CA2043653A1 - Energy-generating plant, particularly propeller-type ship's propulsion plant, supplied by a solar generator - Google Patents
Energy-generating plant, particularly propeller-type ship's propulsion plant, supplied by a solar generatorInfo
- Publication number
- CA2043653A1 CA2043653A1 CA002043653A CA2043653A CA2043653A1 CA 2043653 A1 CA2043653 A1 CA 2043653A1 CA 002043653 A CA002043653 A CA 002043653A CA 2043653 A CA2043653 A CA 2043653A CA 2043653 A1 CA2043653 A1 CA 2043653A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- generator
- values
- mpp
- solar
- energy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/12—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven
- B63H21/17—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven by electric motor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H23/00—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements
- B63H23/22—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with non-mechanical gearing
- B63H23/24—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with non-mechanical gearing electric
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/42—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ships or vessels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An energy-generating plant including a solar generator, having solar cells, for producing electrical energy. The electrical energy is supplied to a direct current converter, the output power of which may be used to charge an energy storage system, such as batteries. The input resistance of the direct current converter is adapted, such as by a microcomputer, to the maximum power point (MPP) of the solar generator, the MPP being dependent upon the solar insolation and the temperature of the solar cells. At start up of the plant, or when there is a change of power at the output of the direct current converter, a search process is carried out to attain the MPP of the solar generator.
The energy storage system may be used to energize an electric motor for driving the propeller of a ship.
An energy-generating plant including a solar generator, having solar cells, for producing electrical energy. The electrical energy is supplied to a direct current converter, the output power of which may be used to charge an energy storage system, such as batteries. The input resistance of the direct current converter is adapted, such as by a microcomputer, to the maximum power point (MPP) of the solar generator, the MPP being dependent upon the solar insolation and the temperature of the solar cells. At start up of the plant, or when there is a change of power at the output of the direct current converter, a search process is carried out to attain the MPP of the solar generator.
The energy storage system may be used to energize an electric motor for driving the propeller of a ship.
Description
ENERGY--GENER~TING PLl~ , P~TICUI~I3:L.Y
PROPE:LLER-TYPE ~3~IIP ' 8 P3'~0PIJL~3ION PLA~JT, '! :.
l3U~?PLI:ED 9Y A ~Ohl~ GBN$R~TOR
.:
This invention relates to an energy-generating plant supplied by a solar generator, the energy-generating plant being, in particular, a ship's propl71sion plant having a propeller. In the preferred case~ the propeller can ~e a ship's propeller, which propels the vessel directly, or it may be a turbinP wheel of a pump jet, with which the water is accelerated and caused to leave~the housing in such a manner that the water jet leaving the -' housing brings about the propulsion of the vessel. In the latter case, not only can the propulsion of the vessel be brought about, but the direction of travel cf the vessel can also be determined by changing the direction of the water jet leaving the housing.
Such propelling ystems, to which the invention relates, are generally known.
For the generation of energy, the use of solar generators, in which photovoltaic solar cells convert light into electric energy, is also known. If a photovoltaic solar . ,. 20 generator is u~ed for propulsion particularly of smaller vessels attention must be paid to the highest possible efficiency of the components used, in order to keep the area required for the solar generator and the weight of the energy storage system, the motor, and the propulsion system, as small as possible. In other words, . a propulsion system should be available which overall has a high efficiency~
Accordingly, it is an object o~the invention to provide a photovoltaic energy arrangement which obtains the maximum .,;...
' ,~
',' optimum enPrgy yield. For this purpose, it is necessa~y to operate the solar generator at its maximum power point (MPP?.
This is to be ensured with the invention without having the expense of operating the system at the MPP in an economically unjustifiable manner.
The invention is explained in greater detail helow with reference to the drawings.
It is a key featu~e of the invention to determine the maximum power point as a function of two parameters, namely, "the strength of the solar insolation" and the "temperature at the solar generator"; and to set the conditions for this operating point by means of a computer. The input resistance of a direct current converter is adapted for charging an energy storage device ~or supplying the power to the electric motor of, for example, a ship's propeller. These determining parameters are taken into consideration and, for practical purposes, there is an optimum utili~ation of the photovoltaics for the propulsion o~ a vessel.
