CN103931525B - The artificial propagation of the naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang and fry rearing method - Google Patents
The artificial propagation of the naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang and fry rearing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses artificial propagation and the fry rearing method of the naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang, comprise the following steps: 1) collect parent population 2) parent population sterilization raises and train 3) inspection 4 of parent population) the antenatal stimulation 5 of parent population) artificial induced spawning 6) ovum artificial collection fertilization 7) artificial incubation 8) fry rearing.Tool of the present invention has the following advantages: the success 1, obtaining the naked skin-carp meat artificial breeding technology in Xinjiang first, has now reached the output of annual output 200000 tail according to the method; 2, invent half Lentic hatching method and the seedling method for Xinjiang region arid and semi-arid weather, effectively reach the object of cultivation economized; 3, improve traditional artificial insemination mode, artificial breed rate can reach more than 99%; 4, invent Xinjiang naked skin-carp meat parent population antenatal ovum artificial collection sampling observation method, 5, propose the drug concentration of the naked skin-carp meat artificial induced spawning in Xinjiang and frequency of hastening parturition, spawning rate can reach more than 90%; 6, comparatively unique half hydrostatic seedling incubating equipment, facility are manufactured experimently out in independent research.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to artificial propagation and the fry rearing method of the naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang.
Background technology
The naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang is Cyprinidae Schizothoracinae, and these subfamily fish are only distributed in highlands, Asia.Substantially be distributed in Emin River system, all rivers of Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountains, Yilihe River water system, open all River system, Tarim River System upstream and River system upstream, field, contain about about 50% waters, be the hydrobiological key species in these waters (keyspecies) or flagship kind (flagshipspecies).At present, the naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang is only distributed in Xinjiang region, is distinctive indigenous Species of Rare Fish from Qingdao.Schizothoracin class originates from ancient Barbinae fish.
Chinese scholar Cao propagandas etc. are by the Origin and evoluation of counterincision abdomen fish and the further investigation of biological property and Tibetan Plateau uplift relation, Schizothoracinae is divided into 3 the grade monoids adapting to plateau varying environment, these two kinds of schizothoracin classes of the Yilihe River should belong to original species and r-strategist two monoids, therefore do the reason of further research to research China's Schizothoracinae geosystem growth course and Xinjiang region Fish fauna and formation thereof to these two kinds of biology of fishes features and have realistic meaning.
The naked skin-carp meat in current Xinjiang is that I class of " Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regions lays special stress on protecting aqua-marine life register " lays special stress on protecting fish.
In recent years along with the development of Xinjiang water conservancy, many the rivers in the Yilihe River and autonomous region of Uygur are built or has built many dams, reservoir, the water conservancy projectss such as water diversion project, cause the naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang and the decline of spot skin-carp meat Stock resoures, according to state's laws, the requirement of regulation, Yilihe River Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering owner unit and relevant fisheries administrative department urgently wish to pass through research of technique, grasp this two kinds of artificial propagation of fish and enhancement releasing technology, reparation comprise the Yilihe River in Nei Wo district day by day affected aquatic ecological environment, the diversity of protection rareness species.
