CA2063243A1 - Energy-generating plant, particularly propellor-type ship's propulsion plant, supplied by a solar generator - Google Patents
Energy-generating plant, particularly propellor-type ship's propulsion plant, supplied by a solar generatorInfo
- Publication number
- CA2063243A1 CA2063243A1 CA002063243A CA2063243A CA2063243A1 CA 2063243 A1 CA2063243 A1 CA 2063243A1 CA 002063243 A CA002063243 A CA 002063243A CA 2063243 A CA2063243 A CA 2063243A CA 2063243 A1 CA2063243 A1 CA 2063243A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- generator
- solar
- energy
- values
- mpp
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/12—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven
- B63H21/17—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven by electric motor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H23/00—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements
- B63H23/22—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with non-mechanical gearing
- B63H23/24—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with non-mechanical gearing electric
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/42—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ships or vessels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An energy-generating plant, for which the electrical energy is supplied by a solar generator through a direct current converter, characterized in that, with the help of a microcomputer, the input resistance of the direct current converter is constantly adapted to the optimum power point (MPP) of the solar generator which changes depending on the solar irradiation and on the temperature of the solar cells.
An energy-generating plant, for which the electrical energy is supplied by a solar generator through a direct current converter, characterized in that, with the help of a microcomputer, the input resistance of the direct current converter is constantly adapted to the optimum power point (MPP) of the solar generator which changes depending on the solar irradiation and on the temperature of the solar cells.
Description
~ ~ ~J r; 2 ~L ~
ENE~GY- OENERATING PLANT, PARTICULARLY
PROP~LLE~-TYPE SIIIP'S Pl~OPULSION PLANT, INCLUDING A SOL~ GENE~TOR
This invention relates to an energy-generating plant including a solar generator, the energy-generating plant supplying energy, in particular to a ship's propulsion plant having a propeller and the plant having the characteristics according to the definition of the species of claim 1. In the preferred case, the propell~r can be a ship's propeller, which propels the vessel directly, or it may be a turbine wheel of a pump jet, with which the water is accelerated and caused to leave the housing in such a manner that the water jet leaving the housing brings about the propulsion of the vessel. In the latter case, not only can ~he propulsion of the vessel be brought about, but the direction of travel of the vessel can also be determined by changing the direction of the water jet leaving tlle housing.
. .
Such propelling systems, to which the invention relates, are generally known and are also in use.
For the generation oE energy, the use of solar generators, in which photovoltaic solar cells convert light into electric energy, i5 also known~ If a photovoltaic solar generator is used for propulsion particularly of smaller vessels, attention must be paid to the hiqhest possible efficiency of the components used, in order to keep the area required for the solar generator and ,. ..
, ~ :'' ~,' ' ' - .
the weight of the energy storage system, the motor, and the propulsion system, as small as possible. In other words, a propulsion system should be available which overall has a high efficiency.
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a photovoltaic energy arrangement which takes maximum electric power from the solar generator guaranteeing thus an optimum energy yield. For this purpose, it is necessary to operate the solar generator at its maximum power point (MPP). This is to be ensured with the invention without having the expense of operating the system at the MPP in an economically unjustifiable manner.
The invention is explained in greater detail below with reference to the drawings~
It is a key feature of the invention to determine the maximum power point as a fun~tion of two parameters, namely, "the strength of the solar irradiation" and the "temperature at the solar generator", and to set the conditions for this operating point by means of a computer by adapting the input resistance of a direct current converter for charging an energy storage device for supplying the power to the electric motor of, for example, a ship's propeller. These determining parameters are thereby taken into consideration and, for practical purposes, there is an optimum utilization of the photovoltaics for the propulsion of a vessel.
` `' ~, !
-~ 2 ~ 4 3 In the drawings, by means of which the invention is described in greater detail:
igure 1 is a schematic diayram of the components of a photovoltaic boat propulsion system and for optimum energy management thereof, and igure 2 indicates the generator characteristics in relation to the working range of the direct current converter' in the form used as a component of the invention.
The propulsion system of a vessel tthe vessel not being shown) includes a propeller 1, in an individual arrange-ment, or the propeller 1 as one,of several similar propellers, is used. The propeller 1 is fixed on, and rotatable with, the drive sha~t of an electric motor 2. Electric energy is supplied to the electric motor 2 from a d.c.-to-a.c. converter 3, which draws electric energy from a number of batteries 4, which serve to store the energy of the system. The batteries 4 are charged with electric energy by means of a direct current converter 5, the electric energy being obtained by means of a solar generator 6 having a plurality of solar cells.