In the drawings, by means o~ which the invention is ~0 described in greater detail:
F1gure 1 is a schematic diagram of the components of a photovoltaic boat propulsion system and for optimum energy management thereof, and Figure 2 indicates the generator characteristics in relation to tha working range of the direct current ~,, converter, in the form used as a ~omponent of the invention. ~
,,, . , - ,,, ''. ' ,' ' :' ~ ' 3 ~ 3 The propulsion system of a vessel (the vessel not being shown) includes a propeller 1, in an individual arrangement, or the propeller 1 as one of several similar propellers, is used.
The propell.er 1 is fixed on, and rotata~le with, the drive shaft o~ an electric motor 2. Electric energy is supplied to the electric motor 2 from a d.c.-to-a.c. converter ~, which draws electric energy fxom a number of batteries 4, which serve to store the energy of the system. The batteries 4 are charged with ^' electric energy by means of a direct current converter 5, the electric energy being obtained by means of a solar generator 6 having a plurality of solar cells.
Assigned to this system is a microcomputer 7, with a limiting value memory 8 and a data ~ield 9, to which are supplied, as input quantities, the generator voltage as signal 12, the generator current as signal 13, the battery voltage as signal 14, the ~a~tery charging current as signal 15, the . ;.
measured values of the pilot cells lO, which serve to measure the solar insolation, as signals 16 and 17, and the measured ~alue of the temperature sensor 11 at the solar generator as signal 18.
From the processing of these signals in the microcomputer 7, which contains a limiting value memory 8 and a data field 9, a control ~ignal 19 is obtained, which is supplied to the direct ;! current converter.
The~input resistance of the direct current converter 5 can be freely varied within a particular operating range. The output voltage of the converter follows the voltage of the .,:
, : . ,, :. . .... .. , .... ; , . , : : ., ,: :, ., .. : . , . . ,: .
3~3 , resistance is adjusted by m~ans of a control input. This control input forms the interface with th~ overriding microcomputer ... . .
system 7. The microcomputer is supplied with information from different measuring sites in the system.
Due to the nonlinearity of the characteristic line of the solar generator 6, which changes constantly, and the shape o~
~j .
which also changes, it is not possible to specify a nominal value ~or the design of a closed control loop with the direct current ; converter 5 as the ~inal control element.
~.~ In the propulsion system to be described, a control - algorithm is developed and programmed, which through successive optimizations operates the solar generator 6 at the maximum power .~ . . .
polnt, the MPP. In this system, the voltage and current are ' ~ measured at the output of the direct current converter 5 and J! supplied to the microcomputer 7. From these values, the power is calculated, which the direct current converter 5 delivers to the energy storage system 4. This power must be maximizPd in order to obtain optimum power and hence optimum energy yield of i~ the solar generator 6.
When the system is started up, the value of the control signal is set by the microcomputer 7 to an initial value, as is the input resistance of the direct current converter 5. Since ., .
the po ition o~ the valid MPP is not known, the values to which the control signal and the input resistance of the direct current converter must be changed, cannot be specified. The value of the ~! :
control signal is now increased with the larqest step width w and the voltage and current are measured once more and the power determined. If the power is greater, the search is in the right , - , ' ,:
~ ~3~F)3 more by the step width w and the voltage and current are mea6ured again. If the power becomes less, the search direction is wrong and the value of the control signal is decreased by the step width w. The voltage and current are measured once more and the calculated power is compared with the specified value.
Because the step width w is large, it does not take long to cover the charact~ristic line o~ the solar generator.
Moreover, the procedure ensures that any local maxima are skipped and the region o~ the absolute maximum is determined.
If now the operating point has exceeded the MPP, the direction of the search is reversed and the MPP is traYersed in the opposite direction. ~he operating point thus oscillates about the actual MPP. Because of the large step width, the operating point is still ralatively far removed from the actual MPP. If now, as described above, the MPP is traversed once in both directions, then the step width w is halved and the optimization is continuad. This halving of the step width is continu~d up to the smallest possible step width. In this way, the operating point is brought as slose as possible to the MPP.
