laser diode.
Fig. 6 is the locking error signal noise power spectrum of femto-second laser and the second reference laser diode.
Fig. 7 is the frequency error of the locking beat frequency of femto-second laser and the second reference laser diode.
Relative Allan standard deviation under the different average times that Fig. 8 is the locking beat frequency of femto-second laser and the second reference laser diode.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings with embodiment.
The system structure of the present invention is as shown in Figure 1.This system includes five parts: repetition rate based on mixed mode-locking can wide-band tuning erbium-doped fiber femto-second laser, reference laser locking system based on piezoelectric ceramics, temperature control system and computer control system.
Wherein repetition rate adjustable erbium-doped fiber laser instrument based on mixed mode-locking mechanism include being successively set on pumping source 1 output light path by wavelength division multiplexer 201, erbium-doped fiber 202, saturable absorber 203, optoisolator 204, single-mode fiber 205, at a slow speed piezoelectric ceramics 206, quick piezoelectric ceramics 207, optical fiber collimator the one 208, first quarter wave plate 211,1/2 wave plate 212, polarization splitting prism 213 and the composition annular laser cavity of the second quarter wave plate 214, optical fiber collimator 2 209 and automatically controlled displacement platform 210.Pumping source 1 is coupled in loop laser chamber by wavelength division multiplexer 201, and saturable absorber 203 utilizes the Nonlinear optical absorption to light intensity to realize self-starting, and optoisolator 204 ensures that intracavity beam is propagated along one direction, it is to avoid is formed and inversely propagates light beam.First quarter wave plate 211,1/2 wave plate 212, polarization splitting prism 213 and the second quarter wave plate 214 constitute nonlinear polarization rotation device, find optimum polarization state by rotating wave plate and realize locked mode.Quickly piezoelectric ceramics 206 and at a slow speed piezoelectric ceramics 207 adhere to pretensioned state optical fiber, by control quick piezoelectric ceramics 206 and at a slow speed piezoelectric ceramics 207 can to change the chamber in loop laser chamber long, automatically controlled displacement platform 210 can also be used for annular chamber length and regulates.Femto-second laser is positioned in temperature control box, and temperature sensor 216 and heating cooling piece 217 are monitored and controlled for the temperature inside the box.Mode-locked laser is exported with spatial light by polarization splitting prism 213.
Reference laser locking system based on piezoelectric ceramics includes the first reference laser diode 301, fiber coupler 1, photoelectricity balanced detector 1, band filter 1, power divider 1, merit power amplifier 1, digital phase discriminator 1, rubidium clock 308, frequency synthesizer the one 309, first proportional integrator the 310, first high-voltage drive the 311, second proportional integrator 312 and the second high-voltage drive 313.The femtosecond laser of erbium-doped fiber laser instrument output and the first reference laser diode 301 Output of laser, it is connected to photoelectricity balanced detector 1 by fiber coupler 1 and converts optical signals to the signal of telecommunication, then input to digital phase discriminator 1 through band filter 1, power divider 1, merit power amplifier 1.The reference signal of digital phase discriminator 1 is provided by the frequency synthesizer 1 being referred to rubidium clock 308.The output of digital phase discriminator 1 is divided into two-way to connect respectively quickly and controls at a slow speed link.Wherein, quick control link includes that the first proportional integrator 310 and the first high-voltage drive 311, output high-voltage signal are used for controlling quick piezoelectric ceramics 206；Control at a slow speed link and include that the second proportional integrator 312 and the second high-voltage drive 313, output high-voltage signal are used for controlling piezoelectric ceramics 207 at a slow speed.Quickly and at a slow speed control link and ensure femtosecond laser and the long-time PGC demodulation of the first reference laser diode.
Reference laser locking system based on pumping current includes merging the second reference laser diode 401, fiber coupler 2 402, photoelectricity balanced detector 2 403, band filter 2 404, power divider 2 405, power amplifier 2 406, digital phase discriminator 2 407, frequency synthesizer 2 408 offer, the 3rd proportional integrator 409 and pumping source driver 410.The femtosecond laser of erbium-doped fiber laser instrument output and the second reference laser diode 401 Output of laser, it is connected to photoelectricity balanced detector 2 403 by fiber coupler 2 402 and converts optical signals to the signal of telecommunication, the described signal of telecommunication is through band filter 2 404, power divider 2 405, input to digital phase discriminator 2 407 as signal to be locked after power amplifier 2 406, the reference signal of digital phase discriminator 2 407 is provided by the frequency synthesizer 2 408 being referred to rubidium clock 308, the output error signal of digital phase discriminator 2 407, through the 3rd proportional integrator 409 and pumping source driver 410, output high-voltage signal is used for controlling pumping source 1, ensure femtosecond laser and the second reference laser diode PGC demodulation.