It is the method for rare, the in imminent danger aquatic species of protection generally adopted at present both at home and abroad that artificial breeding is released, and is also one of method conventional in the measure of current domestic water conservancy project compensation.China adds up to release to the Yangtze river basin and Pearl River Delta mandarin sturgeon 4,530,000 tail over 20 years, saved the extinction of these species; In mid-term in 20th century, the former Soviet Union establishes 13 sturgeon hatcheries, releasing, reaching the target of protection & restoration sturgeon Natural Population resource by carrying out artificial fecundation.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly for above-mentioned defect of the prior art, provides the artificial propagation for the naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang of special arid and semi-arid water-deficient area, Xinjiang weather and fry rearing method.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme provided by the invention is: the artificial propagation of the naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang and fry rearing method, comprise the following steps:
1) parent population is collected:
The parent population source of the naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang is natural river course wild fish, and collecting location is Xinjiang Yili of China river valley middle and upper reaches; Parent population requires: female more than body weight 150g, and belly expands softness, and gonopore is micro-red, is good for without hindering body; Milter more than body weight 20g, head, pectoral fin star-pursuing obviously, flow essence, without wound;
2) parent population sterilizes, raises and train:
Wild parent population carried out disinfection sterilization processing before entering artificial domestication pond, and the concrete grammar of disinfection process is: soak fish body 1h with 20ppm formaldehyde, in disinfecting process, water temperature is below 16 DEG C, and oxygenation, observe fish body situation at any time;
Or soak fish body 15 minutes with the liquor potassic permanganate of 4ppm, keep water temperature below 16 DEG C, and oxygenation, see the oxidation stain of fish body wound;
The process of raising and train is: temperature of cultivation 10-15 DEG C, and water quality reaches national three class surface water quality standards, and feed of throwing something and feeding is 4mm fingerling material, and Feeding time is early, middle and late three times of every day, each feeding volume 1-2kg
3) inspection of parent population:
Choose physically fit, anus given prominence to, the naked skin-carp meat raun in Xinjiang that Tun squama splits, and ovum artificial collection carried out to sorted out female fish parent fish survey sample its gonad development degree, development degree to IV end of term; The method simultaneously choosing anal fin star-pursuing and sampling observation manual compression determines the naked skin-carp meat milter in mature Xinjiang;
4) the antenatal stimulation of parent population:
The parent fish selection of gonadal maturation is put into groove of laying eggs and carries out stimulation by running water, water temperature 10-14 DEG C, inflow controls at 0.3m
3/ h, adds black cloth at water inlet and shelters from heat or light, daily check parent population gonad development situation, to producing raun injection fish hormone;
5) artificial induced spawning:
When raun gonadal maturation, belly expands softness, and gonopore is slightly red and swollen, and should start to carry out fish hormone and hasten parturition, hormone used is injection Luteinizing hormone releasing-hormone A2 and domperidone parenteral solution; Injecting method of hastening parturition is: injection Luteinizing hormone releasing-hormone A2 consumption 5 μ g/kg+ domperidone parenteral solution consumption 4mg/kg, to hasten parturition injection 1 time at interval of 24h;
6) ovum artificial collection fertilization:
Every day checks stream ovum situation while injection of hastening parturition to raun, the parent population of stream ovum is placed separately and carries out ovum artificial collection insemination, treat stock essence, after ovum meets standard, artificial dry method is adopted to inseminate, method is that the pure water of insemination is carried out oxygenation process in advance, make insemination pure water, water temperature is below 14 degree, dissolved oxygen is at more than 6mg/L, 1-2 tail milter seminal fluid is clamp-oned bottoming to container, again by raun body surface, each fin and gonopore are dried, make fish body head upwards, belly is downward, extruding fish body belly gently makes ovum flow in container, then again clamp-on seminal fluid, be uniformly mixed with feather, add fertilization pure water gentle agitation again, artificial insemination work after 3-5 minute of placing completes, to be inseminated ovum pure water rinsing 10-20min again, until insemination ovum viscosity is washed away, ovum grain imbibition adhesion, after measuring number, put into the Xinjiang special incubator box of naked skin-carp meat and carry out hatching work,
7) artificial incubation:
Half Lentic hatching method is adopted to hatch the naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang, concrete operation step is: the special hatching bubble chamber of artificial customization, this incubator box specification is 30cm × 40cm × 60cm, be made up of foam, bottom flat, fertilized egg 2000-2500 grain placed by every case, Spawning water is limpid spring, water temperature controls below 15 DEG C, stir once every 5-6 hours artificial, again insemination ovum is paved at the bottom of incubator box again and leave standstill, every 24 hours, Spawning water is changed 3/4, again supplement and add new water, changed a bubble chamber every 72 hours simultaneously, need within every 24 hours, change a water when neurula stage, the agitation treatment every 5-6 hour is done again after the sensitive periods that insemination egg development spends neurula,
8) fry rearing:
Hydrostatic seedling method is adopted to carry out the cultivation of fry.
