CN102095797B - Fruit ripeness ultrasonic non-destructive detection method and system based on comparison method - Google Patents
Fruit ripeness ultrasonic non-destructive detection method and system based on comparison method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a fruit ripeness ultrasonic non-destructive detection method and system based on a comparison method. The method comprises the following steps of: conducting training and learning on fruit, dividing grades for fruit ripeness through training and learning results, and establishing fruit ripeness models and optimum measurement frequency of target fruit; really measuring the target fruit, and acquiring two characteristic values of the target fruit, i.e. attenuation ratio and transmission speed; and comparing the target fruit with the fruit models obtained from training and learning to obtain ripeness degree. The system comprises a fruit detection module, an acoustic range measurement module, an information processing module and a control and display module, wherein the control and display module is connected with the information processing module and the acoustic range measurement module, the information processing module is connected with the fruit detection module, and meanwhile, the fruit detection module is connected with the acoustic range measurement module. The method and the system, which are provided by the invention, can realize non-destructive detection, do not require manual judgment and have the advantages of being simple to realize, easy to operate and wide in application range.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Ultrasonic NDT field, be specifically related to fruit and visit ripe method and system.
Background technology
People contain washy fruit buying watermelon, apple etc. in the daily life, often whether need judge its growth and maturity, and general adopt all be through see, listen, touch, method such as title judges by experience, not only waste time and energy, and poor effect.In the process of agricultural production; The fruit of also not winning is carried out the judgement of maturity; Also be a very important link, when be only winning the time through judging that then deducibility goes out, so that each links such as the classification accumulating after reasonably arranging to go on the market, sale.Because fruit is not taken off as yet, whether we can not test maturation through tasting such method, if through observing, then need experience accumulation for many years, have greatly hindered the development of China's fruit production cause.If can provide a kind of can be accurately, fast, be easy to carry and maneuverable fruit fruit maturity instrument; Not only provide convenience, the more important thing is cultivating fine seed strains in the fruit production link, plucking time for daily life; Process time; Results store, and the outlet transportation waits and has great significance, and can promote the development of China's fruit production cause effectively.
Existing fruit is visited ripe product on the market has a lot, but major part all is structure and pattern with reference to following two kinds of patents of invention:
China's utility application " melon and fruit fruit maturity instrument " (publication number: CN 2844912Y, open date: on Dec 6th, 2006), proposed a kind of electronic installation that is used to survey fruit maturity.This device utilizes fruit in the different principle of growth different times electric conductivity, inserts the target fruit internal to probe fruit is carried out the detection of degree of ripeness, and this device is made fairly simple, and volume is also less.
Chinese invention patent application " water melon maturemeter " (publication number: CN 101046407A; The open date: on October 03rd, 2007) proposed a kind of electronic installation that detects the watermelon degree of ripeness; Whether watermelon owing to the extraneous echo signal that produces that knocks is gathered and amplified analysis, is judged the watermelon maturation at last.
Be not difficult to find out that the fruit fruit maturity instrument of above-mentioned two kinds of main flows exists following shortcoming:
1. in visiting ripe process, may cause physical hazard to fruit, destroy the epidermis of fruit, the transportation after being unfavorable for detecting is deposited;
2. device inconvenient operation, and be not full-automatic detection, need manual work to judge;
3. only visit ripely to single fruit, applicability is strong inadequately;
4. can not roll into one portable and ease for use.
Ultrasound wave is meant vibration frequency greater than the sound wave more than the 20KHz, and it is a kind of mechanical vibration with can to listen ripple the same; It is a kind of mode of propagation of energy; Be characterized in that frequency is high, wavelength is short, can have good beam property and directivity along rectilinear propagation in certain distance.We can carry out Non-Destructive Testing to interior of articles through using hyperacoustic propagation characteristic.Ultrasound wave can produce certain decay in transmission course, the principle that takes place according to decay can be divided into three kinds of decay: diffusive attenuation, scatter attenuation and attenuation by absorption.Take all factors into consideration this three kinds of attenuation characteristics in the practical applications; Attenuation rate with ultrasound wave transmits in object is described attenuation degree; Its main and the range value size of transmitted wave and echo and distance dependent of ultrasonic transmission, following (formula 1) is the ultrasonic attenuation rate formula in the engineering application:
A=20log (h
2-h
1)/X (dB/mm) (formula 1)
A in the formula is an attenuation rate, h
2And h
1The range value of representing transmitted wave and echo respectively; 20log (h
2-h
1) decibel value (dB) of difference of expression penetrated wave and echo amplitude value; X is a sound path, i.e. the distance of ultrasonic transmission on the detection direction.