Computer control system includes data collecting card 501 and computer 502.Data collecting card 501 is by the first proportional integrator 310 output voltage numeral, whether computer 502 exceedes setting threshold value by decision level controls automatically controlled displacement platform 210 in optical delay line, the output voltage making the first proportional integrator 310 returns to set in threshold value, i.e. the Long-term Fluctuation of compensated optical fiber chamber length.
Temperature control system includes temperature controller 6.Temperature sensor 216 is by current temperature signal input in temperature control box to temperature controller 6, and temperature controller 6 output signal controls heating cooling piece 217, it is ensured that temperature control the temperature inside the box is protected constant.
Making and the operation of optical fiber femtosecond laser system of the present invention comprise the following steps:
1, respectively according to five parts shown in Fig. 1: repetition rate based on mixed mode-locking can wide-band tuning erbium-doped fiber femto-second laser, reference laser locking system based on piezoelectric ceramics, temperature control system and computer control system build there is repetition rate can the optical frequency reference optical fiber femtosecond optical frequency comb of wide-band tuning.Wherein in erbium doped fiber laser,
Pumping source 1 uses Oclaro, LC96AA74P-20R, and its temperature control module uses Throlabs, TED8020；Erbium-doped fiber 202 uses ER110-4/125, Liekki, and length is about 0.6m；Single-mode fiber 210 total length is about 1.4m；Saturable absorber 204 uses BATOP, SA-1550-25-FC/APC；Automatically controlled optical delay line is made up of optical fiber collimator 1, optical fiber collimator 2 209 and automatically controlled displacement platform 210, overall employing OZ, ODL-300-11-1550-9/125-S-60-XX-1-1-MC/RS232；Quickly piezoelectric ceramics 206 uses Throlabs, PA3CEW；Piezoelectric ceramics 207 uses Throlabs, AE0505D16F at a slow speed；Heating cooling piece 217 uses FerroTec, 72001/127/060B；
In reference laser locking system based on piezoelectric ceramics, the first reference laser diode 301 uses RedfernIntegratedOptics, RIO0195-3-16-4；Photoelectricity balanced detector 1 employing Newport, 1817；Band filter 1 uses Mini-Circuits, SIF-21.4+；Power divider 1 uses Mini-Circuits, ZSC-2-1+；Merit power amplifier 1 uses Mini-Circuits, ZFL-500LN+；Digital phase discriminator 1 uses MenloSystems, DXD200；Rubidium clock 308 uses SRS, PRS10, and when its average time is 1s, Allan variance is less than 2 × 10-11；Frequency synthesizer 1 uses MenloSystems, DDS120；First proportional integrator 310 and the second proportional integrator 312 all use Newport, LB1005；First high-voltage drive 311 uses Throlabs, HVA200；Second high-voltage drive 313 uses Throlabs, MDT693B；
In reference laser locking system based on pumping current, the second reference laser diode 401 uses RedfernIntegratedOptics, RIO0195-3-54-4；Photoelectricity balanced detector 2 403 employing Newport, 1817；Band filter 2 404 uses Mini-Circuits, SIF-21.4+；Power divider 2 405 uses Mini-Circuits, ZSC-2-1+；Power amplifier 2 406 uses Mini-Circuits, ZFL-500LN+；Digital phase discriminator 2 407 uses MenloSystems, DXD200；Frequency synthesizer 2 408 uses MenloSystems, DDS120；3rd proportional integrator uses Newport, LB1005；Pumping source driver 410 uses Throlabs, LDC8010；
Temperature controller 6 in temperature control system uses TCM-M207；
Data collecting card in computer control system uses NationalInstruments, USB6366.
2, single-mode fiber (205) is stretched, stick at a slow speed on piezoelectric ceramics (206) and quick piezoelectric ceramics (207), for controlling the beat signal during optical frequency locks.Quick piezoelectric ceramics (207) is fixed on mounting seat as shown in Figure 2.
3, there is repetition rate to assemble each parts of temperature control box shown in Fig. 3, be sequentially connected with temperature sensor 216, temperature controller 6 and heating cooling piece 217 by Fig. 1, be then positioned in temperature control box by optical fiber laser after wide-band tuning erbium-doped fiber laser instrument puts up.
