CN103960175B - The batch abductive approach of a kind of turbot tetraploid fry - Google Patents

The batch abductive approach of a kind of turbot tetraploid fry Download PDF

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CN103960175B
CN103960175B CN201310039710.0A CN201310039710A CN103960175B CN 103960175 B CN103960175 B CN 103960175B CN 201310039710 A CN201310039710 A CN 201310039710A CN 103960175 B CN103960175 B CN 103960175B
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induction
turbot
tetraploid
fertilized egg
ovum
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CN103960175A (en
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尤锋
吴志昊
胡金伟
马得友
谭训刚
张培军
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Institute of Oceanology of CAS
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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Abstract

The present invention relates to genome walking technology, is the batch abductive approach of a kind of turbot tetraploid fry specifically.Select sexually matured turbot parent fish, collect seminal fluid and ovum respectively, stand-by; Get above-mentioned seminal fluid and ovum by volume 1:100-200 ratio inseminate, as a control group; After control group artificial insemination 15 ~ 25min, by the seminal fluid of above-mentioned collection and ovum by volume 1:100-200 ratio inseminate, as induction group; Occur that the time of First cleavage trace occurs the time of First cleavage trace as induction group fertilized egg using control group 70 ~ 80% fertilized egg, front 10 ~ 20min is there is at induction group First cleavage trace, induction group fertilized egg is placed in hydrostatic press pressurizing vessel, the process of pressure shock is carried out under 60 ~ 70MPa hydrostatic pressing, pressure release after process 6 ~ 8min, take out fertilized egg, be placed in seawater and continue to cultivate; Then at gastrula stage and fish seedling determination tetraploid rate.The tetraploid rate adopting this method to obtain is up to 90%, efficiently, stably can induce and obtain turbot tetraploid fry.

Description

The batch abductive approach of a kind of turbot tetraploid fry
Technical field
The present invention relates to genome walking technology, specifically a kind of principle utilizing hydrostatic pressure to suppress the fertilized egg spilting of an egg, the method for batch induction turbot tetraploid fry.
Background technology
Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) belongs to brill section (Scophthalmidae), brill belongs to (Scophthalmus), and its growth is fast, has become the mariculture kind that northern China is main at present, breeding technique and industrial chain also comparatively perfect.But turbot aquaculture is due to for many generations cultivation and inbreeding in recent years, causes kind of a matter serious degradation.Therefore take effective ways, genetic improvement is carried out to turbot, fundamentally solve turbot aquaculture industry improved variety problem and become the task of top priority.Polyploid because its cycle is short, instant effect and safety high, receive the concern of researcher and cultivation dealer always.Wherein, triploid fish has three cover chromosomes, sterile often.The Conversion of Energy that is used for breeding to growth aspect, is shown the feature of fast, individual large, the strong stress resistance of growth, has higher economic worth by sterile triploid organism.So triploid artificial induction and cultivation will be the indispensable effective ways of turbot prevalent variety cultivation.But fish triploid artificial induction generally adopts the method such as temperature shock or hydrostatic pressing to suppress the mode of fertilized egg second polar body discharge to obtain, and every Dai Junxu artificial insemination inducing, operating procedure is relatively loaded down with trivial details; Artificial insemination and induction also have spread effect to fertilized egg, cause fertility rate and hatchability on the low side, thus have impact on its production popularization.And if induction obtains tetraploid turbot, then by the mode of tetraploid and diploid hybrid, carry out triploid Breeding once and for all.Therefore, carry out turbot tetraploid induction and nurturing research, turbot prevalent variety cultivation and aquaculture sustainable health development thereof are very important; Meanwhile, also beneficial reference can be provided for the optimization of other fish tetraploid artificial induction methods.