Fruit is in the different phase of growing, and its fruit has different physical characteristics, and when fruit was in mezzanine level, its pulp organization texture ratio was tightr, and moisture content is lockable in flesh cell simultaneously, and sugar part content is not high yet.As time goes on, fruit is ripe gradually, and the institutional framework of pulp will be separated out in the flesh cell and become free water and become lax along with moisture, and it is big that the gap between flesh cell becomes, and sugar part content also can increase simultaneously, causes the glutinousness grow.When in the strong medium of glutinousness, transmitting according to ultrasound wave, the characteristic that its attenuation by absorption is bigger, we can carry out analyzing and processing through the attenuation rate after the fruit to ultrasound wave, thereby draw the degree of ripeness information of fruit.Ultrasound wave transmission speed under the situation of different medium density can be distinguished to some extent, so ultrasound wave also can be as a parameter judging the fruit maturity in the transmission speed of fruit internal.
In sum, existing fruit is visited ripe method and more or less fruit is caused physical hazard, and ultrasonic its characteristic of can utilizing overcomes this shortcoming, so can consider with ultrasound wave fruit to be carried out its degree of ripeness of Non-Destructive Testing.
Summary of the invention
Visit the deficiency of ripe method to existing fruit, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method and system of the Ultrasonic NDT fruit maturity based on relative method.Utilize ultrasonic attenuation characteristic in fruit; Measure attenuation rate and the transmission speed of ultrasound wave in fruit; And become the point on the two-dimensional space with these two parameter maps, and through observing these distributions of selecting in two-dimensional space the maturity of fruit is carried out classification, make up Capability Maturity Model.Any fruit is carried out training study earlier obtain its Capability Maturity Model, and then compare with target fruit of the same type and to obtain surveying the maturity of fruit.The present invention realizes Non-Destructive Testing, need not artificial judgment, and has and realize simple, operation easily, advantage applied widely.The present invention is achieved through following technical scheme.
Method based on the Ultrasonic NDT fruit maturity of relative method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, fruit is carried out training study, the result through training study carries out grade classification to the degree of ripeness of fruit, and sets up the optimum measurement frequency of the Capability Maturity Model and the target fruit of fruit with this;
In the above-mentioned method; Step 1 specifically comprises: choosing a collection of degree of ripeness is that known fruit carries out training study as sample to it; Descending this batch fruit according to degree of ripeness, be divided into 5 groups, study in groups; According to the priority that maturity is arranged learning sequence, the group of learning earlier is considered to the highest group of degree of ripeness; After the eigenwert typing of accomplishing one group of sample, these sample points are carried out data processing, the center of gravity that draws this group sample spot after the calculating is as the initial clustering module, and said eigenwert comprises attenuation rate and the transmission speed of ultrasound wave in fruit; And then carry out the typing of next group data, until all sample points input system all, obtain 5 initial mean vectors altogether, corresponding respectively 5 ranks of degree of ripeness.Again carry out cluster apart from size through calculating between each sample point and 5 initial mean vectors; Calculate new center of gravity after reconfiguring again as congealing point; Constantly repeat above-mentioned set-up procedure; Till the position of twice congealing point in front and back overlaps basically, explain that 5 types of obtaining have been a kind of metastable results;
If 5 cohesion module distances through drawing after the cluster analysis are too near, can cause discrimination not high, the situation of erroneous judgement takes place easily, so need these 5 grades that form are tested; Between calculating in cohesion module i and the corresponding maturity levels farthest apart from M
i, i=1,2,3,4,5 is if the distance between adjacent two cohesion module i and the j is always greater than M
i+ M
j, j=1,2,3,4,5, j ≠ i then thinks to form the optimum measurement frequencies of the survey frequencies of these 5 cohesion modules for this type of fruit, is stored to measurement data in the middle of the database, if the distance of condensing in twos between the module has two or above less than M
i+ M
j, then improve 10KHz to survey frequency, carry out above-mentioned cluster step again, till receiving the optimum measurement frequency.
