CN104015627B - Electric machine and power supply system having battery pack - Google Patents

Electric machine and power supply system having battery pack Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104015627B
CN104015627B CN201410190932.7A CN201410190932A CN104015627B CN 104015627 B CN104015627 B CN 104015627B CN 201410190932 A CN201410190932 A CN 201410190932A CN 104015627 B CN104015627 B CN 104015627B
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China
Prior art keywords
antenna
power
inductor
battery pack
plane
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CN201410190932.7A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN104015627A (en
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山本浩司
菅野浩
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Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd
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Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L5/00—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L5/005—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles without mechanical contact between the collector and the power supply line
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/11—DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/122—Circuits or methods for driving the primary coil, e.g. supplying electric power to the coil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60M—POWER SUPPLY LINES, AND DEVICES ALONG RAILS, FOR ELECTRICALLY- PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60M7/00—Power lines or rails specially adapted for electrically-propelled vehicles of special types, e.g. suspension tramway, ropeway, underground railway
    • B60M7/003—Power lines or rails specially adapted for electrically-propelled vehicles of special types, e.g. suspension tramway, ropeway, underground railway for vehicles using stored power (e.g. charging stations)
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/005—Mechanical details of housing or structure aiming to accommodate the power transfer means, e.g. mechanical integration of coils, antennas or transducers into emitting or receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed are an electric machine and a power supply system, in which a battery pack can be easily and safely replaced with another, and electric power can be transferred with high transfer efficiency. The electric machine includes a driving electric motor 18, a battery pack 1 for supplying an electric power to the driving electric motor 18, and an energy transfer section 22 for transferring an electric energy output from the battery pack 1 to the driving electric motor 18. The battery pack includes a first antenna 6 for receiving an electric power from a power supply source located outside the electric machine by coupling with a first resonant magnetic field generated by the power supply source, at least one secondary battery 2 charged by the electric power received by the first antenna 6, an oscillator 4 for producing a high frequency power by a DC power discharged from the secondary battery 2, and a second antenna 7 for generating a second resonant magnetic field by the high frequency power. The energy transfer section 22 includes a third antenna that couples with the second resonant magnetic field generated by the second antenna, and transfers the high frequency power received by the third antenna to the driving electric motor 18.

Description

Electrically powered machine and the power-supply system with battery pack
The application is the Application No. 201080036851.1, applying date on October 13rd, 2010, entitled " electronic The divisional application of the application for a patent for invention of vehicle and the power-supply system with battery pack ".
Technical field
The present invention relates to electrically powered machine and power-supply system, the power-supply system has battery pack, for by means of oscillating magnetic field By coupling come Wireless power transmission.
Background technology
The electrically powered machine of such as electric vehicle etc is by motor-driven.For example, with the automobile that power source is internal combustion engine not Together, electric vehicle is run using motor as power source.Electric vehicle has electrokinetic cell installed therein, and passes through The energy being stored in electrokinetic cell is transmitted to motor and obtains driving force.Electrokinetic cell for example can be secondary cell, Such as lithium ion battery, Ni-MH battery or lead accumulator.In many instances, electrokinetic cell is arranged on car body in the form of battery pack In, multiple in battery pack " modules " and recharge-discharge control circuit etc. are packaged together, and wherein each module includes that series connection connects Multiple " battery unit (cell) " (the minimum form of battery, including electrode and electrolyte) being connected together.When electrokinetic cell During dump energy step-down, battery pack is electrically charged by externally connected power supply so that electric vehicle can rerun.It is outside Power supply can be source power supply (100V/200V), the charging equipment in charging station etc. that high-power can be charged etc., etc. Deng.
The electrokinetic cell of traditional electric car is in the dump energy step-down of each electrokinetic cell at home or in charging station Charge (for example, with reference to patent document 1).Figure 14 shows the power supply system for traditional electric car described in patent document 1 System.Electrokinetic cell 72 (it is rechargeable secondary batteries) is packaged into battery pack 62 together with recharge-discharge control circuit 61.Electricity Pond group 62 is fixed on the vehicle body of electric vehicle 70 so that normally can not remove battery pack 62 during use.Electric vehicle 70 car body is provided with the vehicle-side connector 64 for receiving the electric power from the supply of external power source 63.Battery pack 62 is provided with electricity Pond group side charge connector 65, charging side-connector 65 and vehicle-side connector 64 pass through together with cable connection.Battery pack 62 Battery pack side power output connector 66 is provided with, battery pack side power output connector 66 is by cable connection to electric vehicle Power source 67 in 70.When charging, user connects the power connector 69 for being arranged on the end of cable 68 of external power source 63 It is connected to vehicle-side connector 64.Electrokinetic cell 72 is by via vehicle-side connector 64, charging side-connector 65 and recharge-discharge Control circuit 61 is received and is electrically charged from the electric power of external power source 63.
Electrokinetic cell 72 is charged and is taken hours when charging normal, and even with high voltage and big electricity The quick charge of stream will also spend several tens minutes.In addition to charging and needing the substantial amounts of time, another problem for existing is to move Power battery 72 is degenerated when quick charge is repeated.In order to solve the problem, it has been proposed that with fully charged electrokinetic cell more Change various suggestions (for example, with reference to patent document 2 and non-patent literature 1) of the battery level electrokinetic cell 72 of step-down.
Some other fields outside the electrically powered machine of such as electric vehicle etc, it has been suggested that nothing is carried out to battery pack Line charges (for example, with reference to patent document 3).Patent document 3 is related to the supply unit being used in mobile terminal device, wherein leading to Cross electromagnetic induction method to transmit electric power.However, in this way, in power transmission antenna and the spacing of power receiver antenna From it is longer when, or antenna without it is aligned with each other well when, it is impossible to it is enough to realize effectively transmission.
On the other hand, patent document 4 discloses a kind of new wireless energy transfer system, for energy is humorous from two , through the space propagation the two resonators to another resonator, vice versa for the resonator shaken in device.The nothing Heat input Transmission system is dragged via the disappearance of the oscillation energy of the resonant frequency produced in the space around the two resonators Tail (evanescent tail), the two resonators are coupled to each other, so as to the wirelessly transmission (that is, by non-contact method) Oscillation energy.