Assigned to this system is a microcomputer 7 and a data field 9, to which are supplied, as input quantities, the generator voltage as signal 12, the generator current as signal 13, the batter~ voltage as signal 14, the battery charging current as signal 15, the measured values of the pilot cells 10, which serve to measure the solar irradiation as signals 16 and 17, and the measured value of the temperature sensor 11 at the solar generator as signal 18. From the processing of these signals in the microcomputer 7, which contains a data field 9, a control , ~', .
i .
. .
3~43 signal 19 is obtained, which is supplied to the direct current converter.
, The input resistance of the direct current converter 5 can be freely varied within a particular operating range. The output voltage of the converter follows the voltage of the connected storage battery up to the end of charge. This control input forms the interface with the overriding microcomputer system 7. The microcomputer is supplied with information from different measuring sites in the system.
Due to the nonlinearity of the characteristic of the solar generator 6, which is, in addition, liable to permanent changes, also with respect to its shape, it is not possible to specify a nominal value for the design of a closed control loop with the direct current converter 5 being the electric actuator.
In the propulsion system described hereafter, a control algorithm has to be developed and programmed, which operates the solar generator 6 at the maximum power point, the MPP
through successive optimizations. In this system, the voltage and current are measured at the output of the direct current converter 5 and supplied to the mîcrocomput~r 7. From these values, the power is calculated, which the direct current converter 5 delivers to the energy storage system 4. This power must be maximized in order to obtain optimum power and hence optimum energy yield of the solar generator 6.
When the system is started up, the value of the control signal is set by the microcomputer 7 to an initial value, as is the input resistance of the direct current converter 5. Since ,, 2~63~
the position of the valid MPP is not knwon, the values to which ths control signal and the input resistance of the direct current converter must be changed, cannot be specified. The value of the control signal is now increased with the largest step width w and the voltage and current are measured again and the power is determined. If the power is greater, the search is in the right direction and the value o~ the control signal is again increased by the step width w and the voltage and current are measured again.
If the power becomes less, the search direction is wrong and the value of the control signal is decreased by the step width w.
The voltage and current are measured once more and the calculated power is compared ~ith the specified value.
Due to the large step width w the characteristic of the solar generator is quickly cove~ed. Moreover, the procedure ensures that local maxima, if any, are skipped and the area of the absolute maximum is detected.
If now the operating point has overstepped the MPP, the direction of the search is reversed and the MPP is traversed in the opposite direction. The operating point thus oscillates about the actual MPP. Because of the large step width, the operating point is still relatively far distant from the actual MPP. If now, as described above, the MPP is traversed on~e in both directions, then the step width w is halved and the optimization is continued.
This halving of the step width is continued up to the smallest possible step width. In this way, the operating point is brought as close as possible to the MPP.
At the end of a search process, that is, when the step width is a minimum the searching process is interrupted as long as the power yield remains constant~
:
-" 6 20~32~3 1, . i,, The search process remains switched off until the power ~ ,' yield changes by a value to be established, that is, until the position o~ the MPP has changed. In order to attain an accurate setting of the new MPP as quickly as possible when there have ~een small changes, the searching process i~ continued with the smallest step width, only after a predetermined number o~ ~arch steps in the same direction the step width i5 doubled, at most to the largest step width w. In order to accelerate the optimiza-tion process ~n the further operation, the MPP values ~oun~ are filed in a data ~ield. For the identification of the MPP, on the one hand, and the value of the control signal, on the other, the values of the solar irradiation and the generator temperature are required being the determining parameters for the position of the M~P. -;-, -:~
The solar irradiation is ~etermined with the help o~ r,-at least one so-called pilot cell 10. Such a pilot cell i~ an - ~;-accurately calibrated re~er~nce cell, which i9 operated in ,-circuit. The short~circuit current is a dlrect measure of the magnitude o~ the solar irradiat~on, which can actually be processed by a photovoltaic solar generator With respect ;;-to the solar radiation the pilot cell is installed in the ¦ -~
ame position as the solar generator in it~ i~mediate vlcinty as regard~ the solar irrad~ation, so that ~he same irradiation ~
condition~ can be assumed. For reasons of redundancy, it is -;
advisable to u~e at least two pilot ce~ls 10.
. ' .