In the above-mentioned method, step 1 only need be carried out once to the training study of one type of fruit, obtain survey the fruit model after, data will be stored in the database.
In the above-mentioned method, it is ripe that step 1 adopts the ultrasound wave of this frequency band of 200～400KHz that fruit is visited, and select the survey frequency of optimum current fruit type automatically in the frequency range of 200-400KHz according to the result of training study.
In the above-mentioned method, step 2 specifically comprises:
The adjustment ultrasonic emitting receives the one basic matrix, receives basic matrix and coupled apparatus, makes ultrasonic emitting reception one basic matrix, reception basic matrix be close to the target fruit surface, makes ultrasonic incident wave major part inject fruit internal;
Emission receives the one basic matrix and launches ultrasonic pulse to fruit, receives basic matrix and promptly is activated after changes in amplitude surpasses threshold value detecting, and begin to receive waveform, receive penetrated wave and echo after, through the range value of sampling acquisition waveform; Ultrasound wave is at the transmission time of fruit internal t
1With aerial transmission time t
2Obtain through following method: design a timing unit, after the launching base paroxysm goes out ultrasonic pulse, pick up counting, when detection receives penetrated wave, then stop, the time that obtains is ultrasound wave at the transmission time of fruit internal t
1, and the aerial transmission time t of ultrasound wave
2Also be to obtain according to identical principle of work; Adopt the method for measuring the emission basic matrix and receiving the distance between the basic matrix to obtain the sound path l of ultrasound wave at fruit internal; Emission basic matrix and the distance that receives between the basic matrix are overlapped ultrasonic distance measuring apparatus according to the aerial transmission speed v of ultrasound wave through other one
2With transmission time t
2After multiplying each other, both can obtain the sound path l of ultrasound wave at fruit internal; By ultrasonic attenuation characteristic formula, calculate the attenuation rate a of target fruit again; Sound path and transmission time can get the transmission speed v of ultrasound wave at fruit internal after being divided by
1, the transmission speed v that obtains
1Be the average velocity of ultrasound wave when fruit internal transmits.
In the above-mentioned method, step 3 comprises:
Set up a coordinate system, the x axle is an attenuation rate, and the y axle is a transmission speed; Be mapped to a point in the two-dimensional space to the attenuation rate that obtains target fruit in the step 2 and these two eigenwerts of transmission speed again, be called unique point; 5 congealing points of the relevant maturity that obtains according to step 2; The distance of difference calculated characteristics point and 5 congealing points; Comparative feature point is minimum with the distance of which congealing point, is included into target fruit and congealing point that group apart from minimum, accomplishes the degree of ripeness of fruit and judges.
A kind of system of the Ultrasonic NDT fruit maturity based on relative method comprises fruit detecting module, acoustic range measurement module, message processing module, control and display module; Control is connected with message processing module, acoustic range measurement module with display module, and message processing module is connected with the fruit detecting module, and the fruit detecting module is connected with the acoustic range measurement module simultaneously.
In the system of above-mentioned Ultrasonic NDT fruit maturity based on relative method, said fruit detecting module comprises that the emission of frequency regulator, control and timer, frequency adjustable receives the one basic matrix, receives basic matrix, coupled apparatus, reception information process unit; Frequency regulator receives the one basic matrix with the adjustable emission of rate and is connected; The emission of control and timer, frequency adjustable receives the one basic matrix, the reception basic matrix is connected with the reception information process unit respectively, and emission receives the one basic matrix, receives basic matrix all is adjacent to target fruit through coupled apparatus surface; Control also receives the one basic matrix with emission respectively with timer and is connected with the reception basic matrix.Described coupled apparatus is mainly used in and guarantees that ultrasound wave not by the fruit surface bounce-back, incides the target fruit internal most ofly.
