CN103271721B - Method and system for detecting parallel OCT based on spectrum coding and orthogonal light splitting - Google Patents

Method and system for detecting parallel OCT based on spectrum coding and orthogonal light splitting Download PDF

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CN103271721B
CN103271721B CN201310187354.7A CN201310187354A CN103271721B CN 103271721 B CN103271721 B CN 103271721B CN 201310187354 A CN201310187354 A CN 201310187354A CN 103271721 B CN103271721 B CN 103271721B
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CN103271721A (en
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丁志华
陈志彦
鲍文
王川
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Ningbo Core Photoelectric Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method and system for detecting parallel OCT based on spectrum coding and orthogonal light splitting. A series of optical frequency combs with frequencies which are not overlapped are formed in different horizontal detecting positions of a sample, and spectrum coding and horizontal lighting of the sample in the horizontal position are achieved. A detecting arm of a parallel OCT detecting system is formed by two levels of space orthogonal light splitting spectrographs, and the detecting arm is composed of a virtual image phase controlling array and a raster. A high-speed area array CCD is used as a detector to interfere with parallel detecting of spectral signals. Spectral information is finally transmitted to a computer, and fast reconstruction of horizontal position information and axial depth information of the sample is achieved in the computer. According to the method and system for detecting the parallel OCT based on the spectrum coding and the orthogonal light splitting, under the premise that the requirement for a high spectral resolution can be met, an all-fiber system replaces a space optical system, in addition, the problem of mutual crosstalk existing in previous parallel detecting can be avoided, and therefore parallel spectral domain OCT imaging with a high signal-to-noise ratio, a high horizontal resolution and a high axial resolution can be achieved.

Description

Based on optical spectrum encoded and parallel OCT detection method and system quadrature light splitting
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical field, relate to a kind of based on optical spectrum encoded and parallel OCT detection method and system quadrature light splitting.
Background technology
Optical coherent chromatographic imaging (Optical Coherence Tomography, OCT) can be implemented noncontact, not damaged, the high-resolution imaging in vivo of live body internal organizational structure and physiological function, in biomedical imaging field, has a wide range of applications.
Current spectral coverage OCT system gathers the spectral components of interference signal by high speed linear array CCD (or linear array CMOS), without axial scan, just can obtain the depth information of sample, there is quick and highly sensitive feature, but due to needs transversal scanning, thereby image taking speed is still restricted, be not suitable for measuring the motion sample that needs extremely short imaging time.Therefore, spectral coverage OCT is necessary to adopt the method for parallel detecting, carries out two dimensional image imaging without axial scan and transversal scanning in the situation that.
External a lot of scientific research institution has all carried out the research of this respect, as the S. Witte group of Amsterdam, the Netherlands Free University has built the centre wavelength based on 808nm, the parallel spectral coverage OCT system of the femto-second laser of bandwidth 60nm, the two dimensional image imaging time of 1392 * 1040 pixels is 0.2ms, and axial resolution is 5um; The Yoshiaki Yasuno group of Japan University of tsukuba, has built the centre wavelength based on 840nm, and the parallel spectral coverage OCT system of the femto-second laser of bandwidth 50nm, simultaneously in conjunction with transversal scanning, has realized amphiblestroid three-dimensional imaging, and axial resolution is 7.4um.Above-described parallel spectral coverage OCT system is in sample arm, to use cylindrical lens to obtain line illumination to survey light.Owing to using coherent source, in line illumination light, between the luminous point of diverse location, there is higher coherence, thereby scattered light will be introduced coherent crosstalk, cause surveying signal to noise ratio and decline, system lateral resolution declines then, has finally reduced image quality.In addition, traditional parallel spectral coverage OCT system, on sample, the detection light of diverse location only obtains separation on direction in space, therefore cannot use fibre system, and can only use free space system, and this has increased volume and the complexity of system greatly.
The coherent crosstalk bringing for eliminating coherent source, the Branislav Grajciar group of Austria Vienna medical college is used thermal light source to test, result shows that the luminous power of light source is not enough to carry out the imaging of biological tissue, and the imaging depth of wide spectrum light source is very limited.