Reference listing
Patent document
Patent document 1：Japanese Patent Patent discloses No.11-146504
Patent document 2：Japanese Patent Patent discloses No.9-98518
Patent document 3：Japanese Patent Patent discloses No.10-248171
Patent document 4：U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2008/0278264 (Figure 12 and 14)
Non-patent literature
Non-patent literature 1：″2002Report of research and study on car sharing systems Using cars with replaceable battery " (March2003, Mechanical Social Systems Foundation)
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved
Using the normal power supplies system of the electrically powered machine for such as electric vehicle etc, when used batteries group is moved from car body During divided by with another battery replacing, need cable from battery pack side charge connector and battery pack side power output connector On pull out.When new battery pack is installed, need these connectors of cable connector.In addition, it is desirable to by the way that bonder terminal is filled With setting up power path together, and connector assembly manipulation needs relatively large strength.And, such as in " 2002Report of research and study on car sharing systems using cars with replaceable Described in battery " (March2003, Mechanical Social Systems Foundation), it is desirable to provide Electric leakage of the measure to prevent electric shock during operating or caused by the drop of such as rainwater etc.
On the other hand, using being used to transfer power to the technology of household electrical appliance by electromagnetic induction method, send out in power When distance is longer between antennas and power receiver antenna, or when antenna is no aligned with each other well, it is impossible to enough to realize Effectively transmission.
The present invention is had been made to solve the above problems, and the invention provides a kind of electrically powered machine, it includes Battery pack and power-supply system, enabling by the magnetic coupling between antenna in a non contact fashion battery pack and power-supply system it Between transmit electric power, hence in so that safe and easy battery altering can be carried out.And, it is wireless with the routine using electromagnetic induction Power transmission method is compared, even if the present invention also causes also carry out effective electric power biography when between antennas distance is longer It is defeated.
Technical scheme
The electrically powered machine of the present invention includes：Drive motor；Battery pack, for supplying power to drive motor；With Energy transmissive portion, for the electric energy exported from battery pack to be transmitted to drive motor, wherein：Battery pack includes：First antenna, For by being coupled with the first oscillating magnetic field produced by the power supply outside electrically powered machine, receiving the electricity from the power supply Power；At least one secondary cell, the electric power received by first antenna is charged；Oscillator, for basis from secondary cell The dc power of release produces radio-frequency power；With the second antenna, for according to radio-frequency power produce the second oscillating magnetic field；And energy Amount transport part includes third antenna, and third antenna is coupled with the second oscillating magnetic field produced by the second antenna, so as to by the 3rd The RF power that antenna is received is to drive motor.
The battery pack of the present invention includes：First antenna, for by with positioned at outside power supply produced by the first resonance Magnetic field is coupled, and receives the electric power from the power supply；At least one secondary cell, the electric power received by first antenna is filled Electricity；Oscillator, radio-frequency power is produced for basis from the dc power that secondary cell discharges；With the second antenna, penetrate for basis Frequency power produce the second oscillating magnetic field, and with positioned at outside third antenna magnetic coupling.
The power-supply system of the present invention includes：Battery pack, for supplying power to load；First energy transmissive portion, is used for By the power transmission exported from battery pack to load；With the second energy transmissive portion, for by the power transmission for supplying from the outside extremely Battery pack, wherein：Battery pack includes：First antenna, for by with the first oscillating magnetic field produced by the second energy transmissive portion It is coupled to receive electric power；At least one secondary cell, the electric power received by first antenna is charged；First oscillator, The first radio-frequency power is produced for basis from the dc power that secondary cell discharges；With the second antenna, for according to the first radio frequency Power produces the second oscillating magnetic field；First energy transmissive portion includes third antenna, the produced by third antenna and the second antenna Two oscillating magnetic fields are coupled；The RF power that third antenna is received is to load；And the second energy transmissive portion includes：The Two oscillators, for producing the second radio-frequency power using the electric power for supplying from the outside；With the 4th antenna, for by the second radio frequency Power produces the first oscillating magnetic field.
Beneficial effect
Electrically powered machine of the invention, in a non contact fashion and can not adopt in the case where efficiency of transmission is not reduced With contact point, battery pack is supplied power to and from battery pack output power, hence in so that can carry out safe and easy Battery altering.And, power-supply system of the invention can not only transmit energy efficient to electrically powered machine and can Transmit to household electrical appliance.
According to referring next to accompanying drawing to detailed description of the presently preferred embodiments, further feature, the unit of the present invention Part, process, step, characteristic and advantage will become clearer from.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the power-supply system for including the electric vehicle with battery pack for substantially illustrating the present invention, wherein Fig. 1 (a) substantially illustrates electric vehicle, and Fig. 1 (b) substantially illustrates power-supply system.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram for illustrating the electrical vehicle configurations according to embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 3 is the equivalent circuit diagram for illustrating the electric vehicle according to embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 4 is to illustrate the schematic diagram according to the configuration of the power-supply system of embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 5 is the equivalent circuit diagram for illustrating the power-supply system according to embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram for illustrating the antenna preferred disposition according to embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram for illustrating relation between the antenna configuration and efficiency of transmission according to embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram for illustrating the power-supply system configuration with preferred antenna configuration according to embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram for illustrating the antenna particular location according to embodiment of the present invention 2.
Figure 10 is to illustrate the schematic diagram according to the configuration of the power-supply system of embodiment of the present invention 3.
Figure 11 is the equivalent circuit diagram for illustrating the power-supply system according to embodiment of the present invention 3.
Figure 12 is to illustrate the schematic diagram according to the configuration of the automatic guide robot of embodiment of the present invention 4.
Figure 13 is to illustrate the schematic diagram according to the configuration of the household electrical appliance of embodiment of the present invention 5.
Figure 14 is the schematic diagram for illustrating conventional electric car power-supply system.
Specific embodiment
It is now described with reference to the drawings battery pack according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, electrically powered machine and power-supply system.
(embodiment 1)
First, with reference to Fig. 1, by the first embodiment of the description present invention.
Present embodiment is related to electric vehicle, its example as the electrically powered machine of the battery pack with the present invention.Fig. 1 A () shows the configuration of the electric vehicle of present embodiment, Fig. 1 (b) shows matching somebody with somebody for the power-supply system in electric vehicle Put.Note, the configuration of the electric vehicle and power-supply system that illustrate in Fig. 1 is only that one kind of the possible arrangement of present embodiment is shown Example, and the configuration of present embodiment is not limited to the configuration illustrated in Fig. 1.
The electric vehicle 9 illustrated in Fig. 1 is run using drive motor 18 as power source.Drive motor 18 It is used as the power source of electric vehicle 9 from the electric power of the secondary cell 2 in electric vehicle 9 by receiving.Preferred In example, secondary cell 2 in the form of the battery pack 1 that plurality of secondary cell links together be arranged on car body, and by The external power source 11 illustrated in Fig. 1 (b) charges.
