ZA200606597B - Substituted heteroaryl-and phenylsulfamoyl compounds - Google Patents

Description

A-

SUBSTITUTED HETEROARYL- AND PHENYLSULFAMOYL COMPOUNDS

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

The present invention relates to substituted heteroaryl- and phenylsulfamoyl- compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and the use of such compounds as peroxisome proliferator activator receptor (PPAR) agonists. The subject compounds are particularly useful as PPARa agonists and to treat atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis and Syndrome

X (also known as metabolic syndrome) in mammals, including humans. The compounds are also useful for the treatment of negative energy balance (NEB) and associated diseases in ruminants.

Atherosclerosis, a disease of the arteries, is recognized to be the leading cause of death in the United States and Western Europe. The pathological sequence leading to atherosclerosis and occlusive hear disease is well known. The earliest stage in this sequence is the formation of “fatty streaks" in the carotid, coronary and cerebral arteries and in the aorta.

These lesions are yellow in color due to the presence of lipid deposits found principally within smooth-muscle cells and In macrophages of the intima layer of the arteries and aorta. Further, it is postulated that most of the cholesterol found within the fatty streaks, in turn, gives rise to development of the “fibrous plague,” which consists of accumulated intimal smooth muscle cells laden with lipid and surrounded by exitra-cellular lipid, collagen, elastin and proteoglycans. These cells plus matrix form a fibrous cap that covers a deeper deposit of cell debris and more extracellular lipid. The lipid is primarily free and esterified cholesterol. The fibrous plaque forms siowly, and is likely in time to become calcified and necrotic, advancing to the "complicated lesion,” which accounts for the arterial occlusion and tendency toward mural thrombosis and arterial muscle spasm that characterize advanced atherosclerosis.

Epidemiological evidence has firmly established hyperlipidemia as a primary risk factor in causing cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to atherosclerosis. in recent years, leaders of the medical profession have placed renewed emphasis on lowering plasma cholesterol levels, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in particular, as an essential step in prevention of CVD. The upper limits of “normal” are now known to be significantly lower than heretofore appreciated. As a result, large segments of Westem populations are now realized to be at particularly high risk. Additional independent risk factors include glucose intolerance, left ventricular hypertrophy, hypertension, and being of the male sex. Cardiovascular disease is especially prevalent among diabetic subjects, at least in part because of the existence of multiple independent risk factors in this population. Successful treatment of hyperlipidemia in the general population, and in diabetic subjects in particular, is therefore of exceptional medical importance.

In spite of the early discovery of insulin and its subsequent widespread use in the treatment of diabetes, and the later discovery of and use of suifonylureas, biguanides and thiazolidenediones, such as troglitazone, rosiglitazone or pioglitazone, as oral hypoglycemic agents, the treatment of diabetes could be improved. The use of insulin typically requires multiple daily doses. Determination of the proper dosage of insulin requires frequent estimations of the sugar in urine or biocd. The administration of an excess dose of insulin causes hypoglycemia, with effects ranging from mild apnormalities in blood glucose to coma, or even death. Treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (Type Il diabetes,

NIDDM) usually consists of a combination of diet, exercise, oral hypoglycemic agents, e.g., thiazolidenediones, and in more severe cases, insulin. However, the clinically available hypoglycemic agents can have side effects that limit their use. In the case of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (Type I), insulin is usually the primary course of therapy.

Thus, although there are a variety of anti-atherosclerosis and diabetes therapies, there is a continuing need and a continuing search in this field of art for altemative therapies.

Moreover, negative energy balance (NEB) is a problem frequently encountered in ruminants particularly dairy cows. NEB may be experienced at any time during the cows life put it Is particularly prevalent during the transition period. The ruminant transition period is defined as the period spanning late gestation to early lactation. This is sometimes defined as from 3 weeks before to three weeks after parturition, but has been expanded to 30 days prepartum to 70 days postpartum (J N Spain and W A Scheer, Tri-State Dairy Nutrition

Conference, 2001, 13).

Energy balance is defined as energy intake minus energy output and an animal is descibed as being in negative energy balance if energy intake Is insufficient to meet the demands on maintenance and production (eg milk). A cow in NEB has to find the energy to meet the deficit from its body reserves. Thus cows in NEB tend to lose body condition and liveweight, with cows that are more energy deficient tending to lose condition and weight at a faster rate.

Its important that the mineral and energy balance and overall health of the cow is managed well in the transition period, since this interval is critically important to the subsequent health, production, and profitability in dairy cows.

Long chain fatty acids (or non esterified fatty acids, NEFAs) are also mobilised from body fat. NEFAs, already elevated from around 7 days prepartum, are a significant source of energy to the cow during the early postpartum period, and the greater the energy deficit the higher the concentration of NEFA in the blood. Some workers suggest that in early lactation (Bell and references therein-see above) mammary uptake of NEFAs accounts for some milk fat synthesis. The circulating NEFAs are taken up by the liver and are oxidised to carbon dioxide or ketone bodies, including 3-hydroxybutyrate, by mitochondria, or reconverted via esterification into triglycerides and stored. In non-ruminant mammals 1 is thought that entry of

NEFAs into the mitochondria is controlled by the enzyme carnitine paimitoyitransferase (CPT- 1) however, some studies have shown that in ruminants there is little change in activity of

CPT-1 during the transition period (G. N. Douglas, J. K. Drackley, T. R. Overton, H. G.

Bateman, J. Dairy Science, 1998, Supp 1, 81, 285). Furthermore, the capacity of the ruminant liver for synthesising very low density lipoproteins to export triglycerides from the liver is limited.

Significantly, if NEFA uptake by the bovine liver becomes excessive, accumulation of ketone bodies can lead to ketosis, and excessive storage of triglycerides may lead to fatty liver. Fatty liver can lead to prolonged recovery for other disorders, increased incidence of health problems, and development of “downer cows” that die.