The Tatsutoshi Shioda group of Japan Changgong university has been used the light splitting of virtual image phased array in reference arm, has avoided coherent crosstalk, but does not carry out light splitting owing to surveying light, has caused the decline of coherent contrast degree, and cannot use fibre system equally.
The D.Yelin group of Harvard Medical School proposes optical spectrum encoded endoscope, realizes the parallel imaging technique of simple optical fiber, but narrows down owing to surveying light spectral bandwidth after grating beam splitting, has caused the decline of axial resolution.
Therefore, how in the situation that guaranteeing imaging resolution, to complete the large technological difficulties that axial and horizontal complete parallel measurement is parallel spectral coverage OCT system development.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of based on optical spectrum encoded and parallel OCT detection method and system quadrature light splitting, sample arm part in the parallel spectral coverage OCT system of high-resolution, adopt virtual image phased array (Virtual Imaged Phased Array, VIPA) light splitting, in the feeler arm part of the parallel spectral coverage OCT system of high-resolution, the quadrature sub-ray spectrometer of employing based on virtual image phased array and grating realized the parallel spectrographic detection of high spectral resolution.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Based on optical spectrum encoded and parallel OCT detection method quadrature light splitting, in sample arm, detecting light beam is adopted to the optical spectrum encoded method of spatial domain; In feeler arm, interfering beam is adopted to spectrum decoding and the optical spectrum detecting method of spatial domain two-stage quadrature light splitting.In conjunction with two kinds of methods, can realize the parallel high-resolution of spectral coverage OCT surveys.Its concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1: in the sample arm of parallel spectral coverage OCT system, employing Free Spectral Range is little, the spatial domain light-splitting device virtual image phased array that spectral resolution is high carries out dispersion light splitting to detecting light beam, export a series of frequencies not overlapping uniformly-spaced optical frequency com mutually, the overall bandwidth of each optical frequency com is close to the bandwidth of light source, detecting light beam after light splitting forms line illumination at sample surfaces, the optical frequency com of different frequency irradiates the different lateral attitudes of sample surfaces, thereby in the optical signal reflecting, the optical frequency com of different frequency will carry the sample interior structural information of different lateral attitudes, thereby realization is optical spectrum encoded to the horizontal information of sample,
Step 2: in the feeler arm of parallel spectral coverage OCT system, select with virtual image phased array consistent in sample arm as spectrum decoding unit, the broadband interference light that this unit reflects sample is spatially divided into a series of optical frequency com outputs corresponding with surveying light, the lateral attitude information of going back raw sample by the spectrum decoding to interference light;
Step 3: in the feeler arm of parallel spectral coverage OCT system, by spectrum decoding unit, implement a series of optical frequency coms that obtain after spectrum decoding, spatial domain light-splitting device grating lower by spectral resolution, that Free Spectral Range is wider is implemented secondary light splitting on orthogonal direction again, Reflection Optical Thin Film frequency comb with interference information is decomposed into interference spectrum, and the spectral resolution of grating is less than the Free Spectral Range of virtual image phased array;
Step 4: in the feeler arm of parallel spectral coverage OCT system, the interference spectrum after quadrature light splitting is by the parallel detecting of the spectrum imaging system enforcement interference spectrum signal that is comprised of condenser lens and high speed face array CCD or high-speed area array CMOS.
Based on optical spectrum encoded and parallel OCT detection system quadrature light splitting, comprise wideband light source, optical circulator, broadband optical fiber coupler, the first fiber collimating lenses, the second fiber collimating lenses, the 3rd fiber collimating lenses, the first cylindrical focusing lens, the second cylindrical focusing lens, the first condenser lens, the second condenser lens, the first virtual image phased array, the second virtual image phased array, grating, sample, plane mirror, high speed face array CCD or high-speed area array CMOS.
From wideband light source low-coherent light out, through optical circulator, incide broadband optical fiber coupler, through light splitting Hou Yi road, light enters sample arm; Described sample arm: the light after broadband optical fiber coupler light splitting incides the cylinder of the first cylindrical focusing lens through the first fiber collimating lenses, plane outgoing from the first cylindrical focusing lens, the light of outgoing converges to the entrance window of the first virtual image phased array front surface, rear surface outgoing from the first virtual image phased array, after the first condenser lens, be irradiated to sample, the light reflecting from sample is back to broadband optical fiber coupler via former road.
