CN103173760A - Method for improving compactness of 3D (three dimensional) printing metal part by adopting second laser beam - Google Patents
Method for improving compactness of 3D (three dimensional) printing metal part by adopting second laser beam Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the compactness of a 3D (three dimensional) printing metal part by adopting a second laser beam. The method comprises the following steps of: (a) pretreating a printing base and a printing baseplate; (b) carrying out 3D printing on the printing baseplate by using a first laser beam and alloy powder according to a preset moving trajectory by the way of lap joint step by step and superimposing layer by layer, protecting the surface of a workpiece and the flow field of the alloy powder by an inert gas in the process of printing, and melting the alloy powder by using the first laser beam to form a printing layer; (c) remelting the printing layer which is obtained by carrying out 3D printing by using the following second laser beam, wherein the second laser beam advances spirally or zigzag or telescopes back and forth according to the moving trajectory of the first laser beam; and (d) post-processing the metal part. Because the printing layer is remolten synchronously by adopting the second laser beam, the defects of holes, air pockets, thermal cracks and interface cracks generated in the process of carrying out 3D printing can be reduced, and the compactness of a metal tool can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of 3D Method of printing of metalwork, refer to especially utilize the second laser beam to improve the method that 3D prints the compactness of metalwork.
Background technology
The 3D printing technique is a kind of emerging forming method, its core is that the complicated 3D body with required Forming Workpiece is converted into the combination in simple 2D cross section by slicing treatment, therefore needn't adopt traditional machining tool and tool and mould, three-dimensional computer aided design models according to workpiece, on computer-controlled fast forming machine, along short transverse layer by layer deposition material, a series of 2D cross section laminated layer of Forming Workpiece, and make between lamella and lamella mutually bondingly, finally be piled into 3 D workpiece.present main 3D Method of printing has laser curing formula method, laser sintered formula method, laser-die cut formula method, 3 D-printing formula method and melt extruded formula method, reason due to the principle of work of 5 kinds of fast forming machines and structure etc., the shaped material that they are suitable for is very limited, for example, the material that laser curing formula method is used can only be the particular liquid photosensitive resin, the material that melt extruded formula method is used can only be the plastic wire of special diameter and composition, the material that 3 D-printing formula method is used can only be the terra alba of special component, the powder materials such as ceramics powder, the material that laser sintered formula method is used can only be the synthetic resin moulding compound of special component, the powder such as precoated sand and metal powder material, the material that the laser cutting type method is used can only be the paper wood of special component etc.It is the basic factor that determines the drip molding performance due to material, therefore, the limitation of material causes the device that fast forming machine is made mostly still can only be used for the sample of body observation, it not true available functional device, if particularly the 3D printing technique is utilized the moulding at metalwork, can there be certain defective so in moulding process, as pore, crackle, shrinkage cavity etc., the metal parts that these defectives all can cause final molding is compared larger gap in addition with the requirement of actual products on the performances such as mechanical, electric, mechanics.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: a kind of second laser beam that utilizes improves the method that 3D prints the compactness of metalwork, and the method utilizes first laser with the powdered alloy melting, relies on the mode of multi-track overlapping, successively stack to form metalwork; In the first Laser Printing, the second laser that utilization is trailed carries out the secondary consolidation to every layer of printable layer, by flowing and internal stresses release of liquid metal itself, the defectives such as the hole in minimizing 3D print procedure, air pocket, thermal crack, interface cracking improve metalwork compactness.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is: utilize the second laser beam to improve the method that 3D prints the compactness of metalwork, comprising:
A. printing base, printing base plate are carried out pre-treatment;
B. utilize first laser and powdered alloy to rely on the mode of multi-track overlapping, successively stack to carry out the 3D printing according to default track operation on the printing base plate, and in print procedure, workpiece face and powder flow field being carried out protection of inert gas, first laser makes the powdered alloy melting form printable layer;
C. utilize the second laser of trailing to print to 3D the printable layer that obtains and carry out remelting, second laser advances by the running orbit spiral of first laser or broken line advances or front and back fold into, between the spot center of the spot center of second laser and first laser, distance is 15-40mm, the angle of cut between second laser and printable layer is 80-85 °, the printable layer cooling rear formation metalwork that successively superposes;
D. metalwork is carried out post-production.
As a kind of preferred scheme, the powdered alloy of using in described method is Co-based alloy powder, and its composition is by weight percentage: 15-25%WC, 0.5-1%C, 2-4%CaF2,4-6%SiN4,15-20%Cr, 2-4%B, 0.5-1%V, 1-3%Si, 5-15%Mo, 0.5-1.5%Mn, surplus is Co, above-mentioned materials is 100-200 purpose powder.