The generator ~empera~ure iq measured with two temperatu sensors 11, whlch arei~co~p~rq~within the rear of the solar ¦
generator 6 at varlous plac~s. -~
.
.
',., ~
, ~ 2~2~J
These values are also supplied to the microcomputer 7, so tha~ the measured irradiation and temperature of the solar generator can be stated for each operating point.
Each MPP found, an MPP being regarded as found when it was possible to terminate the search process, is filed in the data field. In doing so, the value of the control signal for said MPP is filed in the field element, and the index values for the determination of the field element are the valueSof the solar irradiation and the generator temperature.
If now the search process is started, or started anew, the microcomputer searches in the created data field for an MPP
value which is valid for the instantaneous temperature and solar irradiation, i.e. the control slgnal value. If it can find such a valid MPP, the value of the control signal is set immediately and the generator is thus operated at the MPP, the searching process can be omitted. I~ there is no valid MPP value, a search for the MPP must be conducted in the manner described aboveO
In order to prevent a wrong value being writ~en into the MPP data field due to the shading or partial shading of the solar generator or the pilot cells, a plausibility test is carried out before each entry. On the basis of the family of characteristics of a solar generator and with the short circuit current of the pilot cells and the generator temperatures as input quantities, the anticipated output at the MPP can be calculated with an accuracy of about + 10%. This is too inaccurate for the MPP control, but entirely adequate for a plausibility test.
.
- ;, , 20~32~ ~' Before each entry of a supposed MPP into the data field, the actual generator output, calculated from the generator voltage and the generator current, is compared with the anticipated output by means of the previously mentioned calculation. If the actual ~
output deviates by not more than about 10% from the calculated one, the value i9 plausible and is entered in the data field;
if not, the search process is continued.
This plausibility test is also carried out before the value of a control signal is set by means of the tabulated values.
This prevents an incorrect operating point being set because o~
shading of the pilot cell or of the solar generator~ -It is evident that the energy, obtained with the help of the plant described and stored in the batteries 4, can serve not only for the propulsion of a propeller 1 serving for the propulsion of a ship, although being derived in particular from the object of the invention. The invention.can also find application in conjunc-tion with a land-based plant. In such a case, the d.c.-to-a.c.
converter 3 is not coupled to the electric motor 2 of the propeller 1, but the power produced is fed, for example, into an electrical grid instead of to the batteries 4. For example, a consumer, who is not connected to the electrical grid, is supplied with electricity, the installation operating rationally, because it -always wor~s at the maximum power point with respect to the practical requirements.
~,:
: .
,,
ENE~GY- OENERATING PLANT, PARTICULARLY
PROP~LLE~-TYPE SIIIP'S Pl~OPULSION PLANT, INCLUDING A SOL~ GENE~TOR
This invention relates to an energy-generating plant including a solar generator, the energy-generating plant supplying energy, in particular to a ship's propulsion plant having a propeller and the plant having the characteristics according to the definition of the species of claim 1. In the preferred case, the propell~r can be a ship's propeller, which propels the vessel directly, or it may be a turbine wheel of a pump jet, with which the water is accelerated and caused to leave the housing in such a manner that the water jet leaving the housing brings about the propulsion of the vessel. In the latter case, not only can ~he propulsion of the vessel be brought about, but the direction of travel of the vessel can also be determined by changing the direction of the water jet leaving tlle housing.
. .
Such propelling systems, to which the invention relates, are generally known and are also in use.
For the generation oE energy, the use of solar generators, in which photovoltaic solar cells convert light into electric energy, i5 also known~ If a photovoltaic solar generator is used for propulsion particularly of smaller vessels, attention must be paid to the hiqhest possible efficiency of the components used, in order to keep the area required for the solar generator and ,. ..
, ~ :'' ~,' ' ' - .
the weight of the energy storage system, the motor, and the propulsion system, as small as possible. In other words, a propulsion system should be available which overall has a high efficiency.
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a photovoltaic energy arrangement which takes maximum electric power from the solar generator guaranteeing thus an optimum energy yield. For this purpose, it is necessary to operate the solar generator at its maximum power point (MPP). This is to be ensured with the invention without having the expense of operating the system at the MPP in an economically unjustifiable manner.