If the power yield does not change and the position of the MPP remains stable, the actual operating point oscillates about the MPP with the smallest possible step width, due to the discrete adjustments of the value of the control signal. The MPP
can therefore never be determined exactly. A region of maximum power is determined and the actual maximum lies in the center of this region.;
A limiting value memory is now i~troduced, in which the last two reversal points of the region of maximum power are ` ~` 6 s~ 3 ~:
the MPP, is thus always known. At the end o~ a search p~ocess, that is, when the step width is a minimum, the searching process is interrupted as long as the power yield remains constant and the arithmetic mean is calculated from the two limiting values of the last valid range of maximum power. This arithmetic mean is th~ value ~or the control signal of the instantaneous MPP and is set at the direct current converter.
The search process is switched of~ until the power yield changes by a value to be established, that is, until the position of the MPP has changed. In order to attain an accurate setting of the new MPP as quickly as possible when there have been small changes, the searching process is continued with the smallest : , step width. Only after a predetermined number of search steps in the same direction is the step width doubled, at most to the largest step width w. In order to accelerate the optimization process in the further operation, the MPP values found are filed in a data field. For the identification of the MPP, on the one hand, and the value of the control signal, on the other, the ~alues of the solar insolation and the generator temperature are , 20 required as the determlning parameters for the position of the MPP.
.
The solar insolation is determined with the help of at least one so-called pilot cell 10. The pilot cell is an accurately calibrated reference cell, which is operated in the shorted state. The short-circuit current is a direct measure of the magnitude of the solar insolation, which can actually be processed by a photovoltaic solar genèrator 6. With respect to the solar insolatlon, the pilot cell is in the same position as .. ..
', ' .
of the g~nerator, so that the same prerequisitss can be as umed.
For reasons of replication, it is advisable to use at least two pilot cells 10.
The generator temperature is measured with two temperature sensors 11, which are glued to the rear of the solar generator 6 at various places. ThesP values are also supplied to the microcomputer 7, so that the measured insolation and temperature of the solar generator can be stated for each operating point.
Each MPP found, an MPP being regarded as found when it was possible to terminate the search process, is filed in the data field. In so doing, the value of the control signal for this MPP is filed in the field elem~nt, and the index values for the determination of the field element are the value o~ the solar insolation and the value of the generator temperature. -~
The "short circuit current" index values, as a measure o~ the solar insolation, are filed as absolute values in the data field. On ~he other hand, the "generator temperature" index values are filed as values relative to the actual generator temperature and are limited to a temperature range of ~ X~C. A
temperature window o~ a particular size is fixed by these means. ~;
MPP values outside of this temperature window are cleared, so that MPP values, invalid due to temperature fluctuations, disappear from the data field and are replaced by valid values.
By these means, the ageing of the generator or of other relevant ... .
components,~, of the system are automatically taken into consideration.
I~ now the search process is started, or started anew, ;~
.
., , . .... . . . ,, ., ~ . . . . .
9 ~ 3 - If the final chargin~ voltage is reached when the battery is fully charged, the input resistance of the direct current converter 3 is shifted in the direction of a no load operation, I in order to prevent any overloading of the solar generator 6.
¦ The microcomputer no longer has the a~ility to search for or set the MPP. When the final charging volta~e is reached, the entry I of the supposed MPP values in the data field is prevented.
¦ It is evident that the energy, obtained with the help of the plant described and stored in the batteries 4~ can serve not 1 10 only for the propulsion of propeller 1 ser~ing for the propulsion -~; of a ship. The invention can also find application in conjunction with a land-based plant. In such a case, the d.c-to-a.c. converter 3 is not coupled to the electric motor 2 of the I propeller 1, but the power produced is fed, for example, into an I electrical networX instead of to the batteries 4. For example, a consumer, who is not connected to the electrical network, is supplied with electricity, the installation operating rationally, because it always works at the maxi.mum power point with respect to the pract}cal requlremoots.
-.
~' ,, ' ` . . . ..
, . . ~. . . .. ~ , . . ` ~ .
.
PROPE:LLER-TYPE ~3~IIP ' 8 P3'~0PIJL~3ION PLA~JT, '! :.
l3U~?PLI:ED 9Y A ~Ohl~ GBN$R~TOR
.:
This invention relates to an energy-generating plant supplied by a solar generator, the energy-generating plant being, in particular, a ship's propl71sion plant having a propeller. In the preferred case~ the propeller can ~e a ship's propeller, which propels the vessel directly, or it may be a turbinP wheel of a pump jet, with which the water is accelerated and caused to leave~the housing in such a manner that the water jet leaving the -' housing brings about the propulsion of the vessel. In the latter case, not only can the propulsion of the vessel be brought about, but the direction of travel cf the vessel can also be determined by changing the direction of the water jet leaving the housing.