In electric vehicle 9, electric power is by means of oscillating magnetic field by the magnetic coupling between antenna in battery pack 1 and external electrical It is wirelessly transferred between source 11.And, electric power is also by means of oscillating magnetic field by the way that the magnetic coupling between antenna is in battery pack 1 and drives It is wirelessly transferred between motor 18.
Battery pack 1 includes that (battery pack side power sends for first antenna (battery pack side power receiver antenna) 6 and the second antenna Antenna) 7.Third antenna (vehicle side power receiver antenna) 13 is placed in the car body of electric vehicle 9, relative with the second antenna 7.The Electric power is wirelessly transmitted to third antenna 13 by two antennas 7.On the other hand, first antenna 6 electric power is wirelessly transmitted to be placed in it is electronic The 4th antenna (mains side power transmission antenna) 14 outside vehicle 9.These antenna is by via the electromagnetic field of resonator The element of an object transmission to another target of the coupling phenomenon by energy from two targets that produces of disappearance hangover.
Present embodiment is no longer needed between battery pack 1 and drive motor 18 and battery pack 1 and external power source 11 Connector grafting is operated, and this connector grafting operation is necessary for routine techniques.The short of connector can also be prevented Road.It is additionally, since at the resonant frequency fx by magnetic coupling (by means of the coupling of oscillating magnetic field) Wireless power transmission, therefore will not Cause energy loss, energy loss otherwise will be caused when electromagnetic transmission is to remote position.Therefore, it can with very high Efficiency transmission power.The loss ratio caused using this energy transmission technology of the coupling phenomenon in resonant electromagnetic field (that is, near field) Much less is wanted using the known non-contact power transfer of the Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.And, even if between antennas away from From it is longer when, it is also possible to the transmission of effective energy is realized by this technology.For example, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, Energy can be transmitted between two resonators (or antenna), the spacing between the two resonators with up to several meters.I.e. Make antenna slightly misalignment each other, it is also possible to keep high efficiency of transmission.
Referring now to Fig. 2-5, the first embodiment of the present invention will be described in further detail.
In the accompanying drawing being related to below, it is indicated by the same numbers with the element identical element that illustrates in Fig. 1.Figure The main element and its equivalent circuit of 2 and 3 electric vehicles for respectively illustrating present embodiment.Figure 4 and 5 respectively illustrate this reality Apply the main element and its equivalent circuit of the power-supply system of mode.Note, the space configuration of the various elements illustrated in accompanying drawing is only It is merely illustrative, and space configuration not limited to this.
As shown in Fig. 2 the electric vehicle 9 of present embodiment include drive motor 18 as power source, for controlling The drive control part 16 of power transmission to drive motor 18, for supplying the electric power being driven to drive motor 18 Battery pack 1, for receiving electric power from battery pack 1 and by first energy transmissive portion of the power transmission to drive motor 18 22 and for battery pack 1 to be fixed to the battery pack maintaining part 54 of car body.Drive motor 18 for example can be such as to sense The ac motor of motor or permasyn morot etc, or for dc motor or any other motor.When making When using ac motor, drive control part 16 is by the electrical power conversion received from battery pack 1 into supply to drive motor 18 Suitable AC power.
Battery pack 1 includes vehicle attachment structure 8.By means of vehicle attachment structure 8 and battery pack maintaining part 54, battery pack 1 The car body of electric vehicle 9 is connected to, and is retained as allowing it to be removed.Vehicle attachment structure 8 and battery pack keep Portion 54 can be placed on any position, as long as battery pack 1 can stably be kept.Battery pack maintaining part 54 is for example placed on electronic Below the seat of vehicle 9, and battery pack 1 is maintained at into settling position.Vehicle attachment structure 8 and battery pack maintaining part 54 can be by Any material is formed, and its shape is also design alternative problem.
Battery pack 1 includes at least one secondary cell 2.Secondary cell 2 can be any electricity that can be electrically charged/discharge Pond, and can be for example lithium ion battery, Ni-MH battery, lead accumulator etc..Preferably, secondary cell 2 is placed on battery pack 1 In, and including multiple " modules " for linking together, wherein each module includes multiple " the battery lists being connected in series First " (the minimum form of battery, including electrode and electrolyte).When being used for commonly used in used in electric vehicle, battery pack 1 Total electric energy is for example set to 10kWh or bigger.The configuration of secondary cell 2 in battery pack 1 can be any configuration, as long as it can Export enough electric power to allow the long-play of electric vehicle 9.
Battery pack 1 is included for receiving the first antenna 6 of the radio-frequency power for sending from the outside, for will be from first antenna 6 The electrical power conversion for receiving is into the battery pack side rectifier 5 of dc power, for the switching secondary cell 2 between charging and discharging And secondary cell 2 is controlled to optimize the control unit 3 of charging current and voltage according to charged state, for will be from secondary cell 2 Electrical power conversion into the battery pack side oscillator 4 of radio-frequency power and for basis from penetrating that battery pack side oscillator 4 is received Frequency power produces second antenna 7 in magnetic field.
First energy transmissive portion 22 include with the magnetic coupling of the second antenna 7 with receive radio-frequency power third antenna 13 and For the radio-frequency power received by third antenna 13 being converted into into dc power and dc power being exported to drive control part 16 driving side rectifier 15.Third antenna 13 is placed as relative with the second antenna 7.
As shown in figure 3, first antenna 6 is the first inductor 111 and the first capacitor 112 for including being connected in series LC resonance circuits.Second antenna 7 is the LC for including the second inductor 113 and the second capacitor 114 being connected in parallel Resonance circuit, third antenna 13 is the LC resonance for including the 3rd inductor 115 and the 3rd capacitor 116 being connected in series Circuit.The electric capacity of capacitor and the inductance value of inductor are arranged so that the resonant frequency of the second antenna 7 and third antenna 13 Resonant frequency has equal value fa.Battery pack side oscillator 4 is set to produce the sinusoidal voltage that frequency is equal to resonant frequency fa. In the present embodiment, resonant frequency fa is for example set to 0.5～10MHz.
As shown in figure 4, in addition to the element of electric vehicle 9, the power-supply system 17 of present embodiment is also included for inciting somebody to action From the second energy transmissive portion 24 of the power transmission to battery pack 1 of the supply of external power source 11.Second energy transmissive portion 24 includes electricity The antenna 14 of source oscillator 12 and the 4th.
