CN101484662B - Recovery of hydrocarbons using horizontal wells - Google Patents

Recovery of hydrocarbons using horizontal wells Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101484662B
CN101484662B CN200780023198.3A CN200780023198A CN101484662B CN 101484662 B CN101484662 B CN 101484662B CN 200780023198 A CN200780023198 A CN 200780023198A CN 101484662 B CN101484662 B CN 101484662B
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well
basic
wells
depth
horizontal
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN200780023198.3A
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CN101484662A (en
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P·M·迪尔莱特
P·R·佩里
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Chevron USA Inc
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Chevron USA Inc
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/30Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells
    • E21B43/305Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well

Abstract

A method of drilling a wellbore useful for the recovery of hydrocarbons from a subsurface reservoir, penetrated by one or more wellbores previously injected with steam, comprises drilling a wellbore having a substantially horizontal productive portion lying within the subsurface reservoir.

Description

Use the horizontal well recovery of hydrocarbons
The cross reference of related application
According to U.S.C35-119, the application requires the priority of the U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.60/801016 of proposition on May 16th, 2006, and the full content of this U.S. Provisional Patent Application is incorporated herein by reference at this.
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method, the particularly method of heavy crude producing from the oil reservoir that has carried out the steam fracturing operation of the hydrocarbon in the recovery of subterranean stratum.
Background technology
Unconventional heavy crude reservoir, for example Miocene Diatom soil (Opal A), can exploit by " steam pressure break ".The steam pressure break occurs by the periodic cycle process, and its feature comprises that injection pressure is about 1000psi, and temperature is ± 500-550 °F.Common U.S. Patent No. 5,085,276 and the No.5 that transfers the possession of, 305,829 disclose the periodicity steam injection process that is applicable to diatomite formations.This processing generally includes:
Steam injection: inject and carry out 2-3 days (approximately 1000-1500 bucket steam/sky or BSPD), until reach the steam (for example 3000-5000 bucket steam) of aim parameter.Steam is approximately injecting under 1000psi, and this pressure is generally used for surpassing the fracture gradient of subsurface rock, the oil reservoir of pressure break hypotonicity (5 millidarcies or mD), and form the secondary fracture permeability.
Handle up the stage: after steam injection, closing well also " was handled up " about 2 days in well.High temperature provides necessary reduced viscosity for the oil of 13 ° of API, and allows oil more easily to flow.In addition, usually said " imbibition " process has occured, wherein the steam of condensation is preferentially absorbed by (hydrophilic) kieselguhr rock, and oil by displacement in crack and pit shaft.
Produce: carry out " handling up " afterwards at well, about 20 days or more days of well production.Production causes pressure decreased, and this impels hot water " flash distillation " is steam, for fluid column provides lift energy.Therefore, as long as follow-up to the well steam injection, well just flows automatically and does not need artificial lift.Usually, the artesian well outlet structure is used for carrying out the periodicity steam injection at viscous crude field.After a bite well shuts down, prepare this well is carried out next time steam injection work.
Summary of the invention
In one embodiment, provide a kind of for the drilling well eye method from the subsurface deposit recovery of hydrocarbons, described method comprises the well that gets out the production part with basic horizontal, and the production of this basic horizontal partly is arranged in subsurface deposit.This subsurface deposit by flatly or many mouthfuls formerly the well of steam injection penetrate.