Such propelling ystems, to which the invention relates, are generally known.
For the generation of energy, the use of solar generators, in which photovoltaic solar cells convert light into electric energy, is also known. If a photovoltaic solar . ,. 20 generator is u~ed for propulsion particularly of smaller vessels attention must be paid to the highest possible efficiency of the components used, in order to keep the area required for the solar generator and the weight of the energy storage system, the motor, and the propulsion system, as small as possible. In other words, . a propulsion system should be available which overall has a high efficiency~
Accordingly, it is an object o~the invention to provide a photovoltaic energy arrangement which obtains the maximum .,;...
' ,~
',' optimum enPrgy yield. For this purpose, it is necessa~y to operate the solar generator at its maximum power point (MPP?.
This is to be ensured with the invention without having the expense of operating the system at the MPP in an economically unjustifiable manner.
The invention is explained in greater detail helow with reference to the drawings.
It is a key featu~e of the invention to determine the maximum power point as a function of two parameters, namely, "the strength of the solar insolation" and the "temperature at the solar generator"; and to set the conditions for this operating point by means of a computer. The input resistance of a direct current converter is adapted for charging an energy storage device ~or supplying the power to the electric motor of, for example, a ship's propeller. These determining parameters are taken into consideration and, for practical purposes, there is an optimum utili~ation of the photovoltaics for the propulsion o~ a vessel.
In the drawings, by means o~ which the invention is ~0 described in greater detail:
F1gure 1 is a schematic diagram of the components of a photovoltaic boat propulsion system and for optimum energy management thereof, and Figure 2 indicates the generator characteristics in relation to tha working range of the direct current ~,, converter, in the form used as a ~omponent of the invention. ~
,,, . , - ,,, ''. ' ,' ' :' ~ ' 3 ~ 3 The propulsion system of a vessel (the vessel not being shown) includes a propeller 1, in an individual arrangement, or the propeller 1 as one of several similar propellers, is used.
The propell.er 1 is fixed on, and rotata~le with, the drive shaft o~ an electric motor 2. Electric energy is supplied to the electric motor 2 from a d.c.-to-a.c. converter ~, which draws electric energy fxom a number of batteries 4, which serve to store the energy of the system. The batteries 4 are charged with ^' electric energy by means of a direct current converter 5, the electric energy being obtained by means of a solar generator 6 having a plurality of solar cells.
Assigned to this system is a microcomputer 7, with a limiting value memory 8 and a data ~ield 9, to which are supplied, as input quantities, the generator voltage as signal 12, the generator current as signal 13, the battery voltage as signal 14, the ~a~tery charging current as signal 15, the . ;.
measured values of the pilot cells lO, which serve to measure the solar insolation, as signals 16 and 17, and the measured ~alue of the temperature sensor 11 at the solar generator as signal 18.
From the processing of these signals in the microcomputer 7, which contains a limiting value memory 8 and a data field 9, a control ~ignal 19 is obtained, which is supplied to the direct ;! current converter.
The~input resistance of the direct current converter 5 can be freely varied within a particular operating range. The output voltage of the converter follows the voltage of the .,:
, : . ,, :. . .... .. , .... ; , . , : : ., ,: :, ., .. : . , . . ,: .
3~3 , resistance is adjusted by m~ans of a control input. This control input forms the interface with th~ overriding microcomputer ... . .
system 7. The microcomputer is supplied with information from different measuring sites in the system.
Due to the nonlinearity of the characteristic line of the solar generator 6, which changes constantly, and the shape o~
~j .
which also changes, it is not possible to specify a nominal value ~or the design of a closed control loop with the direct current ; converter 5 as the ~inal control element.
~.~ In the propulsion system to be described, a control - algorithm is developed and programmed, which through successive optimizations operates the solar generator 6 at the maximum power .~ . . .
polnt, the MPP. In this system, the voltage and current are ' ~ measured at the output of the direct current converter 5 and J! supplied to the microcomputer 7. From these values, the power is calculated, which the direct current converter 5 delivers to the energy storage system 4. This power must be maximizPd in order to obtain optimum power and hence optimum energy yield of i~ the solar generator 6.