Another road light after broadband optical fiber coupler light splitting enters reference arm.Described reference arm: the light after broadband optical fiber coupler light splitting is irradiated to plane mirror through the second fiber collimating lenses, the light reflecting from plane mirror is back to broadband optical fiber coupler via former road.
The two-way light returning from sample arm and reference arm forms interference light after interfering broadband optical fiber coupler, through optical circulator, enters feeler arm, by feeler arm, interference light is decomposed into interference spectrum signal.Described feeler arm: interference light is through the 3rd fiber collimating lenses, incide the cylinder of the second cylindrical focusing lens, plane outgoing from the second cylindrical focusing lens, the light of outgoing converges to the entrance window of the second virtual image phased array front surface, rear surface outgoing from the second virtual image phased array, carry out the first order light splitting in spatial domain, reenter and be mapped to grating, in orthogonal intersection space direction, carry out second level light splitting, through the second condenser lens imaging, adopt high speed face array CCD or high-speed area array CMOS to carry out parallel detecting.Last these spectral signals change the signal of telecommunication into and import computer into, and in computer, implement Fourier transform scheduling algorithm processing reconstructed sample image.
Compare with background technology, the beneficial effect that the present invention has is:
1. by using virtual image phased array to implement dispersion light splitting to detecting light beam in sample arm, realization is optical spectrum encoded to sample lateral attitude, by using identical virtual image phased array to carry out corresponding spectrum decoding, go back the horizontal information of raw sample again on feeler arm.Compare traditional parallel OCT system, on sample, the reflected light of different lateral attitudes is not overlapping mutually on spectrum, thereby coherence is poor between the reflected light of diverse location, can eliminates comparatively up hill and dale the phenomenon of coherent crosstalk, thereby significantly improve the lateral resolution that parallel OCT surveys.In sample arm, traditional optical spectrum encoded spectral resolution that generally adopts is low, and the wide grating of Free Spectral Range carries out light splitting, and the spectral bandwidth that causes line illumination to survey each luminous point of light narrows down, thereby causes the decline of axial resolution.The virtual image phased array that the present invention uses in sample arm, there is spectral resolution high, the feature that Free Spectral Range is narrow, thereby the spectrum of each luminous point of line illumination detection light is optical frequency com, and the overall bandwidth of these optical frequency coms is all close to the bandwidth of light source, thereby can avoid the decline of axially differentiating.2. because the lateral attitude information to sample in sample arm has been carried out optical spectrum encoded, the optical frequency com of different frequency irradiates the different lateral attitudes of sample surfaces, in the optical signal reflecting, the optical frequency com of different frequency carries the sample interior structural information of different lateral attitudes, thereby can replace free space system by fibre system, whole spectrum investigating system is more easily realized miniaturization and integrated.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is system structure principle schematic of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is 3-D view and the optical spectrum encoded principle schematic thereof of sample arm of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the 3-D view of feeler arm of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the virtual image phased array light splitting schematic diagram of feeler arm of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the grating beam splitting schematic diagram of feeler arm of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the principle schematic of spectrum decoding of the present invention and parallel detecting.
