CN104034861B - Soil weight method for real-time measurement and measurement mechanism thereof - Google Patents
Soil weight method for real-time measurement and measurement mechanism thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/359—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of soil weight method for real-time measurement and comprise the steps: the soil under on-line measurement undisturbed soil condition; Gather the voltage signal of volumetric soil water content by frequency domain bounce technique, and determine the value of volumetric soil water content by rating test method; The original spectrum data that gather soil quality moisture content by visible ray-near-infrared reflection method, by the regression model of original spectrum data substitution systemic presupposition after pretreatment, calculate soil quality moisture content; Converse the soil weight by volumetric soil water content and soil quality moisture content. The present invention also provides a kind of soil weight measurement mechanism, comprising: cone bar, coaxial cable, optical fiber, volumetric soil water content probe, soil quality moisture content probe, volumetric soil water content detection module, soil quality moisture content detection module and panel computer. The present invention, without soil is sampled, can obtain the soil weight under the field soil particular cross-section degree of depth easily and fast, in real time, exactly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural land soil physical property fields of measurement, be specifically related to a kind of side of the real-time measurement soil weightMethod and device.
Background technology
The soil weight, that is soil dry bulk density, the soil that is defined as a constant volume (comprises soil particle and intergranular poreGap) ratio of weight and co-content water weight after drying. The size of the soil weight reflected soil texture, gas permeability,The height of water permeability and water holding capacity is an important parameter describing soil physical properties. Therefore, accurateMeasure the soil weight significant to agricultural production and scientific research activity.
Measuring the most frequently used method of the soil weight is core cutter method. Its concrete method of operating is: by the ring of a constant volumeCutter is pounded the soil under nature, and soil sample is full of wherein, then takes out soil sample and dry to weigh unit of accountDry ground weight in volume, is unit weight. Core cutter method takes time and effort, operating process complexity, and people are passed at thisIn system method, improve.
Patent CN2585233 discloses a kind of Water-filled soil volume-weight determining device, and it is made up of graduated cylinder and water pocket, surveysWhen amount, first dig out certain volume soil, then put into water pocket and to its water-filling, read water-filling volume by graduated cylinder,Calculate the soil weight in conjunction with the soil dry quality of experimental determination afterwards. Patent CN102721628 discloses a kind of surveyDetermine the method for the soil weight, the soil sample collecting is put into valve bag by it, and sealing after deflating, then measuresSealing bag volume can obtain soil sample volume, finally need to obtain soil dry quality by drying soil sample equally, and thenCalculate to obtain the soil weight. Obviously, these two kinds of methods all just improve to some extent on mensuration soil volume, to a certain degreeOn overcome the shortcoming that core cutter method is difficult to the sampling to friable soil, but still need sample back laboratory oven dry and weigh,Can not realize the real-time measurement of the soil weight.
Patent CN103558120 discloses a kind of method and soil weight of measuring the soil weight and has measured system, its stepSuddenly comprise and measure volumetric soil water content, weighing soil weight in wet base, mensuration soil volume, and then calculate soil dry bulk density.The method need to adopt respectively the devices such as soil moisture sensor, weighing-appliance and airtight container (band barometer)Obtain above-mentioned three parameters, operating procedure complexity, is not easy to the field Fast Measurement soil weight.
Patent CN103592202 discloses a kind of volume displaced method and apparatus of measuring the soil weight and moisture content,Gas hole in the water displacement soil of certain volume for its mode by water filling, and then according to water and soil particleDensity, the Mass Calculation of incipient wetness pedotheque obtain the soil weight and soil quality moisture content. Though the methodSo without soil sample is carried out to drying and processing, but operating process and relevant apparatus are still aobvious complicated.
Above patent has been made improvement at different aspect to traditional soil weight measuring method, but all inevitableSoil is sampled, so both can damage undisturbed soil, make again measuring process waste time and energy unavoidably.Therefore, study a kind of soil weight measuring method efficient, automation very necessary.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides one and can avoid gathering soil sample, and realize the method for the original position Quick Measurement to the soil weight.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of soil weight method for real-time measurement, comprises the steps:
Step 1, the soil under on-line measurement undisturbed soil condition.
Step 2, gathers the voltage signal of volumetric soil water content by frequency domain bounce technique, and passes through rating test sideMethod is determined the value of volumetric soil water content.