The invention is explained in greater detail below with reference to the drawings~
It is a key feature of the invention to determine the maximum power point as a fun~tion of two parameters, namely, "the strength of the solar irradiation" and the "temperature at the solar generator", and to set the conditions for this operating point by means of a computer by adapting the input resistance of a direct current converter for charging an energy storage device for supplying the power to the electric motor of, for example, a ship's propeller. These determining parameters are thereby taken into consideration and, for practical purposes, there is an optimum utilization of the photovoltaics for the propulsion of a vessel.
` `' ~, !
-~ 2 ~ 4 3 In the drawings, by means of which the invention is described in greater detail:
igure 1 is a schematic diayram of the components of a photovoltaic boat propulsion system and for optimum energy management thereof, and igure 2 indicates the generator characteristics in relation to the working range of the direct current converter' in the form used as a component of the invention.
The propulsion system of a vessel tthe vessel not being shown) includes a propeller 1, in an individual arrange-ment, or the propeller 1 as one,of several similar propellers, is used. The propeller 1 is fixed on, and rotatable with, the drive sha~t of an electric motor 2. Electric energy is supplied to the electric motor 2 from a d.c.-to-a.c. converter 3, which draws electric energy from a number of batteries 4, which serve to store the energy of the system. The batteries 4 are charged with electric energy by means of a direct current converter 5, the electric energy being obtained by means of a solar generator 6 having a plurality of solar cells.
Assigned to this system is a microcomputer 7 and a data field 9, to which are supplied, as input quantities, the generator voltage as signal 12, the generator current as signal 13, the batter~ voltage as signal 14, the battery charging current as signal 15, the measured values of the pilot cells 10, which serve to measure the solar irradiation as signals 16 and 17, and the measured value of the temperature sensor 11 at the solar generator as signal 18. From the processing of these signals in the microcomputer 7, which contains a data field 9, a control , ~', .
i .
. .
3~43 signal 19 is obtained, which is supplied to the direct current converter.
, The input resistance of the direct current converter 5 can be freely varied within a particular operating range. The output voltage of the converter follows the voltage of the connected storage battery up to the end of charge. This control input forms the interface with the overriding microcomputer system 7. The microcomputer is supplied with information from different measuring sites in the system.
Due to the nonlinearity of the characteristic of the solar generator 6, which is, in addition, liable to permanent changes, also with respect to its shape, it is not possible to specify a nominal value for the design of a closed control loop with the direct current converter 5 being the electric actuator.
In the propulsion system described hereafter, a control algorithm has to be developed and programmed, which operates the solar generator 6 at the maximum power point, the MPP
through successive optimizations. In this system, the voltage and current are measured at the output of the direct current converter 5 and supplied to the mîcrocomput~r 7. From these values, the power is calculated, which the direct current converter 5 delivers to the energy storage system 4. This power must be maximized in order to obtain optimum power and hence optimum energy yield of the solar generator 6.
When the system is started up, the value of the control signal is set by the microcomputer 7 to an initial value, as is the input resistance of the direct current converter 5. Since ,, 2~63~
the position of the valid MPP is not knwon, the values to which ths control signal and the input resistance of the direct current converter must be changed, cannot be specified. The value of the control signal is now increased with the largest step width w and the voltage and current are measured again and the power is determined. If the power is greater, the search is in the right direction and the value o~ the control signal is again increased by the step width w and the voltage and current are measured again.
If the power becomes less, the search direction is wrong and the value of the control signal is decreased by the step width w.
The voltage and current are measured once more and the calculated power is compared ~ith the specified value.
Due to the large step width w the characteristic of the solar generator is quickly cove~ed. Moreover, the procedure ensures that local maxima, if any, are skipped and the area of the absolute maximum is detected.
If now the operating point has overstepped the MPP, the direction of the search is reversed and the MPP is traversed in the opposite direction. The operating point thus oscillates about the actual MPP. Because of the large step width, the operating point is still relatively far distant from the actual MPP. If now, as described above, the MPP is traversed on~e in both directions, then the step width w is halved and the optimization is continued.
This halving of the step width is continued up to the smallest possible step width. In this way, the operating point is brought as close as possible to the MPP.