In figure: 1, wideband light source, 2, optical circulator, 3, broadband optical fiber coupler, 4, collimating lens, 5, cylindrical lens, 6, virtual image phased array, 7, condenser lens, 8, sample, 9, collimating lens, 10, plane mirror, 11, collimating lens, 12, cylindrical lens, 13, virtual image phased array, 14, grating, 15, condenser lens, 16, high speed face array CCD or high-speed area array CMOS, 17, sample arm, 18, reference arm, 19, feeler arm.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and exemplifying embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated:
Based on optical spectrum encoded and parallel OCT detection method quadrature light splitting, in sample arm, detecting light beam is adopted to the optical spectrum encoded method of spatial domain; In feeler arm, interfering beam is adopted to spectrum decoding and the optical spectrum detecting method of spatial domain two-stage quadrature light splitting.In conjunction with two kinds of methods, can realize the parallel high-resolution of spectral coverage OCT surveys.Its concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1: in the sample arm of parallel spectral coverage OCT system, employing Free Spectral Range is little, the spatial domain light-splitting device virtual image phased array that spectral resolution is high carries out dispersion light splitting to detecting light beam, export a series of frequencies not overlapping uniformly-spaced optical frequency com mutually, the overall bandwidth of each optical frequency com is close to the bandwidth of light source, detecting light beam after light splitting forms line illumination at sample surfaces, the optical frequency com of different frequency irradiates the different lateral attitudes of sample surfaces, thereby in the optical signal reflecting, the optical frequency com of different frequency will carry the sample interior structural information of different lateral attitudes, thereby realization is optical spectrum encoded to the horizontal information of sample,
Step 2: in the feeler arm of parallel spectral coverage OCT system, select with virtual image phased array consistent in sample arm as spectrum decoding unit, the broadband interference light that this unit reflects sample is spatially divided into a series of optical frequency com outputs corresponding with surveying light, the lateral attitude information of going back raw sample by the spectrum decoding to interference light;
Step 3: in the feeler arm of parallel spectral coverage OCT system, by spectrum decoding unit, implement a series of optical frequency coms that obtain after spectrum decoding, spatial domain light-splitting device grating lower by spectral resolution, that Free Spectral Range is wider is implemented secondary light splitting on orthogonal direction again, Reflection Optical Thin Film frequency comb with interference information is decomposed into interference spectrum, and the spectral resolution of grating is less than the Free Spectral Range of virtual image phased array;
Step 4: in the feeler arm of parallel spectral coverage OCT system, the interference spectrum after quadrature light splitting is implemented the parallel detecting of interference spectrum signal by the spectrum imaging system being comprised of condenser lens and high speed face array CCD.
As shown in Figure 1, based on optical spectrum encoded and parallel OCT detection system quadrature light splitting, comprise wideband light source 1, optical circulator 2, broadband optical fiber coupler 3, the first fiber collimating lenses 4, the second fiber collimating lenses 9, the 3rd fiber collimating lenses 11, the first cylindrical focusing lens 5, the second cylindrical focusing lens 12, the first condenser lens 7, the second condenser lens 15, the first virtual image phased array 6, the second virtual image phased array 13, grating 14, sample 8, plane mirror 10, high speed face array CCD or high-speed area array CMOS16.
From wideband light source 1 low-coherent light out, through optical circulator 2, incide broadband optical fiber coupler 3, through light splitting Hou Yi road, enter sample arm 17; Described sample arm 17: the light after broadband optical fiber coupler light splitting incides the cylinder of the first cylindrical focusing lens 5 through the first fiber collimating lenses 4, plane outgoing from the first cylindrical focusing lens 5, the light of outgoing converges to the entrance window of the first virtual image phased array 6 front surfaces, rear surface outgoing from the first virtual image phased array 6, after the first condenser lens 7, be irradiated to sample 8, the light reflecting from sample 8 is back to broadband optical fiber coupler 3 via former road.
Another road after broadband optical fiber coupler 3 light splitting enters reference arm 18.Described reference arm 18: the light after broadband optical fiber coupler light splitting is irradiated to plane mirror 10 through the second fiber collimating lenses 9, and the light reflecting from plane mirror 10 is back to broadband optical fiber coupler 3 via former road.
The two-way light returning from sample arm 17 and reference arm 18 forms interference light after interfering broadband optical fiber coupler 3, enters feeler arm 19, by feeler arm 19, interference light is decomposed into interference spectrum signal.Described feeler arm 19: interference light is through the 3rd fiber collimating lenses 11, incide the cylinder of the second cylindrical focusing lens 12, plane outgoing from the second cylindrical focusing lens 12, the light of outgoing converges to the entrance window of the second virtual image phased array 13 front surfaces, rear surface outgoing from the second virtual image phased array 13, carry out the first order light splitting in spatial domain, reenter and be mapped to grating 14, in orthogonal intersection space direction, carry out second level light splitting, through the second condenser lens 15 imagings, adopt high speed face array CCD or high-speed area array CMOS16 to carry out parallel detecting.Last these spectral signals change the signal of telecommunication into and import computer into, and in computer, implement the image of Fourier transform scheduling algorithm processing reconstructed sample 8.
