CN101122224B - Gravity-assisted steam flooding exploitation method for heavy layer common heavy oil reservoir - Google Patents
Gravity-assisted steam flooding exploitation method for heavy layer common heavy oil reservoir Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention is a steam assisted gravity flooding exploitation method to exploit a thick normal viscous oil reservoir. In a thick normal viscous oil reservoir, manners of vertical well gas injection, and horizontal well production, or horizontal well gas injection and horizontal well production are adopted. For an oil reservoir block, which is developed in a vertical-well way, if the well-layout manner combining a vertical well and a horizontal well is used, a horizontal production well can be drilled along the lower section of a known oil layer of the reservoir block to make a gas injection vertical well be above a horizontal well. The production well and the gas injection well huff and puff simultaneously for 2 to 4 periods, the gas injection well and the production well form a thermal communication, or the oil layer pressure is reduced to 3-4MPa, and the gas injection well is transferred for gas injection and the production well for production and exploitation; or the gas injection well and the production well have formed a thermal communication, and the injection well is transferred for gas injection and the production well for production and exploitation, after the newly-drilled production well huff and puff for one period and the pollution near the well is cleared away. The invention can bring the sweeping effect of the displacing fluid in both the vertical and the horizontal directions into play, promote the spreading scope of the driving fluid, and increase the crude oil recovery rate of the thick normal viscous oil reservoir.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil exploitation technology, is a kind of gravity-assisted steam flooding exploitation method of exploiting heavy laver common heavy oil reservoir.
Background technology
Steam soak is the main mining type of heavy crude reservoir, and along with the production technique progress, the scope of exploitation and means are brought in constant renewal in.At present, adopt the method for the gravity drainage (SAGD-Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage) of steam viscosity reduction under auxiliary for the exploitation of super-heavy oil deposit, this method is at the sand asphalt geological conditions, and the characteristics of crude oil are that (viscosity is greater than 50, and 000mpa.s) (density is greater than 0.98g/cm greatly for density for the viscosity height in the sand asphalt
3, approaching with the density of water, being difficult under the prime stratum temperature flows maybe can not flow.The purpose of steam in jection mainly is the heating oil reservoir, reduces viscosity of crude, and original super viscous crude that maybe can not flow that is difficult to flow can be flowed.But, owing to be super viscous crude, can not form effective plane and flow, mainly rely on action of gravity.Its mechanism is under the hot conditions, because the density of the super viscous crude after the density＜process high temperature distillation of the water under the density＜high temperature of steam, under action of gravity, steam upwards flows, super viscous crude after high-temperature-hot-water that condenses and the high temperature distillation flows downward, form vertical shunting, the gravity of super viscous crude is the main drive of SAGD mining type.Therefore, SAGD is at the production technique of the oil density under the high temperature greater than the super viscous crude of water.
Common heavy oil also claims by " heavy oil ", under the reservoir temperature degassed crude viscosity greater than 100mPa.s and less than 10, the crude oil of 000mPa.s, the crude oil of relative density greater than 0.92, less than 0.95.At present, China's viscous crude annual production surpasses more than 1,300 ten thousand tons, and main force's oil reservoir that its medium bed heavy crude reservoir is a viscous crude is as promotion oil field, the Liaohe River, Xiao Wa oil field S
3 2Oil reservoir, triumph oil field, Dan Jia temple etc., oil in place is above 300,000,000 tons.This reservoir oil layer thickness is big, generally at 30-100 rice, adopts the recovery ratio of steam soak to have only about 20%, and common oil reservoir injection steam exploitation effect is bad, does not also have cost-effective substituted technique at present.
Although it is reported that SAGD is a kind of good mining type to super viscous crude, but as employing SAGD method, because producing well and notes vapour well are mostly on same vertical plane, SAGD is employed effect on vertical between a pair of up and down horizontal well better, but in the plane, between the injection-production well tangible distance should not be arranged.Simultaneously in order to reduce the viscosity of super viscous crude significantly, the shaft bottom steam quality must be greater than 70%, its lifting rate will be complementary with the natural draining speed of vaporium, the whole extraction of the liquid that the condensation earial drainage is got off, do not make too much steam by extraction again, production-injection ratio is 1.0, because the steam that injects produces heat waste at the injection well shaft, the shaft bottom steam quality requires big more, and the degree of depth of injecting well is difficult to above 1000 meters.For " heavy oil " exploitation, the drilling well investment is relative higher with notes vapour cost, and production efficiency is lower.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of notes vapour cost low, the gravity-assisted steam flooding of the heavy laver common heavy oil reservoir that production efficiency is high (GASD) exploitation method.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of gravity-assisted steam flooding exploitation method of exploiting heavy laver common heavy oil reservoir in heavy laver common heavy oil reservoir, takes straight well to annotate the mode that vapour, horizontal well production or horizontal well are annotated vapour, horizontal well production, adopts following steps:
1) determines that known oil reservoir block geologic parameter and common heavy oil fluid behaviour satisfy the gravity-assisted steam flooding mining conditions of common heavy oil reservoir;
2), adopt straight well and horizontal well to make up hole pattern to the oil reservoir block of the exploitation of straight well; To oil reservoir block newly developed is straight well and horizontal well combination or horizontal well and horizontal well combination hole pattern;
3) boring horizontal production well along known oil reservoir block oil reservoir bottom, making and annotate the oblique upper of vapour straight well at horizontal well;
4) to oil reservoir block newly developed, producing well and notes vapour well are handled up simultaneously, and 2-4 cycle or notes vapour well and producing well form thermal communication or formation pressure drops to 3-4MPa, transfer the production of notes vapour well notes vapour producing well to and exploit;
To the oil reservoir block of the exploitation of straight well, annotate the vapour well and formed thermal communication with producing well, new horizontal production well of boring handle up 1 cycle, remove the pollution of near wellbore zone after, metaideophone vapour well is annotated the production of vapour producing well and is exploited.
The present invention also adopts following technical scheme:
Described step 1) determines that known oil reservoir block geologic parameter is, core intersection is greater than 15m continuously, and degree of porosity is greater than 20%, and permeability is greater than 500md, and the ratio of vertical permeability and horizontal permeability is greater than 0.2;
Described step 1) determines that known oil reservoir block common heavy oil fluid behaviour is, under the reservoir temperature degassed crude viscosity greater than 100mPa.s and less than 10,000mPa.s, the crude oil of relative density greater than 0.92, less than 0.95.When oil reservoir Gao Konggao oozes, can also expand to the special viscous crude between common heavy oil and super viscous crude, under its reservoir temperature degassed crude viscosity greater than 10,000mPa.s and less than 50,000mPa.s, the crude oil of relative density greater than 0.95, less than 0.98.
Described step 3) is annotated the vapour straight well and is positioned at the vertical apart from 10m-20m of horizontal production well, horizontal range 50m-70m place;
Described step 3) is annotated the vapour straight well for being new boring or existing straight well;
Described step 3) is annotated the vapour straight well for being new horizontal well drilling;
Described step 4) is annotated vapour well notes vapour producing well production exploitation: annotate vapour well continuous steam injection, horizontal production well is produced continuously, and annotating vapour speed is 1.5-1.8t/ha.m.d, and the shaft bottom steam quality is greater than 50%, and production-injection ratio remains on more than 1.2.
The present invention can bring into play the displacement fluid in the sweeping and acting on of vertical and horizontal both direction, and improves the scope that involves of drive fluid, improves the oil recovery factor of heavy laver common heavy oil reservoir.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is straight well of the present invention and horizontal well combination and exploitation schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is that driving force of the present invention is analyzed schematic diagram.