At the end of a search process, that is, when the step width is a minimum the searching process is interrupted as long as the power yield remains constant~
:
-" 6 20~32~3 1, . i,, The search process remains switched off until the power ~ ,' yield changes by a value to be established, that is, until the position o~ the MPP has changed. In order to attain an accurate setting of the new MPP as quickly as possible when there have ~een small changes, the searching process i~ continued with the smallest step width, only after a predetermined number o~ ~arch steps in the same direction the step width i5 doubled, at most to the largest step width w. In order to accelerate the optimiza-tion process ~n the further operation, the MPP values ~oun~ are filed in a data ~ield. For the identification of the MPP, on the one hand, and the value of the control signal, on the other, the values of the solar irradiation and the generator temperature are required being the determining parameters for the position of the M~P. -;-, -:~
The solar irradiation is ~etermined with the help o~ r,-at least one so-called pilot cell 10. Such a pilot cell i~ an - ~;-accurately calibrated re~er~nce cell, which i9 operated in ,-circuit. The short~circuit current is a dlrect measure of the magnitude o~ the solar irradiat~on, which can actually be processed by a photovoltaic solar generator With respect ;;-to the solar radiation the pilot cell is installed in the ¦ -~
ame position as the solar generator in it~ i~mediate vlcinty as regard~ the solar irrad~ation, so that ~he same irradiation ~
condition~ can be assumed. For reasons of redundancy, it is -;
advisable to u~e at least two pilot ce~ls 10.
. ' .
The generator ~empera~ure iq measured with two temperatu sensors 11, whlch arei~co~p~rq~within the rear of the solar ¦
generator 6 at varlous plac~s. -~
.
.
',., ~
, ~ 2~2~J
These values are also supplied to the microcomputer 7, so tha~ the measured irradiation and temperature of the solar generator can be stated for each operating point.
Each MPP found, an MPP being regarded as found when it was possible to terminate the search process, is filed in the data field. In doing so, the value of the control signal for said MPP is filed in the field element, and the index values for the determination of the field element are the valueSof the solar irradiation and the generator temperature.
If now the search process is started, or started anew, the microcomputer searches in the created data field for an MPP
value which is valid for the instantaneous temperature and solar irradiation, i.e. the control slgnal value. If it can find such a valid MPP, the value of the control signal is set immediately and the generator is thus operated at the MPP, the searching process can be omitted. I~ there is no valid MPP value, a search for the MPP must be conducted in the manner described aboveO
In order to prevent a wrong value being writ~en into the MPP data field due to the shading or partial shading of the solar generator or the pilot cells, a plausibility test is carried out before each entry. On the basis of the family of characteristics of a solar generator and with the short circuit current of the pilot cells and the generator temperatures as input quantities, the anticipated output at the MPP can be calculated with an accuracy of about + 10%. This is too inaccurate for the MPP control, but entirely adequate for a plausibility test.
.
- ;, , 20~32~ ~' Before each entry of a supposed MPP into the data field, the actual generator output, calculated from the generator voltage and the generator current, is compared with the anticipated output by means of the previously mentioned calculation. If the actual ~
output deviates by not more than about 10% from the calculated one, the value i9 plausible and is entered in the data field;
if not, the search process is continued.
This plausibility test is also carried out before the value of a control signal is set by means of the tabulated values.
This prevents an incorrect operating point being set because o~
shading of the pilot cell or of the solar generator~ -It is evident that the energy, obtained with the help of the plant described and stored in the batteries 4, can serve not only for the propulsion of a propeller 1 serving for the propulsion of a ship, although being derived in particular from the object of the invention. The invention.can also find application in conjunc-tion with a land-based plant. In such a case, the d.c.-to-a.c.
converter 3 is not coupled to the electric motor 2 of the propeller 1, but the power produced is fed, for example, into an electrical grid instead of to the batteries 4. For example, a consumer, who is not connected to the electrical grid, is supplied with electricity, the installation operating rationally, because it -always wor~s at the maximum power point with respect to the practical requirements.
~,:
: .
,,
Claims (7)
1. An energy-generating plant, for which the electrical energy is supplied by a solar generator through a direct current converter, characterized in that, with the help of a microcomputer, the input resistance of the direct current converter is constantly adapted to the optimum power point (MPP) of the solar generator which changes depending on the solar irradiation and on the temperature of the solar cells.
2. The energy generating plant of claim 1, characterized by transducers for voltage and current at the output of the direct current converter for the calculation of the power delivered to the energy storage system by the microcomputer and characterized further by a control signal generator in the microcomputer, which, when there is a change in the power calculated from the voltage and the current, changes the input resistance of the direct current converter by a certain amount, so that the operating point corresponds to the MPP.
3. The energy generating plant of claim 2, characterized in that the microcomputer contains additional modules which, when the system is started up and when there is a change in the power measured by the transducers and delivered by the direct current converter to the energy storage system, initiate a search process by changing the control signal, the direction and step width being variable in order to attain the optimum power point of the solar generator within a specified operating range.