Thus, fatty liver is a metabolic disease of ruminants, particularly high producing dairy cows, in the transition period that negatively impacts disease resistance (abomasal displacement, lameness), immune function (mastitits, metritis), reproductive performance (oestrus, calving interval, foetal viability, ovarian cysts, metritis, retained placenta), and milk production (peak milk yield, 305 day milk yield). Fatty liver has largely developed by the day after parturition and precedes an induced (secondary) ketosis. It usually results from increased esterification of NEFA absorbed from blood coupled with the low ability of ruminant liver to secrete triglycerides as very low-density lipoproteins.

By improving energy balance, or by treating the negative energy balance, the negative extent of the sequelae will be reduced. This is addressed by the compounds of the present invention.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to compounds of Formula a ; \ (J)q—A?—B——Ar'—————N——S Q

I \_/

I

X

Formula or a prodrug of said compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable satt of said compound or prodrug, wherein

Q is carbon; each R' is independently hydrogen, halo, (C+-Cs)alky! optionally substituted with one or more halo or with (C,-C;)alkoxy, (C4-Cs)alkoxy optionally substituted with one to eleven halo, (C4-Cs)alkyithio optionally substituted with one or more halo, or R' in conjunction with the two adjacent carbon atoms forms a Cs-Cg fused fully saturated, partially unsaturated or fully unsaturated five or six membered carbocyclic ring wherein each carbon in the carbon chain may optionally be replaced with one heteroatom selected from oxygen and sulfur;

R? is hydrogen or (C4-Cs)alkyl optionally substituted with C,-Cj alkoxy;

X Is ~COOR’, -O-(CR%,)-COOR®, -S{CR%,)-COOR", -CH~(CR®,}-COOR*, 1H- tetrazol-5-yl-E- or thiazolidinedione-5-yl-G-; wherein wis 0, 1 or 2; E is (CHa) and ris 0, 1, 2 or 3, and G is (CH,)s or methylidene and sis 0 or 1; each R® is independently hydrogen, (C4-C)atky! optionally substituted with one to nine halo or with (C,-Ca)alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more halo, or R*and the carbon to which it is attached form a 3, 4, 5, or 6 membered carbocyciic ring;

R* is H, (C1-Cy)alkyl; benzyl or p-nitrobenzyl; each R®is independently hydrogen, (C+-Cs)alkyl optionally substituted with one to nine halo ar with {C4-Cs)alkoxy, (C+-C4)alkoxy optionally substituted with one to nine halo, (C4-Cs)alkyithio optionally substituted with one to nine halo or with (C4-Cs)alkoxy, or R® and the carbon to which it is attached form a 3, 4, 5, or 6 membered carbocyclic ring wherein any carbon of a 5- or 6-membered ring may be replaced by an oxygen atom;

Ar' is phenyt or phenyl fused to a member selected from thiazolyl, furanyl, oxazolyl, pyridine, pyrimidine, phenyl, or thienyl, wherein Ar' is optionally mono-, di- or tri-substituted independently with: halo, (Cs-Ca)alkyl optionally substituted with one to nine halo or (C,-

Cs)alkoxy optionally substituted with one to nine halo or (C+-Cs)alkyithio optionally substituted with one to nine halo;

Bis a bond, CO, (CY2)y, CYOH, CY=CY, -L~{CY2)s- , {CY2)n-L-, -L{CY2)-L-, NY-OC- -CONY-, -SO,NY--NY-SO,- wherein each L is independently O, S, SO, or SO,, each Y is independently hydrogen or (C4-Cs) alkyl, and nis 0, 1, 2 or 3;

Arf is a bond, phenyl, phenoxybenzyl, phenoxyphenyl, benzyloxyphenyl, benzyloxybenzyi, pyrimidinyl, pyridinyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl or phenyl fused to a ring selected from the group consisting of: phenyl, pyrimidinyl, thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, pyrazolyi, and imidazolyi; sach J is independently hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, (C4-Cs)alky! optionally substituted with one to eleven halo, (C4-Cg)alkoxy optionally substituted with one to eleven halo, (C;- Cgalkyithio optionally substituted with one to eleven halo, (C:-C;)cycloalkyl, (Cs

C7)cycloalkoxy, (Cs-Cy)cycloalkylthio, or phenyl optionally substituted with one to four substituents from the group consisting of: halo, (C4-C;)alkyl optionally substituted with one to five halo, (C,-C;)alkoxy optionally substituted with one to five halo, (C4-Cs)alkyithio optionally substituted with one to five halo; p and q are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; and with the provisos:

a) if Ar" is phenyl, B is a bond, A” is a bond or phenyl, and X is —COOH then q is other than 0 and J is other than hydrogen, halo, (C,-Csg)alkyl or unsubstituted phenyl; b) if Ar’ is phenyl, B Is not a bond, Ar? Is phenyl and X is -COOR* then B is attached to Ar' para to NR? and c) ifB Is O, S, SO, NH, CO, CH, or SO, then R' is not H.

The present application also Is directed to methods for treating dyslipidemia, obesity, overweight condition, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertipidemia, hypoaiphalipoproteinsmia, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus (Type | and/or Type Il), hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, diabetic complications, atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease, hypercholesteroiemia, inflammation, osteoporosis, thrombosis, peripheral vascular disease, cognitive dysfunction, or congestive heart failure in a mammai by administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any of claims 1-18, or a prodrug of said compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or prodrug.

The present application also is directed to pharmaceutical compositions which ’ comprises a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula |, or a prodrug of said compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or prodrug and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle or diluent.