As a kind of preferred scheme, described first laser is optical-fiber laser, this first laser adopts the mode of multi-track overlapping to move, the powder feeding direction of described powdered alloy and first laser beams coaxial, the optical maser wavelength of described first laser is 1.06 μ m, and output rating is 4000W, and travelling speed is 2-15mm/s, the single track width is 2-6mm, and the angle of cut between first laser and position to be printed is 80-85 °.
As a kind of preferred scheme, described first laser is carbon dioxide laser, move on the mode of this first laser employing multi-track overlapping, the powder feeding direction of described powdered alloy and first laser beams coaxial, the optical maser wavelength of described first laser is 10.6 μ m, and output rating is 5000W, and travelling speed is 2-15mm/s, the single track width is 2-6mm, and the angle of cut between described first laser and position to be printed is 80-85 °.
As a kind of preferred scheme, the thickness of every layer of printable layer is 0.5-3mm.
As a kind of preferred scheme, the power of second laser is less than the power of first laser.
As a kind of preferred scheme, described steps d comprises: d1, the metalwork after printing take out from printing base together with printing base plate; D2, with metalwork with print base plate and peel off; The later stage machining is carried out at d3, the position that metalwork physical dimension or surface accuracy are not met design requirements.
As a kind of preferred scheme, described steps d comprises: d11, metalwork is taken out from printing base together with printing base plate; The later stage machining is carried out at d12, the position that metalwork physical dimension or surface accuracy are not met design requirements; D13, with metalwork with print base plate and peel off; D14, on metalwork with print the joint face that base plate is connected and carry out the later stage machining.
As a kind of preferred scheme, the pre-treatment in step a comprises greasy dirt and the assorted bits of removing the surface.
after having adopted technique scheme, effect of the present invention is: utilize first laser alloy powder melts to form printable layer on the printing base plate, shape according to workpiece, according to default track operation, multi-track overlapping, successively stack, in the process that forms printable layer, because the first laser speed is very fast, powder feeding may be inhomogeneous, and, some ceramic phase particles in powder, can not be melted in print procedure, remain solid state, very easily cause the metalwork inner void, air pocket, thermal crack, the defectives such as interface cracking, therefore the printable layer compactness that forms is inadequate, at this moment, utilize second laser to print to 3D the printable layer that obtains and carry out remelting, second laser advances by the running orbit spiral of first laser or broken line advances or front and back fold into, not only can allow some bubbles in printable layer discharge in reflow process, and the tissue of printable layer is recombinated, the crackle that produces in the 3D print procedure, shrinkage cavity and the defective such as loose also all can be eliminated in the reflow process of second laser as much as possible, and just because of be superimposed as metalwork by some printable layers, defective in every one deck is all eliminated by the remelting of second laser, so just improved the compactness of whole metalwork, it is high that the method is applicable to print some design requirementss of manufacturing, stressed complexity, the metal works that Working environment is harsh, and the progression of second laser is spiral advance broken line advances or front and back fold into, can make the printable layer remelting more thorough, ceramic particle in powdered alloy distributes more even in printable layer, bubble residual in printable layer also can farthest be eliminated, the compactness of printable layer obviously improves.
again because the powdered alloy of using in described method is Co-based alloy powder, its composition is by weight percentage: 15-25%WC, 0.5-1%C, 2-4%CaF2, 4-6%SiN4, 15-20%Cr, 2-4%B, 0.5-1%V, 1-3%Si, 5-15%Mo, 0.5-1.5%Mn, surplus is Co, above-mentioned materials is 100-200 purpose powder, this powdered alloy with cobalt as basic powder, thorough melting during printing, other elements or compound even distribution after coagulation in the molten bath becomes printable layer, the intensity of the cooled metalwork of printable layer is high, and metal-powder pottery WC powder Uniform Dispersion in cobalt-based is present in its intensity of raising in printable layer, and added C, CaF2, SiN4, Cr, B, V, Si, Mo, the elements such as Mn, reduce the defectives such as crackle that this powder produces and shrinkage cavity when 3D prints, the compactness of metalwork is improved.
