ZA200709380B - Production of membranes - Google Patents
Production of membranes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ZA200709380B ZA200709380B ZA200709380A ZA200709380A ZA200709380B ZA 200709380 B ZA200709380 B ZA 200709380B ZA 200709380 A ZA200709380 A ZA 200709380A ZA 200709380 A ZA200709380 A ZA 200709380A ZA 200709380 B ZA200709380 B ZA 200709380B
- Authority
- ZA
- South Africa
- Prior art keywords
- base material
- mixture
- modifying agent
- blend
- polymeric
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003443 antiviral agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- RYECOJGRJDOGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylurea Chemical compound CCNC(N)=O RYECOJGRJDOGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000010128 melt processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000945 Amylopectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000206761 Bacillariophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical class [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010096 film blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
- C08L75/08—Polyurethanes from polyethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L71/02—Polyalkylene oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
- C08K3/013—Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L3/00—Compositions of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
- C08L3/12—Amylose; Amylopectin; Degradation products thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Description
¢ *+2007709380
Cw
THIS INVENTION relates, broadly, to the production of membranes which are relatively impervious, ie have a relatively low permeability, with regard to liquid water, but which are relatively permeable, ie have a relatively high permeability, with regard to water vapour. More particularly, the invention relates to a polymeric composition for use in making such membranes; to a method of making such membranes; and to such membranes comprising said polymeric composition.
According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a polymeric composition for use in making membranes which are relatively impervious to liquid water, but which are relatively pervious to water vapour, the polymeric composition comprising a mixture or blend of a thermoplastic polymeric plastics base material and a modifying agent which reduces the stickiness or tackiness of the base material, the modifying agent forming 5 — 40% by mass of the blend or mixture, and the base material forming 60-95% by mass of the blend or mixture. it is well-known to persons skilled in the art that barrier membranes of the type in question, suitable for example for use in waterproof clothing or rainwear which breathes with regard to gases and vapours, are characterized by desirably low permeability to liquid water, to which they form a relatively impervious barrier, on the one hand, and by desirably high permeability with regard to water vapour, to which they form a relatively pervious barrier, on the other hand. Generally, the permeability of such membranes with regard to water vapour should be at least 100 times higher than the permeability of such membranes with regard to liquid water.
The base material may be selected from the group of thermoplastic elastomers - consisting of polyurethanes, polyamides, polyesters, blends of two or more thereof,
C:\MSWord\MyDocuments\CSIR-BreathingMembrane\Eil 31/10/2007 copolymers of two or more thereof, and copolymers of one or more thereof with one or more polyethers.
The base material is preferably hydrophilic. Preferred base materials include hydrophilic elastomeric base materials selected from the group consisting of polyurethanes, polyesters, blends of two or more thereof, copolymers of two or more thereof, and copolymers of one or more thereof with one or more polyethers, in particular base materials which comprise both hard segments and soft segments being suitable. The base material will typically form the balance, by mass, of the composition according to the invention, excluding the modifying agent and excluding any additives such as the additives mentioned hereunder, the base material usually forming 60 — 90% by mass, preferably 70 — 80%, of the composition, and the modifying agent preferably forming 20 — 30% thereof.
In turn the modifying agent may be selected from the group of natural and semi- synthetic linear hydrophilic thermoplastic materials consisting of polysaccharides (such as cellulose and its derivatives and starch and it derivatives), porous materials (such as diatomites, hydrotalcites, modified diatomites and hydrotalcites and nanoparticulate clays), and blends or mixtures of any two or more thereof. Naturally, synthetic materials may be used instead, provided that, if they are thermoplastic, they have the appropriate properties mentioned above such as the required hydrophilicity and the required linearity, and provided that, if they are not : thermoplastic, they have the required porosity.
The polymeric composition of the present invention comprising the blend of the base material and the modifying agent is preferably a substantially homogeneous blend/mixture and may include various additives dispersed therein, preferably homogeneously, which may be selected from the group consisting of compatibilizers for assisting in mixing of the base material and the modifying agent during blending of the composition, flame retardants, pigments, bactericides, fungicides, antiviral agents and fillers such as calcium carbonate particles or vermiculite.. These additives will typically be used in the usual proportions known in the art. However, in particular filler particles, when used, may form from 1 — 30% by mass of the
C:\MSWord\MyDocuments\CSIR-BreathingMembrane\Eil 31/10/2007
@ 82007/053 54 polymeric composition; and the filler particles will typically have particle size of the usual value encountered in the art.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of making the polymeric composition of the present invention, the method comprising the steps of: melting the polymeric base material; and admixing the molten polymeric base material with the modifying agent.