In addition, the present application is directed to pharmaceutical combination compositions comprising: a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising a first compound, said first compound being a compound of formula |, or a prodrug of said compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or prodrug; a second compound, said second compound being a lipase inhibitor, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, an HMG-CoA synthase inhibitor, an HMG-CoA reductase gene expression inhibitor, an HMG-CoA synthase gene expression inhibitor, an MTP/Apo B secretion inhibitor, a CETP inhibitor, a bile acid absorption inhibitor, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, a cholesterol synthesis inhibitor, a squalene synthetase inhibitor, a squalene epoxidase inhibitor, a squalene cyclase inhibitor, a combined squalene epoxidase/squalene cyclase inhibitor, a fibrate, niacin, a combination of niacin and lovastatin, an ion-exchange resin, an antioxidant, an ACAT Iinhibftor, a bile acid sequestrant, or a prodrug of said compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or prodrug; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle or diluent.

Moreover, the present invention is directed to methods for treating atherosclerosis in a mammal comprising administering to a mammal in need of treatment thereof; a first compound, said first compound being a compound of formula |, or a prodrug of said compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or prodrug; and a second compound, said second compound being a lipase inhibitor, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, an HMG-CoA synthase inhibitor, an HMG-CoA reductase gene expression inhibitor, an HMG-CoA synthase gene expression inhibitor, an MTP/Apo B secretion inhibitor, a CETP inhibitor, a bile acid absorption inhibitor, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, a cholesterol synthesis inhibitor, a squalene synthetase inhibitor, a squalene epoxidase inhibitor, a squalene cyclase inhibitor, a combined squalene epoxidase/squalene cyclase inhibitor, a fibrate, niacin, a combination of niacin and lovastatin, an ion-exchange resin, an antioxidant, an ACAT inhibitor or a bile acid sequestrant wherein the amounts of first and second compounds result in a therapeutic effect.

Furthermore, the present application also is directed to kits for achieving a therapeutic effect in a mammal comprising packaged in association a first therapeutic agent ) comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula |, or a prodrug of said compound or a pharmaceuticaily acceptable salt of said compound or prodrug and a pharmaceutically acceptabie carrier, a second therapeutic agent comprising a therapeutically 156 effective amount of an HMG CoA reductase inhibitor, a CETP inhibitor, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, a cholesterol synthesis inhibitor, a fibrate, niacin, slow-release niacin, a combination of niacin and lovastatin, an ion-exchange resin, an antioxidant, an ACAT inhibitor or a bile acid sequestrant and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and directions for administration of said first and second agents to achieve the therapeutic effect. .

Another aspect of the present invention is the use of a compound of formula |, in the manufacture of a medicament for the palliative, prophylactic or curative treatment of negative energy balance in ruminants.

Another aspect of the invention Is the use of a compound of formula |, in the manufacture of a medicament for the palliative, prophylactic or curative treatment of negative energy balance or a ruminant disease associated with negative energy balance in ruminants, wherein the excessive accumulation of triglycerides in liver tissue is prevented or alleviated, and/or the excessive elevation of non-esterified fatty acid levels in serum is prevented or alleviated.

Another aspect of the invention is where the ruminant disease associated with negative energy balance in ruminants, as mentioned in the aspects of the invention herein, includes one or more diseases selected independently from fatty liver syndrome, dystocia, immune dysfunction, impaired immune function, toxification, primary and secondary ketosis, downer cow syndrome, indigestion, inappetence, retained placenta, displaced abomasum, mastitis, (endo-)-metritis, infertility, low fertility and lameness, preferably fatty liver syndrome, primary ketosis, downer cow syndrome, (endo-)-metritis and low fertility.

Another aspect of the invention is the use of a compound of formula |, in the improvement of fertility, including decreased return to service rates, normal oestrus cycling, improved conception rates, and improved foetal viability.

Another aspect of the invention is the use of a compound of formula |, in the manufacture of a medicament for the management of effective homeorhesis to accommodate parturition and lactogenesis.

Another aspect of the invention is the use of a compound of formula |, in the manufacture of a medicament for improving or maintaining the functioning of the ruminant liver and homeostatic signals during the transition period .

In one aspect of the invention, the compound of formula | is administered during the period from 30 days prepartum to 70 days postpartLam. in another aspect of the invention, the compound of formula | is administered prepartum and, optionally, also at parturition.

In yet another aspect of the invention, the compound of formula | is administered 16 postpartum. in yet another aspect of the invention, the compound of formula i Is administered at parturition.

More preferably, the compound of formula! is administered during the period from 3 weeks prepartum to 3 weeks postpartum.

In another aspect of the invention, the compound of formula | is administered up to three times during the first seven days postpartum.

Preferably, the compound of formula | is adrmninistered once during the first 24 hours postpartum.

In another aspect of the invention, the compound of formula | is administered prepartum and up to four times postpartum.

In another aspect of the invention, the compound of formula | is administered at parturition and then up to four times postpartum.

Another aspect of the invention is the use of the compound of formula | in the manufacture of a medicament for the palliative, prop hylactic or curative treatment of negative energy balance in ruminants and to increase ruminant milk quality and/or milk yield. In a preferred aspect of the invention, the milk quality increase is seen in a reduction in the levels of ketone bodies in ruminant milk.

In another aspect of the invention, peak millic yield is increased.

Preferably, the ruminant is a cow or sheep.

In another aspect of the invention, an overall increase in ruminant milk yield is obtained during the 305 days of the bovine lactation period.

in another aspect of the invention, an overall increase In ruminant milk yield is obtained during the first 60 days of the bovine lactation period.

Preferably, the overall increase in ruminant milk yield, or the increase in peak milk yield, or the increase in milk quality, is obtained from a dairy cow.

In another aspect of the invention, the increase in ruminant milk quality and/or milk yield is obtained after administration of a compound of formula | to a healthy ruminant. in another aspect of the invention, there Is provided a compound of formula |, for use in veterinary medicine.