As shown in figure 5, the 4th antenna 14 is the 4th inductor 117 and the 4th capacitor for including being connected in parallel 118 LC resonance circuits.The electric capacity of the 4th capacitor 118 and the inductance value of the 4th inductor 117 are arranged so that the 4th antenna 14 resonant frequency has value fb of the resonant frequency equal to first antenna 6.Mains side oscillator 12 is set to produce frequency etc. In the sinusoidal voltage of resonant frequency fb.In the present embodiment, resonant frequency fb is for example set to 0.5～10MHz.
As battery pack side oscillator 4 and mains side oscillator 12, it is possible to use D, E of high efficiency and low distortion will be realized Or F class A amplifier As or Doherty amplifiers.Alternatively, lost by the way that low pass filter or bandpass filter are arranged on into generation band After the switch element of the output signal of true component, sine wave can be expeditiously produced.
Preferably, external power source 11, the antenna 14 of mains side oscillator 12 and the 4th are arranged on charging station, parking lot, house In.Multiple 4th antennas 14 can be imbedded under street along the certain limit in street.In this case, electric vehicle 9 can be charged via arbitrary 4th antenna 14 to secondary cell 2.During charging, electric vehicle 9 is placed so that One antenna 6 is substantially relative with the 4th antenna 14.
In power-supply system 17, antenna is preferably arranged such that sky of the antenna between the 4th antenna 14 and first antenna 6 Between in, do not covered by metal in the space between the second antenna 7 and third antenna 13 and near each antenna.If my god Line is covered by metal, then oscillating magnetic field is blocked, so as to hinder power transmission.External power source 11 can for AC100V or The common power of AC200V, or can be the power supply of higher voltage.
The power transmission during charging in power-supply system 17 is will be described in now.Mains side oscillator 12 is received from outer The electric power of portion's power supply 11, and electrical power conversion is equal to the radio frequency of resonant frequency fb of the antenna 14 of first antenna 6 and the 4th into frequency Power.It is input into the 4th antenna 14 from the radio-frequency power of the output of mains side oscillator 12.4th antenna 14 and first antenna 6 pass through Between resonance circuit formed oscillating magnetic field and be coupled.Therefore, first antenna 6 can be efficiently received from the 4th antenna 14 radio-frequency powers for sending.The radio-frequency power that first antenna 6 is received is converted into dc power by battery pack side rectifier 5, with After be input into control unit 3, so as to be charged to secondary cell 2.Control unit 3 is controlled, with according to the charging of secondary cell 2 State optimization charging current and voltage.For example, charging current is maintained at constant level by control unit 3, until the electricity of secondary cell 2 Pressure reaches predetermined voltage, and is subsequently gradually lowered charging current so that charging voltage is constant.
The power transmission when electric vehicle 9 runs is will be described in now.
It is input into battery pack side oscillator 4 by control unit 3 from the power of the release of secondary cell 2.Battery pack side oscillator 4 will The discharge power of input is converted into frequency equal to the second antenna 7 and the radio-frequency power of resonant frequency fa of third antenna 13.From electricity The radio-frequency power of the output of pond group side oscillator 4 is input into the second antenna 7.Second antenna 7 and third antenna 13 pass through resonance circuit Between formed oscillating magnetic field and be coupled.Therefore, third antenna 13 can be efficiently received what is sent from the second antenna 7 Radio-frequency power.The radio-frequency power that third antenna 13 is received is sent to drive by driving side rectifier 15 to be converted into dc power Dynamic control unit 16.Drive control part 16 rightly changes the dc power for receiving, and by the power transmission of conversion to including drive The drive system of dynamic motor 18.
According to present embodiment, can be between the energy transmissive portion 22 of battery pack 1 and first and the energy of battery pack 1 and second Wireless power transmission between amount transport part 24.Due to no longer needing to carry out conventional electric car needs using cable and connector Battery pack grafting is operated, therefore, it is possible to no longer need to change during battery pack by cable connector to connector/pull out from connector Cable.The electric shock during operating or the electric leakage caused by rainwater can also be avoided.As a result, it is possible to easily and safely change battery Group 1.
According to present embodiment, compared with the conventional method by means of electromagnetic induction, due to by by means of oscillating magnetic field Coupling carry out Wireless power transmission, therefore high efficiency of transmission can be kept, even if the distance between antenna longer (e.g., same day When distance between centers of tracks is about the several times of antenna bond length) even if or antenna simultaneously misalignment each other.
Each inductor is for example made up of coil.Although in the present embodiment, there is each inductor the number of turn to be more than 1 Helical structure and rectangular shape, but they can have the structure and shape different from this.Each inductor can have the number of turn For 1 loop configuration, and there can be round-shaped, elliptical shape etc..These inductors are not necessarily by single-conductor figure Case is made, and can be including the multi-layer conductive pattern being connected in series.
" the master meter of the inductor is referred to here as by the plane of the contour limit of the layer with maximum area in each inductor Face ".The first type surface here of inductor is also referred to as " first type surface " of antenna.For example, the first type surface of first antenna 6 refers to the first inductance The first type surface of device 111.
Although the shape of the shape of first antenna 6 and the second antenna 7 is shown as being respectively equivalent to the 4th day in figures 2 and 4 The shape of line 14 and third antenna 13, even if they have configurations differing from one, will also obtain advantages of the present invention.First The antenna 14 of antenna 6 and the 4th is placed as toward each other during charging, and the second antenna 7 and third antenna 13 are placed as each other Relatively.However, the antenna 14 of first antenna 6 and the 4th strictly toward each other, and need not require nothing more than them and be placed as not It is orthogonal.Similarly, the second antenna 7 and third antenna 13 strictly toward each other, and need not require nothing more than them and are placed For not orthogonal.
Although in the present embodiment, first antenna 6 and third antenna 13 are series resonant circuit, and the He of the second antenna 7 4th antenna 14 is antiresonant circuit, but the circuit of antenna configures not limited to this.Each antenna can be series resonant circuit Or antiresonant circuit, as long as suitably determining the resonant frequency of antenna.Although each antenna is described above includes capacitor, The magnetic coupling of two inductors with equal self-resonant frequency can be adopted, and does not adopt capacitor.