In the system of above-mentioned Ultrasonic NDT fruit maturity based on relative method; Said acoustic range measurement module is used for measuring the sound path of ultrasound wave at target fruit, comprises transmitter, temperature recognition unit, control and timing unit, receiver, the sound path information process unit of frequency adjustable; The sound path information process unit is connected with said reception information process unit, and temperature recognition unit, control and timing unit are connected with the sound path information process unit respectively, and control also is connected with receiver with transmitter respectively with timing unit;
In the system of above-mentioned Ultrasonic NDT fruit maturity based on relative method, said message processing module comprises information process unit, the degree of ripeness judging unit that interconnects; Said control and display module comprise a fruit selector switch, device switch and display screen, and wherein the fruit selector switch is connected with message processing module, fruit detecting module, acoustic range measurement module with the device switch; Said fruit selector switch is selected different ultrasonic frequency and different databases according to different fruit; Described device switch has three gears, is respectively training study pattern, normal mode, closes.
The system of above-mentioned Ultrasonic NDT fruit maturity based on relative method; Comprise that also being used to adjust emission receives the one basic matrix and receive the pedestal that basic matrix can be point-blank; Described pedestal is a rectangle; Its length and width can be regulated to adapt to the size of target fruit for being with the iron of expansion link in four limits, and it mainly acts on is to guarantee that emission reception one basic matrix can be point-blank with the reception basic matrix.
Can know that by above-mentioned technical scheme and action principle visit ripe method than existing fruit, the present invention has the following advantages:
1. can be used for measuring the maturity of multiple fruit such as apple, pears, watermelon, adapt to different types of fruit,, promptly can it visit ripe after only needing before spy is ripe, to carry out training study for the fruit that does not have in the database through regulating the emission wave frequency.
2. carry out training study through the method for cluster, obtain the priori of relevant fruit, the degree of ripeness grade of relevant fruit is divided, set up the Capability Maturity Model of fruit.Through the distance between the unique point of model and target fruit is compared, obtain the judged result of fruit maturity, compare with existing method, can significantly improve and visit ripe accuracy.
3. visit in the ripe process and can not cause physical damnification fruit.Visit only need when ripe the emission basic matrix with receive basic matrix and closely be attached to the surface of fruit through coupling mechanism, guarantee it perpendicular to fruit surface, need not be deep into fruit internal with pointer, more need not cut fruit surface.
4. device constitutes simple.Can be through regulating expansion link adapting to the fruit of different size, volume is little, in light weight, be easy to carry.
5. simple to operate.Only need selected fruit type, place target fruit between ultrasound emission basic matrix and the reception basic matrix, assurance receives and promptly can begin detection after basic matrix is in a straight line with the emission basic matrix, and system provides testing result automatically, imports without manual intervention.
6. widely applicable.Be applicable to fruit tree scientific research department, the fruit tree farm, fruit company, units such as universities and colleges use.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is based on the one-piece construction synoptic diagram of the device of the Non-Destructive Testing fruit maturity of relative method in the embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the cut-away view of fruit detecting module and sound path measurement module in the embodiment;
Fig. 3 is based on the workflow diagram of the Ultrasonic NDT fruit maturity system of relative method in the embodiment;
Fig. 4 is the workflow diagram of acoustic range measurement module and fruit detecting module in the embodiment;
Fig. 5 is the workflow diagram of training study in the embodiment;
Fig. 6 is the workflow diagram of message processing module in the embodiment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail, but enforcement of the present invention and protection domain are not limited to this.
As shown in Figure 1, the system of this embodiment mainly is made up of with display module 4 and pedestal 5 fruit detecting module 1, acoustic range measurement module 2, message processing module 3, control.
Fig. 2 is the inner structure module map of fruit detecting module and sound path measurement module, and the fruit detecting module comprises: the emission of frequency regulator 11, control and timer 12, frequency adjustable receives one basic matrix 13, receives basic matrix 14, receives information process unit 15, coupled apparatus.The acoustic range measurement module comprises: temperature recognition unit 21, control and timing unit 22, transmitter 23, receiver 24, sound path message unit 25, linked switch 26.