The present application also Is directed to compounds having a Formula lI

R2 (J)g——Ar?—B——Ar'———NH

Formula I} or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

R? is hydrogen or (C4-Ca)alkyl;

Ar! is phenyl optionally mono-, di- or tri-substituted independently with: halo, (C4- . 15 Cjalkyl optionally substituted with one to five halo or (C4-Cs)alkoxy optionally substituted with one tc five halo or {C;-Cs)alkylithic optionally substituted with one to five halo;

Bis (CYz)n, O, S; -CH;S- or -CH,0 and n is1or2;

AP is phenyl or phenyl fused to a ring selected from the group consisting of: phenyl, pyrimidinyl, thienyt, furanyl, pyrrolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, pyrazolyl, and imidazotyl; each J is independently hydrogen, hydroxy; halo; (C4-Ca)alkyl optionally substituted with one to eleven halo; (C+-Cg)alkoxy optionally substituted with one to eleven halo; (Cs-

Ca)alkylthio optionally substituted with one to eleven halo; (Cs-Cr)cycloalkyl; (Cx

Cy)cycloalkoxy; (Cs-Cr)cycloalkyithio; or phenyl optionally substituted with one or more: halo or (C+-Ca)alkyl optionally substituted with one to five halo or (C,-Cs)afkoxy optionally substituted with one to five halo or (C4-Cj)alkyithio optionally substituted with one to five halo; and qis0,1,20r3.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURE

Figure 1 shows the serum NEFA levels for transition cows administered with compound Z,: 2-Methyl-5-(4"-trifluoromethoxy-biphenyl-4-yisulfamoyl}-benzoic acid (EXAMPLE 193), compared to controls.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention may be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention and the examples included therein.

Before the present compounds, compositions and methods are disclosed and described, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to specific synthetic methods of making that may of course vary. Itis also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting.

The present invention also relates to the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of compounds of the present invention. The acids which are used to prepare the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of the aforementioned base compounds of this invention are those which form non-toxic acid addition salts, j.., salts containing pharmacologically acceptable anions, such as the hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, nitrate, sulfate, bisulfate, phosphate, acid phosphate, acetate, lactate, citrate, acid citrate, tartrate, bitartrate, succinate, maleate, fumarate, gluconate, saccharate, benzoate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate and pamoate (i.e, 1,1-methylene-bis-{2-hydroxy-3- naphthoate)) salts.

The invention also relates to base addition salts of the compounds of the present invention. The chemical bases that may be used as reagents to prepare pharmaceutically acceptable base salts of those compounds of the present invention that are acidic in nature are those that form non-toxic base salts with such compounds. Such non-toxic base salts include, but are not limited to those derived from such pharmacologically acceptable cations such as alkali metal cations (e.q., potassium and sodium) and alkaline earth metal cations (e.g. calcium and magnesium), ammonium or water-soluble amine addition salts such as N- methylglucamine-(meglumine}), and the lower alkanolammonium and other base salts of pharmaceutically acceptable organic amines.

The chemist of ordinary skill will recognize that certain compounds of this invention will contain one or more atoms that may be in a particular stereochemical or geometric configuration, giving rise to stereoisomers and configurational isomers. All such isomers and mixtures thereof are included in this invention. Hydrates and solvates of the compounds of this invention are aiso included.

Where the compounds of the present invention possess two or more stereogenic centers and the absolute or relative stereochemistry is given in the name, the designations R and S refer respectively to each stereogenic center in ascending numerical order (1, 2, 3, etc.) . according to the conventional IUPAC number schemes for each molecule. Where the compounds of the present invention possess one or more stereogenic centers and no stereochemistry is given in the name or structure, it is understood that the nam e or structure is intended to encompass all forms of the compound, including the racemic form.

The compounds of this invention may contain olefin-like double bonds. When such bonds are present, the compounds of the invention exist as cis and trans configurations and as mixtures thereof. The term “cis” refers to the orientation of two substituents with reference to each other and the plane of the ring (either both “up” or both “down”). Analogously, the term “trans” refers to the orientation of two substituents with reference to each other and the plane of the ring (the substituents being on opposite sides of the ring).

Alpha and Beta refer to the orientation of a substituent with reference to the plane of thering. Beta is above the plane of the ring and Alpha is below the plane of the ring.

This invention also includes isotopically-labeled compounds, which are identical to those described by Formulas | and Il, except for the fact that one or more atoms are replaced by one or more atoms having specific atomic mass or mass numbers. Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds of the invention include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, fluorine, and chlorine such as 2H, *H, **c, “c, "N, 0, 0, 8, and *ClI respectively. Compounds of the present invention, prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds or of the prodrugs which contain the aforementioned isotopes and/or other isotopes of other atoms are within the scope of this invention. Certain isotopically-labeled compounds of the present invention, for €xample those into which radioactive isotopes such as *H and "C are incorporated, are useful in drug and/or substrate tissue distribution assays. Tritiated (i.e., °H), and carbon-14 (i.e., “C). isotopes are particularly preferred for their ease of preparation and detectability. Further, substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium (i.e., °H), can afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example increased in vivo half-life ©r reduced dosage requirements and, hence, may be preferred in some circumstances. Isotopically : labeled compounds of this invention and prodrugs thereof can generally be prepared by carrying out the procedures disclosed in the schemes and/or in the Examples below, by substituting a readily available isotopically labeled reagent for a non-isotopically labeled reagent.

In this specification and in the claims that follow, reference will be made to a number of terms that shall be defined to have the following meanings:

The term “treating”, "treat" or "treatment" as used herein includes preventative (e.g., prophylactic) and palliative treatment.

As used herein, “therapeutically effective amount of a compound” mearss an amount thats effective to exhibit therapeutic or biological activity at the site(s) of activity” in a mammalian subject, without undue adverse side effects (such as undue toxicity, irritation or allergic response), commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio when used in the manner of the present invention.

The term “cerebrovascular disease”, as used herein, is selected, but not limited to, the group consisting of ischemic attacks (e.g., transient), ischemic stroke (transient), acute stroke, cerebral apoplexy, hemorrhagic stroke, neurologic deficits post-stroke, first stroke, recurrent stroke, shortened recovery time after stroke and provision of thrombolytic therapy for stroke.