Artificial induction's seawater fish tetraploid often adopts hydrostatic pressing or temperature shock to suppress the spilting of an egg to obtain, due to temperature shock particularly the cold shock treatment time longer, stimulate comparatively large to fertilized egg, shock temperature also not easily keeps stable, induces tetraploid efficiency and survival rate often lower.And the hydrostatic platen press processing time is shorter, relatively little to the stimulation of fertilized egg, easier production application.The success rate of hydrostatic platen press induction is mainly subject to processing the impact of moment (processing the initial time), processing pressure and processing time (time of process continuity) three factors, and wherein processing the moment is the factor played a decisive role.Therefore, determine that the process moment is the success or not of fish tetraploid induction accurately, and the key of higher inductivity can be obtained.At present, artificial induction tetraploid is applied in fish especially full sea water fish does not also almost have.In Cynoglossus semilaevis, lefteye flounder etc., only had some tentative researchs in left-eyed flounder, and there is not been reported in turbot.The treatment conditions the suitableeest due to different fingerling often have very large difference, therefore, be optimized and be clearly very important to turbot tetraploid induction condition.
Summary of the invention
Cannot accurately determine and the situation that affects induced efficiency for processing the moment in the experiment of tetraploid induction in the past, the object of the invention is the batch abductive approach providing a kind of turbot tetraploid fry.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts technical scheme to be:
A batch abductive approach for turbot tetraploid fry,
1) turbot artificial fertilization:
Select sexually matured turbot parent fish, collect seminal fluid and ovum respectively, stand-by;
Get above-mentioned a small amount of seminal fluid, after activating by a little fresh seawater, rapidly with ovum by volume 1:100-200 mix, the fresh seawater filling into ovum volume 1-5 times amount is subsequently inseminated, after insemination, fertilized egg is rinsed well by fresh seawater, the fresh seawater being placed in ovum volume 5-10 times amount is cultivated, and the nurturing period fills into the fresh seawater of ovum volume 10-15 times amount again, as a control group;
After control group artificial insemination 15 ~-25min, by the residue seminal fluid of above-mentioned collection, after activating by a little fresh seawater, rapidly with ovum by volume 1:100-200 mix, the fresh seawater filling into ovum volume 1-5 times amount is subsequently inseminated, and fertilized egg is rinsed well by fresh seawater after insemination, and the fresh seawater being placed in ovum volume 5-10 times amount is cultivated, nurturing period fills into the fresh seawater of ovum volume 10-15 times amount again, as induction group;
2) chromosome induction doubles
Occur that the time of First cleavage trace occurs the time of First cleavage trace as induction group fertilized egg using control group 70-80% fertilized egg, 10-20min before induction group First cleavage trace occurs, step 1) induction group fertilized egg is placed in hydrostatic press pressurizing vessel, the process of pressure shock is carried out under 60-70MPa hydrostatic pressing, pressure release after process 6-8min, take out fertilized egg, be placed in seawater and continue to cultivate;
3) mensuration of primitive gut and fry tetraploid rate: the primitive gut of induction group is carried out chromosomal Ploidy Identification, and the Ploidy Identification of flow cytometer DNA content is carried out to the fry hatched, obtain turbot gastrula stage and fry phase tetraploid rate.
Described step 1) and step 2) in fertilization period, the period of hatching and Induction period three seawater used in period temperature be the long required water temperature of suitable turbot oviparity constant arbitrarily between 13-18 DEG C; The ocean temperature that wherein three periods are used should be consistent, and the temperature difference is within ± 0.1 DEG C.