Referring now to Fig. 6 and 7, by the preferential direction of description antenna.Fig. 6 shows the first type surface with the antenna of battery pack 1 The preferred disposition of parallel plane.Fig. 6 (a) shows a kind of configuration, wherein flat with the first of the major surfaces in parallel of first antenna 6 Face 121 and intersected with each other with 45 ° or bigger of angle with the second plane 122 of the major surfaces in parallel of the second antenna 7.Fig. 6 (b) shows A kind of configuration is gone out, wherein the first plane 121 and the second plane 122 are orthogonal.
If the antenna 7 of first antenna 6 and second of battery pack 1 shares equal resonant frequency or with approximating Resonant frequency, then be likely to occur unnecessary coupling between the antenna 7 of first antenna 6 and second, therefore reduces efficiency of transmission.According to The research of the present inventor, when the direction of the magnetic flux produced by power transmission antenna is closer to the magnetic produced by power receiver antenna During the direction of flux, the intensity by the coupling of oscillating magnetic field is higher.In other words, when power transmission antenna and power receive day Configuration between line closer to it is orthogonal when, the induced current of power receiver antenna side is fewer, thus couple it is weaker.
Therefore, although the first plane 121 and the second plane 122 are most preferably mutually orthogonal directions, but they need not be strictly It is orthogonal.In the present embodiment, the angle between the first plane 121 and the second plane 122 is preferably 45 ° or bigger, more Preferably 60 ° or bigger, and even more preferably 75 ° or bigger.
Referring now to Fig. 7, by the preferred disposition of description antenna.
By emi analysis, the inventors discovered that a kind of antenna configuration, using this antenna configuration, can be in first antenna 6 and the 4th realize high-transmission efficiency between antenna 14 and between the second antenna 7 and third antenna 13.Fig. 7 (a) shows this point The shape of the antenna (inductor) used in analysis and configuration.In this analysis, the inductor of each antenna has rectangular shape, and And the long side of each inductor is located at identical direction.The first type surface of the second inductor 113 and the 3rd inductor 115 is orthogonal to The first type surface of one inductor 111, the major surfaces in parallel of the 4th inductor 117 is in the first type surface of the first inductor 111.Vertically When being projected in the plane including the first type surface of the first inductor 111, the center of the second inductor 113 and the 3rd inductor 115 It is centrally located in the region limited by the first type surface of the first inductor 111.
Fig. 7 (b) shows the planar interception that double dot dash line watch from the direction of arrow, along in by Fig. 7 (a) is indicated The sectional view of inductor.In Fig. 7 (b), " size " of the first inductor 111 is expressed as L1.First inductor as used herein 111 " size " refers to the length of the first type surface along the direction vertical with the first type surface of the second inductor 113 of the first inductor 111 Degree.For example, if the first inductor 111 has the rectangular shape as shown in Fig. 7 (a), " size " of the first inductor 111 is fixed Justice is the length of its shorter edge.If inductor have it is round-shaped, should " size " be defined as the diameter of inductor.When vertical When being projected on the first type surface of the first inductor 111, Ls represents the center of the first inductor 111 and in the second inductor 113 Center and the center of the 3rd inductor 115 between the distance between the midpoint of line segment that extends.Fig. 7 (c) shows efficiency of transmission Separation degree and antenna between is relative to the antenna 14 of first antenna 6 and the 4th to (first antenna to) and the He of the second antenna 7 Relation of the third antenna 13 to the displacement (Ls/L1) between (the second antenna pair).In Fig. 7 (c), path 1 represents the second antenna 7 And the efficiency of transmission between third antenna 13, path 2 represents the efficiency of transmission between the antenna 14 of first antenna 6 and the 4th.Separate Degree represents the separation degree between the antenna 7 of first antenna 6 and second.The condition of the analysis is as follows.
(1) with regard to the first inductor 111 and the condition of the 4th inductor 117
Size：500mm × 500mm, the number of turn：2, wire spacing：5mm (individual layer), line is thick：0.1mm, wire material dielectric is normal Number：7×108, antenna distance：300mm
(2) with regard to the second inductor 113 and the condition of the 3rd inductor 115
Size：500mm × 100mm, the number of turn：2, wire spacing：5mm (individual layer), line is thick：0.1mm, wire material dielectric is normal Number：7×108, antenna distance：20mm
The distance between minimal surface of the upper space of (3) first inductors 111 and the second inductor 113
70mm
(4) resonant frequency
1MHz
As shown in Fig. 7 (c), when following inequality (1) is met, first antenna pair and the second antenna pair all realize 90% Or higher efficiency of transmission, this is preferred level in practice：
Ls<0.3×L1 (1)
When following inequality (2) are met, can further improve efficiency of transmission：
Ls<0.2×L1 (2)
Even if being unsatisfactory for above-mentioned inequality 1, as long as meeting the condition (Ls of the analysis<0.5 × L1), it is also possible to keep 80% Or higher efficiency of transmission, and can fully realize advantages of the present invention.
Fig. 8 shows the configuration of the power-supply system with the preferred antenna configuration illustrated in Fig. 7 (b).
Note, although in this analysis the resonant frequency of the resonant frequency of first antenna pair and the second antenna pair is set to phase Same value, but by the way that resonant frequency is set to into different values, can further suppress unnecessary coupling.
The second antenna pair is illustrated above preferably as close to the center of first antenna pair.Preferably, in battery pack 1 Antenna is set to meet above-mentioned inequality 1 or 2.
The wireless power transfer method of the electric vehicle 9 of present embodiment can be widely applied to outside electric vehicle Other electrically powered machines.For example, the method can apply to the combination axle shaft by using drive motor 18 and internal combustion engine Hybrid electric vehicle, bus, train, elevator etc..
(embodiment 2)
Referring now to Fig. 9, second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
The electric vehicle 9 illustrated in Fig. 9 includes seat 134 and multiple wheels so that passenger 132 can as shown in the figure Seat.Battery pack maintaining part 54 keeps battery pack 1 so that the major surfaces in parallel of first antenna 6 is placed in ground, and the second antenna 7 first type surface is placed perpendicular to ground.The major surfaces in parallel of the 4th antenna 14 is placed in the first type surface of first antenna 6, the 3rd day The major surfaces in parallel of line 13 is placed in the first type surface of the second antenna 7.Note, a wheel, but this enforcement are illustrate only in fig .9 The electric vehicle 9 of mode has 4 wheels.These wheels are driven by drive motor 18.