If the modifying agent is thermoplastic the method may include melting the modifying agent before mixing it with the molten base material. The mixing is preferably until substantially homogeneous.
The mixing may involve the preliminary step of mixing together the base material and modifying agent in particulate from, conveniently in peliet from or in powder form, followed by subjecting the base material (and the modifying agent if thermoplastic) to : melting, in turn followed by subjecting the mixture containing the molten base material to shear, for example by extruding the mixture, to render the mixture into a substantially homogeneous mix, the molten material then being allowed to solidify, after which, for convenience, the mixture can be pelletized. Once again, if the modifying agent is thermoplastic, it is preferably melted together with the base material, the homogeneous mix, after it has been subjected to shear, being allowed to solidify.
As a preliminary step, when the modifying agent is starch, it may be rendered in- - thermoplastic from by melt-processing it with water and glycerol, together optionally with the usual optional additives such as stearates or the like, which melt-processing plasticizes the starch while rendering it thermoplastic so that miscibility and blending thereof with the polymeric base material is promoted. So : The invention extends to a membrane which is relatively impervious to liquid water but is relatively pervious to water vapour, the membrane having a thickness in the range 10-90um and comprising a polymeric composition in accordance with the
C:\MSWord\MyDocuments\CSIR-BreathingMembrane\Eil 31/10/2007 present invention as defined above, being a blend or mixture of said polymeric base material and said modifying agent.
The invention extends further to a method of making the above membrane, the method comprising the steps of forming a film from the composition, and subjecting the film to stretching.
While forming the film may in principle be by casting, it is preferably by blowing. E
The invention will now be described, by way of non-limiting illustrative Example, with reference to the following Examples:
EXAMPLE 1 :
An amount of 1kg of Amioca (trade name) starch (100% amylopectin starch), obtained from National Starch and Chemical Company of Bridgewater, New Jersey,
USA, was mixed with 4kg of a copolymer of a polyether and a polyurethane, the copolymer being available from Dow Chemical Company of Midland, Michigan, USA, and being marketed under the trade name “Pellethane 2103-70A". The mixture was extruded in a co-rotating twin screw extruder with a L/D (length:diameter ratio) of 42 using a flat temperature profile of 160°C and a screw speed of 150 rpm followed by pelletizing with a side-cutting pelletizer. The pelletized material was fed into a film blower with a flat temperature profile of 175°C, from which a film with a thickness of about 22um was obtained. Water vapour permeation through the film was measured using the Spanish FNM 817 method employing an aluminium cup with a 35mm - 25 internal height and 65mm internal diameter, the permeation obtained being about 2772 g/m2.day, that of pure Peliethane being about 2353 g/m2.day for a 27um film.
Liquid water permeation remained substantially unchanged.
EXAMPLE 2
An amount of 1kg of flux calcinated diatomite (fossilised diatoms), obtained from
FRM Minerals of 15 Adcock Street, Chamdor, South Africa, was mixed with 4kg of
Pellethane 2103-70A. The mixture was extruded employing the same method as in
Example 1 followed by film blowing to obtain a thickness of about 28um. Water vapour permeation measured in the same way as in Example 1 was found to be
CAMSWordWyDocuments\CSIR BreaiingMembraniE 31/10/2007
Eomtrgyem, - about 2130g/m?.day, that of pure Pellethane being about 2353g/m?.day for-a 27um film. Liquid water permeation again remained substantially unchanged.
C:\MSWord\WMyDocuments\CSIR-BreathingMembrane\Eii 31/10/2007
Claims (16)
- CLAIMS NUS“1. A polymeric composition for use in making membranes which -are relatively impervious to liquid water, but which are relatively pervious to water vapour, the polymeric composition comprising a mixture or blend of a thermoplastic polymeric plastics base material and a modifying agent which reduces the stickiness or tackiness of the base material, the modifying agent forming 5-40% by mass of the blend or mixture, and the base material forming 60-95% by mass of the blend or mixture. :
- 2. A composition according to Claim 1, wherein the base material is selected from the group of thermoplastic elastomers consisting of polyurethanes, polyamides, polyesters, blends of two or more thereof, copolymers of two or more thereof, and copolymers of one or more thereof with one or more polyethers.
- 3. A composition according to Claim 2, wherein the base material is hydrophilic.