When the system is started up, the value of the control signal is set by the microcomputer 7 to an initial value, as is the input resistance of the direct current converter 5. Since ., .
the po ition o~ the valid MPP is not known, the values to which the control signal and the input resistance of the direct current converter must be changed, cannot be specified. The value of the ~! :
control signal is now increased with the larqest step width w and the voltage and current are measured once more and the power determined. If the power is greater, the search is in the right , - , ' ,:
~ ~3~F)3 more by the step width w and the voltage and current are mea6ured again. If the power becomes less, the search direction is wrong and the value of the control signal is decreased by the step width w. The voltage and current are measured once more and the calculated power is compared with the specified value.
Because the step width w is large, it does not take long to cover the charact~ristic line o~ the solar generator.
Moreover, the procedure ensures that any local maxima are skipped and the region o~ the absolute maximum is determined.
If now the operating point has exceeded the MPP, the direction of the search is reversed and the MPP is traYersed in the opposite direction. ~he operating point thus oscillates about the actual MPP. Because of the large step width, the operating point is still ralatively far removed from the actual MPP. If now, as described above, the MPP is traversed once in both directions, then the step width w is halved and the optimization is continuad. This halving of the step width is continu~d up to the smallest possible step width. In this way, the operating point is brought as slose as possible to the MPP.
If the power yield does not change and the position of the MPP remains stable, the actual operating point oscillates about the MPP with the smallest possible step width, due to the discrete adjustments of the value of the control signal. The MPP
can therefore never be determined exactly. A region of maximum power is determined and the actual maximum lies in the center of this region.;
A limiting value memory is now i~troduced, in which the last two reversal points of the region of maximum power are ` ~` 6 s~ 3 ~:
the MPP, is thus always known. At the end o~ a search p~ocess, that is, when the step width is a minimum, the searching process is interrupted as long as the power yield remains constant and the arithmetic mean is calculated from the two limiting values of the last valid range of maximum power. This arithmetic mean is th~ value ~or the control signal of the instantaneous MPP and is set at the direct current converter.
The search process is switched of~ until the power yield changes by a value to be established, that is, until the position of the MPP has changed. In order to attain an accurate setting of the new MPP as quickly as possible when there have been small changes, the searching process is continued with the smallest : , step width. Only after a predetermined number of search steps in the same direction is the step width doubled, at most to the largest step width w. In order to accelerate the optimization process in the further operation, the MPP values found are filed in a data field. For the identification of the MPP, on the one hand, and the value of the control signal, on the other, the ~alues of the solar insolation and the generator temperature are , 20 required as the determlning parameters for the position of the MPP.
.
The solar insolation is determined with the help of at least one so-called pilot cell 10. The pilot cell is an accurately calibrated reference cell, which is operated in the shorted state. The short-circuit current is a direct measure of the magnitude of the solar insolation, which can actually be processed by a photovoltaic solar genèrator 6. With respect to the solar insolatlon, the pilot cell is in the same position as .. ..
', ' .
of the g~nerator, so that the same prerequisitss can be as umed.
For reasons of replication, it is advisable to use at least two pilot cells 10.
The generator temperature is measured with two temperature sensors 11, which are glued to the rear of the solar generator 6 at various places. ThesP values are also supplied to the microcomputer 7, so that the measured insolation and temperature of the solar generator can be stated for each operating point.
Each MPP found, an MPP being regarded as found when it was possible to terminate the search process, is filed in the data field. In so doing, the value of the control signal for this MPP is filed in the field elem~nt, and the index values for the determination of the field element are the value o~ the solar insolation and the value of the generator temperature. -~
The "short circuit current" index values, as a measure o~ the solar insolation, are filed as absolute values in the data field. On ~he other hand, the "generator temperature" index values are filed as values relative to the actual generator temperature and are limited to a temperature range of ~ X~C. A
temperature window o~ a particular size is fixed by these means. ~;
MPP values outside of this temperature window are cleared, so that MPP values, invalid due to temperature fluctuations, disappear from the data field and are replaced by valid values.
By these means, the ageing of the generator or of other relevant ... .
components,~, of the system are automatically taken into consideration.