In one embodiment, provide a kind of for the drilling well eye method from the subsurface deposit recovery of hydrocarbons, the method comprises the well that gets out the production part with basic horizontal, and the production of this basic horizontal partly is arranged in subsurface deposit; Get out a bite or many mouthfuls of basic vertical wells; According to the degree of depth of the production part of the basic horizontal of described well, described a bite or many mouthfuls of basic vertical wells are carried out perforation.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing illustrates typical embodiment, and should not be considered to the restriction to scope.
Fig. 1 has shown the cross section of the first horizontal well in the example.The above interval of the top perforations of the cross-section Vertical Well of the pay interval of the first horizontal well (slotted liner) in example.Be considered to heated due to Vertical Well steam injection (before scrapping) and the height pressure break at the interval more than the top perforations of Vertical Well.
Fig. 2 has shown the cross section of oil saturation model, has described the lateral part of the first horizontal well in the example.This view in North facing-northwest, steep dip place, stratum to, and show in schematic diagram that gravity drainage is a pith of the first horizontal well production mechanism in example.
The specific embodiment
Although heavy crude reservoir can be by known " steam pressure break " technique exploitation, but have been found that, as what show by the data of using ground inclinometer acquisition, during some vapor recycle, in overlying rock (being the oil reservoir top), the escape steam migration can occur.The escape steam migration is considered to be caused by shallow-layer casing damage or " district outer " pressure break, and causes in overlying rock pressure higher than normal pressure.Higher than the pressure of normal pressure be considered to cause that the earth's surface is extruded, drilling problem, well workover difficulty and surface uplift.In this article, " extrude on the earth's surface " refers to a large amount of high steams and oil breakthrough earth's surface and causes recordable overflowing.It is recordable that to overflow not only from the viewpoint of HES (health-environment-safety) loss very large, and if steam injection therefore reduced, also can cause a large amount of losses of output/income.Particularly, the earth's surface is extruded and can be caused the well of infringement (or supposition infringement) to be scrapped.
The earth's surface is extruded the drilling well that can cause in the zone that extrude on the earth's surface new replacement well or infill well/steam injection and is delayed, and can cause by traditional periodicity steam injection mode, the place of extruding, earth's surface being remained the operation extension of well on every side, in order to avoid extrude on the disturbance earth's surface.Be surprisingly found out that, when not having active steam to inject when changing artificial lift (insert pump) into, expanding in the earth's surface and is very continuing exploitation oil reservoir, the productivity ratio production of such residue well to surpass the expectation near the place of extruding, earth's surface in order to help to reduce.
Therefore, do not adopt direct cyclic injection steam, the high-oil offtake of the well of the artificial lift after steam injection (insert pump) has caused about utilizing horizontal well whether can make the double exploration of performance of rod-type pump sump.Having been found that horizontal well can cross-sectionly be scrapped periodicity steam injection created fractures and the not steam injection of Vertical Well still can produce oil.Do not wish by any theory constraint, it is believed that the artificially lifted well's production mechanism in oil reservoir has triple.The first, at the steep dip layer region, the gravity earial drainage may help out, and therefore oil can be migrated with single-mode.The second, the open-fractures of setting up (steam-induced with natural) plays Main Function aspect migration pathway is provided for the oil in hypotonicity matrix rock.Three, from formerly periodically steam injection and delayed heat that should the peripheral steam injection in zone all play an important role in the heating of oil and reduced viscosity.