During battery pack 1 is placed so that the distance from the antenna of seat 134 to the second 7 is longer than from seat 134 to battery pack 1 The distance of the heart.The center of battery pack as used herein 1 refers to its space center, rather than its center of gravity.And, the master of first antenna 6 Surface have it is shorter along vehicle traveling direction and along the longer shape of vehicular transverse direction, and the master meter mask of the second antenna 7 Have along vehicle vertical direction it is shorter and along the longer shape of vehicular transverse direction.The antenna 7 of first antenna 6 and second is arranged so that Their longitudinal direction is consistent with each other.With the exception of the features described above, present embodiment is configured similarly to first embodiment.Note Meaning, " direct of travel " refers to electric vehicle 9 by rotating the direction that wheel goes to.
In the case of the 4th antenna 14 is imbedded below parking lot or street, the 4th of the electric vehicle 9 of present embodiment the Antenna 14 and first antenna 6 can easily be magnetically coupled together, because the major surfaces in parallel of first antenna 6 is in ground.Even if First antenna 6 along vehicular transverse direction and the misalignment of the 4th antenna 14, remain able to first antenna 6 first type surface and the 4th day Big overlap is kept between the first type surface of line 14.Therefore, using the configuration of present embodiment, the drop of efficiency of transmission can be suppressed It is low.And, although the magnetic field produced by the second antenna 7 will be present in the position of passenger 132, but the magnetic field to passenger's 132 Impact can remain it is low because the second antenna 7 is far apart with seat 134.
As described above, in the present embodiment, can realize charging with the efficiency of even more high, while keeping magnetic field to taking advantage of The low impact of visitor, realizes the security of higher level.
Note, in the present embodiment, by arranging the material with high magnetic permeability between the antenna 7 of passenger 132 and second Material, can be with the direction of magnetic deflection field.Thus, it is possible to further reduce impact of the magnetic field to passenger 132.
Present embodiment is related to the electric vehicle with 4 wheels, but in the electrically powered machine of the present invention wheel quantity not Always 4.
(embodiment 3)
Referring now to Figure 10 and 11, third embodiment of the present invention will be described.
Figure 10 shows the basic structure of the electric vehicle of present embodiment.Figure 11 shows the electric motor car of present embodiment Equivalent circuit diagram.Main difference between present embodiment and embodiment 1 is, the electric vehicle bag of present embodiment Include the second secondary cell 52 different from secondary cell 2 in battery pack 1.
As shown in Figure 10, electric vehicle includes the second secondary cell 52 as driving battery that can be electrically charged/discharge, And the recharge-discharge control unit 51 of the circuit as the charge/discharge for the second secondary cell 52 of control.Secondary cell 2 Capacity be arranged so that battery pack 1 enough gently to be carried around by personnel, and be provided with carrying handle 53.
Using the electric vehicle of present embodiment, recharge-discharge control unit 51 is by the electric power output of the second secondary cell 52 To drive control part 16.Drive control part 16 is controlled such that the preferential electric power using from recharge-discharge control unit 51, and In the battery level step-down of the second secondary cell 52 using the electric power from battery pack 1.When the second secondary cell 52 In battery level and battery pack 1 battery level of secondary cell 2 all step-down when, passenger can hold the handle 53 of battery pack 1 simultaneously The battery pack 1 being finished is removed from electric vehicle, with full charge of battery pack 1 it is changed.After replacement, drive electronic Machine 18 obtains electric power from full charge of battery pack 1.
In the present embodiment, because battery pack 1 is lightweight and is easily carried around, therefore when the battery of secondary cell 2 During level step-down, battery pack 1 can be easily and safely changed.The time to be charged such as therefore, there is no need to, and vehicle can be with Resume operation within the relatively short time.It is noted that in the present embodiment, the 4th antenna 14 need not imbed parking lot or street Under genuine, and it can be the charge independence pulvilliform formula that the battery pack 1 that is placed on it can be charged.
(embodiment 4)
Referring now to Figure 12, by the 4th embodiment of the description present invention.
Used as the example of the power-supply system of the present invention, Figure 12 shows the master of the power-supply system for automatic guide robot Want element.Basic configuration of the basic configuration of present embodiment similar to the electric vehicle of embodiment 1.
The automatic guide robot 146 illustrated in the figure for example can be the carrying robot used in plant produced line, And including battery pack 1 and the drive motor 18 as power source.Battery pack 1 includes electronic for supplying power to driving The secondary cell 2 of machine 18, for by from the electrical power conversion of secondary cell 2 into the battery pack side oscillator 4 of radio-frequency power and For being carried out the antenna 7 of first antenna 6 and second of Wireless power transmission by means of oscillating magnetic field.Automatic guide robot 146 is also wrapped Include third antenna 13, its and therewith magnetic coupling relative with the second antenna 7, and from the second antenna 7 electric power by third antenna 13 receive and transmit to drive motor 18.
Secondary cell 2 is charged from external power source 11.Mains side oscillator 12 is by from the electric power of external power source 11 Frequency is converted into equal to the 4th antenna 14 and the radio-frequency power of the resonant frequency of first antenna 6.4th antenna 14 can pass through root According to the radio-frequency power from mains side oscillator 12 produce oscillating magnetic field with the magnetic coupling of first antenna 6, and by power transmission extremely First antenna 6.The power transmission that first antenna 6 is received to secondary cell 2, so as to be charged to secondary cell 2.
(embodiment 5)
Referring now to Figure 13, by the 5th embodiment of the description present invention.
Used as the example of the power-supply system of the present invention, Figure 13 shows the main unit of the power-supply system for household electrical appliance Part.Power transmission method of the power transmission method of present embodiment similar to the electric vehicle of embodiment 1.
The household electrical appliance 148 illustrated in the figure for example can be mobile phone or personal computer, i.e. any battery operation Device.Wireless power transfer can be used for being charged secondary cell 2 and for will supply from the electric power of secondary cell 2 To load 150.
Power-supply system for household electrical appliance 148 includes electrically operated load 150, loads 150 for supplying power to Battery pack 1 and mains side energy transmissive portion 152.Battery pack 1 includes the secondary cell for supplying power to load 150 2nd, for by from the electrical power conversion of secondary cell 2 into the battery pack side oscillator 4 of radio-frequency power and for by means of resonance The antenna 7 of first antenna 6 and second of Wireless power transmission is carried out in magnetic field.Household electrical appliance 148 also include it is relative with the second antenna 7 and with Magnetic-coupled third antenna 13, and the electric power from the second antenna 7 received by third antenna 13 and transmit to load 150.