Further, the artificial propagation of the naked skin-carp meat in above-mentioned Xinjiang and fry rearing method, in described step 8), the concrete operation step of hydrostatic seedling method is:
A) float the phase:
Prelarva after membrane adopts hydrostatic incubator to cultivate, and casing specification is bubble chamber or the plastic box of 0.6m × 0.4m × 0.3m, and every case puts seedling 3000-4000 tail, is disperseed by fry, carries out the stirring of part water coke slurry every 12 hours;
B) nursery stage:
Fry hydrostatic is cultivated after 5-7 days and is floated, floating fry is transferred in the naked skin-carp meat seedling growing box in another Xinjiang, seedling growing box specification is bubble chamber or the plastic box of 0.6m × 0.4m × 0.3m, casing afterbody 40 order mesh screen windows make fish screen discharge outlet, spring pumps in PV water inlet tube system, outlet conduit adopts microporous pipe, diameter 3mm, form micropore water system, fry bait residue and fish body excreta are discharged with fish screen discharge outlet, this micro-running water technology method is utilized to cultivate the naked skin-carp meat fry in Xinjiang, cultivated through 15-20 days, Xinjiang naked skin-carp meat fry total length reaches 1.4-1.8cm.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: for the arid and semi-arid weather of Xinjiang region uniqueness, there is a serious shortage in the supply for water resource; And the naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang is autonomous region I grade protection aqua-marine life, parent population stock number is quite rare.By the use of above inventive method, the technical parameters such as spawning rate, insemination rate, incubation rate and the survival rate of seedling in the naked skin-carp meat artificial propagation in Xinjiang cultivating process can be significantly improved, ensure that the artificial propagation of the naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang is cultivated and succeed.
The artificial propagation of the naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang provided by the invention and fry rearing method, tool has the following advantages:
1, obtain the success of the naked skin-carp meat artificial breeding technology in Xinjiang first, now reach the output of annual output 200000 tail according to the method:
By manual simulation's natural water area spawning ground feature, implement that current stimulate, manual injection's gonad development hormone and heat, the means such as lucifuge, complete the artificial induced spawning of the naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang and spot skin-carp meat, artificial insemination and artificial incubation, amount to and obtain 81.6 ten thousand, fertilized egg, hatched fry 62.2 ten thousand tail, is bred as fry 51.8 ten thousand tail; Within continuous 4 years, carry out enhancement releasing fry 36.7 ten thousand tail at Tekes River, Jilin platform reservoir, Kunes river respectively, can reach at present and produce fry amount 200,000 tail per year.
2, invent half Lentic hatching method and the seedling method for Xinjiang region arid and semi-arid weather, effectively reach the object of cultivation economized:
Xinjiang is located in Arid&semi-arid area, and namely the primary factor of restriction fish culture exploitation is the scarcity of water resource.Artificial propagation and the fry rearing of current domestic most fish are continuous-flow type breeding method, and the method needs condition based on a large amount of water resources, is not suitable for the climate characteristic of Xinjiang Arid&semi-arid area.Conventional insemination egg hatching mode and fry rearing mode are improved by this method, in conjunction with the biological property of the naked skin-carp meat uniqueness in Xinjiang, control and the artificial oxygenation mode of dissolved oxygen is passed through in incubation period and nursery stage, accomplish just need change water once in 24-72 hour, greatly reduce the waste to water resource in artificial propagation cultivating process, through rough estimation, adopt this kind of hatching fry method, can saving water resource cost more than 60%.
3, improve traditional artificial insemination mode, artificial breed rate can reach more than 99%:
Traditional artificial insemination mode is most is dry method insemination, this insemination method generally needs a large amount of seminal fluid (i.e. male parent population) just can reach higher insemination rate, as parent population and reserve parent fish is less or parent population is precious especially, all be not suitable for this kind of method, often in Process of Insemination, insemination rate is very low.The naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang is Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regions
level is aquatic wildly to watch for animals, the negligible amounts of parent population and reserve parent fish, therefore is not suitable for promoting the use of of this kind of method.For above situation, we again explore on original Insemination procedures, adopt oxygenation pure water to carry out catalysis sperm and produce activity fast, improve insemination rate.Simultaneously, the naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang is for producing viscid egg schizothoracin class, for the biological property of this uniqueness, our choice for use pure water unsticking, after adopting this kind of unsticking mode unsticking, fertilized egg is smooth without dirt, for the naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang that incubation cycle is grown especially, this method has the effect significantly improving insemination rate in practical operation, and by the enforcement of above two kinds of Insemination procedures, insemination rate can up to 99%.