The zone that extrude on close earth's surface is characterised in that and not only has the steam-induced crack but also have existing intrinsic fracture.By detailed FMI/EMI (electromagnetic interference) research, can extrude the high frequency that records intrinsic fracture near the earth's surface.Do not wish to be bound by any theory, it is believed that intrinsic fracture and steam-induced crack may form can and can become " pressurization " and further heated network with the steam supply, and this allows to come produce oil and be not necessarily need to carry out the active injection to production wellbores by artificial lift mechanism.Although do not know how far steam and pressure can be propagated by existing crack in the oil field region of extruding near the earth's surface, insert pump shows that for the reaction of strong steam injection the disclosed method of the application is the feasible mechanism for the production that continues to regenerate.
In this article, term " basically vertical " refers to become with vertical curve about 30 ° or orientation still less, and term " substantial horizontal " refers to become with horizon about 30 ° or orientation still less.
From strict ground lower angle, there are several basic norms to follow during the track of design level well.These criterions are used to the lateral part of well to create " the most suitable " route.Exemplary criterion comprises:
1) track should be in about 50 feet scopes of targeted abandoned wells.
2) track should be not more than in the top perforations height of abandoned well about 160 feet (TVDSS) and locates through abandoned well.
3) track should be at the TVDSS At The Height that is not less than the abandoned well bottom perforations through abandoned well.
4) target of the so-called fracture network of abandoned well is decided to be the accumulation injection greater than the steam of 150,000 barrels (CWE).
As disclosed herein, the combination of gravity drainage of the mobiloil by utilizing steam-induced crack and intrinsic fracture and heat, the rod-type pump sump of level is feasible selection for the periodicity steam injection in the ripe zone of heat.Exemplary application comprises:
1) when Vertical Well before injected the accumulation greater than 50, horizontal (production) of the steam of 000 barrel (cold water equivalent or CWE) and horizontal well is when partly (when when these Vertical Well) is substantially between the top perforations degree of depth of skew Vertical Well and the bottom perforations degree of depth (the vertical degree of depth in total seabed or TVDSS), the Vertical Well that horizontal well drilling is scrapped to replenish existing Vertical Well or replacement.In one embodiment, depth bounds is with interior or in the distance of about 50 feet TVDSS (degree of depth) below the bottom perforations of Vertical Well from the distance of the about 200 feet TVDSS of the top perforations of Vertical Well (highly).
2) according to the parameter of the above-mentioned degree of depth for skew Vertical Well perforation, at hot kieselguhr oil field drilling horizontal well, so that the production of horizontal well partly be positioned at before injected distance greater than about 100 feet of the existing well of 50,000 barrels of steam (CWE) or abandoned well from all in.In one embodiment, the production of horizontal well part can be defined as 90 ° or any completion mode of wide-angle (perforation or slotted liner) more, and is used for the inflow of oil and water.
3) according to the parameter of the perforating depth of above-mentioned production part about horizontal well, at the regional horizontal well drilling of hot kieselguhr, carry out subsequently creeping into and completion of Vertical Well.
In fact, horizontal well disclosed herein uses " pressure break/heat utilization " method to produce at viscous crude field, for example hot kieselguhr environment.
Example
Following illustrative example is not to attempt restriction.
The earth's surface is extruded and is caused the earth's surface to extrude the creeping into of new replacement well in 500 feet of radiuses on every side or infill well/steam injection delaying.In a large number (namely 22) abandoned well and restricted steam injection strategy cause the earth's surface extrude the zone output lose in a large number (about 1000 barrels/day or BPD).
Although several mouthfuls of wells alive around extrude on the earth's surface are scrapped, also have several mouthfuls of residue wells.These several mouthfuls of residue wells do not operate by traditional periodicity steam injection mode, in order to avoid extrude on the disturbance earth's surface.Therefore, a bite well is converted to artificial lift (insert pump), exploits to increase Antelope, helps to reduce the ground surface expansion, and continues very exploiting oil reservoir near the place of extruding, earth's surface.Surprisingly, do not have active steam to inject, the productive rate production (general hundreds of BPDs) of well to surpass the expectation is until casing damage forces the conversion well to be scrapped.Soon, other producing wells of four-hole also have been mounted insert pump after being converted to insert pump.The response of the conversion well that this four-hole is additional is also positive.