Preferable patient populations include patients with or without pre-existing stroke or coronary heart disease. "The term “coronary artery disease”, as used herein, Is selected, but not limited to, the group consisting of atherosclerotic plaque (e.g., prevention, regression, stablilization), vulnerable plaque (e.g., prevention, regression, stabilization), vulnerable plaque area (reduction), arterial calcification (e.g., calcific aortic stenosis), increased coronary artery calcium score, dysfunctional vascular reactivity, vasodilation disorders, coronary artery spasm, first myocardial infarction, myocardia re-infarction, ischemic cardiomyopathy, stent restenosis,

PTCA restenosis, arterial restenosis, coronary bypass graft restenosis, vascular bypass restenosis, decreased exercise treadmill time, angina pectoris/chest pain, unstable angina pectoris, exertional dyspnea, decreased exercise capacity, ischemia (reduce time to), silent ischemia (reduce time to), increased severity and frequency of ischemic symptoms, reperfusion after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction.

The term “hypertension”, as used herein, is selected, but not limited to, the group consisting of lipid disorders with hypertension, systolic hypertension and diastolic hypertension.

The term “ventricular dysfunction”, as used herein, is selected, but not limited to, the group consisting of systolic dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, heart failure, congestive heart fallure, dilated cardiomyopathy, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, and non-dilated cardiomopathy. : }

The term “cardiac arrhythmia®, as used herein, is selected, but not limited to, the group consisting of atrial arrhythmias, supraventricular arrhythmias, ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death syndrome.

The term “pulmonary vascular disease”, as used herein, is selected, but not limited to, the group consisting of pulmonary hypertension, peripheral artery block, and pulmonary : embolism.

The term “peripheral vascular disease”, as used herein, is selected, but not limited to, the group consisting of peripheral vascular disease and claudication.

The term “vascular hemostatic disease”, as used herein, is selected, but not limited to, the group consisting of deep venous thrombosis, vaso-occlusive complications of sickle cell anemia, varicose veins, pulmonary embolism, transient ischemic attacks, embolic events,

including stroke, in patients with mechanical heart valves, embolic events, including stroke, in patients with right or left ventricular assist devices, embolic events, including stroke, in patients with intra-aortic balloon pump support, embolic events, including stroke, in patients with artificial hearts, embolic events, including stroke, in patients with cardiomyopathy, embolic events, including stroke, in patients with atrial fibriliation or atrial flutter.

The term “diabetes”, as used herein, refers to any of a number of diabetogenic states including type | diabetes, type |! diabetes, Syndrome X, Metabolic syndrome, lipid disorders associated with insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, non-insulin dependent diabetes, microvascular diabetic complications, reduced nerve conduction velocity, reduced or loss of vision, diabetic retinopathy, increased risk of amputation, decreased kidney function, kidney failure, insulin resistance syndrome, pluri-metabolic syndrome, central adiposity (visceral)(upper body), diabetic dyslipidemia, decreased insulin sensitization, diabetic retinopathy/neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy/micro and macro angiopathy and micro/macro albuminuria, diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic gastroparesis, obesity, increased hemoglobin glycoslation (including HbA1C), improved glucose control, impaired renal function (dialysis, endstage) and hepatic function (mild, moderate, severe).

The terms “inflammatory disease, autoimmune disorders and other systemic diseases”, as used herein, are selected. but not limited to, the group consisting of multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, irritable bowel syndrome, irritable bowel disease,

Crohn's disease, colitis, vasculitis, lupus erythematosis, sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, apoptosis, and disorders of the complement systems.

The term “cognitive dysfunction”, as used herein, Is selected, but not limited to, the group consisting of dementia secondary to atherosclerosis, transient cerebral ischemic attacks, neurodegeneration (including Parkinson's, Huntington's disease, amyloid deposition and amylotrophic lateral sclerosis), neuronal deficient, and delayed onset or procession of

Alzheimer’s disease.

The “transition period” means from 30 days prepartum to 70 days postpartum

The term “treating”, "treat", “treats” or “treatment” as used herein includes prophylactic, palliative and curative treatment. "Negative energy balance" as used herein means that energy via food does not meet the requirements of maintenance and production (milk).

The term “cow” as used herein includes heifer, primiparous and multiparous cow. “Healthy ruminant” means where the ruminant does not show signs of the following indications: fatty liver syndrome, dystocia, immune dysfunction, impaired immune function, toxification, primary and secondary ketosis, downer cow syndrome, indigestion, inappetence, retained placenta, displaced abomasum, mastitis, (endo-}-metritis, infertility, low fertility and/or lameness.

Milk “quality” as used herein refers to the levels in milk of protein, fat, lactose, somatic cells, and ketone bodies. An increase In milk quality is obtained on an increase in fat, protein or lactose content, or a decrease in somatic cell levels or ketone bodies levels.

An increase in milk yield can mean an increase in milk solids or milk fat or milk protein content, as well as, or instead of, an increase in the volume of milk produced. “Excessive accumulation of triglycerides” as used herein means greater than the physiological triglyceride content of 10%wi/w in liver tissue. “Excessive elevation of non-esterified fatty acid levels in serum” as used herein means non-esterified fatty acid levels of greater than 800pmollL in serum,

Unless otherwise specified, “prepartum” means 3 weeks before calving until the day of calving.

Unless otherwise specified, “postpartum” means from when the newborn is “expelled” from the uterus to 6 weeks after the newborn was expelled from the uterus. “At parturition” means the 24 hours after the newborn was expelled from the uterus. “Periparturient” means the period from the beginning of the prepartum period, to the end of the postpartum period. “Metabolic syndrome,” also known as "Syndrome X,” refers to a common clinical disorder that is defined as the presence of increased insulin concentrations in association with other disorders including viceral obesity, hyperlipidemia, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and potentially hyperuricemis and renal dysfunction.