Frequency regulator in the fruit detecting module receives the one basic matrix with emission and links to each other, the transmission frequency of control ultrasonic beam, control with timer simultaneously also with the acoustic range measurement module in linked switch be connected.Receiving basic matrix is connected with the control timer; Receive basic matrix band amplitude detection function;, the amplitude that detects just is activated when becoming preset threshold by 0; Begin to receive echo and penetrated wave then, close automatically after reception finishes, deliver to the reception information process unit to the waveform that receives and carry out analyzing and processing to save electric weight.Control and timer are to receiving the transmission time of information process unit output ultrasonic wave at the target fruit internal.Receive attenuation rate and transmission time that information process unit draws target fruit at last.
It is to be used for measuring the sound path of ultrasound wave at target fruit that the sound path detecting module mainly acts on.Because hyperacoustic directivity is better, and pulp is uniform dielectric, ultrasound wave at fruit internal along rectilinear propagation.When transmitted wave during, can think that emission receives the distance between one basic matrix and the reception basic matrix, is the sound path of ultrasound wave at fruit internal perpendicular to fruit surface incident.Known because of the aerial transmission speed of ultrasound wave, only need through measuring the aerial transmission time of ultrasound wave, can obtain launching reception one basic matrix and receive the distance between the basic matrix.Use the variation of temperature sensor monitors ambient temperature simultaneously,, in time revise the error on the transmission speed of bringing owing to temperature in air, improve range accuracy based on the sound velocity curve that ultrasonic wave is propagated.
Control in the sound path detecting module is connected with transmitter, receiver with timer, temperature recognition unit and control and timer to receive that information process unit is connected and to receiving information process unit aerial transmission speed of ultrasound wave and aerial transmission time of ultrasound wave under ambient air temperature information, the Current Temperatures are provided.
Message processing module comprises: information process unit 31 and degree of ripeness judging unit 32.Information process unit will be delivered to the degree of ripeness judgement that the degree of ripeness judging unit carries out fruit after the analytical calculation of accomplishing attenuation rate and transmission speed.
Control comprises with display module: fruit selector switch, device switch 43, display screen.
Fruit selector switch: be connected with the frequency selector in the fruit detecting module and the degree of ripeness judging unit of message processing module.Because of the difference of fruit causes the difference of its internal structure, for guaranteeing that ultrasonic wave can have good penetration performance in target fruit, should choose different frequencies to different fruit, select corresponding database based on selected fruit simultaneously.
Temperature recognition unit: constitute by temperature sensor.The aerial transmission speed of ultrasound wave is different under the different ambient temperatures, and the size of fruit is less, because of the different distance errors that cause of transmission speed can not be ignored, admittedly need adjust in real time the aerial numerical values recited of the velocity of sound according to outside air temperature.
Information process unit: attenuation rate and two data of the transmission speed of ultrasound wave in fruit are handled, for next step judgement more ready.
Degree of ripeness judging unit:, carry out degree of ripeness and judge according to the result who compares between target fruit and the fruit model.
Described pedestal is a rectangle, is with the iron of expansion link, can regulate its length and width to adapt to the size of target fruit, and it mainly acts on is to guarantee that emission receives the one basic matrix and the reception basic matrix can be point-blank.
Fig. 3 is based on the workflow of the Ultrasonic NDT fruit maturity system of relative method, may further comprise the steps:
Pedestal on step 1. regulating device; Making target fruit be in emission receives between one basic matrix and the reception basic matrix; Emission simultaneously receives the one basic matrix and receives basic matrix and be adjacent to the surface of target fruit through coupled apparatus, guarantees that the ultrasonic beam major part incides the target fruit internal.
Choose one group of degree of ripeness and be known fruit as sample, open switch and handle assembly and transfer to the training study pattern, fruit is divided into 5 groups according to maturity roughly from high to low; Arrange training study successively according to maturity, divide into groups to carry out the measurement and the typing of attenuation rate and transmission speed, calculate the center of gravity of this group sample spot after the logging data; Obtain initial mean vectors; Carry out the measurement of next group again, obtain 5 initial mean vectors at last, 5 maturity levels that difference is corresponding.The discrimination of 5 grades of inspection, calculate in cohesion module and this group between the solstics apart from M
i(i=1,2,3,4,5) are if the distance between the congealing point is less than M
i+ M
j(j=1,2,3,4,5, j ≠ i), then improve 10KMHz to frequency and carry out above-mentioned process again, until the optimum measurement frequency that obtains this type of fruit.Far and near according to the distance between each sample spot and the congealing point then; Adjustment between organizing; Congealing point is once then recomputated in every adjustment, the set-up procedure above repeating, and twice congealing point position overlaps basically until front and back; We think that then the group of 5 relevant maturity at this moment being divided into is metastable results; Be stored in the fruit model that obtains in the database, be next step relatively ready (if deposited the ripe model information that relevant fruit is arranged in the database, then this step can be ignored).