4, Xinjiang naked skin-carp meat parent population antenatal ovum artificial collection sampling observation method is invented:
The antenatal screening of parent population is one of important step in artificial propagation of fish Cultivating techniques, because Xinjiang this fish of naked skin-carp meat are different from other schizothoracin classes, its oviposition period is long, annual 5 month of the 2-6 month all likely lays eggs, therefore the parent population for carrying out artificial propagation must carry out certain selection and inspection, the parent population determining carrying out artificial induced spawning has reached sexual maturity state, otherwise in the process of hastening parturition, there will be the situation of hastening parturition till death.For the biological property of the naked skin-carp meat in above Xinjiang, we have invented female fish parent fish ovum artificial collection sample examination method, see that whether the raun gonad development chosen is ripe, adopt ovum as sampling and do not reach for IV end of term, should cultivate further and wait for raun gonadal maturation, by this kind of method, effectively sexually matured parent population can be sorted out and carry out artificial induced spawning, immature parent population avoids carelessly hastening parturition and causes death, greatly reduces the generation of the parent population death caused due to ocyodinic injection in artificial induced spawning process.
5, propose the drug concentration of the naked skin-carp meat artificial induced spawning in Xinjiang and frequency of hastening parturition, spawning rate can reach more than 90%:
Technique in Fishes is hastened parturition in process, and oxytocic drug has tens of kinds, and the dosage of hastening parturition and the frequency of hastening parturition also have huge gap.The naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang is the distinctive fish species in Xinjiang region, according to the biological property of its uniqueness, we carry out comparative trial and exploration repeatedly, determine the artificial induced spawning medicine LRH-A25 μ g/kg+DOM being applicable to the naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang, dosage of hastening parturition is 4 units, the frequency of hastening parturition at interval of injection in 24 hours once, through the test of hastening parturition of 5 years, show that said method is that the naked skin-carp meat the best in Xinjiang is hastened parturition infusion protocol.In test for many years, as long as parent population is not dead in the process of hastening parturition, and gonadal maturation, substantially all can hasten parturition and obtain ripe fish-egg, spawning rate is all more than 90%.
6, comparatively unique half hydrostatic seedling incubating equipment, facility is developed:
According to these the two kinds distinctive ecological habits of cold aqueous schizothoracin class, fry is small and weak, flat trip floating interval of floating dock is long, the features such as the parasitism that is easy to get fish disease (little melonworm) and bubble illness, develop comparatively unique half hydrostatic seedling incubating equipment, facility, comprising: small-sized special seedling growing box, enter draining and oxygenating system, temperature-controlling system etc.Its feature is: invest little, be easy to management, diseases prevention, effectively can improve survival rate of fish fry, and can large-scale promotion production application be carried out.
Embodiment
embodiment 1:
The artificial propagation of the naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang and fry rearing method:
1, the source of parent population, collection, transport:
The parent population source of the naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang is natural river course wild fish, and collecting location is that Xinjiang Yili of China river valley middle and upper reaches comprise Kunes river, Tekes River, Kashi River and the refined horse of the Yilihe River main stem section of crossing a river.
Collecting mainly relies on local fisherman to carry out.Fisherman is mainly perched these two kinds of fish, is multiplied section, lays cage (mesh specification 1cm × 1cm, long 3-5m) in river course (cage catches fish health without wound, and survival rate can reach more than 95%), gets cage every day on time and fall fish.Regularly select parent population to fisherman place, parent population require be: female more than body weight 150g, belly expands softness, and gonopore is micro-red, is good for without hindering body; Milter more than body weight 20g, head, pectoral fin star-pursuing obviously, flow essence, without wound.Water temperature, water quality should be controlled in parent population transportation, water temperature must not (as: transportation range be shorter more than 18 DEG C in transport, water temperature should be no more than 20 DEG C), haulage time can without oxygenation lower than 0.5h, oxygenation is answered to transport more than 0.5h, dissolved oxygen requirement >=5mg/L, transport parent population water used must be limpid, can not with muddy flood.
2, parent population sterilizes, raises and train:
Because scar stress be had by reactive moieties health in wild parent population transportation, and it is normal with fish virulence factors such as parasites, therefore should carry out certain disinfection process before entering artificial domestication pond, prevent and treat wild fish wound infection inflammation or bring pathogenic parasite etc. into.
Conventional disinfection processing method has: (1) invades bubble fish body 1h with 20ppm formaldehyde, and in disinfecting process, water temperature should below 16 DEG C, and oxygenation, at any time observation fish body situation.(2) soak fish body 15 minutes with the liquor potassic permanganate of 4ppm, keep water temperature should below 16 DEG C, and oxygenation, the oxidation stain of visible fish body wound.
