CN103960175A - Method for batch induction of scophthalmus maximus tetraploid fries - Google Patents
Method for batch induction of scophthalmus maximus tetraploid fries Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a chromosome manipulation technique, in particular to a method for batch induction of scophthalmus maximus tetraploid fries. The method comprises the steps as follows: selecting pubescent scophthalmus maximus parent fishes, and respectively collecting seminal fluid and fish eggs for standby use; taking the seminal fluid and the fish eggs at the volume ratio of 1:(100-200) to perform fertilization, the process of which is used as a control group; after artificial fertilization is performed for 15-25 min in the control group, taking collected seminal fluid and fish eggs at a volume ratio of 1:(100-200) to perform fertilization, the process of which is used as an induction group; taking the time when 70-80 percent of fertilized eggs in the control group generate egg cracks for the first time as the time when fertilized eggs in the induction group generate egg cracks for the first time, and in the time period of 10-20 min before egg cracks are generated for the first time in the induction group, putting the fertilized eggs in the induction group into a pressurizing vessel of a hydrostatic press, performing pressure shock treatment for 6-8 min under the hydrostatic pressure of 60-70 MPa and performing pressure relief, taking out the fertilized eggs and putting into seawater for continuous culturing; measuring the tetraploid rate in the gastrula period and fry period. By adopting the method, the tetraploid rate can be up to 90 percent, and scophthalmus maximus tetraploid fries can be obtained efficiently and stably through induction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to chromosome operating technology, specifically a kind of principle of utilizing hydrostatic pressure to suppress the fertilized egg spilting of an egg, the method for inducing turbot tetraploid fry in batches.
Background technology
Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) belongs to brill section (Scophthalmidae), brill belongs to (Scophthalmus), and its growth is fast, has become the main mariculture kind of northern China, also comparatively perfect of breeding technique and industrial chain at present.But turbot aquaculture, due to for many generations cultivation and inbreeding, causes germplasm serious degradation in recent years.Therefore take effective ways, turbot is carried out to genetic improvement, fundamentally solve turbot aquaculture industry improved variety problem and become the task of top priority.Polyploid because its cycle is short, the feature such as instant effect and safety height, receive researcher and cultivation dealer's concern always.Wherein, triploid fish has three cover chromosomes, sterile often.Sterile triploid organism to growth aspect, shows the feature of fast, individual large, the strong stress resistance of growth by the Conversion of Energy for breeding, and has higher economic worth.So triploid artificial induction and cultivation will be the indispensable effective ways of turbot prevalent variety cultivation.But the mode that fish triploid artificial induction generally adopts the method such as temperature shock or hydrostatic pressing to suppress the discharge of fertilized egg second polar body obtains, and every Dai Junxu artificial insemination inducing, operating procedure is relatively loaded down with trivial details; Artificial insemination and induction also have spread effect to fertilized egg, cause fertility rate and hatchability on the low side, produce popularization thereby affected it.And if induction has obtained tetraploid turbot, can, by the mode of tetraploid and diploid hybrid, carry out once and for all triploid Breeding.Therefore, carry out turbot tetraploid induction and nurturing research, be very important for turbot prevalent variety cultivation and aquaculture sustainable health development thereof; Meanwhile, also can provide useful reference for the optimization of other fish tetraploid artificial induction methods.
Artificial induction's seawater fish tetraploid often adopts hydrostatic pressing or temperature shock to suppress the spilting of an egg and obtains, due to temperature shock particularly the cold shock treatment time longer, larger to fertilized egg stimulation, shock temperature is also difficult for keeping stable, induces tetraploid efficiency and survival rate often lower.And the hydrostatic platen press processing time is shorter, relatively little to the stimulation of fertilized egg, easier production application.The success rate of hydrostatic platen press induction is mainly subject to processing the impact of moment (processing the initial time), processing pressure and processing time (processing the time of continuity) three factors, and wherein processing the moment is the factor playing a decisive role.Therefore, determine that accurately processing the moment is the success or not of fish tetraploid induction, and can obtain the key of higher inductivity.At present, artificial induction tetraploid is applied and is not also almost had in fish especially full sea water fish.In left-eyed flounder, only in Cynoglossus semilaevis, lefteye flounder etc., there were some tentative researchs, and in turbot, there is not yet report.The treatment conditions the suitableeest due to different fingerlings often have very large difference, therefore, turbot tetraploid induction condition are optimized and are clearly very important.