When carrying out the detection of fresh fruit and vegetables; Frequency of ultrasonic has extremely important influence to penetration performance; It is ripe that the present invention adopts the ultrasound wave of this frequency band of 200～400KHz that fruit is visited, and select the survey frequency of optimum current fruit type automatically in the frequency range of 200-400KHz according to the result of training study.
Like Fig. 5; Choosing a collection of degree of ripeness is that known fruit carries out training study as sample to it, this batch fruit according to degree of ripeness descending (need not exact classification, only need to differentiate roughly); Be divided into 5 groups; Study in groups, according to the priority that maturity is arranged learning sequence, the group of learning earlier is considered to the highest group of degree of ripeness.After eigenwert (attenuation rate and the transmission speed of ultrasound wave in the fruit) typing of accomplishing one group of sample; These sample points are carried out data processing; The center of gravity that draws this group sample spot after the calculating is as the initial clustering module, and then carries out the typing of next group data, until all sample points input system all; Obtain 5 initial mean vectors altogether, 5 ranks of degree of ripeness that difference is corresponding.Again carry out cluster apart from size through calculating between each sample point and 5 initial mean vectors; Calculate new center of gravity after reconfiguring again as congealing point; Constantly repeat above-mentioned set-up procedure; Till the position of twice congealing point in front and back overlaps basically, explain that 5 types of obtaining have been a kind of metastable results.
If 5 cohesion module distances through drawing after the cluster analysis are too near, can cause discrimination not high, the situation of erroneous judgement takes place easily, so need these 5 grades that form are tested.Between calculating in cohesion module i and the corresponding maturity levels farthest apart from M
i(i=1,2,3,4,5) are if the distance between adjacent two cohesion module i and the j is always greater than M
i+ M
j(j=1,2,3,4,5, j ≠ i) then thinks to form the optimum measurement frequencies of the survey frequencies of these 5 cohesion modules for this type of fruit, is stored to measurement data in the middle of the database, if the distance of condensing in twos between the module has two or above less than M
i+ M
j, then improve 10KHz to survey frequency, carry out above-mentioned cluster step again, till receiving the optimum measurement frequency.
So far the training study process of fruit finish (training study to one type of fruit only need carry out once, obtain survey the fruit model after, data will be stored in the database).
The step 2. actual measurement stage: attenuation rate and two eigenwerts of transmission speed to target fruit are surveyed, and are relatively preparing of next step.
Handle assembly is transferred to normal mode, and linked switch sends the work indication to fruit detecting module and sound path measurement module, and after emission received the one basic matrix and sends wave beam with transmitter, control and timer picked up counting.Emission receives the one basic matrix and after sending ultrasonic beam, receives the echo from the target fruit internal; When receiving changes in amplitude that basic matrix detects waveform and surpassing threshold values; Promptly being activated by dormant state is duty; Begin to receive penetrated wave, sent the signal that stops timing to control and timer simultaneously, obtain ultrasound wave at the transmission time of fruit internal t from the target fruit internal
1After the reception basic matrix receives penetrated wave and echo; Emission receives the one basic matrix and delivers to the reception information process unit in the fruit detecting module to these two waveforms with the reception basic matrix; Respectively these two waveforms are carried out analyzing and processing, through waveform being carried out obtain after the sampling analysis amplitude information h of waveform
1And h
2Control is exported t with timer to receiving information process unit
1
Acoustic range measurement module and fruit measurement module are started working simultaneously; The temperature recognizer to external world temperature pick up and output temperature to the sound path message unit; Control is launched ultrasonic beam with timer indication transmitter and is picked up counting, and waits for the timing signal that stops from receiver, obtains temporal information t
2After export the sound path message unit to, the transmission speed v under the Current Temperatures that the sound path message unit obtains according to the resulting temperature value of temperature recognizer
2, v
2With t
2Multiply each other, obtained the sound path information l of ultrasound wave in fruit, to receiving information process unit output.