again because described first laser is optical-fiber laser, this first laser adopts the mode of multi-track overlapping to move, the powder feeding direction of described powdered alloy and first laser beams coaxial, the optical maser wavelength of described first laser is 1.06 μ m, output rating is 4000W, travelling speed is 2-15mm/s, the single track width is 2-6mm, the angle of cut between first laser and position to be printed is 85-90 °, utilize the coaxial setting of optical-fiber laser and powdered alloy, can guarantee that the powder around optical-fiber laser is even, improve print quality, and first laser adopts the mode of multi-track overlapping to move, efficient is high, operation rationally, more combine closely between the printable layer that forms, compactness is higher, also be convenient to simultaneously the operation of second laser, in addition, the angle of cut between first laser and position to be printed is 85-90 °, make the energy of first laser fully by metalwork position to be printed absorption, reduce the reflectivity of laser.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is the different running method schematic diagram of second laser in the present invention;
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below by specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A kind of second laser beam that utilizes improves the method that 3D prints the compactness of metalwork, comprising:
A. printing base, printing base plate are carried out pre-treatment; Described pre-treatment comprises greasy dirt or other impurity of removing base, printing backplate surface, wherein, wipe oil can adopt the mode of deoiling or the mode that adopts organic sanitising agent to deoil of heating, this printing base plate is the basis that successively superposes as printable layer, the printable layer of the first layer is printed on to be printed on base plate, and final metalwork takes shape in to be printed on base plate.
b. utilize first laser and powdered alloy to rely on the mode of multi-track overlapping, successively stack to carry out the 3D printing according to default track operation on the printing base plate, and in print procedure, workpiece face and powder flow field are carried out protection of inert gas, the gauge control of general every one deck printable layer is at 0.5-3mm, the present embodiment selects 0.5mm, first laser makes the powdered alloy melting form printable layer, and the laser transmitter of first laser is according to the track operation of computer programming in advance, and its printable layer successively superposes, thereby forms metalwork gradually, first laser in the present embodiment adopts optical-fiber laser, this first laser adopts the mode of multi-track overlapping to move, the powder feeding direction of described powdered alloy and first laser beams coaxial, the optical maser wavelength of described first laser is 1.06 μ m, output rating is 4000W, travelling speed is 2-15mm/s, the single track width is 2-6mm, the angle of cut between first laser and position to be printed is 80-85 °, wherein, multi-track overlapping refers to that the laser transmitter of first laser moves the printable layer of formation and printable layer before overlaps, consist of overlap joint, by that analogy, every one printable layer all overlaps with before printable layer, finally the mode by successively stack is printed as metalwork.And above-mentioned rare gas element preferred nitrogen, powdered alloy determines according to the performance that metalwork focuses on to require.As higher in metalwork requirement toughness and wear resistance, powdered alloy is Co-based alloy powder, and its composition is by weight percentage: 15%WC, 0.5%C, 2%CaF2,4%SiN4,15%Cr, 2%B, 0.5%V, 1%Si, 5%Mo, 0.5%Mn, surplus is Co, above-mentioned materials is 100-200 purpose powder.Also has higher wear resistance when using this powdered alloy to guarantee to have toughness.
C. in the process that 3D prints, the second laser that utilization is trailed is printed to 3D the printable layer that obtains and is carried out remelting, second laser advances by the running orbit spiral of first laser, due to having relatively high expectations that 3D prints, the power of corresponding first laser is also had relatively high expectations, and the lowest power that the power of second laser only need reach the printable layer melting gets final product, so the power of second laser is less than the power of first laser.Between the spot center of the spot center of second laser and first laser, distance is 15mm, and the angle of cut between second laser and printable layer is 80 °, and the operating rate of second laser, optical maser wavelength are identical with first laser.
Spiral advances and is to determine with the spot center operation of laser, and as shown in the A figure in Fig. 1, the line in A figure has schematically represented the working line of second laser spot center.The mode that this spiral advances can make second laser more thorough to the melting of printable layer, reinforcing particle in powdered alloy distributes more even in printable layer, bubble residual in printable layer also can farthest overflow elimination, the compactness of printable layer obviously improves, the various holes of printable layer, air pocket, thermal crack, interface cracking obviously reduce, after the second laser line was walked, the printable layer air cooling solidify to form metalwork.