Summary of the invention
The situation that affects induction efficiency for processing the moment accurately to determine in tetraploid induction experiment in the past, the object of the invention is to provide the batch abductive approach of a kind of turbot tetraploid fry.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts technical scheme to be:
A batch abductive approach for turbot tetraploid fry,
1) turbot artificial fertilization:
Select sexually matured turbot parent population, collect respectively seminal fluid and ovum, stand-by;
Get above-mentioned a small amount of seminal fluid, after activating by a little fresh seawater, rapidly with ovum by volume 1:100-200 mix, filling into subsequently the fresh seawater that ovum volume 1-5 doubly measures inseminates, after insemination, fertilized egg is rinsed well by fresh seawater, be placed in the fresh seawater that ovum volume 5-10 doubly measures and cultivate, the nurturing period fills into the fresh seawater that ovum volume 10-15 doubly measures again, as a control group;
After control group artificial insemination 15～-25min, by the residue seminal fluid of above-mentioned collection, after activating by a little fresh seawater, rapidly with ovum by volume 1:100-200 mix, fill into subsequently the fresh seawater that ovum volume 1-5 doubly measures and inseminate, after insemination, fertilized egg is rinsed well by fresh seawater, be placed in the fresh seawater that ovum volume 5-10 doubly measures and cultivate, nurturing period fills into the fresh seawater that ovum volume 10-15 doubly measures again, as induction group;
2) chromosome induction doubles
Occur that using control group 70-80% fertilized egg the time of First cleavage trace appears in the time of First cleavage trace as induction group fertilized egg, 10-20min before induction group First cleavage trace occurs, step 1) induction group fertilized egg is placed in hydrostatic press pressurizing vessel, under 60-70MPa hydrostatic pressing, carrying out pressure shock processes, pressure release after processing 6-8min, take out fertilized egg, be placed in seawater and continue to cultivate;
3) mensuration of primitive gut and fry tetraploid rate: the primitive gut of induction group is carried out to chromosomal Ploidy Identification, and the fry hatching is carried out to the Ploidy Identification of flow cytometer DNA content, obtain turbot gastrula stage and fry phase tetraploid rate.
Described step 1) and step 2) in the temperature of three of fertilization period, the period of hatching and Induction periods seawater used in period be the constant long required water temperature of suitable turbot oviparity arbitrarily between 13-18 DEG C; Wherein three period ocean temperature used should be consistent, and the temperature difference is in ± 0.1 DEG C.
The described time that step 1) induction group fertilized egg is placed in hydrostatic press pressurizing vessel is 1min left and right before induction group is processed.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect are as follows:
1. the present invention has improved definite method of processing the moment in the existing tetraploid induction of seawater fish.Hydrostatic pressing induction fish tetraploid doubles fertilized ovum chromosome by suppressing the fertilized egg spilting of an egg, and its processing moment generally, before First cleavage, processed the definite of moment in the past and calculates according to fertilization time.Taking turbot as example, the suitable cultivation temperature of its fertilized egg is 13-18 DEG C, and wherein, in the time that 13-14 DEG C of seawater cultivated, the turbot fertilized eggs First cleavage time is 130-150min; In the time of 15-16 DEG C, its First cleavage time is 95-110min; In the time of 17-18 DEG C, the First cleavage time is 60-70min.So, in cultivating process, even if trickle water temperature changes, also can make the turbot fertilized eggs spilting of an egg time obviously shift to an earlier date or delay.When it is processed when 15 ± 0.1 DEG C of seawater are cultivated, be engraved in after fertilization 80-90min; Water temperature declines 1 DEG C, more than turbot fertilized eggs First cleavage trace time of occurrence can be delayed 10min, now processing the moment should be after fertilization 90-100min, if still process by the original processing moment, fertilized egg is not also grown and just started processed to expected degree; In like manner, if during this period water temperature raises and to process the moment constant, fertilized egg exceedes expected degree by growth and just starts processedly, and this has all directly affected induction efficiency, and causes the reduction of induction group incubation rate.The present invention determines the induction group processing moment according to the control group fertilized egg First cleavage trace time of occurrence of 15-25min fertilization in advance, before induction group fertilized egg First cleavage trace occurs, 10-20min starts to process, only has 10-20min interval time, the interval time of 80-90min while being greatly shorter than according to the fertilization time computing moment, the impact that is subject to the variation of the external environment such as water temperature, temperature is less.And the spilting of an egg trace of fertilized egg is also easy to observe under anatomical lens.