Described is about 1min before the process of induction group by the step 1) induction group fertilized egg time be placed in hydrostatic press pressurizing vessel.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect as follows:
1. present invention improves over the defining method processing the moment in the existing tetraploid induction of seawater fish.Hydrostatic pressing induction fish tetraploid makes fertilized ovum chromosome double by suppressing the fertilized egg spilting of an egg, and its process moment, the determination in the past processing the moment calculated according to fertilization time generally before First cleavage.For turbot, the comparatively suitable cultivation temperature of its fertilized egg is 13-18 DEG C, and wherein when 13-14 DEG C of seawater is cultivated, the turbot fertilized eggs First cleavage time is 130-150min; When 15-16 DEG C, its First cleavage time is 95-110min; When 17-18 DEG C, the First cleavage time is then 60-70min.So, in cultivating process, even if trickle water temperature change, the turbot fertilized eggs spilting of an egg time also can be made obviously to shift to an earlier date or delay.After fertilization 80-90min is engraved in during its process when 15 ± 0.1 DEG C of seawater are cultivated; Water temperature drop 1 DEG C, turbot fertilized eggs First cleavage trace time of occurrence can delay more than 10min, now processing the moment should be after fertilization 90-100min, if still process by the original process moment, then fertilized egg is not also grown expected degree and just started to be processed; In like manner, if during this period water temperature raises and to process the moment constant, then growth is exceeded expected degree and just starts to be processed by fertilized egg, and this all directly affects induced efficiency, and causes induction group incubation rate to reduce.The present invention determines the induction group process moment according to the control group fertilized egg First cleavage trace time of occurrence of 15-25min fertilization in advance, before induction group fertilized egg First cleavage trace occurs, 10-20min starts process, interval time only has 10-20min, greatly be shorter than the interval time according to 80-90min during the fertilization time computing moment, the impact being subject to the change of the external environment such as water temperature, temperature is less.And the spilting of an egg trace of fertilized egg is also easy to observe under anatomical lens.
2. in the past in left-eyed flounder tetraploid induction method, hatching water temperature is often a temperature range, as 15-17 DEG C, 19-23 DEG C etc.As mentioned before, even if the change of trickle water temperature also can cause very large impact to the growth sequential of fertilized egg, so induce, then cannot accurately determine to process the moment, make inducing effect unstable, repeatability is poor.And the present invention fully takes into account the change that water temperature can cause the fertilized egg spilting of an egg time, temperature (13-18 DEG C) is cultivated according to turbot fertilized eggs is comparatively suitable, under cultivation water temperature before treatment being fixed on 15 ± 0.1 DEG C or other specific preference temperature, the induction group fertilized egg spilting of an egg time is consistent substantially, inductive condition is more stable, makes its inductivity have good repeatability.
3. in different flounder sole kinds, the suitableeest tetraploid induction condition often has very large difference, in reporting, does not all relate to the relevant parameter of turbot tetraploid induction both at home and abroad in the past.The present invention carries out screening and optimizing to the parameter of turbot tetraploid induction first, is ensureing, on the basis that the process moment is stable, to be optimized, to determine best process parameter area to processing pressure intensity and processing time; And can fast and stable according to operating process of the present invention, obtain turbot tetraploid fry in enormous quantities, and then by the tetraploid turbot of induction acquisition and the mode of diploid hybrid, that puts things right once and for all carries out triploid Breeding, obtains the seed of the features such as growth is fast, individual greatly, strong stress resistance thus.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1A provides for the embodiment of the present invention gastrula stage turbot tetraploid induction effect chromosome division phases testing result figure, wherein a left side is dliploid, and the right side is tetraploid.
The fry phase turbot tetraploid induction effect flow cytomery result figure that Figure 1B provides for the embodiment of the present invention, wherein a left side is dliploid, and the right side is tetraploid.
Fig. 2 A, B, C are respectively turbot tetraploid batch induction group developmental state figure, and wherein A is primitive gut, and B is newly hatched larvae and C is 46 days fries.
Embodiment
The present invention is optimized current seawater fish tetraploid artificial induction method, the process moment of inducing can be determined more accurately, improve the stability of induction, the turbot tetraploid fry of height ratio can be obtained, for production and further experimental study provide material and technical support.
Below in conjunction with embodiment in detail the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment fertilization period, the period of hatching and Induction period, three period ocean temperature used be the constant suitable turbot feritilization of ovum and the water temperature of hatching, period of being namely fertilized, the period of hatching and Induction period three ocean temperature in period are 14.5 ± 0.1 DEG C.
1) collection of gamete
Choose the parent population being in essence Sheng expectation product of laying eggs to lie in gently on cushion, wipe the water around its body surface and gonopore and dirt away, then slowly extrude from back to front, smart ovum is clamp-oned in beaker or basin for subsequent use respectively.Dissecting its ovum of Microscopic observation is spheroidal, and transparent, oily ball is concentrated, ovum footpath is moderate, size is homogeneous; Its seminal fluid is creamy white, and concentration is suitable for, and adds that appropriate sea-water activated rear sperm viability is high, walk time is long under microscope.