I~ now the search process is started, or started anew, ;~
.
., , . .... . . . ,, ., ~ . . . . .
9 ~ 3 - If the final chargin~ voltage is reached when the battery is fully charged, the input resistance of the direct current converter 3 is shifted in the direction of a no load operation, I in order to prevent any overloading of the solar generator 6.
¦ The microcomputer no longer has the a~ility to search for or set the MPP. When the final charging volta~e is reached, the entry I of the supposed MPP values in the data field is prevented.
¦ It is evident that the energy, obtained with the help of the plant described and stored in the batteries 4~ can serve not 1 10 only for the propulsion of propeller 1 ser~ing for the propulsion -~; of a ship. The invention can also find application in conjunction with a land-based plant. In such a case, the d.c-to-a.c. converter 3 is not coupled to the electric motor 2 of the I propeller 1, but the power produced is fed, for example, into an I electrical networX instead of to the batteries 4. For example, a consumer, who is not connected to the electrical network, is supplied with electricity, the installation operating rationally, because it always works at the maxi.mum power point with respect to the pract}cal requlremoots.
-.
~' ,, ' ` . . . ..
, . . ~. . . .. ~ , . . ` ~ .
.
Claims (11)
1. An energy-generating plant, for which the electrical energy is supplied by a solar generator by way of a direct current converter, characterized in that, with the help of a microcomputer, the input resistance of the direct current converter is constantly adapted to the maximum power point (MPP) of the solar generator, which depends on the solar insolation and on the temperature of the solar cells.
2. The energy generating plant of claim 1, characterized by sensors for voltage and current at the output of the direct current converter for the calculation of the power delivered to the energy storage system in the microcomputer and characterized further by a control signal generator in the microcomputer, which, when there is a change in the power calculated from the voltage and the current, changes the input resistance of the direct current converter by a certain amount, so that the operating point corresponds to the MPP.
3. The energy generating plant of claim 1, characterized in that, when the system is started up and when there is a change in the power measured by the sensors and delivered by the direct current converter to the energy storage system, a search process is initiated by changing the control signal, the direction and step width being variable in order to attain the maximum power point of the solar generator within a specified operating range.
4. The energy generating plant of claim 1, characterized in that the microcomputer contains a limiting value memory, with output of the solar generator and, as arithmetic mean of the limiting points of this range, the exact value of the MPP are determined and the control signal is adjusted to this value.
5. The energy generating plant of claim 1, characterized in that the microcomputer contains a data field, in which the MPP
values, which are found while the plant is operating, are represented by the values of the control signal and fixed by the values for the solar insolation, measured at pilot cells, and the values for the temperature of the solar generator, measured with temperature sensors, are stored and, upon renewed initiation of the search process, the control signal is adjusted immediately to the value valid for the transient solar insolation and generator temperature and corresponding to the MPP.
values, which are found while the plant is operating, are represented by the values of the control signal and fixed by the values for the solar insolation, measured at pilot cells, and the values for the temperature of the solar generator, measured with temperature sensors, are stored and, upon renewed initiation of the search process, the control signal is adjusted immediately to the value valid for the transient solar insolation and generator temperature and corresponding to the MPP.
6. The energy generating plant of claim 1, characterized in that the values for the generator temperature, measured with temperature sensors, remain stored in the data field as index values for the MPP values found only within a range of ? X°C that is to be established about the. instantaneous generator temperature and that the MPP values found, the temperature values of which fall outside of this range, are also cleared, so that old and possibly invalid MPP values, caused by temperature fluctuations of the generator, are cleared and, with that, the ageing of the solar generator or of other important components of the system is determined and automatically compensated for.
7. The energy generating plant of claim 1, characterized in that, before each entry of the MPP values in the data field, a plausibility test is carried out by the microcomputer by a comparison of the generator output, calculated theoretically by the actual generator output, calculated from the values of the generator voltage and of the generator current, and that values, which do not pass the plausibility test, are not taken up in the data field.
8. The energy generating plant of claim 6, characterized in that the plausibility test is also carried out before each adjustment of the value of the control signal by means of tabulated values, in order to prevent a false operating point being set due to shading of the pilot cell or the solar generator, and that, in the event that the values do not pass the plausibility test, the search process is started once again or continued.
