CN101607311A - A kind of fusion of metal powder of three beams of laser compound scanning quick forming method - Google Patents
A kind of fusion of metal powder of three beams of laser compound scanning quick forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101607311A CN101607311A CNA2009103046311A CN200910304631A CN101607311A CN 101607311 A CN101607311 A CN 101607311A CN A2009103046311 A CNA2009103046311 A CN A2009103046311A CN 200910304631 A CN200910304631 A CN 200910304631A CN 101607311 A CN101607311 A CN 101607311A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for fast mfg of three beams of laser compound scanning, this method is utilized long wavelength laser (CO earlier
2Laser) to metal dust carry out preheating, the long laser of radiothermy (YAG or optical-fiber laser) melts, utilizes at last long wavelength laser (CO to metal dust again
2Laser) frozen metal is heat-treated.The present invention uses three beams of laser compound scanning, promptly utilizes the fusing of long wavelength laser preheating, short wavelength laser, again by long wavelength laser heat treatment, thereby can realize preheating, fusing, the heat treatment recombination process of metal dust.This three beams of laser compound scanning mode can reduce metal parts internal stress, avoid warping and cracking, improve tissue, improve performance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to quick manufacturing field, be specifically related to the compound scan quick forming method of two bundle long wavelength lasers (carbon dioxide) and a branch of short wavelength laser (optical fiber or Nd:YAG), can realize the microcell preheating/fusing/heat treatment process of metal dust.
Background technology
Adopt selective laser fusing (Selective Laser Melting, SLM) the technology quick building mortion report to some extent of directly making metal parts, see " a kind of rapid forming system of direct manufacturing metal parts " (publication number is: CN1631582A open day was: on 06 29th, 2005).Though they can realize directly making complicated arbitrarily metal parts, this scanning means does not have pre-heating system.In this case, occur after the laser beam flying that the metal dust quilt moves rapidly melting fast and the rapid solidification phenomenon, and the field distribution of powder bed tempertaure is inhomogeneous, forms bigger thermograde and thermal stress, thereby easily causes metal parts phenomenons such as crackle, warpage to occur.
Preheating can reduce thermograde to the powder bed ensemble, relaxes thermal stress, thereby has significantly reduced defectives such as cracking in the metal parts forming process, warpage.And preheating can reduce the laser energy input to the powder bed ensemble, can select sweep speed faster for use, helps improving the efficient of form metal part.But preheating need be heated working cylinder to the powder bed ensemble.Yet, whole building mortion all is to be combined by metallic element, the heat conduction of element part is very important during the integral body preheating: preheating causes the operating temperature of electric systems such as various motors, laser scanning system, laser instrument too high easily to the powder bed ensemble, hinders normal operation of machine even damage element part.
Summary of the invention
At the existing metal parts deficiency that pre-heating system exists that is shaped fast of directly making, the invention provides a kind of fusion of metal powder of three beams of laser compound scanning quick forming method, this method can be finished preheating continuously, solidify and heat treatment process in the part forming process, eliminate residual stress, reduce the crackle and the warping phenomenon of formation of parts greatly.
Laser compound scanning fast forming method of fusion of metal powder provided by the invention, its step comprises:
(1) utilize wavelength to scan metal dust along scanning pattern in advance, improve the metal dust temperature, and the control laser power makes preheat temperature be lower than the fusing point of metal dust greater than first laser beam of 10000nm;
(2) utilize wavelength less than second laser beam of 1100nm with of the path multiple scanning of identical speed immediately following the first bundle laser scanning, make fusion of metal powder, subsequently cooled and solidified;
(3) utilize wavelength greater than the 3rd laser beam of 10000nm with of the path multiple scanning of identical speed immediately following the second bundle laser scanning, to the heating of metal freezing zone, realize heat treatment.
(wavelength is greater than 10000nm, as CO by long wavelength laser for mode of the present invention
2Laser) fusing of preheating, short wavelength laser (wavelength is less than 1100nm, as YAG laser or optical-fiber laser), again by long wavelength laser annealing heat treatment, thereby in the forming process of metal parts, finish preheating, fusing and heat treatment process continuously.This three beams of laser compound scanning method had both reached preheating, fusing and thermal processes act, eliminated residual stress, reduced the crackle and the warping phenomenon of formation of parts greatly.This scan method is applicable to that multiple metal powder material is shaped, and as the complex parts of shaping iron-based, Ni-based, titanium base, tungsten Base Metal alloy, and can greatly reduce warpage and crackle in the forming process.
Particularly, this three beams of laser compound scanning method has the following advantages:
(1) the long wavelength laser bundle has bigger spot diameter, and metal dust is lower to the absorptivity of long wavelength laser, can carry out preheating or heat treatment to powder bed microcell, and not make fusion of metal powder; Short wavelength laser beam has less spot diameter, higher metal absorptivity, and high energy density can make the metal dust instant melting.
(2) first bundle long wavelength lasers carry out preheating to the metal dust that needs the melting range in advance, make the temperature field even, slowed down the acute variation in temperature field when directly powder being melted, thereby reduced thermograde, relax stress field, finally can reduce defectives such as warpage, cracking;
The high-energy-density of single beam laser scanning is provided to provide during (3) second bundle short wavelength laser deposite metal powder, so not only can reduces the short wavelength laser scan power, can also use high sweep speed, thereby improve scan efficiency;
(4) three beams long wavelength lasers can be realized heat treatment to the metal scan that solidifies, eliminate metal inside residual stress, improve institutional framework, help improving the performance of the metal parts that is shaped;
(5) this three beams of laser scan method has been saved curring time greatly than single sweep method, has substituted traditional preheating and heat treatment process, can improve part forming efficient.