2) artificial insemination
Control group artificial insemination:
Get 0.1mL seminal fluid, after sea-water activated a little, pour into rapidly in 10mL ovum, stir gently and make it mix, then supplement about 10mL seawater.After fertilization 5min, repeatedly rinse for several times to remove unnecessary seminal fluid by fresh seawater, the container then fertilized egg putting into being filled about 50mL fresh seawater is stand-by, and supplements about 100mL equality of temperature fresh seawater in period.
The artificial insemination of batch induction group:
After control group artificial insemination 25min, get 1.5mL with batch seminal fluid gathered, after sea-water activated a little, pour rapidly 150mL into in batch ovum gathered, stir gently and make it mix.Supplement about 150mL seawater again, after fertilization 5min, repeatedly rinse for several times to remove unnecessary seminal fluid by fresh seawater, the container then fertilized egg putting into being filled about 800mL fresh seawater is stand-by, and supplements about 1500mL equality of temperature fresh seawater in period.
3) determination in moment is processed
After artificial insemination, observe the development of fertilized ova situation of control group and induction group at any time with anatomical lens.When finding control group after fertilization 103min, 70-80% fertilized egg has just started to occur First cleavage trace, is recorded as the First cleavage trace time of induction group,
The process moment of now batch induction group is 20min, i.e. after fertilization 83min before First cleavage trace occurs.
4) the tetraploid induction of turbot
1min(after fertilization 82min before treatment) left and right time, turbot fertilized eggs is connected seawater to be transferred in hydrostatic press pressurizing vessel, be about to rapidly pressure be risen to 60MPa when reaching the process moment, pressure release after process 8min, take out fertilized egg, be placed in equality of temperature seawater and continue to cultivate.
5) calculating of fertilization rate, incubation rate and Ploidy Identification
Fertilization rate is grow the percentage accounting for whole floating ovum number to ovum number blastula stage; Incubation rate is the percentage that newly hatched larvae number accounts for whole floating ovum number.
Get primitive gut and carry out chromosome sectioning, count its chromosome number, determine whether as tetraploid by contrasting with dliploid, turbot diploid chromosome number 2n=44, tetraploid chromosomes number is then 4n=88, calculates tetraploid ratio thus; Get the fry of newly hatched larvae and the rear different developmental phases of hatching, utilize its DNA content of cells were tested by flow cytometry, determine whether as tetraploid by contrasting with dliploid, and calculate its tetraploid ratio (see Fig. 1).
In the present embodiment, batch induction group obtains newly hatched larvae about 11300 tail altogether, and fertilization rate is 41.7%, and incubation rate is 11.3%, and gastrula stage, tetraploid rate was 80%, and newly hatched larvae phase tetraploid rate is 74%.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment fertilization period, the period of hatching and Induction period, three period ocean temperature used be the constant suitable turbot feritilization of ovum and the water temperature of hatching, period of being namely fertilized, the period of hatching and Induction period three ocean temperature in period are 15.0 ± 0.1 DEG C.
1) collection of gamete
Choose the parent population being in essence Sheng expectation product of laying eggs to lie in gently on cushion, wipe the water around its body surface and gonopore and dirt away, then slowly extrude from back to front, smart ovum is clamp-oned in beaker or basin for subsequent use respectively.Its ovum of dissection Microscopic observation is spheroidal, transparent, oily ball is concentrated, ovum footpath is moderate, size is homogeneous; Its seminal fluid is creamy white, and concentration is suitable for, and adds that appropriate sea-water activated rear sperm viability is high, walk time is long under microscope.
2) artificial insemination
Control group artificial insemination:
Get 0.1mL seminal fluid, after sea-water activated a little, pour into rapidly in 15mL ovum, stir gently and make it mix, then supplement about 30mL seawater.After fertilization 5min, repeatedly rinse for several times to remove unnecessary seminal fluid by fresh seawater, the container then fertilized egg putting into being filled about 100mL fresh seawater is stand-by, and supplements about 200mL equality of temperature fresh seawater in period.