Receive information process unit and receive attenuation rate a and the transmission speed v of ultrasound wave in target fruit through calculating target fruit
1Submit a, v to message processing module
1Value.
Information process unit is received a, v
1Value the time; Deliver to the degree of ripeness judging unit after they are handled; Compare with the Capability Maturity Model of the fruit of having deposited in the database; Calculate the distance of 5 congealing points of the fruit model of storing in unique point and the database of target fruit respectively, according to and congealing point between the distance of distance, judge the maturity levels of this fruit.Set up a coordinate system, the x axle is an attenuation rate, and the y axle is a transmission speed.Be mapped to a point in the two-dimensional space to the attenuation rate that obtains target fruit in the step 3 and these two eigenwerts of transmission speed again, be called unique point.5 congealing points of the relevant maturity that obtains according to step 2; The distance of difference calculated characteristics point and 5 congealing points; Comparative feature point is minimum with the distance of which congealing point, is included into target fruit and congealing point that group apart from minimum, accomplishes the degree of ripeness of fruit and judges.
Step 4. is output stage as a result: output to the result in the message processing module on the display screen and wait for the detection of next fruit.
Above-mentioned instance is a preferred implementation of the present invention; But embodiment of the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; Other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under spirit of the present invention and the principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; All should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within the protection domain of being invented.
Claims (4)
1. based on the method for the Ultrasonic NDT fruit maturity of relative method, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, fruit is carried out training study, the result through training study carries out grade classification to the degree of ripeness of fruit, and sets up the optimum measurement frequency of the Capability Maturity Model and the target fruit of fruit with this; Specifically comprise: choosing a collection of degree of ripeness is that known fruit carries out training study as sample to it; Descending this batch fruit according to degree of ripeness; Be divided into 5 groups; Study in groups, according to the priority that maturity is arranged learning sequence, the group of learning earlier is considered to the highest group of degree of ripeness; After the eigenwert typing of accomplishing one group of sample, these sample points are carried out data processing, the center of gravity that draws this group sample spot after the calculating is as the initial clustering module, and said eigenwert comprises attenuation rate and the transmission speed of ultrasound wave in fruit; And then carry out the typing of next group data, until all sample points input system all, obtain 5 initial mean vectors altogether, corresponding respectively 5 ranks of degree of ripeness; Again carry out cluster apart from size through calculating between each sample point and 5 initial mean vectors; Calculate new center of gravity after reconfiguring again as congealing point; Constantly repeat above-mentioned set-up procedure; Till the position of twice congealing point in front and back overlaps basically, explain that 5 types of obtaining have been a kind of metastable results; If 5 congealing point distances through drawing after the cluster analysis are too near, can cause discrimination not high, the situation of erroneous judgement takes place easily, so need these 5 grades that form are tested; Calculate in congealing point i and the corresponding maturity levels farthest between the sample point apart from M
i, i=1,2,3,4,5 is if the distance between adjacent two congealing point i and the j is always greater than M
i+ M
j, j=1,2,3,4,5, j ≠ i then thinks to form the optimum measurement frequency of the survey frequency of these 5 congealing points for this type of fruit, is stored to measurement data in the middle of the database, if the distance in twos between the congealing point has two or above less than M
i+ M
j, then improve 10KHz to survey frequency, carry out above-mentioned cluster step again, till receiving the optimum measurement frequency;
Step 2, target fruit is surveyed, gather two eigenwerts of its attenuation rate and transmission speed; Specifically comprise:
The adjustment ultrasonic emitting receives the one basic matrix, receives basic matrix and coupled apparatus, makes ultrasonic emitting reception one basic matrix, reception basic matrix be close to the target fruit surface, makes ultrasonic incident wave major part inject fruit internal;
Ultrasonic emitting receives the one basic matrix and launches ultrasonic pulse to fruit, receives basic matrix and promptly is activated after changes in amplitude surpasses threshold value detecting, and begin to receive waveform, receive penetrated wave and echo after, through the range value of sampling acquisition waveform; Ultrasound wave is at the transmission time of fruit internal t