Wild parent population is raised and train as raising and train in the flowing water pond of cold water fish study base, Xinjiang academy of aquatic sciences, temperature of cultivation 10-15 DEG C, and water source is underground artesian spring water, and water quality reaches national three class surface water quality standards.The parent population of newly collecting at first 3 days does not ingest, a small amount of fish meal of can throwing something and feeding after 3 days.According to the feeding habits anatomical results to the naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang and spot skin-carp meat, these two kinds of fish like the zoobenthos fish that ingest, and therefore in bait, animal protein content should be higher, could meet the demand that these 2 kinds of fish growths are grown very well.Based on above-mentioned situation, choose " Beijing Chinese industry " 4mm fingerling material, Feeding time is early, middle and late three times of every day, and the concrete feeding volume of each feeding volume 1-2kg(is determined by previous fish food situation), rain or reduce number of times of throwing something and feeding under overcast sky.According to observation: feed of can ingesting, usually through the domestication of about 1 month time, can occur robbing food phenomenon, through research observation in 3 years, the parent population growing state of raising and train was better, and body weight, coefficient of condition increase, and body is more healthy and stronger, and seldom occurs death.
3, the inspection method of parent population:
Because Xinjiang this fish of naked skin-carp meat are different from other schizothoracin classes, its oviposition period is long, annual 5 month of the 2-6 month all likely lays eggs, therefore the parent population for carrying out artificial propagation must carry out certain selection, choose physically fit, anus is given prominence to, the raun that Tun squama splits, and ovum artificial collection sampling check is carried out to sorted out female fish parent fish, see that whether the raun gonad development chosen is ripe, adopt ovum as sampling and do not reach for IV end of term, should cultivate further and wait for raun gonadal maturation, adopting ovum method is by end cut M type osculum of feather, 2cm is inserted obliquely from the raun gonopore of sampling, and rotate more than 360 degree, feather, then feather is extracted out, 3-5 grain ovum grain can be had at the M type osculum cut, at dissection Microscopic observation, gained ovum grain can be determined whether this batch of female fish parent fish reaches sexual maturity, milter is selected comparatively simple, mainly determines whether ripe with the method for anal fin star-pursuing and sampling observation manual compression in election process.
4, the antenatal stimulation of parent population:
The parent fish selection of gonadal maturation is put into groove of laying eggs and carries out stimulation by running water, water temperature 10-14 DEG C, inflow controls at 0.3m
3/ h(can not be excessive or too small).Full groove adds that cover net is anti-to be escaped, and adds black cloth at water inlet and shelter from heat or light.Daily check parent population gonad development situation, injects fish hormone to by product raun.
5, artificial induced spawning:
When raun gonadal maturation, belly expands softness, and gonopore is slightly red and swollen, should start to carry out fish hormone and to hasten parturition test.Hormone used is the general fish hormone of Ningbo hormone two factory, comprising: injection Luteinizing hormone releasing-hormone A2 (LHRH-A2) and domperidone parenteral solution (DOM).By multiple comparison test, determine: LRH-A25 μ g/kg+DOM4mg/kg, to hasten parturition infusion protocol for the best at interval of hasten parturition injection 1 time of 24h.In test for many years, as long as parent population is not dead in the process of hastening parturition, and gonadal maturation, substantially all can hasten parturition and obtain ripe fish-egg, spawning rate is all more than 90%.
6, ovum artificial collection fertilization:
Every day checks whether stream ovum while injection of hastening parturition to raun, and the parent population finding that there is stream ovum should be placed separately and carried out ovum artificial collection insemination.Can be used for stock essence, ovum standard is as shown in table 1.Should choose and grow preferably essence, ovum and carry out artificial insemination, and carry out following preparation: the preparation of (1) article.Comprise pure water, the little basin of totally smooth stainless steel, the feather of dry cleansing, toilet paper, bailer, large basin, bucket, beaker, graduated cylinder, thermometer and other relative article; (2) the female milter picked out is supported respectively temporarily in large rectangular basin.
The naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang adopts artificial dry method to inseminate.This artificial insemination procedures needs more than at least three people to complete, and a people is responsible for the stirring work of fixing Stainless steel basin and seminal fluid, fish-egg, and other two people are responsible for the artificial ovulation of raun and milter and artificial ejaculation work.Concrete operations are first the pure water (laboratory purification distilled water or diversion pure water) of insemination is carried out oxygenation process in advance, and ensure insemination by pure water water water temperature below 14 degree, dissolved oxygen is at more than 6mg/L.1-2 tail milter seminal fluid is clamp-oned bottoming in the little basin of stainless steel, then rapid raun body surface, each fin and gonopore to be dried, make fish body head upwards, belly is downward, anal fin is tiltedly to entering in Stainless steel basin, extruding fish body belly gently makes ovum flow into little basin, then clamp-ons seminal fluid, after feather mixing, add insemination pure water gentle agitation, artificial insemination work after 3-5 minute of placing completes.Then ovum pure water of inseminating does not stop rinsing 10-20min, until insemination ovum viscosity washed away, ovum grain imbibition adhesion, after measuring number, put into the Xinjiang special incubator box of naked skin-carp meat and carry out hatching work.Following several respects should be noted: (1) artificial propagation female milter ratio used is 1:2-1:3 in artificial insemination procedures; (2) adopt ovum time of insemination and should control within 10min for every batch; (3) insemination water should be pure water or distilled water, and before control ovum grain unsticking, adhesion is polluted, and water temperature lower than 14 DEG C, and carries out oxygenation process, ensures that dissolved oxygen is at more than 6mg/L; (4) apply toilet paper when squeezing essence, ovum and dry fish body, prevent body surface addle from entering in basin, affect fertilization rate.Inseminated by above-mentioned ovum artificial collection, respond well, insemination rate can be made to reach more than 99%.
Table 1
。
7, artificial incubation:
The naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang has special insemination egg hatching requirement, draws through experiment repeatedly and experience for many years, and half Lentic hatching method is this kind of optimal hatching m of fish.The method is: the special hatching bubble chamber of artificial customization, this incubator box specification is 30cm × 40cm × 60cm, be made up of foam, bottom flat, fertilized egg 2000-2500 grain placed by every case, Spawning water is limpid spring, water temperature controls below 15 DEG C, need manually carry out stirring once every 5-6 hour, then again insemination ovum is paved at the bottom of incubator box and leave standstill, every 24 hours, Spawning water is changed 3/4, again supplement and add new water, a bubble chamber to be changed every 72 hours simultaneously, the bubble chamber changed will carry out ultraviolet-sterilization process, the mould etc. of accumulation is killed process, the control time is excessively of a specified duration, water mold breaks out, adhesion insemination ovum and cause death.The observation of embryonic development uninterruptedly will be carried out in hatching process.The naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang and spot skin-carp meat embryonic Development Time as shown in table 2, when neurula stage, operation requirements changes a water for 24 hours, but no longer stirred every 5-6 hour, Deng the agitation treatment done again after the sensitive periods that insemination egg development spends neurula every 5-6 hour, the insemination egg hatching that the naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang is different from other fish is exactly that it has a neuralation sensitive periods, during this sensitive periods, insemination ovum will ensure that the standing of enough time just can be developed to next step, if the operation such as frequently to stir, embryonic development can be caused so far dead.Therefore, the half Lentic hatching method that we sum up is the artificial incubation being best suited for the naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang, can reach more than 80% with this kind of method incubation rate.
Table 2
。
8, fry rearing:
Xinjiang is located in Arid&semi-arid area, and shortage of water resources is the primary restraining factors of the industry development such as Agriculture in Xinjiang, fishery.And the cultivation of schizothoracin class artificial propagation is both at home and abroad running water technology method at present, the method is not suitable for the Xinjiang Arid&semi-arid area of extreme dehydration.
For above special circumstances, through experiment and the effort of 4 years, for successfully completing the hydrostatic seedling growing process method of the naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang, the method is the schizothoracin class fry rearing method being adapted to water-deficient area, and concrete operation step is as follows:
1) float the phase
The naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang is cold aqueous schizothoracin class, and it is different from warm water cultured fishes common at present that it perches habitat.Prelarva after membrane needed 5-7 days time before having floating Burden-Swimming Ability of KM, and during this, fry is small and weak, and can not move about, and showed as and all lay low in bottom half, badly will produce comparatively high mortality if process.For obtaining desirable nursery effect, this is studied through many experiments.The hydrostatic incubator cultivating method best results of research and development trial-production, multiple seedling equipment, facility comparative result are as shown in table 3.This casing is bubble chamber or the plastic box of 0.6m × 0.4m × 0.3m, every case puts seedling 3000-4000 tail, comparatively disperse with fry, do not pile up for principle, then carried out the stirring of part water coke slurry every 12 hours, prevent fry ischaemia from causing death, use this kind of method, significantly can promote the floating phase survival rate of the naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang, can more than 85% be increased to by 40%.