The output of optical fiber collimator 215 1 tunnel is received spectrogrph Agilent by 4,86142B and oscillograph Agilent, DSO9254A, while regulating the first quarter wave plate 211,1/2 wave plate 212 and the second quarter wave plate 214, observe the signal on spectrogrph and oscillograph, until obtaining stable mode-lock status, afterwards regulation pumping source 1 pump power until spectrogrph present sufficiently wide spectrum and on oscillograph the pulse sequence of display there is no the harmonic peaks of other grade time.
5, after optical fiber femtosecond laser success locked mode, control, with computer 502, the chamber that in optical delay line, automatically controlled displacement platform 210 changes laser instrument long, until design repetition rate.The automatically controlled final mobile range of displacement platform 210 is 5.5 centimetres, and design repetition rate is 98MHz, it is contemplated that continuously adjust in can realizing 97.1-98.9MHz.
When 6, optical fiber femtosecond laser being locked to the first reference laser diode 301, light beat frequency is converted to the signal of telecommunication by photoelectricity balanced detector 1, take a part carry out rrequency-offset-lock through band filter 1, power divider 1, another part is used for monitoring, connect audiofrequency spectrometer Agilent, N9010A；This signal of telecommunication inputs to digital phase discriminator 1 through merit power amplifier 1 conduct；Frequency synthesizer 1 is traced to the source to rubidium clock 308, and exports 20MHz sinusoidal signal to the reference signal input of digital phase discriminator 1；The error signal of digital phase discriminator 1 output is divided into two-way to connect respectively quickly and controls at a slow speed link, and additionally the supervision port of digital phase discriminator 1 is connected to oscillograph Agilent, DSO9254A；Wherein, quick control link includes that the first proportional integrator 310 and the first high-voltage drive 311, output high-voltage signal are used for controlling quick piezoelectric ceramics 206；Control at a slow speed link and include that the second proportional integrator 312 and the second high-voltage drive 313, output high-voltage signal are used for controlling piezoelectric ceramics 207 at a slow speed；While regulating the second high-voltage drive 313 bias voltage, observe the supervision signal on audiofrequency spectrometer, make beat signal close to 20MHz, then open the second proportional integrator 312, regulating its cut-off frequency and gain, the zigzag error signal of port is stable to make digital phase discriminator 1 monitor；Afterwards, opening the first proportional integrator 310, regulate its cut-off frequency and gain, the zigzag error signal of port becomes the direct current signal that average is 0 to make digital phase discriminator 1 monitor, now femtosecond laser and reference laser realize PGC demodulation.
When 7, optical fiber femtosecond laser being locked to the second reference laser diode 401, light beat frequency is converted to the signal of telecommunication by photoelectricity balanced detector 2 403, take a part carry out rrequency-offset-lock through band filter 2 404, power divider 2 405, another part is used for monitoring, connect audiofrequency spectrometer Agilent, N9010A；This signal of telecommunication inputs to digital phase discriminator 2 407 through power amplifier 2 406 conduct；Frequency synthesizer 2 408 is traced to the source to rubidium clock 308, and exports 20MHz sinusoidal signal to the reference signal input of digital phase discriminator 2 407；The error signal of digital phase discriminator 1 output is connected to the 3rd proportional integrator 409, and additionally the supervision port of digital phase discriminator 2 407 is connected to oscillograph Agilent, DSO9254A；While the bias voltage of regulation pump driver 410, observe the supervision signal on audiofrequency spectrometer, make beat signal close to 20MHz, then the 3rd proportional integrator 409 is opened, regulate its cut-off frequency and gain, the zigzag error signal of port becomes the direct current signal that average is 0 to make digital phase discriminator 2 407 monitor, now femtosecond laser and the second reference laser diode realize PGC demodulation.
8, during above-mentioned optical fiber femtosecond laser is locked to the first reference laser diode 301, the output voltage of data collecting card 501 continuous collecting the first proportional integrator 310, magnitude of voltage is between 0-10V, but element has a negative impact in 0-3V and 7-10V is to locking link.Therefore computer 502 according to gather voltage whether enable between 3-7V control optical delay line in automatically controlled displacement platform 210 move, thus compensate drifting about on a large scale very for a long time along with environmental factorss such as temperature, the output voltage making the second proportional integrator 312 returns between 3-7V, it is ensured that femtosecond laser and reference laser realize long-term phase locking.
9, optical fiber femtosecond laser is in the course of the work, and temperature controller 6 obtains the output signal of temperature sensor 216 in real time, and is processed in real time by software and deliver to feedback current heat cooling piece 217 so that optical fiber laser working temperature constant.
10, so far optical fiber femtosecond laser achieves optical frequency with reference to output, if restarting after the shutdown of whole light-source system, owing to the impact of environmental factors or other extraneous factor makes mode-lock status change or pattern losing lock, only mode-lock status just need to can be recovered by rotating the first quarter wave plate 211,1/2 wave plate 212 and the second quarter wave plate 214.