1With aerial transmission time t
2Obtain through following method: design a timing unit, after ultrasonic emitting reception one basic matrix sends ultrasonic pulse, pick up counting, when detection receives penetrated wave, then stop, the time that obtains is ultrasound wave at the transmission time of fruit internal t
1, and the aerial transmission time t of ultrasound wave
2Also be to obtain according to identical principle of work; Adopt the method for measuring ultrasonic emitting reception one basic matrix and receiving the distance between the basic matrix to obtain the sound path l of ultrasound wave at fruit internal; The distance that ultrasonic emitting receives between one basic matrix and the reception basic matrix is overlapped ultrasonic distance measuring apparatus according to the aerial transmission speed v of ultrasound wave through other one
2With transmission time t
2After multiplying each other, both can obtain the sound path l of ultrasound wave at fruit internal; By ultrasonic attenuation characteristic formula, calculate the attenuation rate a of target fruit again; Sound path and transmission time can get the transmission speed v of ultrasound wave at fruit internal after being divided by
1, the transmission speed v that obtains
1Be the average velocity of ultrasound wave when fruit internal transmits;
Step 3, compare target fruit and the resulting fruit model of training study, draw maturity, comprising:
Set up a coordinate system, the x axle is an attenuation rate, and the y axle is a transmission speed; Be mapped to a point in the two-dimensional space to the attenuation rate that obtains target fruit in the step 2 and these two eigenwerts of transmission speed again, be called unique point; 5 congealing points of the relevant maturity that obtains according to step 2; The distance of difference calculated characteristics point and 5 congealing points; Comparative feature point is minimum with the distance of which congealing point, is included into target fruit and congealing point that group apart from minimum, accomplishes the degree of ripeness of fruit and judges.
2. the method for the Ultrasonic NDT fruit maturity based on relative method according to claim 1 is characterized in that step 1 only need carry out once to the training study of one type of fruit, obtain survey the fruit model after, data will be stored in the database.
3. the method for the Ultrasonic NDT fruit maturity based on relative method according to claim 1; It is ripe to it is characterized in that step 1 adopts the ultrasound wave of this frequency band of 200～400KHz that fruit is visited, and selects the survey frequency of optimum current fruit type automatically in the frequency range of 200-400KHz according to the result of training study.
4. the system based on the Ultrasonic NDT fruit maturity of relative method is characterized in that comprising fruit detecting module, acoustic range measurement module, message processing module, control and display module; Control is connected with message processing module, acoustic range measurement module with display module, and message processing module is connected with the fruit detecting module, and the fruit detecting module is connected with the acoustic range measurement module simultaneously; Said fruit detecting module comprises that the emission of frequency regulator, control and timer, frequency adjustable receives the one basic matrix, receives basic matrix, coupled apparatus, reception information process unit; Frequency regulator receives the one basic matrix with the emission of frequency adjustable and is connected; The emission of control and timer, frequency adjustable receives the one basic matrix, the reception basic matrix is connected with the reception information process unit respectively, and emission receives the one basic matrix, receives basic matrix all is adjacent to target fruit through coupled apparatus surface; Control also receives the one basic matrix with emission respectively with timer and is connected with the reception basic matrix; Said acoustic range measurement module is used for measuring the sound path of ultrasound wave at target fruit, comprises transmitter, temperature recognition unit, control and timing unit, receiver, the sound path information process unit of frequency adjustable; The sound path information process unit is connected with said reception information process unit, and temperature recognition unit, control and timing unit are connected with the sound path information process unit respectively, and control also is connected with receiver with transmitter respectively with timing unit; Said message processing module comprises information process unit, the degree of ripeness judging unit that interconnects; Said control and display module comprise a fruit selector switch, device switch and display screen, and wherein the fruit selector switch is connected with message processing module, fruit detecting module, acoustic range measurement module with the device switch; Said fruit selector switch is selected different ultrasonic frequency and different databases according to different fruit; Described device switch has three gears, is respectively training study pattern, normal mode, closes.
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