Described frequency domain bounce technique is specially: using high-frequency signal as pumping signal, according to hindering in electromagnetic transmission theoryThe principle of anti-coupling, the high frequency voltage peak value at measurement impedance matching circuit two ends, by after this voltage peak differential amplificationChange into normal voltage output;
Step 3, by the original spectrum data of visible ray-near-infrared reflection method collection soil quality moisture content, by formerIn the regression model of beginning spectroscopic data substitution systemic presupposition after pretreatment, calculate soil quality moisture content.
Described visible ray-near-infrared reflection method is specially: the beam Propagation of light source to soil quality moisture content is popped one's head in, itsMiddle a part of light beam is absorbed by soil, and another part beam reflection is returned by visible ray-near infrared spectrometer collection defeatedGo out original spectrum data.
Soil quality moisture content regression model need to be set up under laboratory condition: obtain soil by oven drying method on the one handThe real quality water content of sample; Gather soil quality moisture content by above-mentioned visible ray-near-infrared reflection method on the other handOriginal spectrum data, and original spectrum data are after normalization and the pretreatment of Savitzky-Golay smothing filteringTo the characteristic spectrum data of soil quality moisture content, in conjunction with real quality water content and characteristic spectrum data, by manyUnit's regression analysis is set up soil quality moisture content regression model.
Step 4, converses the soil weight by volumetric soil water content and soil quality moisture content, this soil weightComputing formula isIn formula: ρbFor the soil weight, unit is g/cm3; θ is volumetric soil water content,Unit is cm3/cm3; ω is soil quality moisture content, and unit is g/g.
The present invention also provides a kind of measurement mechanism of realizing soil weight method for real-time measurement in technique scheme, bagDraw together:
The cone bar of hollow;
Be arranged at coaxial cable and the optical fiber of described cone bar inside;
Be arranged at volumetric soil water content probe and the soil quality moisture content probe of described cone bar lower end;
Be arranged at volumetric soil water content detection module and the soil quality moisture content detection module of described cone bar upper end;
Described volumetric soil water content probe is connected to volumetric soil water content detection module by coaxial cable, described inSoil quality moisture content probe is connected to soil quality moisture content detection module by optical fiber;
Be arranged at the panel computer of described soil quality moisture content detection module top, for gathering described soil volumeThe signal of moisture content detection module and soil quality moisture content detection module output, and calculate respectively soil volume and containWater rate and soil quality moisture content, further calculate the soil weight, and various parameters are shown on screen.
Further, described volumetric soil water content probe, comprises conehead, becket and dead ring, wherein coneheadBe connected to cone bar lower end, dead ring is nested on cone bar, and becket is nested on dead ring.
Further, described volumetric soil water content detection module comprises the high-frequency signal source, the impedance that connect successivelyDistribution road, detecting circuit and microprocessor, wherein microprocessor is connected with detecting circuit by differential amplifier circuit,And be connected with the signal input part of panel computer by communication interface.
Further, described soil quality moisture content detection module, comprises light source and visible ray-near infrared spectrometer;Described optical fiber comprises luminous source optical fiber and detection fiber, and wherein luminous source optical fiber is used for connecting light source and soil quality moisture contentProbe, detection fiber is used for connecting soil quality moisture content probe and visible ray-near infrared spectrometer.
Preferably, this measurement mechanism also comprise be arranged at described soil quality moisture content detection module below one side forDetermine the ultrasonic distance sensor fathoming; Be arranged at described soil quality moisture content detection module below anotherSide is for the GPS module in location survey place; And be arranged at described soil quality moisture content detection module both sidesHandle, double-grip while measurement for operator, to be pressed into conehead in soil.
From above technical scheme, the present invention adopts frequency domain bounce technique and visible ray-near-infrared reflection method respectively to soilEarth volumetric water content and soil quality moisture content carry out signals collecting, and are input to and in panel computer, carry out computingDraw the soil weight, this measuring method and device be without soil is sampled, can be easily and fast, in real time,Obtain exactly the soil weight under the field soil particular cross-section degree of depth. In addition, owing to no longer needing to take soil sample,Therefore measuring process can not destroyed the original state of agricultural land soil, and measuring system can also automatically record Measuring Time,Many-sided information such as place, depth profiled, is convenient to agricultural land soil unit weight time space distribution to analyze and research.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of soil weight real-time measurement apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the electrical principle block diagram of soil weight real-time measurement apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of soil weight method for real-time measurement of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of soil quality measurement of water ratio method in the present invention.