By "pharmaceutically acceptable” is meant the carrier, diluent, excipients, and/or salt must be compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation, and not deleterious to the recipient thereof. *Compounds” when used herein includes any pharmaceutically acceptable derivative or variation, including conformational isomers (e.q., cis and trans isomers) and all optical isomers (e.g., enantiomers and diastereomers), racemic, diastereomeric and other mixtures of such isomers, as well as solvates, hydrates, isomorphs, polymorphs, tautomers, esters, salt forms, and prodrugs. By “tautomers” is meant chemical compounds that may exist in two or more forms of different structure (isomers) in equilibrium, the forms differing, usually, in the position of a hydrogen atom. Various types of tautomerism can occur, including keto-enol, ring-chain and ring-ring tautomerism. The expression "prodrug" refers to compounds that are drug precursors which following administration, release the drug in vivo via some chemical or physiological process (e.g., a prodrug on being brought to the physiological pH or through enzyme action is converted to the desired drug form). Exemplary prodrugs upon cleavage release the corresponding free acid, and such hydrolyzable ester-forming residues of the compounds of the present invention include but are not limited to those having a carboxyl moiety wherein the free hydrogen is replaced by (C,-C,)alkyl, (C-C;)alkanoyloxymethyl, 1-

(alkanoyloxy)ethyl having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms, 1-methyl-1-(alkanoyloxy)-ethyl having from § to 10 carbon atoms, alkoxycarbonyloxymethyl having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, 1- (alkoxycarbonyloxy)ethyl having from 4 to 7 carbon atoms, 1-methyl-1- (alkoxycarbonyloxy)ethyt having from & to 8 carbon atoms, N-(alkoxycarbonyl)aminomethyl having from 3 to 9 carbon atoms, 1-(N-(alkoxycarbonyl)amino)ethyl having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, 3-phthalidyi, 4-crotonolactonyl, gamma-butyrolacton-4-yl, di-N ,N-(C-

Co)alkylamino(C2-Cs)alkyl (such as B-dimethylaminoethyl), carbamoyl-(C4-Ca)alkyl, N,N-di(C1-

Cz)alkylcarbamoyl-(Cs-Cz)alkyl and piperidino-, pyrrolidino- or morpholino(C2-Cs)alkyl.

The following paragraphs describe exemplary ring(s) for the generic ring descriptions contained herein.

Exemplary five to six membered aromatic rings optionally having one or two heteroatoms selected independently from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur include phenyl, furyi, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyridiazinyl, pyrimidinyl and pyrazinyl.

Exemplary partially saturated, fully saturated or fully unsaturated five to eight membered carbocyclic rings optionally having one to four heteroatoms selected independently from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen include cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycioheptyl, cyclooctyl and phenyi.

Further exemplary five membered carbocyclic rings include 2H-pyrrolyl, 3H-pyrrolyi, 2-pyrrolinyl, 3-pyrrolinyt, pyrrolidinyl, 1,3-dioxolanyi, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, 2H- imidazolyl, 2-imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolyl, 2-pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, isoxazolyt, isothiazolyl, 1,2-dithiolyl, 1,3-dithiolyl, 3H-1,2-oxathiolyl, 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl, 1,2 4-oxadiazoiyl, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyt, 1,2,3,4- oxatriazolyl, 1,2,3,5-oxatriazolyl, 3H-1,2,3-dioxazolyl, 1,2,4-dioxazolyl, 1,3,2-dioxazolyl, 1,3,4- dioxazolyl, 5H-1,2,5-oxathiazolyl and 1,3-oxathiolyl.

Further exemplary six membered carbocyclic rings include 2H-pyranyl, 4H-pyranyi, pyridinyl, piperidinyl, 1,2-dioxinyl, 1,3-dioxinyi, 1,4-dioxanyl, morpholinyl, 1,4-dithianyi, thiomorpholinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, piperazinyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, 1,2,4-triazinyi, 1,2,3-triazinyl, 1,3,5-trithianyl, 4H-1,2-oxazinyl, 2H-1,3-oxazinyl, 6H-1,3-oxazinyl, 6H-1,2- oxazinyl, 1,4-oxazinyl, 2H-1,2-oxazinyl, 4H-1,4-oxazinyl, 1,2 5-oxathiazinyl, 1,4-0xazinyl, o- isoxazinyl, p-isoxazinyl, 1,2,5-oxathiazinyl, 1,2,6-oxathiazinyl, 1,4,2-oxadiazinyl and 1,3,5,2- oxadiazinyl.

Further exemplary seven membered rings include azepinyl, oxepinyl, and thiepinyl.

Further exemplary eight membered carbocyclic rings include cyclooctyl, cyclooctenyl and cyclooctadienyl.

Exemplary bicyclic rings consisting of two fused partially saturated, fully saturated or fully unsaturated five or six membered rings, taken independently, optionally having one to four heteroatoms selected independently from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen include indolizinyl, indolyl, isoindalyl, 3H-indolyl, 1H-isoindolyl, indolinyi, cyclopenta(b)pyridinyl, pyrano(3,4- b)pyrrolyl, benzofuryl, isobenzofuryl, benzo(b)thienyl, benzo(c)thienyi, 1H-indazolvi, indoxazinyl, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, purinyi, 4H-quinolizinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazoliny, quinoxalinyl, 1,8-naphthyridinyl, pteridinyl, indenyl, isoindenyl, naphthyl, tetralinyl, decalinyl, 2H-1-benzopyranyl, pyrido(3,4-b)-pyridinyi, pyrido(3,2-b)-pyridinyl, pyrido(4,3-b)-pyridinyl, 2H-1,3-benzoxazinyl, 2H-1,4-benzoxazinyl, 1H- 2,3-benzoxazinyl, 4H-3,1-benzoxazinyl, 2H-1 ,2-benzoxazinyl and 4H-1,4-benzoxazinyl.