The artificial insemination of batch induction group:
After control group artificial insemination 20min, get and carry out being fertilized, washing ovum and hatch with batch smart ovum with control group, smart ovum ratio and the same control group of method.
3) determination in moment is processed
After artificial insemination, observe the development of fertilized ova situation of control group and induction group at any time with anatomical lens.When finding control group after fertilization 95min, 70-80% fertilized egg has just started to occur First cleavage trace, is recorded as the First cleavage time,
The process moment of now batch induction group is 15min, i.e. after fertilization 80min before First cleavage trace occurs.
4) the tetraploid induction of turbot
1min(after fertilization 79min before treatment) left and right time, turbot fertilized eggs is connected seawater to be transferred in hydrostatic press pressurizing vessel, be about to rapidly pressure be risen to 67.5MPa when reaching the process moment, pressure release after process 7min, take out fertilized egg, be placed in equality of temperature seawater and continue to cultivate.
5) calculating of fertilization rate, incubation rate and Ploidy Identification
Fertilization rate is grow the percentage accounting for whole floating ovum number to ovum number blastula stage; Incubation rate is the percentage that newly hatched larvae number accounts for whole floating ovum number.
Get primitive gut and carry out chromosome sectioning, count its chromosome number, determine whether as tetraploid by contrasting with dliploid, turbot diploid chromosome number 2n=44, tetraploid chromosomes number is then 4n=88, calculates tetraploid ratio thus; Get the fry of newly hatched larvae and the rear different developmental phases of hatching, utilize its DNA content of cells were tested by flow cytometry, determine whether as tetraploid by contrasting with dliploid, and calculate its tetraploid ratio.
In the present embodiment, batch induction group obtains newly hatched larvae about 50700 tail altogether, and fertilization rate is 65.0%, and incubation rate is 33.8%, and gastrula stage, tetraploid rate was 85%, and newly hatched larvae phase tetraploid rate is that 88%(is see Fig. 2).
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment fertilization period, the period of hatching and Induction period, three period ocean temperature used be the constant suitable turbot feritilization of ovum and the water temperature of hatching, period of being namely fertilized, the period of hatching and Induction period three ocean temperature in period are 15.5 ± 0.1 DEG C.
1) collection of gamete
Choose the parent population being in essence Sheng expectation product of laying eggs to lie in gently on cushion, wipe the water around its body surface and gonopore and dirt away, then slowly extrude from back to front, smart ovum is clamp-oned in beaker or basin for subsequent use respectively.Its ovum of dissection Microscopic observation is spheroidal, transparent, oily ball is concentrated, ovum footpath is moderate, size is homogeneous; Its seminal fluid is creamy white, and concentration is suitable for, and adds that appropriate sea-water activated rear sperm viability is high, walk time is long under microscope.
2) artificial insemination
Control group artificial insemination:
Get 0.15mL seminal fluid, after sea-water activated a little, pour into rapidly in 30mL ovum, stir gently and make it mix, then supplement about 120mL seawater.After fertilization 5min, repeatedly rinse for several times to remove unnecessary seminal fluid by fresh seawater, the container then fertilized egg putting into being filled about 300mL fresh seawater is stand-by, and supplements about 400mL equality of temperature fresh seawater in period.
The artificial insemination of batch induction group:
After control group artificial insemination 15min, get and carry out being fertilized, washing ovum and hatch with batch smart ovum with control group, smart ovum ratio and the same control group of method.
3) determination in moment is processed
After artificial insemination, observe the development of fertilized ova situation of control group and induction group at any time with anatomical lens.When finding control group after fertilization 88min, 70-80% fertilized egg has just started to occur First cleavage trace, is recorded as the First cleavage time.
Now the batch induction group process moment is 10min, i.e. after fertilization 78min before First cleavage trace occurs.