2) nursery stage:
Fry hydrostatic is cultivated after 5-7 days and is floated, floating fry is transferred to the naked skin-carp meat seedling growing box in Xinjiang (bubble chamber of 0.6m × 0.4m × 0.3m or plastic box), casing afterbody 40 order mesh screen windows make a fish screen discharge outlet, with water pump, spring is pumped into PV water inlet tube system, outlet conduit microporous pipe, diameter 3mm, form micropore water system, the bait residue not only fry can not eaten up and fish body excreta are discharged with fish screen discharge outlet, and can greatly be utilized by saving water resource by micropore flowing water, reduce energy resource consumption, save power source and water resource, simultaneously, regularly can close micropore water system after bait of throwing something and feeding and in daily cultivation and enter hydrostatic cultivation, be beneficial to the fry just floated to ingest, alleviate again a large amount of consumption of fry muscle power under flowing water is cultivated, for fry short cultivation shortens the much time simultaneously.Because each special incubator only cultivates 3000-4000 tail fry, the fish disease problem in fry rearing process of effectively solving is (as common bubble illness, wheel parasitosis, ich, saprolegniasis etc., there are isolation clearly and control efficiency, and after adopting this kind of micro-running water technology case to cultivate fry, there will not be the situation of being annihilated), avoid cross-infection and Large Scale Death, can accomplish to isolate for treatment, guard key, effectively raise the fry rearing survival rate of the naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang, continue to use after micro-running water technology case that project team independently manufactures experimently carries out the naked skin-carp meat fry rearing in Xinjiang, fry rearing survival rate is increased to more than 70% by 30% of flowing water in 2009 and hydrostatic cultivation.Utilize this micro-running water technology method to cultivate the naked skin-carp meat fry in Xinjiang, cultivated through 15-20 days, Xinjiang naked skin-carp meat fry total length can reach 1.4-1.8cm, substantially reduces seedling raise period relative to traditional fish culture in running water and workshop nursery.Meanwhile, this kind of breeding method and facility take up an area little, small investment, greatly economize energy cost and water resources consumption, and install and operation facility, the Xinjiang region being extremely adapted at arid and semi-arid climate characteristic is applied.
This facility membrane prelarva floated after 5-7 days, and Burden-Swimming Ability of KM significantly improves, and when yolk sac is less than 1/3, can carry out throwing something and feeding bait.Cultivate fry water temperature 15-19 DEG C, water source is limpid spring.Live food is live body fairy shrimp (halogen worm).Originally, throw something and feed on a small quantity, every day 2 times; In the later stage, throw something and feed in a large number, every day 4 times.Opened artesian water system every 6-8 hour 1 hour, within every 2 days, carry out fry and disinfect, within every 3 days, carry out changing case.