Secondary cell 2 is charged from external power source 11.External power source 11 is by power transmission to mains side oscillator 12. Mains side oscillator 12 will be equal to the resonance of the 4th antenna 14 and first antenna 6 from the electrical power conversion of external power source 11 into frequency The radio-frequency power of frequency.4th antenna 14 can pass through to produce oscillating magnetic field according to the radio-frequency power from mains side oscillator 12 With with the magnetic coupling of first antenna 6, and by power transmission to first antenna 6.The power transmission that first antenna 6 is received is to secondary electricity Pond 2, so as to be charged to secondary cell 2.
Industrial applicability
The electrically powered machine of the present invention is not limited to electric vehicle, but can be applied to such as battery-operated motor cycle, electrical salf-walking The electronic mobile device of car, electric wheelchair and electric erection scooter etc, and automatic guide robot etc..The electricity of the present invention Pond group and power-supply system equally can be not only used for above-mentioned electrically powered machine, and can be used for the various of requirement replacing secondary cell Electronic installation/equipment.
Although describing the present invention with reference to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be evident to those skilled in the art that can To change disclosed invention in many ways, and disclosed invention can take those embodiment party being described in detail above Other numerous embodiments outside formula.Therefore, claims should be covered and fall into true spirit and scope of the present invention Within to the present invention all modifications.
Reference numerals list
1 battery pack
Secondary cell in 2 battery packs
Control unit in 3 battery packs
4 battery pack side oscillators
5 battery pack side rectifiers
6 first antennas
7 second antennas
8 vehicle attachment structures
9 electric vehicles
11 external power sources
12 mains side oscillators
13 third antennas
14 the 4th antennas
15 drive side rectifier
16 drive control parts
17 power-supply systems
18 drive motors
22 first energy transmissive portions
24 second energy transmissive portions
51 recharge-discharge control units
52 second secondary cells
The handle of 53 battery packs
54 battery pack maintaining parts
Recharge-discharge control circuit in 61 convenient examples
Battery pack in 62 convenient examples
External power source in 63 convenient examples
Vehicle-side connector in 64 convenient examples
Battery pack side connector in 65 convenient examples
Battery pack side power output connector in 66 convenient examples
Power supply in 67 convenient examples
The cable from external power source in 68 convenient examples
Power connector in 69 convenient examples
Electric vehicle in 70 convenient examples
Electrokinetic cell in 72 convenient examples
The inductor of 111 first antennas
The capacitor of 112 first antennas
The inductor of 113 second antennas
The capacitor of 114 second antennas
The inductor of 115 third antennas
The capacitor of 116 third antennas
The inductor of 117 the 4th antennas
The capacitor of 118 the 4th antennas
121 parallel to first antenna first type surface plane
122 parallel to the second antenna first type surface plane
123 parallel to third antenna first type surface plane
124 parallel to the 4th antenna first type surface plane
132 passengers
134 seats
136 wheels
146 automatic guide robots
148 household electrical appliance
150 loads
152 mains side energy transmissive portions

Claims (23)

1. a kind of electrically powered machine, including：
Drive motor；
Battery pack, for supplying power to drive motor；With
Energy transmissive portion, for the electric energy exported from battery pack to be transmitted to drive motor, wherein：
Battery pack includes as an entirety：
First antenna, for by being coupled with the first oscillating magnetic field produced by the power supply outside electrically powered machine, receiving From the electric power of the power supply；
At least one secondary cell, the electric power received by first antenna is charged；
Oscillating portion, radio-frequency power is produced for basis from the dc power that secondary cell discharges；With
Second antenna, for producing the second oscillating magnetic field according to radio-frequency power；And
Energy transmissive portion includes third antenna, and third antenna is coupled with the second oscillating magnetic field produced by the second antenna, so as to The RF power that third antenna is received to drive motor,
First antenna is formed by the first resonance circuit including the first inductor and the first capacitor,
Second antenna is formed by the second resonance circuit including the second inductor and the second capacitor,
The first type surface of first inductor is parallel with the first plane,
The first type surface of second inductor is parallel with the second plane, and second plane is with more than 45 degree of angle and described first Level-crossing,
Second inductor is centrally located at when vertically projecting on the first plane and is vertically projected in first by the first inductor In the region of contour limit when in plane.
2. electrically powered machine according to claim 1, wherein：
Third antenna is formed by the 3rd resonance circuit including the 3rd inductor and the 3rd capacitor.
3. electrically powered machine according to claim 2, wherein the first inductor, the second inductor and the 3rd inductor respectively by Formed with spiral-shaped or annular shape at least one conductive layer.
4. the electrically powered machine according to any one of claim 1-3, the wherein resonant frequency of first antenna are different from second The resonant frequency of antenna.
5. the electrically powered machine according to any one of claim 1-3, including battery pack maintaining part, battery pack maintaining part is used for Removably keep battery pack so that the second antenna is relative with third antenna.
6. electrically powered machine according to claim 1, wherein battery pack are retained as causing the first type surface of the first inductor to put down Row is in ground.
7. the electrically powered machine according to any one of claim 1-3, wherein electrically powered machine is the vehicle with multiple wheels.
8. electrically powered machine according to claim 1, wherein the battery pack, is configured to relative to the electrically powered machine Dismounted.
9. electrically powered machine according to claim 8, is also equipped with being configured to for the battery pack to be fixed on the motor Device and the mounting structure for pulling down the battery pack from the electrically powered machine.
10. electrically powered machine according to claim 8, is also equipped with：
Maintaining part, is configured to keep the battery pack when the battery pack is dismounted relative to the electrically powered machine.
11. electrically powered machines according to claim 1, wherein：
From the RF power of oscillating portion output, second antenna is transfused to,
The third antenna, receives the RF power sent out from second antenna.
12. electrically powered machines according to claim 11, wherein between second antenna and the third antenna, passing through Magnetic coupling based on resonant field wirelessly carries out power transmission.
13. electrically powered machines according to claim 11, wherein：
The first antenna is the special antenna that charges,
Second antenna is the special antenna of electric discharge.
A kind of 14. battery packs, include as an entirety：
First antenna, for by being coupled with the first oscillating magnetic field produced by the power supply positioned at outside, receiving from the electricity The electric power in source；
At least one secondary cell, the electric power received by first antenna is charged；
Oscillating portion, radio-frequency power is produced for basis from the dc power that secondary cell discharges；With
Second antenna, for according to radio-frequency power produce the second oscillating magnetic field, and with positioned at outside third antenna magnetic coupling,
First antenna is formed by the first resonance circuit including the first inductor and the first capacitor,
Second antenna is formed by the second resonance circuit including the second inductor and the second capacitor,
The first type surface of first inductor is parallel with the first plane,
The first type surface of second inductor is parallel with the second plane, and second plane is with more than 45 degree of angle and described first Level-crossing,
Second inductor is centrally located at when vertically projecting on the first plane and is vertically projected in first by the first inductor In the region of contour limit when in plane,
The first antenna is the special antenna that charges, and second antenna is the special antenna of electric discharge.