D. to the post-production of carrying out of the metalwork after printing, this post-production comprises
D1, the metalwork after printing take out from printing base together with printing base plate;
D2, with metalwork with print base plate and peel off;
The later stage machining is carried out at d3, the position that metalwork physical dimension or surface accuracy are not met design requirements, guarantees that the physical dimension of metalwork or surface accuracy meet design requirements.Obtain by metallurgical analysis, 3D prints with common foundry goods and compares:
| Method | Toughness | Wear resistance | Bubble detects | Crack detection | Shrinkage cavity detects |
| Common foundry goods | Generally | Generally | Bubble is many | A small amount of crackle | A small amount of shrinkage cavity |
| The present embodiment | Good | Good | Without bubble | Flawless | Without shrinkage cavity |
Embodiment 2
Step in this embodiment is identical with embodiment 1, just the concrete technology parameter is slightly had any different, in this embodiment, first laser is carbon dioxide laser, this first laser adopts the mode of multi-track overlapping to move, the powder feeding direction of described powdered alloy and first laser beams coaxial, the optical maser wavelength of described first laser are 10.6 μ m, and output rating is 5000W, travelling speed is 2-15mm/s, and the single track width is 2-6mm.And second laser is equally also carbon dioxide laser, its operating rate, optical maser wavelength are identical with first laser, between the spot center of the spot center of second laser and first laser, distance is 30mm, the angle of cut between second laser and printable layer is 85 °, the progression of second laser selects broken line to advance, as shown in B figure in Fig. 1, the lines in this figure have schematically represented the working line of second laser spot center.wherein, between the spot center of spot center and first laser, distance has material impact to the Forming Quality that 3D prints, if its distance is too near, so, powdered alloy around first laser may be by the second lf, second laser does not just play the effect of remelting so, but equally become the 3D printing with first laser, if and it is apart from too far away, so may be cooling for first laser operation printable layer later, the this moment of remelting more so, lacked necessary warm, not only wasted the energy, and the effect of improving of compactness is descended to some extent.Therefore, its distance is controlled between 15-40mm, and this spacing printable layer is fully not cooling, and this moment the second laser remolten, it obviously improves the compactness of metal structure, discharges inner stress of work, accelerates shedding of bubble.The powdered alloy of the present embodiment is Co-based alloy powder, and its composition is by weight percentage: 20%WC, and 0.8%C, 3%CaF2,5%SiN4,18%Cr, 3%B, 0.8%V, 2%Si, 10%Mo, 1%Mn, surplus is Co, above-mentioned materials is 100-200 purpose powder.And difference to some extent in steps d and embodiment 1 in the present embodiment, the present embodiment steps d comprises
D11, metalwork is taken out from printing base together with printing base plate;
The later stage machining is carried out at d12, the position that metalwork physical dimension or surface accuracy are not met design requirements;
D13, with metalwork with print base plate and peel off;
D14, on metalwork with print the joint face that base plate is connected and carry out the later stage machining, can process printing base plate more in addition, remove and adhere to superincumbent scrap metal, for 3D printing next time ready.
Embodiment 3
This embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 1, between the spot center of the spot center of second laser and first laser, distance is 40mm, the angle of cut between second laser and printable layer is 82 °, before and after fold into being also that the operation of the spot center to the printable layer is determined with the second laser radiation, as shown in the C figure in Fig. 1, the direction of arrow in C figure has schematically represented the running route of second laser spot center.Its fore-and-aft direction is determined according to first laser working direction.In this embodiment, powdered alloy used is Co-based alloy powder, and its composition is by weight percentage: 25%WC, and 1%C, 4%CaF2,6%SiN4,20%Cr, 4%B, 1%V, 3%Si, 15%Mo, 1.5%Mn, surplus is Co, above-mentioned materials is 100-200 purpose powder.