The carbon atom content of various hydrocarbon-containing moieties is indicated by a prefix designating the minimum and maximum number of carbon atoms In the moisty, l.e., the prefix Ci-C, indicates a moiety of the integer “i" to the integer “i” carbon atoms, inclusive.

Thus, for example, C1-C; alkyl refers to alkyl of one to three carbon atoms, inclusive, or methyl, ethyl, propyl and isopropyl, and all isomeric forms and straight and branched forms thereof.

By “aryl” is meant an optionally substituted six-membered aromatic ring, including polyaromatic rings. Examples of aryl include phenyl, naphthyl and biphenyl. “Heteroaryl” as used herein means an optionally substituted five- or six-membered aromatic ring, including polyaromatic rings where appropriate carbon atoms are substituted by nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. Examples of heteroaryl include pyridine, pyrimidine, thiazole, oxazole, quinoline, quinazoline, benzothiazole and benzoxazole.

By “halo” or “halogen” is meant chloro, bromo, iodo, or fluoro.

By “alkyl” is meant straight chain saturated hydrocarbon or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon. Exemplary of such alkyl groups (assuming the designated length encompasses the particular example) are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, tertiary butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tertiary pentyl, 1-methyibutyl, 2-methyibutyl, 3-methyibutyl, hexyl, isohexyl, heptyl and octyl. This term also includes a saturated hydrocarbon (straight chain or branched) wherein a hydrogen atom is removed from each of the terminal carbons. “Alkenyt” referred to herein may be linear or branched, and they may also be cyclic (e.g. cyclobutenyi, cyciopentenyl, cyclohexenyl) or bicyclic or contain cyclic groups. They contain 1-3 carbon-carbon double bonds, which can be cis or trans,

By “alkoxy” is meant straight chain saturated alkyl or branched chain saturated alkyl bonded through an oxy. Exemplary of such alkoxy groups (assuming the designated length encompasses the particular example) are methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, iSopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, tertiary butoxy, pentoxy, isopentoxy, neopentoxy, tertiary pentoxy, hexoxy, isohexoxy, heptoxy and octoxy .

It is to be understood that if a carbocyclic or heterocyclic molety may be bonded or otherwise attached to a designated substrate through differing ring atoms without denoting a specific point of attachment, then all possible points are intended, whether through a carbon atom or, for example, a trivalent nitrogen atom. For example, the term “pyridyl” means 2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl, the term “thienyl” means 2- or 3-thienyl, and so forth.

The term “HMG CoA reductase inhibitor” is selected, but not limited to, the group consisting of lovastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, fluindostatin, velostatin, dihydrocompactin, compactin, fluvastatin, atorvastatin, glenvastatin, dalvastatin, carvastatin, crilvastatin, bervastatin, cerivastatin, rosuvastatin, pitavastatin, mevastatin, or rivastatin, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The term “antihypertensive agent” is selected, but not limited to, a calcium channel blocker (including, but not limited to, verapamil, diltiazem, mibefradil, isradipine, lacidipine, nicardipine, nifedipine, nimodipine, nisoldipine, nitrendipine, avanidpine, amlodipine, amlodipine besylate, manidipine, cilinidipine, lercanidipine and felodipine), an ACE inhibitor (including, but not limited to, benazepril, captopril, enalapril, fosinopril, lisinopril, perindopril, quinapril, trandolapri, ramipril, zestril, zofenopril, cilaapril, temocapril, spirapril, moexipril, delapril, imidapril, ramipril, terazosin, urapidin, indoramin, amolsulalol, and alfuzosin), an A-

Il antagonist (including, but not limited to, losartan, irbesartan, teimisartan and valsartan), a diuretic (including, but not limited to, amiloride, and bendrofiumethiazide), a beta-adrenergic receptor blocker (such as carvedilol) or an alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker (including, but not limited to, doxazosin, prazosin, and trimazosin), or a pharmaceutically acceptable sat of such compounds.

In one embodiment of the present invention, p is 1 or 2 and R' is bonded to Q.

In another embodiment of the present invention, Ar’ is: o N 1 s J / 2

HO HI +0 + [] N ’ ' '

N N oe ee eg)

Ss EN , OF s .

In another embodiment of the present invention, Ais

N N “a O,

Zs sx i N

Sm NE ak —~1T —{ TF ~~ T

Z Sh N x

Wg | ¢- LI ba] LF wf) ‘

AN S N Z i

AU

Se: Te: LIVE! a ——k Whe — j= i

ZZ a pos 0

ALN wt Et / ¢ van o} ol off aff 8 pt TNE)

V4 NED "TV lo] —N / = pr pk JOH NT

N nd 0% SSW or in another embodiment of the present invention,

Ar! is phenyl or phenyl fused to oxazolyl or thiazolyl; and

Ar? is phenyl or phenyl fused to a ring selected from the group consisting of: phenyl, pyridinyl, thieny, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, and imidazolyl.

In another embodiment of the present invention, halo is fluoro.

In another embodiment of the present invention, B is a bond or -L-(CY2)s- or «CY2)r

L-,and Lis OorS,andnis0,10r2. in another embodiment of the present invention,

X is -COORY;

B is a bond;

Ar! is phenyl or phenyl fused to oxazolyt or thiazolyl; and

Ar is phenyl or phenyl fused to a ring selected from the group consisting of: phenyl, pyridinyl, thienyt, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, and imidazolyi. in another embodiment of the present invention,

X is -COOR*;

B is -L-(CYa)s- Or (CYa)-L-, and Lis O or S,andnis 0,1 or 2;

Ar! is phenyl or phenyl fused to oxazoly! or thiazolyl; and

Ar is phenyl or phenyl fused to a ring selected from the group consisting of: phenyl, pyridinyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, and imidazolyl.

in another embodiment of the present invention, } / i {Or +10 HK

Ar'ls , \! : pee : { or ; and

EN N N Sch

Or

Ais Fs , © A : , or 0] 5S N .