2. in the past in left-eyed flounder tetraploid induction method, hatching water temperature is often a temperature range, as 15-17 DEG C, and 19-23 DEG C etc.As mentioned before, also can cause impact very greatly to the growth sequential of fertilized egg even if trickle water temperature changes, so induce, cannot accurately determine and process the moment, make to induce effect unstable, repeatability is poor.And the present invention fully takes into account the variation that water temperature can cause the fertilized egg spilting of an egg time, according to the suitable temperature (13-18 DEG C) of cultivating of turbot fertilized eggs, cultivation water temperature before treatment is fixed under 15 ± 0.1 DEG C or other specific preference temperature, the induction group fertilized egg spilting of an egg time is consistent substantially, inductive condition is more stable, makes its inductivity have good repeatability.
3. in different flounder sole kinds, the suitableeest tetraploid induction condition often has very large difference, in reporting, does not all relate to the relevant parameter of turbot tetraploid induction both at home and abroad in the past.The present invention carries out screening and optimizing to the parameter of turbot tetraploid induction first, processes on stable basis of moment ensureing, processing pressure intensity and processing time are optimized, and has determined best processing parameter scope; And can fast and stable according to operating process of the present invention, obtain turbot tetraploid fry in enormous quantities, and then the tetraploid turbot obtaining by induction and the mode of diploid hybrid, that puts things right once and for all carries out triploid Breeding, obtains thus the seed of the features such as fast, individual large, the strong stress resistance of growth.
Brief description of the drawings
The testing result figure of the turbot tetraploid induction effect chromosome metacinesis gastrula stage phase that Figure 1A provides for the embodiment of the present invention, wherein a left side is dliploid, the right side is tetraploid.
The fry phase turbot tetraploid induction effect flow cytometer testing result figure that Figure 1B provides for the embodiment of the present invention, wherein a left side is dliploid, the right side is tetraploid.
Fig. 2 A, B, C are respectively turbot tetraploid induction group developmental state figure in batches, and wherein A is primitive gut, and B is that newly hatched larvae and C are 46 days fries.
Embodiment
The present invention is optimized current seawater fish tetraploid artificial induction method, can determine more accurately the processing moment of induction, improve the stability of induction, the turbot tetraploid fry of height ratio be can obtain, material and technical support provided for producing with further experimental study.
Below in conjunction with embodiment in detail the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment fertilization period, the period of hatching and Induction period, three period ocean temperature used be the constant suitable turbot feritilization of ovum and the water temperature of hatching, three of the period of being fertilized, the period of hatching and Induction periods ocean temperature in period is 14.5 ± 0.1 DEG C.
1) collection of gamete
Choose in the essence of laying eggs and contain and expect that the parent population producing lies on cushion gently, wipe its body surface and gonopore water and dirt around away, then slowly extruding from back to front, smart ovum is clamp-oned respectively in beaker or basin for subsequent use.Dissect its ovum of Microscopic observation and be spheroidal, transparent, oily ball is concentrated, moderate, the big or small homogeneous in ovum footpath; Its seminal fluid is creamy white, and concentration is suitable, adds that appropriate sea-water activated rear sperm viability is high, walk time is long under microscope.