9. The energy generating plant of claim l in conjunction with a ship's propulsion system with a propeller and an electric motor, which is supplied with energy from a storage system (battery), the charging energy of which is provided by the solar generator by way of the direct current converter.
10. The energy generating plant of claim 9, characterized in that the value of the control signal is changed in the direction of a no-load voltage of the solar generator, when the final charging voltage of the batteries, measured at the sensor, is reached.
11. The energy generating plant of claim 10, characterized in that the entry of values into the data field is prevented when the final charging voltage of the batteries is reached.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4017860A DE4017860A1 (en) | 1990-06-02 | 1990-06-02 | ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEM, IN PARTICULAR PROPELLER SHIP DRIVE, WITH POWER FROM A SOLAR GENERATOR |
| DEP4017860.9 | 1990-06-02 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002063243A Division CA2063243A1 (en) | 1990-06-02 | 1991-05-31 | Energy-generating plant, particularly propellor-type ship's propulsion plant, supplied by a solar generator |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2043653A1 true CA2043653A1 (en) | 1991-12-03 |
Family
ID=6407734
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002063243A Abandoned CA2063243A1 (en) | 1990-06-02 | 1991-05-31 | Energy-generating plant, particularly propellor-type ship's propulsion plant, supplied by a solar generator |
| CA002043653A Abandoned CA2043653A1 (en) | 1990-06-02 | 1991-05-31 | Energy-generating plant, particularly propeller-type ship's propulsion plant, supplied by a solar generator |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002063243A Abandoned CA2063243A1 (en) | 1990-06-02 | 1991-05-31 | Energy-generating plant, particularly propellor-type ship's propulsion plant, supplied by a solar generator |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0460453A3 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0573162A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR920001079A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1060937A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU643018B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9102241A (en) |
| CA (2) | CA2063243A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4017860A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI912636A (en) |
| HU (1) | HU911757D0 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL98232A0 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO912063L (en) |
| PL (1) | PL290468A1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT97805A (en) |
| YU (1) | YU95991A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA914122B (en) |
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-
1990
- 1990-06-02 DE DE4017860A patent/DE4017860A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1991
- 1991-05-22 EP EP19910108253 patent/EP0460453A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-05-23 IL IL98232A patent/IL98232A0/en unknown
- 1991-05-24 HU HU911757A patent/HU911757D0/en unknown
- 1991-05-27 AU AU77354/91A patent/AU643018B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-05-29 NO NO91912063A patent/NO912063L/en unknown
- 1991-05-29 PL PL29046891A patent/PL290468A1/en unknown
- 1991-05-30 YU YU95991A patent/YU95991A/en unknown
- 1991-05-30 ZA ZA914122A patent/ZA914122B/en unknown
- 1991-05-31 FI FI912636A patent/FI912636A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-05-31 CA CA002063243A patent/CA2063243A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-05-31 PT PT97805A patent/PT97805A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-05-31 JP JP3129292A patent/JPH0573162A/en active Pending
- 1991-05-31 BR BR919102241A patent/BR9102241A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-05-31 CA CA002043653A patent/CA2043653A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-06-01 CN CN91103650A patent/CN1060937A/en active Pending
- 1991-06-03 KR KR1019910009167A patent/KR920001079A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA914122B (en) | 1992-03-25 |
| PT97805A (en) | 1993-06-30 |
| NO912063D0 (en) | 1991-05-29 |
| HU911757D0 (en) | 1991-12-30 |
| AU7735491A (en) | 1991-12-05 |
| JPH0573162A (en) | 1993-03-26 |
| KR920001079A (en) | 1992-01-29 |
| DE4017860A1 (en) | 1991-12-05 |
| BR9102241A (en) | 1992-01-07 |
| YU95991A (en) | 1994-11-15 |
| PL290468A1 (en) | 1992-08-10 |
| FI912636A0 (en) | 1991-05-31 |
| EP0460453A2 (en) | 1991-12-11 |
| AU643018B2 (en) | 1993-11-04 |
| NO912063L (en) | 1991-12-03 |
| CA2063243A1 (en) | 1991-12-03 |
| CN1060937A (en) | 1992-05-06 |
| FI912636A (en) | 1991-12-03 |
| EP0460453A3 (en) | 1992-12-16 |
| IL98232A0 (en) | 1992-06-21 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |