CA2368453A1 - Using gain-adaptive quantization and non-uniform symbol lengths for audio coding - Google Patents
Using gain-adaptive quantization and non-uniform symbol lengths for audio coding Download PDFInfo
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- CA2368453A1 CA2368453A1 CA002368453A CA2368453A CA2368453A1 CA 2368453 A1 CA2368453 A1 CA 2368453A1 CA 002368453 A CA002368453 A CA 002368453A CA 2368453 A CA2368453 A CA 2368453A CA 2368453 A1 CA2368453 A1 CA 2368453A1
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- 238000013139 quantization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract 22
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims 15
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims 6
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 abstract 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L19/02—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using spectral analysis, e.g. transform vocoders or subband vocoders
- G10L19/032—Quantisation or dequantisation of spectral components
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L19/02—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using spectral analysis, e.g. transform vocoders or subband vocoders
- G10L19/0204—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using spectral analysis, e.g. transform vocoders or subband vocoders using subband decomposition
- G10L19/0208—Subband vocoders
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Abstract
Techniques like Huffman coding can be used to represent digital audio signal components more efficiently using non-uniform length symbols than can be represented by other coding techniques using uniform length symbols. Unfortunately, the coding efficiency that can be achieved by Huffman coding depends on the probability density function of the information to be coded and the Huffman coding process itself requires considerable processing and memory ressources. A coding process that uses gain-adaptive quantization according to the present invention can realize the advantage of using non-uniform length symbols while overcoming the shortcomings of Huffman coding.
In gain-adaptive quantization, the magnitudes of signal components to be encoded are compared to one or more thresholds and placed into classes according to the results of the comparison. The magnitudes of the components placed into one of the classes are modified according to a gain factor that is related to the threshold used to classify the components. Preferably, the gain factor may be expressed as a function of only the threshold value. Gain-adaptive quantization may be used to encode frequency subband signals in split-band audio coding systems. Additional features including cascaded gain-adaptive quantization, intra-frame coding, split-interval and non-overloading quantizers are disclosed.
In gain-adaptive quantization, the magnitudes of signal components to be encoded are compared to one or more thresholds and placed into classes according to the results of the comparison. The magnitudes of the components placed into one of the classes are modified according to a gain factor that is related to the threshold used to classify the components. Preferably, the gain factor may be expressed as a function of only the threshold value. Gain-adaptive quantization may be used to encode frequency subband signals in split-band audio coding systems. Additional features including cascaded gain-adaptive quantization, intra-frame coding, split-interval and non-overloading quantizers are disclosed.
Claims (42)
1. A method for encoding an input signal that comprises:
receiving the input signal and generating a subband-signal block of subband-signal components representing a frequency subband of the input signal;
comparing magnitudes of the components in the subband-signal block with a threshold, placing each component into one of two or more classes according to component magnitude, and obtaining a gain factor;
applying the gain factor to the components placed into one of the classes to modify the magnitudes of some of the components in the subband-signal block;
quantizing the components in the subband-signal block; and assembling into an encoded signal control information conveying classification of the components and non-uniform length symbols representing the quantized subband-signal components.
receiving the input signal and generating a subband-signal block of subband-signal components representing a frequency subband of the input signal;
comparing magnitudes of the components in the subband-signal block with a threshold, placing each component into one of two or more classes according to component magnitude, and obtaining a gain factor;
applying the gain factor to the components placed into one of the classes to modify the magnitudes of some of the components in the subband-signal block;
quantizing the components in the subband-signal block; and assembling into an encoded signal control information conveying classification of the components and non-uniform length symbols representing the quantized subband-signal components.
2. A method according to claim 1 that assembles control information into the encoded signal that indicates those quantized subband-signal components having magnitudes that are not modified according to the gain factor, wherein the control information is conveyed by one or more reserved symbols that are not used to represent quantized subband-signal components.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2 that comprises obtaining the threshold from a function that is dependent on gain factor but independent of quantization step size of the quantized components.
4. A method according to claim 1 or 2 that comprises obtaining the threshold from a function that is dependent on gain factor and quantization step size of the quantized components.
5. A method according to any one of claims 1 through 4 that comprises:
adaptively changing a respective quantization step size for each component in the subband-signal block according to the class into which the component is placed by adaptively allocating bits to the component, and obtains the gain factor such that the number of bits allocated to the components with modified magnitudes is reduced while preserving the respective quantization step size.
adaptively changing a respective quantization step size for each component in the subband-signal block according to the class into which the component is placed by adaptively allocating bits to the component, and obtains the gain factor such that the number of bits allocated to the components with modified magnitudes is reduced while preserving the respective quantization step size.
6. A method according to any one of claims 1 through 5 that comprises quantizing the components placed into one of the classes according to a split-interval quantization function.
7. A method according to any one of claims 1 through 6 that places each component into one of three or more classes according to component magnitude and comprises:
obtaining one or more additional gain factors each associated with a respective class, and applying each of the additional gain factors to the components placed into the associated respective class.
obtaining one or more additional gain factors each associated with a respective class, and applying each of the additional gain factors to the components placed into the associated respective class.
8. A method according to any one of claims 1 through 7 that comprises:
comparing magnitudes of at least some of the components in the subband-signal block with a second threshold, placing each component into one of two or more second classes according to component magnitude, and obtaining a second gain factor; and applying the second gain factor to the components placed into one of the second classes to modify the magnitudes of some of the components in the subband-signal block;
wherein the non-uniform length symbols represent the quantized components as modified by the gain factor and the second gain factor.
comparing magnitudes of at least some of the components in the subband-signal block with a second threshold, placing each component into one of two or more second classes according to component magnitude, and obtaining a second gain factor; and applying the second gain factor to the components placed into one of the second classes to modify the magnitudes of some of the components in the subband-signal block;
wherein the non-uniform length symbols represent the quantized components as modified by the gain factor and the second gain factor.
9. A method according to any one of claims 1 through 8 that quantizes at least some of the components using one or more non-overloading quantizers.
10. A method for decoding an encoded signal comprising:
receiving the encoded signal and obtaining therefrom control information and non-uniform length symbols, and obtaining from the non-uniform length symbols quantized subband-signal components representing a frequency subband of an input signal;
dequantizing the subband-signal components to obtain subband-signal dequantized components;
applying a gain factor to modify magnitudes of some of the dequantized components according to the control information; and generating an output signal in response to the subband-signal dequantized components.
receiving the encoded signal and obtaining therefrom control information and non-uniform length symbols, and obtaining from the non-uniform length symbols quantized subband-signal components representing a frequency subband of an input signal;
dequantizing the subband-signal components to obtain subband-signal dequantized components;
applying a gain factor to modify magnitudes of some of the dequantized components according to the control information; and generating an output signal in response to the subband-signal dequantized components.
11. A method according to claim 10 that obtains control information from the encoded signal indicating those quantized subband-signal components having magnitudes that are not to be modified according to the gain factor, wherein the control information is conveyed by one or more reserved symbols that are not used to represent quantized subband-signal components.
12. A method according to claim 10 or 11 that comprises dequantizing some of the quantized components in the subband-signal block according to a dequantization function that is complementary to a split-interval quantization function.
13. A method according to any one of claims 10 through 12 that comprises applying a second gain factor to modify magnitudes of some of the dequantized components according to the control information.
14. A method according to any one of claims 10 through 13 that dequantizes at least some of the quantized components using one or more dequantizers that are complementary to a respective non-overloading quantizer.
15. An apparatus for encoding an input signal comprising:
an analysis filter having an input that receives the input signal and having an output through which is provided a subband-signal block of subband-signal components representing a frequency subband of the input signal;
a subband-signal block analyzer coupled to the analysis filter that compares magnitudes of the components in the subband-signal block with a threshold, places each component into one of two or more classes according to component magnitude, and obtains a gain factor;
a subband-signal component processor coupled to the subband-signal block analyzer that applies the gain factor to the components placed into one of the classes to modify the magnitudes of some of the components in the subband-signal block;
a first quantizer coupled to the subband-signal processor that quantizes the components in the subband-signal block having magnitudes modified according to the gain factor; and a formatter coupled to the first quantizer that assembles non-uniform length symbols representing the quantized subband-signal components and control information conveying classification of the components into an encoded signal.
an analysis filter having an input that receives the input signal and having an output through which is provided a subband-signal block of subband-signal components representing a frequency subband of the input signal;
a subband-signal block analyzer coupled to the analysis filter that compares magnitudes of the components in the subband-signal block with a threshold, places each component into one of two or more classes according to component magnitude, and obtains a gain factor;
a subband-signal component processor coupled to the subband-signal block analyzer that applies the gain factor to the components placed into one of the classes to modify the magnitudes of some of the components in the subband-signal block;
a first quantizer coupled to the subband-signal processor that quantizes the components in the subband-signal block having magnitudes modified according to the gain factor; and a formatter coupled to the first quantizer that assembles non-uniform length symbols representing the quantized subband-signal components and control information conveying classification of the components into an encoded signal.
16. An apparatus according to claim 15 that comprises a second quantizer coupled to the subband-signal block analyzer that quantizes the components placed into one of the classes according to a split-interval quantization function, wherein the formatter is also coupled to the second quantizer.
17. An apparatus according to claim 15 or 16 wherein the formatter assembles control information into the encoded signal that indicates those quantized subband-signal components having magnitudes that are not modified according to the gain factor, wherein the control information is conveyed by one or more reserved symbols that are not used to represent quantized subband-signal components.
18. An apparatus according to any one of claims 15 through 17 that obtains the threshold from a function that is dependent on gain factor but independent of quantization step size of the quantized components.
19. An apparatus according to any one of claims 15 through 17 that obtains the threshold from a function that is dependent on gain factor and quantization step size of the quantized components.
20. An apparatus according to any one of claims 15 through 19 that adaptively changes a respective quantization step size for each component in the subband-signal block according to the class into which the component is placed by adaptively allocating bits to the component, and obtains the gain factor such that the number of bits allocated to the components with modified magnitudes is reduced while preserving the respective quantization step size.
21. An apparatus according to any one of claims 15 through 20 that places each component into one of three or more classes according to component magnitude, obtains one or more additional gain factors each associated with a respective class, and applies each of the additional gain factors to the components placed into the associated respective class.
22. An apparatus according to any one of claims 15 through 21 wherein the subband-signal block analyzer compares magnitudes of at least some of the components in the subband-signal block with a second threshold, places each component into one of two or more second classes according to component magnitude, and obtains a second gain factor; and the subband-signal component processor applies the second gain factor to the components placed into one of the second classes to modify the magnitudes of some of the components in the subband-signal block;
wherein the non-uniform length symbols represent the quantized components as modified by the gain factor and the second gain factor.
wherein the non-uniform length symbols represent the quantized components as modified by the gain factor and the second gain factor.
23. An apparatus according to any one of claims 15 through 22 that quantizes at least some of the components using one or more non-overloading quantizers.
24. An apparatus for decoding an encoded signal comprising:
a deformatter that receives the encoded signal and obtains therefrom control information and non-uniform length symbols, and obtains from the non-uniform length symbols quantized subband-signal components;
a first dequantizer coupled to the deformatter that dequantizes some of the subband-signal components in the block according to the control information to obtain first dequantized components;
a subband-signal block processor coupled to the first dequantizer that applies a gain factor to modify magnitudes of some of the first dequantized components in the subband-signal block according to the control information;
and a synthesis filter having an input coupled to the subband-signal processor and having an output through which an output signal is provided.
a deformatter that receives the encoded signal and obtains therefrom control information and non-uniform length symbols, and obtains from the non-uniform length symbols quantized subband-signal components;
a first dequantizer coupled to the deformatter that dequantizes some of the subband-signal components in the block according to the control information to obtain first dequantized components;
a subband-signal block processor coupled to the first dequantizer that applies a gain factor to modify magnitudes of some of the first dequantized components in the subband-signal block according to the control information;
and a synthesis filter having an input coupled to the subband-signal processor and having an output through which an output signal is provided.
25. An apparatus according to claim 24 that comprises a second dequantizer coupled to the deformatter that dequantizes other subband-signal components in the block according to a dequantization function that is complementary to a split-interval quantization function to obtain second dequantized components, and wherein the synthesis filter has an input coupled to the second dequantizer.
26. An apparatus according to claim 24 or 25 wherein the deformatter obtains control information from the encoded signal indicating those quantized subband-signal components having magnitudes that are not to be modified according to the gain factor, wherein the control information is conveyed by one or more reserved symbols that are not used to represent quantized subband-signal components.
27. An apparatus according to any one of claims 24 through 26 wherein the subband-signal block processor applies a second gain factor to modify magnitudes of some of the dequantized components according to the control information.
28. An apparatus according to any one of claims 24 through 27 that dequantizes at least some of the quantized components using one or more dequantizers that are complementary to a respective non-overloading quantizer.
29. A computer program product embodied on a machine readable medium, said computer program product comprising program instructions executable by said machine to perform a method for encoding an input signal, the method comprising:
receiving the input signal and generating a subband-signal block of subband-signal components representing a frequency subband of the input signal;
comparing magnitudes of the components in the subband-signal block with a threshold, placing each component into one of two or more classes according to component magnitude, and obtaining a gain factor;
applying the gain factor to the components placed into one of the classes to modify the magnitudes of some of the components in the subband-signal block;
quantizing the components in the subband-signal block; and assembling into an encoded signal control information conveying classification of the components and non-uniform length symbols representing the quantized subband-signal components.
receiving the input signal and generating a subband-signal block of subband-signal components representing a frequency subband of the input signal;
comparing magnitudes of the components in the subband-signal block with a threshold, placing each component into one of two or more classes according to component magnitude, and obtaining a gain factor;
applying the gain factor to the components placed into one of the classes to modify the magnitudes of some of the components in the subband-signal block;
quantizing the components in the subband-signal block; and assembling into an encoded signal control information conveying classification of the components and non-uniform length symbols representing the quantized subband-signal components.
30. A computer program product according to claim 29 that assembles control information into the encoded signal that indicates those quantized subband-signal components having magnitudes that are not modified according to the gain factor, wherein the control information is conveyed by one or more reserved symbols that are not used to represent quantized subband-signal components.
31. A computer program product according to claim 29 or 30 that comprises obtaining the threshold from a function that is dependent on gain factor but independent of quantization step size of the quantized components.
32. A computer program product according to claim 29 or 30 that comprises obtaining the threshold from a function that is dependent on gain factor and quantization step size of the quantized components.
33. A computer program product according to any one of claims 29 through 32 that comprises:
adaptively changing a respective quantization step size for each component in the subband-signal block according to the class into which the component is placed by adaptively allocating bits to the component, and obtains the gain factor such that the number of bits allocated to the components with modified magnitudes is reduced while preserving the respective quantization step size.
adaptively changing a respective quantization step size for each component in the subband-signal block according to the class into which the component is placed by adaptively allocating bits to the component, and obtains the gain factor such that the number of bits allocated to the components with modified magnitudes is reduced while preserving the respective quantization step size.
34. A computer program product according to any one of claims 29 through 33 that comprises quantizing the components placed into one of the classes according to a split-interval quantization function.
35. A computer program product according to any one of claims 29 through 34 that places each component into one of three or more classes according to component magnitude and comprises:
obtaining one or more additional gain factors each associated with a respective class, and applying each of the additional gain factors to the components placed into the associated respective class.
obtaining one or more additional gain factors each associated with a respective class, and applying each of the additional gain factors to the components placed into the associated respective class.
36. A computer program product according to 29 through 35 that comprises:
comparing magnitudes of at least some of the components in the subband-signal block with a second threshold, placing each component into one of two or more second classes according to component magnitude, and obtaining a second gain factor; and applying the second gain factor to the components placed into one of the second classes to modify the magnitudes of some of the components in the subband-signal block;
wherein the non-uniform length symbols represent the quantized components as modified by the gain factor and the second gain factor.
comparing magnitudes of at least some of the components in the subband-signal block with a second threshold, placing each component into one of two or more second classes according to component magnitude, and obtaining a second gain factor; and applying the second gain factor to the components placed into one of the second classes to modify the magnitudes of some of the components in the subband-signal block;
wherein the non-uniform length symbols represent the quantized components as modified by the gain factor and the second gain factor.
37. A computer program product according to any one of claims 29 through 36 that quantizes at least some of the components using one or more non-overloading quantizers.
38. A computer program product readable by a device embodying a program of instructions for execution by the device to perform a method for decoding an encoded signal, the method comprising:
receiving the encoded signal and obtaining therefrom control information and non-uniform length symbols, and obtaining from the non-uniform length symbols quantized subband-signal components representing a frequency subband of an input signal;
dequantizing the subband-signal components to obtain subband-signal dequantized components;
applying a gain factor to modify magnitudes of some of the dequantized components according to the control information; and generating an output signal in response to the subband-signal dequantized components.
receiving the encoded signal and obtaining therefrom control information and non-uniform length symbols, and obtaining from the non-uniform length symbols quantized subband-signal components representing a frequency subband of an input signal;
dequantizing the subband-signal components to obtain subband-signal dequantized components;
applying a gain factor to modify magnitudes of some of the dequantized components according to the control information; and generating an output signal in response to the subband-signal dequantized components.
39. A computer program product according to claim 38 that obtains control information from the encoded signal indicating those quantized subband-signal components having magnitudes that are not to be modified according to the gain factor, wherein the control information is conveyed by one or more reserved symbols that are not used to represent quantized subband-signal components.
40. A computer program product according to claim 38 or 39 that comprises dequantizing some of the quantized components in the subband-signal block according to a dequantization function that is complementary to a split-interval quantization function.
41. A computer program product according to any one of claims 38 through 40 that comprises applying a second gain factor to modify magnitudes of some of the dequantized components according to the control information.
42. A computer program product according to any one of claims 38 through 41 that dequantizes at least some of the quantized components using one or more dequantizers that are complementary to a respective non-overloading quantizer.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US29357799A | 1999-04-16 | 1999-04-16 | |
| US09/293,577 | 1999-04-16 | ||
| US09/349,645 | 1999-07-08 | ||
| US09/349,645 US6246345B1 (en) | 1999-04-16 | 1999-07-08 | Using gain-adaptive quantization and non-uniform symbol lengths for improved audio coding |
| PCT/US2000/009604 WO2000063886A1 (en) | 1999-04-16 | 2000-04-11 | Using gain-adaptive quantization and non-uniform symbol lengths for audio coding |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CA2368453A1 true CA2368453A1 (en) | 2000-10-26 |
| CA2368453C CA2368453C (en) | 2009-12-08 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US7447631B2 (en) * | 2002-06-17 | 2008-11-04 | Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation | Audio coding system using spectral hole filling |
| DE102004007200B3 (en) | 2004-02-13 | 2005-08-11 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Device for audio encoding has device for using filter to obtain scaled, filtered audio value, device for quantizing it to obtain block of quantized, scaled, filtered audio values and device for including information in coded signal |
| DE102004007184B3 (en) * | 2004-02-13 | 2005-09-22 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Method and apparatus for quantizing an information signal |
| DE102004007191B3 (en) | 2004-02-13 | 2005-09-01 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Audio coding |
| CN101390158B (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2012-03-14 | 法国电信公司 | Method for binary coding of quantization indices of a signal envelope, method for decoding a signal envelope and corresponding coding and decoding modules |
| DE102006022346B4 (en) | 2006-05-12 | 2008-02-28 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Information signal coding |
| JP5057590B2 (en) * | 2006-07-24 | 2012-10-24 | マーベル ワールド トレード リミテッド | CONTROL SYSTEM AND DATA STORAGE DEVICE FOR ROTARY DATA STORAGE DEVICE |
| US8571852B2 (en) * | 2007-03-02 | 2013-10-29 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Postfilter for layered codecs |
| US8831933B2 (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2014-09-09 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Systems, methods, apparatus, and computer-readable media for multi-stage shape vector quantization |
| US9208792B2 (en) | 2010-08-17 | 2015-12-08 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Systems, methods, apparatus, and computer-readable media for noise injection |
| KR101492105B1 (en) * | 2011-08-29 | 2015-02-11 | 주식회사 아이벡스피티홀딩스 | Method of encoding moving pictures in amvp mode |
| ES2643746T3 (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2017-11-24 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Corporation Of America | Voice audio coding device, voice audio decoding device, voice audio coding method and voice audio decoding method |
| CN116366411B (en) * | 2023-03-28 | 2024-03-08 | 扬州宇安电子科技有限公司 | Multi-bit signal quantization self-adaptive threshold generation and quantization method |
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| US5365553A (en) * | 1990-11-30 | 1994-11-15 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Transmitter, encoding system and method employing use of a bit need determiner for subband coding a digital signal |
| WO1995032499A1 (en) * | 1994-05-25 | 1995-11-30 | Sony Corporation | Encoding method, decoding method, encoding-decoding method, encoder, decoder, and encoder-decoder |
| JP3307138B2 (en) * | 1995-02-27 | 2002-07-24 | ソニー株式会社 | Signal encoding method and apparatus, and signal decoding method and apparatus |
| US5924064A (en) * | 1996-10-07 | 1999-07-13 | Picturetel Corporation | Variable length coding using a plurality of region bit allocation patterns |
| US6006179A (en) * | 1997-10-28 | 1999-12-21 | America Online, Inc. | Audio codec using adaptive sparse vector quantization with subband vector classification |
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- 2000-04-11 TW TW089106701A patent/TW536692B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-04-11 CN CNB008063303A patent/CN1158646C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-14 MY MYPI20001607A patent/MY122486A/en unknown
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2002
- 2002-10-03 HK HK02107256.2A patent/HK1045747B/en unknown
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| HK1045747B (en) | 2004-12-31 |
| DE60011606D1 (en) | 2004-07-22 |
| EP1175670A1 (en) | 2002-01-30 |
| EP1175670B1 (en) | 2004-06-16 |
| ES2218148T5 (en) | 2008-02-16 |
| DE60011606T3 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
| AR023444A1 (en) | 2002-09-04 |
| DE60011606T2 (en) | 2005-06-23 |
| KR20010112434A (en) | 2001-12-20 |
| JP4843142B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 |
| MXPA01010447A (en) | 2002-07-30 |
| TW536692B (en) | 2003-06-11 |
| WO2000063886A1 (en) | 2000-10-26 |
| DK1175670T4 (en) | 2007-11-19 |
| AU771454B2 (en) | 2004-03-25 |
| KR100893281B1 (en) | 2009-04-17 |
| JP2002542522A (en) | 2002-12-10 |
| HK1045747A1 (en) | 2002-12-06 |
| ATE269574T1 (en) | 2004-07-15 |
| CN1158646C (en) | 2004-07-21 |
| CA2368453C (en) | 2009-12-08 |
| BR0010672A (en) | 2002-02-19 |
| EP1175670B2 (en) | 2007-09-19 |
| DK1175670T3 (en) | 2004-10-11 |
| AU4227900A (en) | 2000-11-02 |
| ES2218148T3 (en) | 2004-11-16 |
| BRPI0010672B1 (en) | 2016-06-07 |
| MY122486A (en) | 2006-04-29 |
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