2) artificial insemination
Control group artificial insemination:
Get 0.1mL seminal fluid, sea-water activated with a little after, pour into rapidly in 10mL ovum, gently stir it is mixed, then supplement about 10mL seawater.After fertilization 5min, repeatedly rinse for several times to remove unnecessary seminal fluid by fresh seawater, the container that then fertilized egg putting into is filled to about 50mL fresh seawater is stand-by, and during supplement about 100mL equality of temperature fresh seawater.
Induction group artificial insemination in batches:
After control group artificial insemination 25min, get 1.5mL with batch gather seminal fluid, sea-water activated with a little after, pour into rapidly 150mL with batch gather ovum in, gently stirring it is mixed.Supplement about 150mL seawater again, after fertilization 5min, repeatedly rinse for several times to remove unnecessary seminal fluid by fresh seawater, the container that then fertilized egg putting into is filled to about 800mL fresh seawater is stand-by, and during supplement about 1500mL equality of temperature fresh seawater.
3) process determining of moment
After artificial insemination, observe at any time the development of fertilized ova situation of control group and induction group with anatomical lens.While finding control group after fertilization 103min, 70-80% fertilized egg has just started to occur First cleavage trace, is recorded as the First cleavage trace time of induction group,
Now the processing moment of induction group is 20min, i.e. after fertilization 83min before First cleavage trace occurs in batches.
4) the tetraploid induction of turbot
1min(after fertilization 82min before processing) when left and right, turbot fertilized eggs is connected to seawater and be transferred in hydrostatic press pressurizing vessel, while being about to reach the processing moment, rapidly pressure is risen to 60MPa, pressure release after processing 8min, take out fertilized egg, be placed in equality of temperature seawater and continue to cultivate.
5) calculating of fertilization rate, incubation rate and Ploidy Identification
Fertilization rate be grow to blastula stage ovum number account for the percentage of whole floating ovum numbers; Incubation rate is the percentage that newly hatched larvae number accounts for whole floating ovum numbers.
Get primitive gut and carry out chromosome sectioning, count its chromosome number, by determining whether as tetraploid with dliploid contrast, turbot diploid chromosome number 2n=44, tetraploid chromosomes number is 4n=88, calculates thus tetraploid ratio; The fry of getting newly hatched larvae and the rear different developmental phases of hatching, utilizes its DNA content of cells were tested by flow cytometry, by determining whether as tetraploid with dliploid contrast, and calculates its tetraploid ratio (referring to Fig. 1).
In the present embodiment, induction group obtains newly hatched larvae approximately 11300 tails altogether in batches, and fertilization rate is 41.7%, and incubation rate is 11.3%, and gastrula stage, tetraploid rate was 80%, and newly hatched larvae phase tetraploid rate is 74%.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment fertilization period, the period of hatching and Induction period, three period ocean temperature used be the constant suitable turbot feritilization of ovum and the water temperature of hatching, three of the period of being fertilized, the period of hatching and Induction periods ocean temperature in period is 15.0 ± 0.1 DEG C.
1) collection of gamete
Choose in the essence of laying eggs and contain and expect that the parent population producing lies on cushion gently, wipe its body surface and gonopore water and dirt around away, then slowly extruding from back to front, smart ovum is clamp-oned respectively in beaker or basin for subsequent use.Dissect Microscopic observation its ovum and be that spheroidal, transparent, oily ball are concentrated, moderate, the big or small homogeneous in ovum footpath; Its seminal fluid is creamy white, and concentration is suitable, adds that appropriate sea-water activated rear sperm viability is high, walk time is long under microscope.
2) artificial insemination
Control group artificial insemination:
Get 0.1mL seminal fluid, sea-water activated with a little after, pour into rapidly in 15mL ovum, gently stir it is mixed, then supplement about 30mL seawater.After fertilization 5min, repeatedly rinse for several times to remove unnecessary seminal fluid by fresh seawater, the container that then fertilized egg putting into is filled to about 100mL fresh seawater is stand-by, and during supplement about 200mL equality of temperature fresh seawater.
Induction group artificial insemination in batches:
After control group artificial insemination 20min, get with control group and be fertilized, wash ovum and hatch, smart ovum ratio and the same control group of method with batch smart ovum.