In order to detect the performance of whole system, optical fiber femtosecond optical frequency comb is tested:
Fig. 2 give 2 days in the variations in temperature of femto-second laser local environment.Within first 24 hours, femto-second laser is positioned in temperature control box, and within latter 24 hours, femto-second laser rests in external environment.Data are found out, accuracy of temperature control is at ± 0.02K；
Fig. 3 provides optical fiber femtosecond laser and is locked to locking beat frequency frequency spectrum and the phase noise spectrum of the first reference laser diode, the a width of 40kHz of locking strip, in phase noise spectrum Measurement bandwidth, phase noise integrated value is 1.03rad, shows that beat frequency carrier power accounts in bandwidth the 35% of signal power；
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 provides optical fiber femtosecond laser and is locked to the frequency error of locking beat frequency of the first reference laser diode and the Allan standard deviation under different average times, calculating the Allan standard deviation that average time is 1s is 31.5mHz, and average time is that the Allan relative standard deviation of 1s and 1024s is respectively 1.6 × 10-9With 1.9 × 10-11；
Fig. 6 provides optical fiber femtosecond laser and is locked to the locking error signal noise power spectrum of the second reference laser diode, a width of 15kHz of locking strip；
Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 provides optical fiber femtosecond laser and is locked to the frequency error of locking beat frequency of the second reference laser diode and the Allan standard deviation under different average times, calculating the Allan standard deviation that average time is 1s is that 1.8mHz, Allan relative standard deviation is respectively 9.2 × 10-11。
The various embodiments described above are merely to illustrate the present invention, and the model of the most each parts, connected mode etc. all can be varied from, and every equivalents carried out on the basis of technical solution of the present invention and improvement the most should not be got rid of outside protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a repetition rate can the optical frequency reference optical fiber femtosecond optical frequency comb of wide-band tuning, it is characterized in that, including repetition rate based on mixed mode-locking can wide-band tuning erbium-doped fiber femto-second laser, reference laser locking system based on piezoelectric ceramics, reference laser locking system based on pumping current, computer control system and temperature control system, wherein:
Described repetition rate based on mixed mode-locking can be placed in temperature control box by wide-band tuning erbium-doped fiber femto-second laser, including by the wavelength division multiplexer (201) being successively set on pumping source (1) output light path, erbium-doped fiber (202), saturable absorber (203), optoisolator (204), single-mode fiber (205), piezoelectric ceramics (206) at a slow speed, quickly piezoelectric ceramics (207) and automatically controlled optical delay line couple together the loop laser chamber of composition, in automatically controlled optical delay line, it is provided for finding optimum polarization state thus realizes the nonlinear polarization rotation device of locked mode, mode-locked laser exports with spatial light, and optical fiber collimator (215) is set coupled to optical fiber for laser lock-on and application；
nullThe fiber coupler one (302) that described reference laser locking system based on piezoelectric ceramics includes merging described femto-second laser and the first reference laser diode (301) exports，Fiber coupler one (302) output connects photoelectricity balanced detector one (303) and converts optical signals to the signal of telecommunication，The described signal of telecommunication is through band filter one (304)、Power divider one (305)、Input to digital phase discriminator one (307) as signal to be locked after merit power amplifier one (306)，The reference signal of digital phase discriminator one (307) is provided by the frequency synthesizer one (309) being referred to rubidium clock (308)，The output of digital phase discriminator one (307) is divided into two-way to connect respectively quickly and controls at a slow speed link，Wherein，Control at a slow speed link and include the first proportional integrator (310) and the first high-voltage drive (311)，Output high-voltage signal is used for controlling piezoelectric ceramics (206) at a slow speed；Quick control link includes the second proportional integrator (312) and the second high-voltage drive (313), output high-voltage signal is used for controlling quick piezoelectric ceramics (207), quickly and at a slow speed controls link and ensures femtosecond laser and the long-time PGC demodulation of the first reference laser diode；
nullThe fiber coupler two (402) that described reference laser locking system based on pumping current includes merging described femto-second laser and the second reference laser diode (401) exports，Fiber coupler two (402) output connects photoelectricity balanced detector two (403) and converts optical signals to the signal of telecommunication，The described signal of telecommunication is through band filter two (404)、Power divider two (405)、Input to digital phase discriminator two (407) as signal to be locked after power amplifier two (406)，The reference signal of digital phase discriminator two (407) is provided by the frequency synthesizer two (408) being referred to rubidium clock (308)，The output error signal of digital phase discriminator two (407)，Through the 3rd proportional integrator (409) and pumping source driver (410)，Output high-voltage signal is used for controlling pumping source (1)，Ensure femtosecond laser and the second reference laser diode (401) PGC demodulation；
Described temperature control system includes temperature controller (6), is used for ensureing that temperature control the temperature inside the box keeps constant；
Described computer control system includes data collecting card (501) and computer (502), described data collecting card (501) is by the first proportional integrator (310) output voltage numeral, gather voltage and deliver to computer (502), control automatically controlled displacement platform (210) in optical delay line by decision level.