Specific embodiments
Straight well and horizontal well combination exploitation oil reservoir or horizontal well, horizontal well combination exploitation oil reservoir only are a kind of well spacing forms, and the drilling technology of straight well and horizontal well has been arranged, and the selection in the various combination and exploitations of straight well and horizontal well oil field has just been arranged.The gravity-assisted steam flooding exploitation method of heavy laver common heavy oil reservoir of the present invention, in heavy laver common heavy oil reservoir, take straight well to annotate the mode that vapour, horizontal well production or horizontal well are annotated vapour, horizontal well production, wherein annotate vapour well and producing well certain distance is all arranged on vertical and horizontal, in recovery process, vapour drives pressure as main drive, and gravity is auxiliary driving force, and the displacement fluid is in vertical and horizontal both direction drive fluid.
The present invention takes straight well to annotate the mode that vapour, horizontal well production (see figure 1) or horizontal well are annotated vapour, horizontal well production in heavy laver common heavy oil reservoir, and wherein annotating vapour well and producing well all has certain distance on vertical and horizontal.Because the flowable of common heavy oil, in adopting the gravity-assisted steam flooding recovery process, it is main drive that vapour drives pressure, and gravity is the auxiliary driving force (see figure 2).
The concrete following steps that adopt:
(1) confirms the feasibility of gravity-assisted steam flooding mining type according to known reservoir geology parameter and common heavy oil fluid behaviour;
(2) oil reservoir of straight well exploitation, hole pattern is that straight well makes up with horizontal well; For undeveloped reserves, hole pattern is straight well and horizontal well combination, or horizontal well and horizontal well combination;
(3) boring horizontal production well near the oil reservoir bottom, the oblique upper of horizontal well, with horizontal well vertical apart from 10-20m about, locate about horizontal range 50-70m to bore and annotate the vapour straight well or annotate the carbonated drink horizontal well;
(4) for the newly developed area, horizontal production well with annotate the vapour straight well handle up simultaneously 2-4 about the cycle, annotate vapour well and producing well and form thermal communication, formation pressure and drop to 3-4MPa after, the rotation gravity assisted steam flooding is exploited; Formed the old liberated area of thermal communication for annotating vapour well and producing well, new horizontal production well of boring handle up 1 cycle, remove the pollution of near wellbore zone after, rotation gravity assisted steam flooding exploitation: annotate vapour well continuous steam injection, horizontal production well is produced continuously, annotating vapour speed is 1.5-1.8t/ha.m.d, the shaft bottom steam quality is greater than 50%, and production-injection ratio remains on more than 1.2.
Reservoir geology parameter of the present invention is, core intersection is greater than 15m continuously, and degree of porosity is greater than 20%, and permeability is greater than 500md, and the ratio of vertical permeability and horizontal permeability is greater than 0.2;
Described common heavy oil fluid behaviour is, under the reservoir temperature degassed crude viscosity greater than 100mPa.s and less than 10,000mPa.s, the crude oil of relative density greater than 0.92, less than 0.95.When oil reservoir Gao Konggao oozes, can also expand to the special viscous crude between common heavy oil and super viscous crude, under its reservoir temperature degassed crude viscosity greater than 10,000mPa.s and less than 50,000mPa.s, the crude oil of relative density greater than 0.95, less than 0.98.
Step of the present invention (4), fashionable identical of the condition of changeing GASD during the combination of horizontal production well, horizontal steam injection well and horizontal production well, straight well notes vapour well group.
Example 1: certain oil field oil reservoir 6 sand body is the block common heavy oil reservoir of thick-layer, and 50 ℃ of following degassed crude viscosity are 2284.2mPas, oil reservoir average thickness 38.89m.This oil reservoir adopts the straight well steam soak on average to reach 7 cycles, and strata pressure drops to 1.0MPa from original value 16.1MPa, and cycle oil production and gas oil ratio reduce.At geologic feature, oil property and the exploitation present situation of this oil reservoir, adopt straight well and horizontal well combination gravity-assisted steam flooding technology.