4) the tetraploid induction of turbot
1min(after fertilization 77min before treatment) left and right time, turbot fertilized eggs is connected seawater to be transferred in hydrostatic press pressurizing vessel, be about to rapidly pressure be risen to 70MPa when reaching the process moment, pressure release after process 6min, take out fertilized egg, be placed in equality of temperature seawater and continue to cultivate.
5) calculating of fertilization rate, incubation rate and Ploidy Identification
Fertilization rate is grow the percentage accounting for whole floating ovum number to ovum number blastula stage; Incubation rate is the percentage that newly hatched larvae number accounts for whole floating ovum number.
Get primitive gut and carry out chromosome sectioning, count its chromosome number, determine whether as tetraploid by contrasting with dliploid, turbot diploid chromosome number 2n=44, tetraploid is then 4n=88, calculates tetraploid ratio thus; Get the fry of newly hatched larvae and the rear different developmental phases of hatching, utilize its DNA content of cells were tested by flow cytometry, determine whether as tetraploid by contrasting with dliploid, and calculate its tetraploid ratio.
In the present embodiment, batch induction group obtains newly hatched larvae about 35000 tail altogether, and fertilization rate is 60.5%, and incubation rate is 17.5%, and gastrula stage, tetraploid rate was 90%, and newly hatched larvae phase tetraploid rate is 88%.
Shown by the above results, operating process of the present invention is simple and quick, and result is stable, reproducible, and the mass induction that can be used for turbot tetraploid fry is produced.And then by the tetraploid turbot of induction acquisition and the mode of diploid hybrid, that puts things right once and for all carries out triploid Breeding.Obtain the seed of the features such as growth is fast, individual greatly, strong stress resistance thus.

Claims (2)

1. a batch abductive approach for turbot tetraploid fry, is characterized in that:
1) turbot artificial fertilization:
Select sexually matured turbot parent fish, collect seminal fluid and ovum respectively, stand-by;
Get above-mentioned seminal fluid and ovum by volume 1:100-200 ratio inseminate, as a control group;
After control group artificial insemination 15 ~ 25min, by the seminal fluid of above-mentioned collection and ovum by volume 1:100-200 ratio inseminate, as induction group;
2) chromosome induction doubles
Occur that the time of First cleavage trace occurs the time of First cleavage trace as induction group fertilized egg using control group 70 ~ 80% fertilized egg, front 10 ~ 20min is there is at induction group First cleavage trace, by step 1) induction group fertilized egg is placed in hydrostatic press pressurizing vessel, the process of pressure shock is carried out under 60 ~ 70MPa hydrostatic pressing, pressure release after process 6 ~ 8min, take out fertilized egg, be placed in seawater and continue to cultivate; Then at gastrula stage and fish seedling determination tetraploid rate;
Described step 1) and step 2) in fertilization period, the period of hatching and Induction period three seawater used in period temperature be the constant long required water temperature of suitable turbot oviparity;
Described step 1) and step 2) in fertilization period, the period of hatching and Induction period, between three periods, the temperature difference of ocean temperature is at ± 0.1 DEG C.
2., by the batch abductive approach of turbot tetraploid fry according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described by step 1) the induction group fertilized egg time be placed in hydrostatic press pressurizing vessel is about 1min before the process of induction group.
CN201310039710.0A 2013-01-31 2013-01-31 The batch abductive approach of a kind of turbot tetraploid fry Expired - Fee Related CN103960175B (en)

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CN104604774B (en) * 2015-02-10 2017-02-22 中国科学院海洋研究所 Induce method for turbot homogenesis gynogenesis fry
CN105230533B (en) * 2015-08-04 2018-07-06 中国水产科学研究院北戴河中心实验站 A kind of induction of lefteye flounder androgenesis dihaploid and detection method
CN105941330A (en) * 2016-06-30 2016-09-21 湖南文理学院 Efficient breeding method for male tetraploid pure lines of soft-shelled turtles
CN114557296B (en) * 2022-02-28 2022-12-02 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 Method for inducing scophthalmus maximus triploid in batches by hydrostatic pressure method

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