When design the first horizontal well, exemplary well design criterion disclosed herein is absorbed in the track and the abandoned well that guarantee well and is enough approached, with pressure break and the heating (referring to Fig. 1) that utilizes steam-induced.Especially, the interval of the cross-section Vertical Well top perforations of the production of the first horizontal well part or pay interval (slotted liner) top.Due to Vertical Well steam injection (before scrapping), the cross-section interval above top perforations is considered to be heated and the height pressure break.
The four-hole abandoned well in the past that the track of the first horizontal well is extruded take the earth's surface in the zone is target.Creep into and the completion of the first horizontal well used the more time in a week.Well operation initial production (IP) surpasses 1000 barrels of oil/skies (BOPD).The first horizontal well yield continue to surpass ten times of the average products of well in this oil field.
Before boring the first horizontal well, the production mechanism of supposing is: horizontal well can utilize by cross-section steam-induced crack and intrinsic fracture the historical steam injection year number of this area, and benefits from the gravity drainage (butt raises 12 ° to the height change of toe-end) in oil reservoir and well.The performance of the first horizontal well has confirmed to suppose and has shown from the most contribution in lateral part.
Except the first horizontal well, determine and utilized the chance of two mouthfuls of additional water horizontal wells in the oil field.These two mouthfuls of additional water horizontal wells are designed and are drilled to parallel with the first horizontal well, and the target of the second and the 3rd additional water horizontal well track is respectively that six mouthfuls and five mouthfuls of abandoned wells in the past in the zone are extruded on the earth's surface.
Fig. 2 is the cross section that passes the oil saturation model that the oil field of extruding on the earth's surface occurs, and has shown the steep dip place on stratum.Do not wish to be bound by any theory, believe stratum steep dip and intrinsic fracture and the such possibility of steam-induced crack permission in the oil field that occurs to extrude on the earth's surface, namely gravity drainage is the important component part of the production mechanism of some horizontal wells in the oil field.Be drilled with the part of three mouthfuls of water horizontal wells in the oil field, layer inclines and can surpass 45 °, and the mobiloil of heat can be let out under the steep dip layer.If gravity drainage mechanism occurs, the lateral part of these three mouthfuls of water horizontal wells is positioned at the vantage point of the mobiloil of catching heat so.
Nearly wellbore volume is in the past calculated and is shown, in the first horizontal well track, quite most oil is discharged in the scope of 25 feet of abandoned wells.Yet same research also obtains similar conclusion for above-mentioned vertical insert pump producing well.The practical manifestation of the first horizontal well (as described below) and insert pump production show that for the response of compensation steam injection produce oil can be from the contribution of (from bottom hole location) beyond 25 feet, this explanation fracture network is present in the ripe zone that extrude on the earth's surface, and fracture network may allow steam and oil migration.
Many modifications of exemplary embodiment disclosed herein are all that those skilled in the art easily expect.Now disclosedly just attempt for illustrative purposes, and should not be counted as limited significance.Therefore, now disclosed being counted as comprises all structures and the method that falls in the claims scope.Term in claim " comprises " and is intended to expression " comprising at least ", so enumerating of the key element in claim is opener or open group.Similarly, term " comprises ", " having " and " comprising " all be intended to represent opener or the open group of key element.Unless get rid of clearly, " one " and other singular references are intended to comprise its plural form.