(1) carries out coarse screening according to reservoir geology parameter and fluid behaviour;
(2) core intersection is greater than 15m continuously, and degree of porosity is greater than 20%, and permeability is greater than 500md, and the ratio of vertical permeability and horizontal permeability is fit to adopt the GASD technology greater than 0.2;
(3) for the oil reservoir of the exploitation of straight well, hole pattern is that straight well makes up with horizontal well; For undeveloped reserves, hole pattern is horizontal well and horizontal well combination;
(4) at first boring horizontal production well near the oil reservoir bottom, at the oblique upper of horizontal well, bore notes vapour straight well apart from 15m, horizontal range 70m place with the vertical of horizontal well;
(5) horizontal production well was handled up for 3 cycles simultaneously with notes vapour straight well;
(6) annotate vapour straight well continuous steam injection, horizontal production well is produced continuously, and annotating vapour speed is 1.5t/ha.m.d, and the shaft bottom steam quality is greater than 50%, and production-injection ratio remains on more than 1.2;
Rotation gravity assisted steam flooding exploitation behind these oil reservoir 6 sand body oil reservoir steam soaks, exploitation back straight well and horizontal well combination GASD can improve oil recovery factor 23.8%, the accumulation gas oil ratio can reach 0.27, adds the recovery percent of reserves (30.5%) during handling up, and total recovery ratio can reach 54.3%.
Example 2: certain three sections oil reservoir in east, oil field is the block common heavy oil reservoir of thick-layer, and 50 ℃ of following degassed crude viscosity are 7478mPas, oil reservoir average thickness 22m.This oil reservoir adopts the straight well steam soak, has on average reached 6 cycles, and strata pressure drops to 3.0MPa from original value 12.6MPa, and cycle oil production and gas oil ratio reduce.At geologic feature, oil property and the exploitation present situation of this oil reservoir, adopt straight well and horizontal well combination gravity-assisted steam flooding technology.
(1) carries out coarse screening according to reservoir geology parameter and fluid behaviour;
(2) core intersection is greater than 15m continuously, and degree of porosity is greater than 20%, and permeability is greater than 500md, and the ratio of vertical permeability and horizontal permeability is fit to adopt the GASD technology greater than 0.2;
(3) for the oil reservoir of the exploitation of straight well, hole pattern is that straight well makes up with horizontal well; For undeveloped reserves, hole pattern is horizontal well and horizontal well combination;
(4) at first boring horizontal production well near the oil reservoir bottom, at the oblique upper of horizontal well, bore notes vapour straight well apart from 10m, horizontal range 50m place with the vertical of horizontal well;
(5) horizontal production well was handled up for 3 cycles simultaneously with notes vapour straight well;
(6) annotate vapour straight well continuous steam injection, horizontal production well is produced continuously, annotates vapour speed and is
1.8t/ha.m.d the shaft bottom steam quality is greater than 50%, production-injection ratio remains on more than 1.2;
Rotation gravity assisted steam flooding exploitation behind these three sections oil reservoir steam soaks in oil reservoir east, exploitation back straight well and the exploitation of horizontal well combination gravity-assisted steam flooding can improve oil recovery factor 31.8%, the accumulation gas oil ratio can reach 0.24, add the recovery percent of reserves (24.3%) during handling up, total recovery ratio can reach 56.1%.
Example 3: the husky three sections oil reservoirs in certain oil field are the block common heavy oil reservoir of thick-layer, and 50 ℃ of following degassed crude viscosity are 3500mPas, oil reservoir average thickness 54m.This reservoir buried depth 1300m, original reservoir pressure 13.4MPa, 52 ℃ of original reservoir temperatures.Geologic feature, oil property at this oil reservoir adopt horizontal well and horizontal well combination gravity-assisted steam flooding technology.