3) process determining of moment
After artificial insemination, observe at any time the development of fertilized ova situation of control group and induction group with anatomical lens.While finding control group after fertilization 95min, 70-80% fertilized egg has just started to occur First cleavage trace, is recorded as the First cleavage time,
Now the processing moment of induction group is 15min, i.e. after fertilization 80min before First cleavage trace occurs in batches.
4) the tetraploid induction of turbot
1min(after fertilization 79min before processing) when left and right, turbot fertilized eggs is connected to seawater and be transferred in hydrostatic press pressurizing vessel, while being about to reach the processing moment, rapidly pressure is risen to 67.5MPa, pressure release after processing 7min, take out fertilized egg, be placed in equality of temperature seawater and continue to cultivate.
5) calculating of fertilization rate, incubation rate and Ploidy Identification
Fertilization rate be grow to blastula stage ovum number account for the percentage of whole floating ovum numbers; Incubation rate is the percentage that newly hatched larvae number accounts for whole floating ovum numbers.
Get primitive gut and carry out chromosome sectioning, count its chromosome number, by determining whether as tetraploid with dliploid contrast, turbot diploid chromosome number 2n=44, tetraploid chromosomes number is 4n=88, calculates thus tetraploid ratio; The fry of getting newly hatched larvae and the rear different developmental phases of hatching, utilizes its DNA content of cells were tested by flow cytometry, by determining whether as tetraploid with dliploid contrast, and calculates its tetraploid ratio.
In the present embodiment, induction group obtains newly hatched larvae approximately 50700 tails altogether in batches, and fertilization rate is 65.0%, and incubation rate is 33.8%, and gastrula stage, tetraploid rate was 85%, and newly hatched larvae phase tetraploid rate is that 88%(is referring to Fig. 2).
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment fertilization period, the period of hatching and Induction period, three period ocean temperature used be the constant suitable turbot feritilization of ovum and the water temperature of hatching, three of the period of being fertilized, the period of hatching and Induction periods ocean temperature in period is 15.5 ± 0.1 DEG C.
1) collection of gamete
Choose in the essence of laying eggs and contain and expect that the parent population producing lies on cushion gently, wipe its body surface and gonopore water and dirt around away, then slowly extruding from back to front, smart ovum is clamp-oned respectively in beaker or basin for subsequent use.Dissect Microscopic observation its ovum and be that spheroidal, transparent, oily ball are concentrated, moderate, the big or small homogeneous in ovum footpath; Its seminal fluid is creamy white, and concentration is suitable, adds that appropriate sea-water activated rear sperm viability is high, walk time is long under microscope.
2) artificial insemination
Control group artificial insemination:
Get 0.15mL seminal fluid, sea-water activated with a little after, pour into rapidly in 30mL ovum, gently stir it is mixed, then supplement about 120mL seawater.After fertilization 5min, repeatedly rinse for several times to remove unnecessary seminal fluid by fresh seawater, the container that then fertilized egg putting into is filled to about 300mL fresh seawater is stand-by, and during supplement about 400mL equality of temperature fresh seawater.
Induction group artificial insemination in batches:
After control group artificial insemination 15min, get with control group and be fertilized, wash ovum and hatch, smart ovum ratio and the same control group of method with batch smart ovum.
3) process determining of moment
After artificial insemination, observe at any time the development of fertilized ova situation of control group and induction group with anatomical lens.While finding control group after fertilization 88min, 70-80% fertilized egg has just started to occur First cleavage trace, has been recorded as the First cleavage time.
Now the induction group processing moment is 10min, i.e. after fertilization 78min before First cleavage trace occurs in batches.
4) the tetraploid induction of turbot
1min(after fertilization 77min before processing) when left and right, turbot fertilized eggs is connected to seawater and be transferred in hydrostatic press pressurizing vessel, while being about to reach the processing moment, rapidly pressure is risen to 70MPa, pressure release after processing 6min, take out fertilized egg, be placed in equality of temperature seawater and continue to cultivate.