As from the foregoing, the method utilizes second laser that each defective in printable layer is eliminated, and can improve the quality of printing, guarantees the success ratio of Laser Printing.And for the operation scheme of first laser multi-track overlapping, can determine according to the shape of metalwork to be printed.When for example metalwork to be printed was revolving part, the walking of first laser can be around the spiral operation of metalwork turning axle, and its printable layer is spirrillum, overlaps between each spiral helicine printable layer; When and for example metalwork to be printed was cubes, first laser can be that orthoscopic comes and goes operation, and this moment, printable layer was linearity.Concrete embodiment will affect intensity and the stressed limit of metalwork on all directions, stressing conditions and design requirements that should be concrete according to workpiece, required design laser trend and overlapping mode.Any technician is equal within the technical scheme of replacing or changing all should fall into protection scope of the present invention according to technical scheme of the present invention and inventive concept within the technical scope that the present invention discloses.
Claims (9)
1. utilize the second laser beam to improve the method that 3D prints the compactness of metalwork, comprising:
A. printing base, printing base plate are carried out pre-treatment;
B. utilize first laser and powdered alloy printing on base plate according to default track operation, adopt the mode of multi-track overlapping, successively stack to carry out the 3D printing, and in print procedure, workpiece face and powder flow field being carried out protection of inert gas, first laser makes the powdered alloy melting form printable layer;
C. utilize the second laser of trailing to print to 3D the printable layer that obtains and carry out remelting, second laser advances by the running orbit spiral of first laser or broken line advances or front and back fold into, between the spot center of the spot center of second laser and first laser, distance is 15-40mm, the angle of cut between second laser and printable layer is 80-85 °, the printable layer cooling rear formation metalwork that successively superposes;
D. metalwork is carried out post-production.
2. the second laser beam that utilizes as claimed in claim 1 improves the method that 3D prints the compactness of metalwork, and it is characterized in that: the powdered alloy of using in described method is Co-based alloy powder, and its composition is by weight percentage: 15-25%WC, 0.5-1%C, 2-4%CaF2,4-6%SiN4,15-20%Cr, 2-4%B, 0.5-1%V, 1-3%Si, 5-15%Mo, 0.5-1.5%Mn, surplus is Co, above-mentioned materials is 100-200 purpose powder.
3. the second laser beam that utilizes as claimed in claim 2 improves the method that 3D prints the compactness of metalwork, it is characterized in that: described first laser is optical-fiber laser, this first laser adopts the mode of multi-track overlapping to move, the powder feeding direction of described powdered alloy and first laser beams coaxial, the optical maser wavelength of described first laser is 1.06 μ m, output rating is 4000W, travelling speed is 2-15mm/s, the single track width is 2-6mm, and the angle of cut between first laser and position to be printed is 80-85 °.
4. the second laser beam that utilizes as claimed in claim 2 improves the method that 3D prints the compactness of metalwork, it is characterized in that: described first laser is carbon dioxide laser, move on the mode of this first laser employing multi-track overlapping, the powder feeding direction of described powdered alloy and first laser beams coaxial, the optical maser wavelength of described first laser is 10.6 μ m, output rating is 5000W, travelling speed is 2-15mm/s, the single track width is 2-6mm, and the angle of cut between described first laser and position to be printed is 80-85 °.
5. the method for utilizing the second laser beam to improve the compactness of 3D printing metalwork as described in claim 3 or 4 is characterized in that: the thickness of every layer of printable layer is 0.5-3mm.
6. the second laser beam that utilizes as claimed in claim 5 improves the method that 3D prints the compactness of metalwork, and it is characterized in that: the power of second laser is less than the power of first laser.
7. the second laser beam that utilizes as claimed in claim 6 improves the method that 3D prints the compactness of metalwork, and it is characterized in that: described steps d comprises
D1, the metalwork after printing take out from printing base together with printing base plate;
D2, with metalwork with print base plate and peel off;
The later stage machining is carried out at d3, the position that metalwork physical dimension or surface accuracy are not met design requirements.
8. the second laser beam that utilizes as claimed in claim 6 improves the method that 3D prints the compactness of metalwork, and it is characterized in that: described steps d comprises
D11, metalwork is taken out from printing base together with printing base plate;
The later stage machining is carried out at d12, the position that metalwork physical dimension or surface accuracy are not met design requirements;
D13, with metalwork with print base plate and peel off;
D14, to metalwork with print the joint face that base plate is connected and carry out the later stage machining.
9. the second laser beam that utilizes as claimed in claim 1 improves the method that 3D prints the compactness of metalwork, it is characterized in that: the pre-treatment in step a comprises greasy dirt and the assorted bits of removing the surface.
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