15. battery packs according to claim 14, the wherein resonant frequency of first antenna are different from the resonance of the second antenna Frequency.
16. battery packs according to claim 14, wherein：
From the RF power of oscillating portion output, second antenna is transfused to,
The third antenna, receives the RF power sent out from second antenna.
17. battery packs according to claim 16, wherein between second antenna and the third antenna, by base Power transmission is wirelessly carried out in the magnetic coupling of resonant field.
18. battery packs according to claim 14, wherein：
With the car body mounting structure for being installed on car body.
19. battery packs according to claim 14, wherein：
With the handle portion for carrying.
A kind of 20. power-supply systems, including：
Battery pack, for supplying power to load；
First energy transmissive portion, for the power transmission that will export from battery pack to load；With
Second energy transmissive portion, for by the power transmission for supplying from the outside to battery pack, wherein：
Battery pack includes as an entirety：
First antenna, for receiving electric power by being coupled with the first oscillating magnetic field produced by the second energy transmissive portion；
At least one secondary cell, the electric power received by first antenna is charged；
First oscillator, the first radio-frequency power is produced for basis from the dc power that secondary cell discharges；With
Second antenna, for producing the second oscillating magnetic field according to the first radio-frequency power,
First antenna is formed by the first resonance circuit including the first inductor and the first capacitor,
Second antenna is formed by the second resonance circuit including the second inductor and the second capacitor,
The first type surface of first inductor is parallel with the first plane,
The first type surface of second inductor is parallel with the second plane, and second plane is with more than 45 degree of angle and described first Level-crossing,
Second inductor is centrally located at when vertically projecting on the first plane and is vertically projected in first by the first inductor In the region of contour limit when in plane,
First energy transmissive portion includes third antenna, and third antenna is coupled with the second oscillating magnetic field produced by the second antenna；
The RF power that third antenna is received is to load；And
Second energy transmissive portion includes：
Second oscillator, for producing the second radio-frequency power using the electric power for supplying from the outside；With
4th antenna, for producing the first oscillating magnetic field by the second radio-frequency power.
A kind of 21. battery packs, include as an entirety：
First antenna, for by being coupled with the first oscillating magnetic field produced by the power supply positioned at outside, receiving from the electricity The electric power in source；
At least one secondary cell, the electric power received by first antenna is charged；
Oscillator, radio-frequency power is produced for basis from the dc power that secondary cell discharges；With
Second antenna, for according to radio-frequency power produce the second oscillating magnetic field, and with positioned at outside third antenna magnetic coupling,
First antenna is formed by the first resonance circuit including the first inductor and the first capacitor,
Second antenna is formed by the second resonance circuit including the second inductor and the second capacitor,
First inductor and the second inductor respectively by being formed with spiral-shaped or annular shape at least one conductive layer,
The first type surface of first inductor is parallel with the first plane,
The first type surface of second inductor is parallel with the second plane, and second plane is with more than 45 degree of angle and described first Level-crossing,
Second inductor is centrally located at when vertically projecting on the first plane and is vertically projected in first by the first inductor In the region of contour limit when in plane.
A kind of 22. electrically powered machines, including：
Drive motor；
Battery pack, for supplying power to drive motor；With
Energy transmissive portion, for the electric energy exported from battery pack to be transmitted to drive motor, wherein：Battery pack is whole as one Body includes：
First antenna, for by being coupled with the first oscillating magnetic field produced by the power supply outside electrically powered machine, receiving From the electric power of the power supply；
At least one secondary cell, the electric power received by first antenna is charged；
Oscillator, radio-frequency power is produced for basis from the dc power that secondary cell discharges；With
Second antenna, for producing the second oscillating magnetic field according to radio-frequency power；And
Energy transmissive portion includes third antenna, and third antenna is coupled with the second oscillating magnetic field produced by the second antenna, so as to The RF power that third antenna is received to drive motor,
First antenna is formed by the first resonance circuit including the first inductor and the first capacitor,
Second antenna is formed by the second resonance circuit including the second inductor and the second capacitor,
First inductor and the second inductor respectively by being formed with spiral-shaped or annular shape at least one conductive layer,
The first type surface of first inductor is parallel with the first plane,
The first type surface of second inductor is parallel with the second plane, and second plane is with more than 45 degree of angle and described first Level-crossing,
Second inductor is centrally located at when vertically projecting on the first plane and is vertically projected in first by the first inductor In the region of contour limit when in plane.
A kind of 23. power-supply systems, including：
Battery pack, for supplying power to load；
First energy transmissive portion, for the power transmission that will export from battery pack to load；With
Second energy transmissive portion, for by the power transmission for supplying from the outside to battery pack, wherein：
Battery pack includes as an entirety：
First antenna, for receiving electric power by being coupled with the first oscillating magnetic field produced by the second energy transmissive portion；
At least one secondary cell, the electric power received by first antenna is charged；
First oscillator, the first radio-frequency power is produced for basis from the dc power that secondary cell discharges；With
Second antenna, for producing the second oscillating magnetic field according to the first radio-frequency power,
First antenna is formed by the first resonance circuit including the first inductor and the first capacitor,
Second antenna is formed by the second resonance circuit including the second inductor and the second capacitor,
First inductor and the second inductor respectively by being formed with spiral-shaped or annular shape at least one conductive layer,
The first type surface of first inductor is parallel with the first plane,
The first type surface of second inductor is parallel with the second plane, and second plane is with more than 45 degree of angle and described first Level-crossing,
Second inductor is centrally located at when vertically projecting on the first plane and is vertically projected in first by the first inductor In the region of contour limit when in plane,
First energy transmissive portion includes third antenna, and third antenna is coupled with the second oscillating magnetic field produced by the second antenna；
The RF power that third antenna is received is to load；And
Second energy transmissive portion includes：
Second oscillator, for producing the second radio-frequency power using the electric power for supplying from the outside；With
4th antenna, for producing the first oscillating magnetic field by the second radio-frequency power.
CN201410190932.7A 2009-10-14 2010-10-13 Electric machine and power supply system having battery pack Active CN104015627B (en)

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