The most according to claim 1, repetition rate can the optical frequency reference optical fiber femtosecond optical frequency comb of wide-band tuning, it is characterized in that, described single-mode fiber (205), under pretensioned state, sticks to piezoelectric ceramics (206) and quick piezoelectric ceramics (207) at a slow speed.
The most according to claim 1, repetition rate can the optical frequency reference optical fiber femtosecond optical frequency comb of wide-band tuning, it is characterized in that, described optical fiber collimator (215) receives the output light of femtosecond pulse and the first reference laser diode (301) and merges in fiber coupler one (302), fiber coupler one (302) outfan accesses photoelectricity balanced detector one (303), obtain high s/n ratio beat signal to be locked, reduce common-mode noise.
The most according to claim 1, repetition rate can the optical frequency reference optical fiber femtosecond optical frequency comb of wide-band tuning, it is characterised in that error signal is divided into two-way by described digital phase discriminator one (307), and a road directly exports, for quick piezoelectric ceramics SERVO CONTROL；Another path built-in 20kHz low pass filter, reduces signal bandwidth, for piezoelectric ceramics SERVO CONTROL at a slow speed.
The most according to claim 1, repetition rate can the optical frequency reference optical fiber femtosecond optical frequency comb of wide-band tuning, it is characterized in that, described quick piezoelectric ceramics controls in link, first proportional integrator (310) exports feedback voltage signal according to error signal, feedback voltage signal is amplified output by the first high-voltage drive (311), drive piezoelectric ceramics (206) at a slow speed, compensate beat frequency drift, thus it is steady in a long-term to control beat signal；Described piezoelectric ceramics at a slow speed controls in link, second proportional integrator (312) exports feedback voltage signal according to error signal, feedback voltage signal is amplified output by the second high-voltage drive (313), drive quick piezoelectric ceramics (207), suppression beat signal high-frequency noise, two link common guarantee femtosecond lasers and the long-time PGC demodulation of the first reference laser diode.
The most according to claim 1, repetition rate can the optical frequency reference optical fiber femtosecond optical frequency comb of wide-band tuning, it is characterized in that, described optical fiber collimator (215) receives the output light of femtosecond pulse and the second reference laser diode (401) and merges in fiber coupler two (402), fiber coupler two (402) outfan accesses photoelectricity balanced detector two (403), obtain high s/n ratio beat signal to be locked, reduce common-mode noise.
The most according to claim 1, repetition rate can the optical frequency reference optical fiber femtosecond optical frequency comb of wide-band tuning, it is characterized in that, in described fast current SERVO CONTROL, 3rd proportional integrator (409) exports feedback voltage signal according to error signal, feedback voltage signal is converted to pumping current modulated signal by pumping source driver (410), thus controls pumping source output and ensure femtosecond laser and the second reference laser diode PGC demodulation.
The most according to claim 1, repetition rate can the optical frequency reference optical fiber femtosecond optical frequency comb of wide-band tuning, it is characterized in that, described automatically controlled optical delay line is made up of optical fiber collimator one (208), optical fiber collimator two (209) and automatically controlled displacement platform (210), long for realizing continuously adjusting chamber on a large scale in fiber laser cavity building process, in order to obtain design pulse recurrence frequency.
The most according to claim 1, repetition rate can the optical frequency reference optical fiber femtosecond optical frequency comb of wide-band tuning, it is characterized in that, described data collecting card (501) is by the first proportional integrator (310) output voltage numeral, whether computer (502) exceedes setting threshold value by decision level controls automatically controlled displacement platform (210) in optical delay line, the Long-term Fluctuation of compensated optical fiber chamber length, makes the output voltage of the first proportional integrator (310) return to set in threshold value.
The most according to claim 1, repetition rate can the optical frequency reference optical fiber femtosecond optical frequency comb of wide-band tuning, temperature sensor (216) is set in described temperature control box and heating cooling piece (217) is monitored and controlled for the temperature inside the box, current temperature signal input in temperature control box is controlled heating cooling piece (217) to temperature controller (6), temperature controller (6) output signal by temperature sensor (216).
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