(1) carries out coarse screening according to reservoir geology parameter and fluid behaviour;
(2) core intersection is greater than 15m continuously, and degree of porosity is greater than 20%, and permeability is greater than 500md, and the ratio of vertical permeability and horizontal permeability is fit to adopt the gravity-assisted steam flooding production technique greater than 0.2;
(3) for undeveloped reserves, hole pattern is horizontal well and horizontal well combination;
(4) at first boring a bite horizontal production well, at the oblique upper of horizontal production well, bore notes carbonated drink horizontal well apart from 20m, horizontal range 60m place with the vertical of horizontal production well near oil reservoir bottom;
(5) horizontal production well is handled up simultaneously with notes carbonated drink horizontal well, drops to 3-4MPa up to formation pressure, the rotation gravity assisted steam flooding;
(6) annotate carbonated drink horizontal well continuous steam injection, horizontal production well is produced continuously, and steam injection rate is 1.7t/ha.m.d, and the shaft bottom steam quality is greater than 50%, and production-injection ratio remains on more than 1.2;
Rotation gravity assisted steam flooding exploitation behind this oil reservoir steam soak, the exploitation back horizontal well stage recovery percent of reserves 18.8% of handling up, horizontal well combination GASD stage crude oil recovery percent of reserves is 36.8%, and the accumulation gas oil ratio can reach 0.26, handles up and total recovery ratio of GASD stage can reach 55.6%.
Claims (3)
1. a gravity-assisted steam flooding exploitation method of exploiting heavy laver common heavy oil reservoir in heavy laver common heavy oil reservoir, takes straight well to annotate the mode that vapour, horizontal well production or horizontal well are annotated vapour, horizontal well production, it is characterized in that adopting following steps:
1) determines that known oil reservoir block geologic parameter and common heavy oil fluid behaviour satisfy the gravity-assisted steam flooding mining conditions of common heavy oil reservoir;
Determine that known oil reservoir block geologic parameter is, core intersection is greater than 15m continuously, and degree of porosity is greater than 20%, and permeability is greater than 500md, and the ratio of vertical permeability and horizontal permeability is greater than 0.2;
Determine that known oil reservoir block common heavy oil fluid behaviour is, under the reservoir temperature degassed crude viscosity greater than 100mPa.s and less than 10,000mPa.s, the crude oil of relative density greater than 0.92, less than 0.95; When oil reservoir Gao Konggao oozes, can also expand to the special viscous crude between common heavy oil and super viscous crude, under its reservoir temperature degassed crude viscosity greater than 10,000mPa.s and less than 50,000mPa.s, the crude oil of relative density greater than 0.95, less than 0.98;
2), adopt straight well and horizontal well to make up hole pattern to the oil reservoir block of the exploitation of straight well; To oil reservoir block newly developed is straight well and horizontal well combination or horizontal well and horizontal well combination hole pattern;
3) boring horizontal production well along known oil reservoir block oil reservoir bottom, making and annotate the oblique upper of vapour straight well at horizontal well; Described notes vapour straight well is positioned at the vertical apart from 10m-20m of horizontal production well, horizontal range 50m-70m place;
4) to oil reservoir block newly developed, producing well and notes vapour well are handled up simultaneously, and 2-4 cycle or notes vapour well and producing well form thermal communication or formation pressure drops to 3-4MPa, transfer the production of notes vapour well notes vapour producing well to and exploit;
To the oil reservoir block of the exploitation of straight well, annotate the vapour well and formed thermal communication with producing well, new horizontal production well of boring handle up 1 cycle, remove the pollution of near wellbore zone after, metaideophone vapour well is annotated the production of vapour producing well and is exploited;
Described notes vapour well is annotated vapour producing well production exploitation: annotate vapour well continuous steam injection, horizontal production well is produced continuously, and annotating vapour speed is 1.5-1.8t/ha.m.d, and the shaft bottom steam quality is greater than 50%, and production-injection ratio remains on more than 1.2.
2. a kind of gravity-assisted steam flooding exploitation method of exploiting heavy laver common heavy oil reservoir according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described step 3) is annotated the vapour straight well and is bored or existing straight well for new.
3. a kind of gravity-assisted steam flooding exploitation method of exploiting heavy laver common heavy oil reservoir according to claim 1 is characterized in that: it is new horizontal well drilling that described step 3) is annotated the vapour straight well.
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