In figure: 1, cone bar, 2, coaxial cable, 3, optical fiber, 31, luminous source optical fiber, 32, detection fiber, 4,Volumetric soil water content probe, 41, conehead, 42, becket, 43, dead ring, 5, soil quality moisture content visitsHead, 6, volumetric soil water content detection module, 61, high-frequency signal source, 62, impedance matching circuit, 63, detectionCircuit, 64, differential amplifier circuit, 65, microprocessor, 7, soil quality moisture content detection module, 71, light source,72, visible ray-near infrared spectrometer, 8, panel computer, 9, ultrasonic distance sensor, 10, GPS module,11, handle.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
Fig. 1 shows the structural representation of a kind of soil weight real-time measurement apparatus of the present invention, and this measurement mechanism comprisesThe cone bar 1 of a hollow, its length H1The maximum depth profiled that can measure is as required determined, in cone bar, establishesHave the coaxial cable 2 and the optical fiber 3 that are respectively used to transmission of electric signals and optical signal, wherein optical fiber comprises luminous source optical fiber 31With detection fiber 32. Cone bar 1 lower end is connected with volumetric soil water content probe 4, this volumetric soil water content probeBe made up of conehead 41, becket 42 and dead ring 43, wherein conehead is threaded in cone bar lower end, dead ring positionIn conehead top and be nested on cone bar, becket is directly nested on dead ring, and the cone angle of conehead is with reference to U.S.State ASABE standard, gets 30 degree, and conehead and becket are made by stainless steel material, and both form soil volume and containTwo electrodes of water rate probe, dead ring is made up of PVC material, for isolating conehead and becket and becketWith cone bar. Cone bar 1 lower end is also provided with soil quality moisture content probe 5, and it is embedded in dead ring 43, and appearanceFace is concordant with cone bar surface.
Described measurement mechanism also comprises volumetric soil water content detection module 6 and soil quality moisture content detection module 7,Be installed in box body and be arranged on cone bar 1 upper end. Described volumetric soil water content probe 4 is by being arranged on cone barIn coaxial cable 2 be connected to volumetric soil water content detection module 6, described soil quality moisture content probe 5 is logicalCross the optical fiber 3 being arranged in cone bar and be connected to soil quality moisture content detection module 7.
Described soil quality moisture content detection module 7 lower end one sides are provided with ultrasonic distance sensor 9, and it is by ultrasonicWave launcher and receiver two parts composition, by the definite ultrasonic wave of time difference between transmitting and reception ultrasonic waveVertical range H between range sensor and soil to be measured2, can extrapolate the depth H of conehead 41 in soil0＝H2-H1, wherein H1 is the level altitude of ultrasonic distance sensor 9 to conehead 41 tops. Described soil quality containsWater rate detection module 7 below opposite sides are provided with GPS module 10, can, for location survey place, select the U.S.The GPS18X module of GARMIN company, its built-in reception electric wire, and self-carried USB interface, can be by the warp of measurement pointThe information outputs such as degree, dimension and Measuring Time. Soil quality moisture content detection module 7 upper ends are provided with panel computer8, it can move windows desktop operating system, be mainly used in gathering described volumetric soil water content detection module 6,The signal that soil quality moisture content detection module 7, ultrasonic distance sensor 9 and GPS module 10 are exported, and pointDo not calculate volumetric soil water content and soil quality moisture content, further calculate the soil weight, and by each seed ginsengNumber shows on screen. The both sides of soil quality moisture content detection module 7 outside box bodys are run through and are provided with handle11, play the effect of cone of support bar 1, the top of cone bar is connected with handle 11 midpoint by screw thread.
As shown in Figure 2, volumetric soil water content detection module 6 comprises the high-frequency signal source 61, the impedance that connect successivelyMatch circuit 62, detecting circuit 63 and microprocessor 65, wherein microprocessor is by differential amplifier circuit 64 and inspectionWave circuit connects. Volumetric soil water content probe 4 is connected to resistance by the coaxial cable 2 that is arranged at cone bar 1 insideOn anti-match circuit 62, wherein conehead 41 is connected with the screen layer of coaxial cable, becket 42 and coaxial cableCore is connected, and connected mode is solderless and connects, and conehead 41 and becket 42 form two electrodes of probe, thisEmbodiment medium is aqueous soil, utilizes high-frequency signal source 61 to produce high-frequency signal, transmits by coaxial cable 2In volumetric soil water content probe 4, the impedance that utilizes soil and volumetric soil water content probe under high-frequency electric field withThe impedance mismatch of coaxial cable 2 produces the voltage signal of decay, the voltage amplitude of its evanescent voltage signal and moistureThe dielectric constant of soil is relevant, and soil dielectric constant can reflect soil moisture content. Described high-frequency signal source 61 selectsWith the sinusoidal wave active crystal oscillator of 100MHz; Impedance matching circuit 62 is equivalent to the transmission line of 1/4 wavelength, can transmit and declineThe voltage signal subtracting; Detecting circuit 63 detects the crest voltage at impedance matching circuit 62 two ends, and is put by differenceLarge circuit 64 is converted to the output of 0-2.5V normal voltage. Microprocessor 65 can adopt MSP430F149, and it is logicalCross 12 AD that carry and gather differential amplifier circuit 64 output voltage signals, and this voltage signal is connect by communicationMouth sends to and in panel computer 8, carries out subsequent treatment calculating.