(6) the inventive method can realize the preheating of metal powder bed regional area, fusing and heat treatment and not increase the operating temperature of equipment integral body, has avoided the infringement of whole preheating to machine.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the preheating of long wavelength laser elder generation, short wavelength laser fusing, long wavelength laser heat treatment schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment
This method adopts three beams of laser scanning, and the preheating of long wavelength laser bundle, short wavelength laser fusing, long wavelength laser combined with heat treatment are got up to carry out three beams of laser compound scanning form metal part.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and real process the present invention is described in further detail.
(1) vacuumize and then feed protective atmosphere earlier in the SLM forming cavity, the metal dust that needs are shaped is tiled in the forming board top, the about 0.02～0.1mm of shop powder thickness.Design the cad model of required formation of parts with 3D sculpting software, save as the STL form after handling by section software then, and generate the path of each slicing layer, STL data importing SLM equipment;
(2) use the first bundle laser (CO
2Laser), along the scanning pattern that configures the powder bed is scanned preheating with laser power and the sweep speed of optimizing;
(3) subsequently, use the second bundle laser (YAG or optical-fiber laser), scan fusing with the laser power of optimizing, the sweep speed identical with the first bundle laser along scanning pattern, the second bundle laser spot position is positioned at the first bundle rear, laser facula scanning direction also at a distance of certain distance;
(4) last, use three beams of laser (CO
2Laser), carry out the scanning calorimeter processing with laser power and the sweep speed optimized along scanning pattern, the three beams of laser facula position is positioned at the second bundle rear, laser facula scanning direction also at a distance of certain distance;
(5) behind one deck end of scan, the one deck down that continues to be shaped is until the whole part completion of processing.
Above-mentioned metal material comprises: metal powder material such as iron-based, Ni-based, copper base.This scan method can be controlled the time difference, the laser parameter of three beams of laser scanning, adjusts preheating and thermal effectiveness.To the purpose of metal dust preheating is to improve the temperature of metal dust before its fusing in advance, has avoided when short wavelength laser irradiation temperature to improve suddenly and has caused bigger thermograde, thereby significantly reduced crackle and warping phenomenon.Heat treated purpose is to improve tissue, reduces stress, improves the combination property of drip molding.
Said process as shown in Figure 1, at first, the first bundle long wavelength laser bundle 1 shines and forms long wavelength laser hot spot 4 on the metal powder bed 7, form laser facula 5, the three beams long wavelength laser bundles 3 on the second metal powder bed of restrainting after short wavelength laser beam 2 shines preheating 7 and shine formation laser facula 6 on the metal powder bed 7.Hot spot 4,5,6 is with identical distance, same speed, scan along equidirectional.Wherein hot spot 4 produces heat with the metal dust interaction powder bed is played pre-heat effect; Hot spot 5 interacts with metal dust and produces higher energy density, and metal dust is melted rapidly, solidifies rapidly subsequently; At last, 6 pairs of metals that solidify of hot spot are heat-treated.
Example 1:
Selecting particle diameter for use is that 20 microns, spherical 316L powder of stainless steel carry out SLM and are shaped, and by three beams of laser compound scanning, purpose is to prepare the metal parts of low stress, no warpage, uniform formation.Design parts pattern by CAD software, save as STL after being handled by section software and routing software, and be entered in the SLM equipment, carry out SLM and be shaped, the concrete scan mode of each layer is as follows:
Use CO
2Laser is as the first bundle laser, and setting laser power is that 50W, sweep speed are 200mm/s, along the scanning pattern that configures 316L stainless steel powder bed is scanned preheating;
Use optical-fiber laser as the second bundle laser, setting laser power is that 200W, sweep speed are 200mm/s, scans fusing along scanning pattern, and makes the second bundle laser spot position be positioned at the first bundle rear, laser facula scanning direction also at a distance of 0.1mm;
Use CO
2Laser is as three beams of laser, and setting laser power is that 50W, sweep speed are 200mm/s, carries out scanning calorimeter along scanning pattern and handles, and makes the three beams of laser facula position be positioned at the second bundle rear, laser facula scanning direction also at a distance of 0.1mm;
By processing successively, circulation repeatedly, high-quality 316L stainless steel parts finally is shaped.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiment; persons skilled in the art are according to embodiment and the disclosed content of accompanying drawing; can adopt other multiple specific embodiment to implement the present invention; therefore; every employing project organization of the present invention and thinking; do some simple designs that change or change, all fall into the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. fusion of metal powder of three beams of laser compound scanning quick forming method, its step comprises:
(1) utilize wavelength to scan metal dust along scanning pattern in advance, improve the metal dust temperature, and the control laser power makes preheat temperature be lower than the fusing point of metal dust greater than first laser beam of 10000nm;
(2) utilize wavelength less than second laser beam of 1100nm with of the path multiple scanning of identical speed immediately following the first bundle laser scanning, make fusion of metal powder and solidify;
(3) utilize wavelength to repeat scanning with identical speed immediately following the path of the second bundle laser scanning,, realize heat treatment the heating of metal freezing zone greater than the 3rd laser beam of 10000nm.
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