As shown in Figure 2, the detection light that enters sample arm 17 via the first collimating lens 4 and the first cylindrical focusing lens 5 after, converge on the rear surface of the first virtual image phased array 6 and form straight line.Except incidence window, it is 100% total reflection film that the front surface of the first virtual image phased array 6 is coated with reflectance, thereby the light beam reflecting via rear surface will all be reflected back rear surface, rear surface is coated with highly reflecting films, the multiple reflections of front and rear surfaces has formed the virtual image that a series of directional lights that focused on by the first cylindrical lens 5 converge the straight line forming, i.e. virtual image array.Between these virtual images, interfere with each other the effect that has produced space light splitting, light splitting light beam is irradiated to sample 8 after the first condenser lens 7 focuses on, and forms line illumination and survey light on sample 8.The spectrum of each exploring spot on sample 8 is an optical frequency com, and these optical frequency coms are not overlapping mutually, thereby in the optical signal reflecting, the information of different probe units is recorded in the optical frequency com of different frequency, thereby the horizontal space information of sample 8, with form record and the transmission of spectrum, has realized optical spectrum encoded.For example, the corresponding spectrum of the exploring spot A on sample 8 be A1, A2, A3, A4 ..., the corresponding spectrum of exploring spot B be B1, B2, B3, B4 ...The spectrum of each exploring spot keeps the original bandwidth of wideband light source, so system can realize high axial resolution; Reflected light from different lateral attitudes on sample 8 is not overlapping mutually on spectrum, and coherence is poor, can eliminate comparatively up hill and dale the phenomenon of coherent crosstalk, thereby significantly improves the lateral resolution that parallel OCT surveys.
As shown in Figure 3, in feeler arm 19, interference light is through the 3rd collimating lens 11 and the second cylindrical focusing lens 12, incide the second virtual image phased array 13, in y direction, carry out first order light splitting, reenter and be mapped to grating 14, carry out second level light splitting in x direction, x direction and y direction are the orthogonal direction on space.Spectrum after the light splitting of front and back stages light-splitting device, through the second condenser lens 15 imagings, adopts high speed face array CCD or high-speed area array CMOS16 to carry out parallel detecting.
As shown in Figure 4,5, the spectrum after the second virtual image phased array 13 light splitting distributes in the y-direction on high speed face array CCD or high-speed area array CMOS16, realizes spectrum decoding; Spectrum after grating 14 light splitting distributes in the x-direction on high speed face array CCD or high-speed area array CMOS16, has recorded the interference spectrum information of sample 8.Below in conjunction with Fig. 6, the principle of spectrum decoding and parallel detecting is described further.
As shown in Figure 6, high speed face array CCD or high-speed area array CMOS16 detect quadrature spectrophotometric spectra.The spectral resolution of the second virtual image phased array 13 is high, Free Spectral Range is narrow, and what therefore on high speed face array CCD 16, distribute in the y-direction is continuous spectrum; The spectral resolution of grating 14 is less than the Free Spectral Range of the second virtual image phased array 13, and what therefore distribute in the x-direction is pectination spectrum, and two adjacent row continuous spectrums are end to end.Because the second virtual image phased array 13 has corresponding spectral resolution and Free Spectral Range with the first virtual image phased array 6, therefore the spectrum after the second virtual image phased array 13 light splitting is corresponding with the spectrum after the first virtual image phased array 6 light splitting in sample arm 17, thereby along row different on y axle corresponding to probe units different on sample 8, reduce the horizontal information of sample 8, realized spectrum decoding; And a line pectination spectrum distributing at x axle is corresponding to the interference spectrum of a probe unit on sample 8, the axial information of having carried this probe unit.The spectrum that for example A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 form is corresponding to probe unit A, and the spectrum of B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 formation is corresponding to probe unit B.By high speed face array CCD or high-speed area array CMOS16, imaging to multirow pectination spectrum time, has realized parallel interference spectrum and has surveyed.