Described soil quality moisture content detection module 7 comprises light source 71 and visible ray-near infrared spectrometer 72, light source71 output to light beam on soil quality moisture content probe 5 by the luminous source optical fiber 31 that is arranged at cone bar inside, itsMiddle a part of light beam is absorbed and disappears by soil, and a part of light beam is reflected back, and the latter is via detection fiber 32,Can be detected by visible ray-near infrared spectrometer 72. Luminous source optical fiber 31 and detection fiber 32 can adopt FC optical fiber to connectHead connects. Light source can adopt Halogen lamp LED, and visible ray-near infrared spectrometer can adopt U.S. ASD companyFieldSpec4Standard-Res spectrometer, it surveys wave-length coverage is 350-2500nm. Visible ray-closely redThe spectroscopic data that external spectrum instrument obtains will be sent in panel computer 8 and be processed by communication interface.
The present invention also provides a kind of soil weight method for real-time measurement, and as shown in Figure 3, this measuring method comprises as followsStep:
Step 1, the soil under on-line measurement undisturbed soil condition. In this step, first need to open measuring system, twoHold handle, conehead is pressed in soil, note the data that fathom that show on panel computer simultaneously, wait to boreHead stops pressing down while arriving the degree of depth to be measured, makes to bore bar and keeps stable, vertical state.
Step 2, gathers the voltage signal of volumetric soil water content by frequency domain bounce technique, and passes through rating test sideMethod is determined the value of volumetric soil water content.
The measuring principle of volumetric soil water content is frequency domain bounce technique, and sensor probe induction surrounding soil volume is moistureThe variation of rate, and cause electrode ports impedance to change, and electrode ports impedance ZpWith match circuit impedance Z0BetweenMismatch degree will be reflected in Z0On voltage difference △ U between two ends,
Wherein A is signal source voltage amplitude.
Detecting circuit detects the crest voltage at impedance matching circuit two ends, and two-way rectified signal is by differential amplifier circuitAfter processing, be converted to the output of 0-2.5V normal voltage, and be sent to panel computer by the communication interface of microprocessor,Relation between this voltage signal and volumetric soil water content can be determined and be shown that soil volume contains by rating testThe actual value of water rate. Calibration process concrete operations are: first get soil sample to be measured, be mixed with different volumes moisture content waterFlat soil sample, and pack in plastic cylinder, then sensor is inserted in soil sample successively, record sensor defeatedGo out, and can obtain calibration curve after actual volume moisture content data fitting.
Step 3, by the original spectrum data of visible ray-near-infrared reflection method collection soil quality moisture content, by formerIn the regression model of beginning spectroscopic data substitution systemic presupposition after pretreatment, calculate soil quality moisture content.
What soil quality measurement of water ratio module was obtained is spectroscopic data, and it also need just can be converted to by regression modelSoil quality moisture content. With reference to Fig. 4, first need under laboratory condition, set up soil quality moisture content prediction mouldType, one side obtains the real quality water content of soil sample by oven drying method, on the other hand, adopt soil in the present inventionQuality moisture content probe is measured soil sample, obtains original spectrum data by visible ray-near infrared spectrometer, soAfterwards spectroscopic data is normalized and the pretreatment such as Savitzky-Golay smothing filtering, and then obtains soil qualityThe characteristic spectrum data of moisture content. Wherein the computing formula of normalized is:
Wherein X (i, k) is initial data, X'(i, k) be normalization data. Savitzky-Golay smoothing filterProposed in 1964 by SavitzkyA and GolayM at first, be a kind of in time domain based on multinomial, pass throughMoving window utilizes least square method to carry out the method for best fit. On this basis in conjunction with real quality water content andThe data of characteristic spectrum data two aspects, by the multiple regression analysis such as PLS or artificial neural networkMethod is set up soil quality moisture content regression model. In the time of actual measurement, the original spectrum data of acquisition will be through sameAfter the preprocessing process of sample, be updated in the regression model of systemic presupposition, just can calculate in real time soil quality moistureRate.