Table 3
。
Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. the artificial propagation of the naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang and fry rearing method, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) parent population is collected:
The parent population source of the naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang is natural river course wild fish, and collecting location is Xinjiang Yili of China river valley middle and upper reaches; Parent population requires: female more than body weight 150g, and belly expands softness, and gonopore is micro-red, is good for without hindering body; Milter more than body weight 20g, head, pectoral fin star-pursuing obviously, flow essence, without wound;
2) parent population sterilizes, raises and train:
Wild parent population carried out disinfection sterilization processing before entering artificial domestication pond, and the concrete grammar of disinfection process is: soak fish body 1h with 20ppm formaldehyde, in disinfecting process, water temperature is below 16 DEG C, and oxygenation, observe fish body situation at any time;
Or soak fish body 15 minutes with the liquor potassic permanganate of 4ppm, keep water temperature below 16 DEG C, and oxygenation, see the oxidation stain of fish body wound;
The process of raising and train is: temperature of cultivation 10-15 DEG C, and water quality reaches national three class surface water quality standards, and feed of throwing something and feeding is 4mm fingerling material, and Feeding time is early, middle and late three times of every day, each feeding volume 1-2kg;
3) inspection of parent population:
Choose physically fit, anus given prominence to, the naked skin-carp meat raun in Xinjiang that stern squama splits, and ovum artificial collection carried out to sorted out female fish parent fish survey sample its gonad development degree, development degree to IV end of term; The method simultaneously choosing anal fin star-pursuing and sampling observation manual compression determines the naked skin-carp meat milter in mature Xinjiang;
4) the antenatal stimulation of parent population:
The parent fish selection of gonadal maturation is put into groove of laying eggs and carries out stimulation by running water, water temperature 10-14 DEG C, inflow controls at 0.3m
3/ h, adds black cloth at water inlet and shelters from heat or light, daily check parent population gonad development situation, to producing raun injection fish hormone;
5) artificial induced spawning:
When raun gonadal maturation, belly expands softness, and gonopore is slightly red and swollen, and should start to carry out fish hormone and hasten parturition, hormone used is injection Luteinizing hormone releasing-hormone A2 and domperidone parenteral solution; Injecting method of hastening parturition is: injection Luteinizing hormone releasing-hormone A2 consumption 5 μ g/kg+ domperidone parenteral solution consumption 4mg/kg, to hasten parturition injection 1 time at interval of 24h;
6) ovum artificial collection fertilization:
Every day checks stream ovum situation while injection of hastening parturition to raun, the parent population of stream ovum is placed separately and carries out ovum artificial collection insemination, treat stock essence, after ovum meets standard, artificial dry method is adopted to inseminate, method is that the pure water of insemination is carried out oxygenation process in advance, make insemination pure water, water temperature is below 14 degree, dissolved oxygen is at more than 6mg/L, 1-2 tail milter seminal fluid is clamp-oned bottoming to container, again by raun body surface, each fin and gonopore are dried, make fish body head upwards, belly is downward, extruding fish body belly gently makes ovum flow in container, then again clamp-on seminal fluid, be uniformly mixed with feather, add fertilization pure water gentle agitation again, artificial insemination work after 3-5 minute of placing completes, again by fertilized egg with pure water rinsing 10-20min, until fertilized egg viscosity is washed away, ovum grain imbibition adhesion, after measuring number, put into the Xinjiang special incubator box of naked skin-carp meat and carry out hatching work,
7) artificial incubation:
Half Lentic hatching method is adopted to hatch the naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang, concrete operation step is: the special hatching bubble chamber of artificial customization, this incubator box specification is 30cm × 40cm × 60cm, be made up of foam, bottom flat, fertilized egg 2000-2500 grain placed by every case, Spawning water is limpid spring, water temperature controls below 15 DEG C, stir once every 5-6 hours artificial, again fertilized egg is paved at the bottom of incubator box again and leave standstill, every 24 hours, Spawning water is changed 3/4, again supplement and add new water, changed a bubble chamber every 72 hours simultaneously, need within every 24 hours, change a water when neurula stage, the agitation treatment every 5-6 hour is done again after the sensitive periods that development of fertilized ova spends neurula,
8) fry rearing:
Hydrostatic seedling method is adopted to carry out the cultivation of fry.
2. the artificial propagation of the naked skin-carp meat in Xinjiang according to claim 1 and fry rearing method, it is characterized in that, in described step 8), the concrete operation step of hydrostatic seedling method is:
A) float the phase:
Prelarva after membrane adopts hydrostatic incubator to cultivate, and casing specification is bubble chamber or the plastic box of 0.6m × 0.4m × 0.3m, and every case puts seedling 3000-4000 tail, is disperseed by fry, carries out the stirring of part water coke slurry every 12 hours;
B) nursery stage:
Fry hydrostatic is cultivated after 5-7 days and is floated, floating fry is transferred in the naked skin-carp meat seedling growing box in another Xinjiang, seedling growing box specification is bubble chamber or the plastic box of 0.6m × 0.4m × 0.3m, casing afterbody 40 order mesh screen windows make fish screen discharge outlet, spring pumps in PV water inlet tube system, outlet conduit adopts microporous pipe, diameter 3mm, form micropore water system, fry bait residue and fish body excreta are discharged with fish screen discharge outlet, this micropore water system is utilized to cultivate the naked skin-carp meat fry in Xinjiang, cultivated through 15-20 days, Xinjiang naked skin-carp meat fry total length reaches 1.4-1.8cm.
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