Claims (1)

1. based on optical spectrum encoded and parallel OCT detection method quadrature light splitting, it is characterized in that, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 1: in the sample arm of parallel spectral coverage OCT system, employing Free Spectral Range is little, the spatial domain light-splitting device virtual image phased array that spectral resolution is high carries out dispersion light splitting to detecting light beam, export a series of frequencies not overlapping uniformly-spaced optical frequency com mutually, the overall bandwidth of each optical frequency com is close to the bandwidth of light source, detecting light beam after light splitting forms line illumination at sample surfaces, the optical frequency com of different frequency irradiates the different lateral attitudes of sample surfaces, thereby in the optical signal reflecting, the optical frequency com of different frequency will carry the sample interior structural information of different lateral attitudes, thereby realization is optical spectrum encoded to the horizontal information of sample,
Step 2: in the feeler arm of parallel spectral coverage OCT system, select with virtual image phased array consistent in sample arm as spectrum decoding unit, the broadband interference light that this unit reflects sample is spatially divided into a series of optical frequency com outputs corresponding with surveying light, the lateral attitude information of going back raw sample by the spectrum decoding to interference light;
Step 3: in the feeler arm of parallel spectral coverage OCT system, by spectrum decoding unit, implement a series of optical frequency coms that obtain after spectrum decoding, spatial domain light-splitting device grating lower by spectral resolution, that Free Spectral Range is wider is implemented secondary light splitting on orthogonal direction again, Reflection Optical Thin Film frequency comb with interference information is decomposed into interference spectrum, and the spectral resolution of grating is less than the Free Spectral Range of virtual image phased array;
Step 4: in the feeler arm of parallel spectral coverage OCT system, the interference spectrum after quadrature light splitting is by the parallel detecting of the spectrum imaging system enforcement interference spectrum signal that is comprised of condenser lens and high speed face array CCD or high-speed area array CMOS.
2, based on optical spectrum encoded and parallel OCT detection system quadrature light splitting, comprise wideband light source, optical circulator, broadband optical fiber coupler, the first fiber collimating lenses, the second fiber collimating lenses, the 3rd fiber collimating lenses, the first cylindrical focusing lens, the second cylindrical focusing lens, the first condenser lens, the second condenser lens, the first virtual image phased array, the second virtual image phased array, grating, sample, plane mirror, high speed face array CCD or high-speed area array CMOS;
It is characterized in that: wideband light source low-coherent light out, through optical circulator, incide broadband optical fiber coupler, through light splitting Hou Yi road, light enters sample arm; Described sample arm: the light after broadband optical fiber coupler light splitting incides the cylinder of the first cylindrical focusing lens through the first fiber collimating lenses, plane outgoing from the first cylindrical focusing lens, the light of outgoing converges to the entrance window of the first virtual image phased array front surface, rear surface outgoing from the first virtual image phased array, after the first condenser lens, be irradiated to sample, the light reflecting from sample is back to broadband optical fiber coupler via former road;
Another road light after broadband optical fiber coupler light splitting enters reference arm; Described reference arm: the light after broadband optical fiber coupler light splitting is irradiated to plane mirror through the second fiber collimating lenses, the light reflecting from plane mirror is back to broadband optical fiber coupler via former road;
The two-way light returning from sample arm and reference arm forms interference light after interfering broadband optical fiber coupler, through optical circulator, enters feeler arm, by feeler arm, interference light is decomposed into interference spectrum signal; Described feeler arm: interference light is through the 3rd fiber collimating lenses, incide the cylinder of the second cylindrical focusing lens, plane outgoing from the second cylindrical focusing lens, the light of outgoing converges to the entrance window of the second virtual image phased array front surface, rear surface outgoing from the second virtual image phased array, carry out the first order light splitting in spatial domain, reenter and be mapped to grating, in orthogonal intersection space direction, carry out second level light splitting, through the second condenser lens imaging, adopt high speed face array CCD or high-speed area array CMOS to carry out parallel detecting; Last these spectral signals change the signal of telecommunication into and import computer into, and in computer, implement fourier transform algorithm processing reconstructed sample image.
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