Step 4, has calculated volumetric soil water content and soil quality moisture content by said method, holds by soilRe-computation formulaConverse the soil weight, and all measurement parameters are preserved.
In formula: ρbFor the soil weight, unit is g/cm3; θ is volumetric soil water content, and unit is cm3/cm3；ωFor soil quality moisture content, unit is g/g.
The above embodiment is only that the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described, not to of the present inventionScope limits, and designs under the prerequisite of spirit not departing from the present invention, and those of ordinary skill in the art are to the present inventionTechnical scheme various distortion and the improvement made, all should fall into the definite protection domain of claims of the present inventionIn.
Claims (5)
1. a soil weight real-time measurement apparatus, is characterized in that, comprising:
The cone bar (1) of hollow;
Be arranged at coaxial cable (2) and the optical fiber (3) of described cone bar inside;
Be arranged at volumetric soil water content probe (4) and the soil quality moisture content probe (5) of described cone bar lower end;
Be arranged at volumetric soil water content detection module (6) and the soil quality moisture content detection module (7) of described cone bar upper end;
Described volumetric soil water content probe (4) is connected to volumetric soil water content detection module (6) by coaxial cable (2), and described soil quality moisture content probe (5) is connected to soil quality moisture content detection module (7) by optical fiber (3);
Be arranged at described soil quality moisture content detection module top for collection signal and calculate the panel computer (8) of the soil weight.
2. soil weight real-time measurement apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described volumetric soil water content probe (4), comprise conehead (41), becket (42) and dead ring (43), wherein conehead is connected to cone bar lower end, dead ring is nested on cone bar, and becket is nested on dead ring.
3. soil weight real-time measurement apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described volumetric soil water content detection module (6) comprises the high-frequency signal source (61), impedance matching circuit (62), detecting circuit (63) and the microprocessor (65) that connect successively, wherein microprocessor (65) is connected with detecting circuit (63) by differential amplifier circuit (64), and is connected with the signal input part of panel computer (8) by communication interface.
4. soil weight real-time measurement apparatus according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described soil quality moisture content detection module (7) comprises light source (71) and visible ray-near infrared spectrometer (72); Described optical fiber (3) comprises luminous source optical fiber (31) and detection fiber (32), wherein luminous source optical fiber (31) is for connecting light source (71) and soil quality moisture content probe (5), and detection fiber (32) is for connecting soil quality moisture content probe (5) and visible ray-near infrared spectrometer (72).
5. soil weight real-time measurement apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, this measurement mechanism also comprises that being arranged at described soil quality moisture content detection module (7) below one side is used for determining the ultrasonic distance sensor (9) fathoming; Be arranged at the GPS module (10) of described soil quality moisture content detection module (7) below opposite side for location survey place; And be arranged at the handle (11) of described soil quality moisture content detection module (7) both sides.
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| CN108871996B (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2023-11-10 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Method for measuring soil mass water content and soil volume weight on site |
| CN109342260A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-02-15 | 浙江大学 | A kind of soil moisture detection system and its detection method |
| CN111537567B (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2023-09-08 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | Tubular needle type soil moisture content detection method |
| US11674944B2 (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2023-06-13 | Smart Rain Systems, LLC | In-ground wireless soil moisture sensor |
| CN114279973B (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2024-03-19 | 南京大学 | In-situ monitoring method for soil moisture content of transient variable-temperature fiber bragg grating based on artificial neural network |
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| US6840091B1 (en) * | 2002-07-05 | 2005-01-11 | University Of South Florida | Geophysical method for quantification of dense non-aqueous phase liquids in the subsurface |
| JP4926498B2 (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2012-05-09 | 鹿島建設株式会社 | Method for measuring bulk density of soil materials |
| CN101769868A (en) * | 2008-12-29 | 2010-07-07 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Soil moisture reflection spectrum characteristic analysis method |
| CN102721628A (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2012-10-10 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Method for measuring soil bulk density |
| CN102879298A (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2013-01-16 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Method for measuring rice field profile soil bulk densities rapidly, simply and conveniently |
| CN103604717B (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2016-08-24 | 中国农业大学 | Measure volume displacement method and the equipment of soil quality moisture content |
| CN103592202B (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2016-02-24 | 中国农业大学 | Measure volume displacement method and the equipment of the soil weight and water percentage |
| CN103558120B (en) * | 2013-11-11 | 2016-03-30 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Measure method and the soil volume weight determination system of the soil weight |
| CN103592338B (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2016-07-20 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of pipe pin type soil moisture content detection method based on frequency domain bounce technique and device |
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