- 4. A composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 3 inclusive, wherein the base material forms 70-80% by mass of the composition, while the modifying : agent forms 20-30% by mass thereof.
- 5. A composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 4 inclusive, wherein the modifying agent is selected from the group of natural and semi-synthetic linear hydrophilic thermoplastic materials consisting of polysaccharides, porous materials, and blends or mixtures thereof.
- 6. A composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 4 inclusive, wherein the modifying agent is a synthetic material.
- 7. A composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 6 inclusive, wherein the mixture or blend is substantially homogeneous, and which includes, dispersed therein, at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a compatibilizer C:\MSWord\MyDocuments\CSIR-BreathingMembrane\Eil 31/10/2007* %22007/ 09380 for assisting in mixing of the base material and the modifying agent during blending oo | of the composition, a flame retardant, a pigment, a bactericide, a fungicide, an antiviral agent and a filler.
- 8. A method of making a polymeric composition for use in making membranes which are relatively impervious to liquid water, but which are relatively pervious to water vapour, the method comprising the steps of: : melting a thermoplastic polymeric plastics base material; and admixing the molten polymeric base material with a modifying agent which reduces the stickiness or tackiness of the base material, the modifying agent forming 5-40% by mass of the blend or mixture, and the base material forming 60-95% by mass of the blend or mixture.
- 9. A method according to Claim 8, wherein the mixing involves the preliminary step of mixing together the base material and the modifying agent in particulate from, subjecting the mixture of the base material and the modifying agent to melting, subjecting the mixture containing the molten base material to shear, to render the mixture into a substantially homogeneous mix, allowing the molten material to solidify, and thereafter pelletizing the mixture.
- 10. A membrane which is relatively impervious to liquid water but is relatively pervious to water vapour, the membrane having a thickness in the range 10-90um and comprising a polymeric composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 7 inclusive, being a blend or mixture of the polymeric base material and the modifying agent.
- 11. A method of making the membrane as claimed in Claim 10, the method comprising the steps of forming a film from the composition, and subjecting the film to stretching.
- 12. A method according to Claim 11, wherein forming the film is by blowing. C:\MSWord\MyDocuments\CSIR-BreathingMembrane\Eil 31/10/20079 Fomor,
- 13. A polymeric composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, substantially as herein described and illustrated, with reference to the examples.
- 14. A method of making a polymeric composition according to Claim 8 or Claim 9, substantially as herein described and illustrated, with reference to the examples.
- 15. A membrane according to Claim 10, substantially as herein described and illustrated, with reference to the examples.
- 16. A method of making a membrane according to Claim 11 or Claim 12, substantially as herein described and illustrated, with reference to the examples. DATED THIS 31ST DAY OF OCTOBER 2007. Pos APPLICANTS PATENT ORNEYS C:\MSWord\MyDocuments\CSIR-BreathingMembrane\Eil 31/10/2007
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200709380A ZA200709380B (en) | 2006-11-24 | 2007-10-31 | Production of membranes |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200609832 | 2006-11-24 | ||
| ZA200709380A ZA200709380B (en) | 2006-11-24 | 2007-10-31 | Production of membranes |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ZA200709380B true ZA200709380B (en) | 2008-11-26 |
Family
ID=39323600
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200709380A ZA200709380B (en) | 2006-11-24 | 2007-10-31 | Production of membranes |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2008062381A2 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200709380B (en) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3428111A1 (en) * | 1983-09-14 | 1985-03-28 | VEB Synthesewerk Schwarzheide Kombinat SYS, DDR 7817 Schwarzheide | Non-blocking thermoplastic polyurethanes |
| JP3423062B2 (en) * | 1994-04-08 | 2003-07-07 | 丸山工業株式会社 | Polyester elastomer composition for calendering |
| JP3577578B2 (en) * | 1998-01-06 | 2004-10-13 | 株式会社三ツ星 | Composite of fluororubber-based thermoplastic elastomer and molded article thereof |
| JP4136098B2 (en) * | 1998-08-05 | 2008-08-20 | 大倉工業株式会社 | Thermoplastic polyurethane composition with excellent heat resistance |
| US6720049B2 (en) * | 2002-06-07 | 2004-04-13 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Thin-walled polyurethane articles |
-
2007
- 2007-10-31 ZA ZA200709380A patent/ZA200709380B/en unknown
- 2007-11-23 WO PCT/IB2007/054761 patent/WO2008062381A2/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2008062381A3 (en) | 2008-07-24 |
| WO2008062381A2 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
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