4. The energy generating plant of claim 3, characterized in that the microcomputer contains a data field, in which the MPP values found during the operation of the plant as represented by the values of the control signal and fixed by the values for the solar irradiation, measured at pilot cells, and the values for the temperature of the solar generator, measured with temperature sensors, are stored and, upon renewed initiation of the search process, the control signal is adjusted immediately to the value valid for the transient solar irradiation and generator temperature and corresponding to the MPP.
5. The energy generating plant of claim 4, characterized in that the microcomputer contains additional modules which conduct a plausibility test before each entry of the MPP values in the data field by a comparison of the generator output as calculated theoretically on the basis of the solar irradiation and the actual generator output, calculated from the values of the generator voltage and of the generator current, and which prevent values, which do not pass the plausibility test, from being taken up in the data field.
6. The energy generating plant of claim 5, characterized in that the microcomputer contains switching elements which cause the plausibility test to be carried out also before each adjust-ment of the value of the control signal on the basis of tabulated values, in order to prevent a false operating point being set due to shading of the pilot cell or the solar generator, and that, in the event that the values do not pass the plausibility test, the search process is started or continued, respectively.
7. The energy generating plant of claim 1 in conjunction with a ship's propulsion system with a propeller and an electric motor, which is supplied with energy from a storage system (battery), the charging energy of which is provided by the solar generator through the direct current converter.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4017860A DE4017860A1 (en) | 1990-06-02 | 1990-06-02 | ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEM, IN PARTICULAR PROPELLER SHIP DRIVE, WITH POWER FROM A SOLAR GENERATOR |
| DEP4017860.9 | 1990-06-02 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002043653A Division CA2043653A1 (en) | 1990-06-02 | 1991-05-31 | Energy-generating plant, particularly propeller-type ship's propulsion plant, supplied by a solar generator |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2063243A1 true CA2063243A1 (en) | 1991-12-03 |
Family
ID=6407734
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002063243A Abandoned CA2063243A1 (en) | 1990-06-02 | 1991-05-31 | Energy-generating plant, particularly propellor-type ship's propulsion plant, supplied by a solar generator |
| CA002043653A Abandoned CA2043653A1 (en) | 1990-06-02 | 1991-05-31 | Energy-generating plant, particularly propeller-type ship's propulsion plant, supplied by a solar generator |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002043653A Abandoned CA2043653A1 (en) | 1990-06-02 | 1991-05-31 | Energy-generating plant, particularly propeller-type ship's propulsion plant, supplied by a solar generator |
Country Status (16)
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| EP (1) | EP0460453A3 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0573162A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR920001079A (en) |
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| AU (1) | AU643018B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9102241A (en) |
| CA (2) | CA2063243A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4017860A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI912636A (en) |
| HU (1) | HU911757D0 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL98232A0 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO912063L (en) |
| PL (1) | PL290468A1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT97805A (en) |
| YU (1) | YU95991A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA914122B (en) |
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- 1991-05-30 ZA ZA914122A patent/ZA914122B/en unknown
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- 1991-05-31 CA CA002063243A patent/CA2063243A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 1991-05-31 JP JP3129292A patent/JPH0573162A/en active Pending
- 1991-05-31 CA CA002043653A patent/CA2043653A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0460453A3 (en) | 1992-12-16 |
| IL98232A0 (en) | 1992-06-21 |
| FI912636A0 (en) | 1991-05-31 |
| AU643018B2 (en) | 1993-11-04 |
| JPH0573162A (en) | 1993-03-26 |
| YU95991A (en) | 1994-11-15 |
| ZA914122B (en) | 1992-03-25 |
| NO912063L (en) | 1991-12-03 |
| PT97805A (en) | 1993-06-30 |
| FI912636A (en) | 1991-12-03 |
| NO912063D0 (en) | 1991-05-29 |
| CA2043653A1 (en) | 1991-12-03 |
| CN1060937A (en) | 1992-05-06 |
| EP0460453A2 (en) | 1991-12-11 |
| KR920001079A (en) | 1992-01-29 |
| BR9102241A (en) | 1992-01-07 |
| AU7735491A (en) | 1991-12-05 |
| DE4017860A1 (en) | 1991-12-05 |
| PL290468A1 (en) | 1992-08-10 |
| HU911757D0 (en) | 1991-12-30 |
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