Claims (19)

1. method that is used for from the subsurface deposit recovery of hydrocarbons, described method comprises:
Described subsurface deposit is penetrated by the basic vertically well of a bite or many mouthfuls of former steam injections;
The basic vertically well of former steam injection is changed into the artificial lift of insert pump, inject and do not carry out active steam;
Get out the well of the production part that comprises basic horizontal, the production of this basic horizontal partly is arranged in described subsurface deposit.
2. method according to claim 1 also comprises from the well of the described production part that comprises basic horizontal and produces hydrocarbon.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein, due to the steam that injected in the past, described subsurface deposit has reached the critical heat strength maturity factor.
4. method according to claim 1, wherein, described subsurface deposit by flatly or many mouthfuls of accumulations in the past basic vertically wells of injecting at least 50,000 barrel of steam penetrate.
5. method according to claim 1, wherein, described subsurface deposit by flatly or many mouthfuls of accumulations in the past basic vertically wells of injecting at least 150,000 barrel of steam penetrate.
6. method according to claim 1, comprise also that production with the basic horizontal of the well of the described production part that comprises basic horizontal partly is positioned flatly or the lateral extent of about 100 feet of many mouthfuls of described basic vertically wells in.
7. method according to claim 1 comprises that also production with the basic horizontal of the well of the described production part that comprises basic horizontal partly is positioned by flatly or many mouthfuls of described basic vertically top perforations of wells and the depth that the bottommost perforation limits.
8. method according to claim 1, also comprise production with the basic horizontal of the well of the described production part that comprises basic horizontal partly be positioned by flatly or the about 200 feet vertical degree of depth in total seabed in top perforation top of many mouthfuls of described basic vertically wells as the degree of depth upper limit with flatly or in the depth bounds that limits as degree of depth lower limit of the about 50 feet vertical degree of depth in total seabed in bottommost perforation below of many mouthfuls of described basic vertically wells.
9. method according to claim 1, also comprise production with the basic horizontal of the well of the described production part that comprises basic horizontal partly be positioned by flatly or the about 160 feet vertical degree of depth in total seabed in top perforation top of many mouthfuls of described basic vertically wells as the degree of depth upper limit and be not less than flatly or depth bounds that the degree of depth of the many mouthfuls of described basic vertically bottommost perforations of wells limits as degree of depth lower limit in.
10. method according to claim 1, wherein, described subsurface deposit is heavy crude reservoir.
11. method according to claim 10, wherein, described subsurface deposit is the kieselguhr oil reservoir.
12. method according to claim 1 also comprises the Trajectory Design of the production part of the basic horizontal of the well of the described production part that comprises basic horizontal is become in described a bite or many mouthfuls injected the lateral extent of about 100 feet of basic vertically well of steam in the past.
13. method according to claim 1 also comprises the Trajectory Design of the production part of the basic horizontal of the well of the described production part that comprises basic horizontal is become in described a bite or many mouthfuls injected the lateral extent of about 50 feet of basic vertically well of steam in the past.
14. a well that gets out comprises:
Be arranged in the substantially horizontal production part of subsurface deposit, described substantially horizontal partly cross-section a bite or many mouthfuls of basic vertically steam-induced cracks of wells in the zone that extrude on the earth's surface of producing, described basic vertically well penetrates subsurface deposit, and described substantially horizontal production part is positioned at:
By flatly or the about 200 feet vertical degree of depth in total seabed in top perforation top of many mouthfuls of described substantially vertical wells as the degree of depth upper limit with flatly or in the depth bounds that limits as degree of depth lower limit of the about 50 feet vertical degree of depth in total seabed in bottommost perforation below of many mouthfuls of described substantially vertical wells; With
Annotated in the past in the lateral extent of about 100 feet of described a bite of steam or many mouthfuls of basic vertically wells.
15. a method that is used for from the subsurface deposit recovery of hydrocarbons, described method comprises:
Bore flatly or many mouthfuls of vertical wells basically;
Described vertical well is basically changed into the artificial lift of insert pump, inject and do not carry out active steam;
Get out the well of the production part that comprises basic horizontal, the production of described basic horizontal partly is arranged in described subsurface deposit;
According to the degree of depth of the production part of the basic horizontal of the well of the described production part that comprises basic horizontal, described a bite or many mouthfuls of basic vertical wells are carried out perforation.
16. method according to claim 15 also comprises from the well of the described production part that comprises basic horizontal and produces hydrocarbon.
17. method according to claim 15, wherein, make the top perforation of described a bite or many mouthfuls of basic vertical wells be not less than the about 200 feet vertical degree of depth in total seabed in substantially horizontal productions part below of the well of the described production part that comprises basic horizontal, and the bottommost perforation that makes described a bite or many mouthfuls of basic vertical wells is not higher than about 50 feet vertical degree of depth in total seabed above substantially horizontal productions partly of the well of the described production part that comprises basic horizontal.
18. method according to claim 15, wherein, described subsurface deposit is penetrated by the basic vertical wells of a bite or at least 50,000 barrel of steam of many mouthfuls of accumulation injections in the past.
19. method according to claim 15 also comprises the substantially horizontal Trajectory Design of producing part of the well of the described production part that comprises basic horizontal is become flatly or in the lateral extent of about 100 feet of the many mouthfuls of basic vertically wells of annotating in the past steam.
CN200780023198.3A 2006-05-16 2007-05-16 Recovery of hydrocarbons using horizontal wells Expired - Fee Related CN101484662B (en)

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US20090301704A1 (en) 2009-12-10
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WO2007137061A2 (en) 2007-11-29
BRPI0711475A2 (en) 2012-08-14
EA200870537A1 (en) 2009-04-28
CA2652159A1 (en) 2007-11-29

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