5) calculating of fertilization rate, incubation rate and Ploidy Identification
Fertilization rate be grow to blastula stage ovum number account for the percentage of whole floating ovum numbers; Incubation rate is the percentage that newly hatched larvae number accounts for whole floating ovum numbers.
Get primitive gut and carry out chromosome sectioning, count its chromosome number, by determining whether as tetraploid with dliploid contrast, turbot diploid chromosome number 2n=44, tetraploid is 4n=88, calculates thus tetraploid ratio; The fry of getting newly hatched larvae and the rear different developmental phases of hatching, utilizes its DNA content of cells were tested by flow cytometry, by determining whether as tetraploid with dliploid contrast, and calculates its tetraploid ratio.
In the present embodiment, induction group obtains newly hatched larvae approximately 35000 tails altogether in batches, and fertilization rate is 60.5%, and incubation rate is 17.5%, and gastrula stage, tetraploid rate was 90%, and newly hatched larvae phase tetraploid rate is 88%.
Shown by the above results, operating process of the present invention is simple and quick, and result is stable, reproducible, and the mass induction that can be used for turbot tetraploid fry is produced.And then the tetraploid turbot obtaining by induction and the mode of diploid hybrid, that puts things right once and for all carries out triploid Breeding.Obtain thus the seed of the features such as growth is fast, individual greatly, strong stress resistance.
Claims (4)
1. a batch abductive approach for turbot tetraploid fry, is characterized in that:
1) turbot artificial fertilization:
Select sexually matured turbot parent population, collect respectively seminal fluid and ovum, stand-by;
Get above-mentioned seminal fluid and ovum by volume 1:100-200 ratio inseminate, as a control group;
After control group artificial insemination 15 ~ 25min, by the seminal fluid of above-mentioned collection and ovum by volume 1:100-200 ratio inseminate, as induction group;
2) chromosome induction doubles
Occur that using control group 70 ~ 80% fertilized eggs the time of First cleavage trace appears in the time of First cleavage trace as induction group fertilized egg, there is front 10 ~ 20min at induction group First cleavage trace, step 1) induction group fertilized egg is placed in hydrostatic press pressurizing vessel, under 60 ~ 70MPa hydrostatic pressing, carrying out pressure shock processes, pressure release after processing 6 ~ 8min, take out fertilized egg, be placed in seawater and continue to cultivate; Then measure tetraploid rate in gastrula stage and fry phase.
2. by the batch abductive approach of turbot tetraploid fry claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 1) and step 2) in the temperature of three of fertilization period, the period of hatching and Induction periods seawater used in period be the constant long required water temperature of suitable turbot oviparity.
3. by the batch abductive approach of turbot tetraploid fry claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described step 1) and step 2) in fertilization period, the period of hatching and Induction period, between three periods, the temperature difference of ocean temperature is at ± 0.1 DEG C.
4. by the batch abductive approach of turbot tetraploid fry claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described time that step 1) induction group fertilized egg is placed in hydrostatic press pressurizing vessel is 1min left and right before induction group is processed.
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| CN104604774A (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2015-05-13 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Induce method for turbot homogenesis gynogenesis fry |
| CN105230533A (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2016-01-13 | 中国水产科学研究院北戴河中心实验站 | Induction and detection method for androgenesis dihaploid of Paralichthys olivaceus |
| CN105941330A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-09-21 | 湖南文理学院 | Efficient breeding method for male tetraploid pure lines of soft-shelled turtles |
| CN114557296A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-31 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for inducing scophthalmus maximus triploid in batches by hydrostatic pressure method |
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| CN105230533B (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2018-07-06 | 中国水产科学研究院北戴河中心实验站 | A kind of induction of lefteye flounder androgenesis dihaploid and detection method |
| CN105941330A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-09-21 | 湖南文理学院 | Efficient breeding method for male tetraploid pure lines of soft-shelled turtles |
| CN114557296A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-31 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for inducing scophthalmus maximus triploid in batches by hydrostatic pressure method |
| CN114557296B (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-12-02 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for inducing scophthalmus maximus triploid in batches by hydrostatic pressure method |
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