In another embodiment of the present invention, q is 1 or 2 and each J is independently halo, (Cs-Cs)alky! optionally substituted with one to three halo, or (C4-Cj)alkoxy optionally substituted with one to three halo.

In another embodiment of the present invention, pis 1 and R* is H or (Cy-Cs)alkyl.

In another embodiment of the present invention, Lis Sand nis 1. tn another embodiment of the present invention, the compound of formula | is selected from the group consisting of: 2-Methyl-5-[4-(5-methyl-benzooxazol-2-yl}-phenyisulfamoyi] benzoic acid; 5-[4~5-Chioro-benzooxazol-2-yl}-phenylsulfamoyl]-2-methyt-benzoic acid; 2-Methyl-5-{4-(4-trifluoromethyi-benzylsulfanyl)-phenyisulfamoyi}-benzoic acid; 5-[4-(4-tert-Butyl-benzylsulfanyl)-phenylsulfamoyi}-2-methyl-benzoic acid; 2-Ethyi-5-[4-(5-methyl-benzooxazol-2-yl)-phenyisulfamoyl]-benzoic acid; 5-[4-(4-Ethyl-benzylsulfanyl)-phenylsulfamoyl}-2-methyl-benzoic acid; 5-[4-(3,4-Diflucro-benzylsuifanyl)-phenylsulfamoyi]-2-methyl-benzoic acid; 5-[4-(3,4-Dimethyi-benzylsulfanyl)-phenyisulfamoyi}-2-methyi-benzoic acid; 5-[4-(5,7-Difluoro-benzothiazol-2-yimethyisulfanyl)-phenyisulfamoyi]-2-methyi-benzoic acid; 2,3-Dimethyi-5-(4"-trifluoromethoxy-biphenyl-4-ylsulfamoyl)-benzoic acid; 2-Ethyl-5-[4-(4-trifluoromethoxy-benzyisulfanyt)-phenyisulfamoyi]-benzoic acid; 2-Ethyl-5-{4-trifluoromethoxy-biphenyl-4-ylsulfamoyl)-benzoic acid; 2-Isopropyl-5-[2-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)}-benzooxazol-5-yisuifamoyl]-benzoic acid; and 2-Methyi-5-(4"-trifluocromethoxy-biphenyi-4-ylsuliamoyi)-benzoic acid; or a prodrug of sald compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or prodrug

In another embodiment of the present invention, the compound of formula | is selected from the group consisting of: 2-Ethyl-5-[4-(6-methyl-benzothiazol-2-yl)-phenyisulfamoyl}-benzoic acid; 2-Methyl-5-(4"-rifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-yisulfamoyl}-benzoic acid; 2-sopropyl-5-[propyi-(4'-triflucromethox y-biphenyi-4-yl)-sulfamoyl]-benzoic acid; 2-Methyl-5-{(4'-propoxy-biphenyl-4-yl}-propyl-suifamoyl}-benzoic acid; 2-Methyl-5-(4'-propoxy-biphenyl-4-ylsulfamoyl)-benzoic acid; 2-Ethyl-5-{4-(4-trifluoromethoxy-benzyls uifanyl}-phenyisulfamoyl}-benzoic acid; 5-(4'-tert-Butyl-biphenyi-4-yisutfamoyi}-2-methyl-benzoic acid; 5-[4-(4-Chloro-benzyisulfanyl}-phenylsulfamoyi}-2-methyl-benzoic acid; 2-Methyl-5-[4-(3-triflucromethoxy-benzylsulfanyl}-phenyisuifamoyl]-benzoic acid; 2-Methyl-5-[2-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-benzooxazol-5-yisulfamoyi}-benzoic acid; 2-Methyi-5-[4-(5-phenyl-benzooxazol-2-yl}-phenyisulfamoyl}-benzoic acid; and 2-Isopropyt-5-{4-{5-methyl-benzooxazol-2-yl}-phenyisuifamoyi]-benzoic acid; 16 ora prodrug of said compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or prodrug.

In one embodiment of the methods of the present invention, atherosclerosis is treated. in one embodiment of the methods of the present invention, peripheral vascular : disease is treated.

In one embodiment of the methods of the present invention, dyslipidemia is treated. in one embodiment of the methods of the present invention, diabetes is treated.

In one embodiment of the methods of the present invention, hypoalphalipoproteinemia is treated. in one embodiment of the methods of the present invention, hypercholesterolemia is treated.

In one embodiment of the methods of the present invention, hypertriglyceridemia is treated.

In one embodiment of the methods of the present invention, obesity is treated. in one embodiment of the methods of the present invention, osteoporosis is treated.

In one embodiment of the methods of the present invention, metabolic syndrome is treated. in another embodiment of the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition is for the treatment of atherosclerosis in a mammal which comprises an atherosclerosis treating amount of a compound of formula |, or a prodrug of said compound or a pharmaceutically 36 acceptable salt of said compound or prodrug and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle or diluent.

In one embodiment of the pharmaceutical combination compositions, methods and kits of the present invention, the second compound is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor or a

CETP inhibitor.

In one embodiment of the pharmaceutical combination compositions, methods and kits of the present invention, the second compound is rosuvastatin, rivastatin, pitavastatin, lovastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin, atorvastatin or cerivastatin or a prodrug of said compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or prodrug.

In one embodiment of the pharmaceutical combination compositions, methods and kits of the present invention, the second compound is [2R 48] 4-[(3,5-bis-trifluoromethyi- benzyl)-methoxycarbonyl-amino}-2-ethyl-6-trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline-1- . carboxylic acid ethyl ester. in one embodiment of the pharmaceutical combination compositions, methods and kits of the present invention, the composition further comprises a cholesterol absorption inhibitor.

In one embodiment of the pharmaceutical combination compositions, methods and kits of the present invention, the cholesterol absorption inhibitor is ezetimibe.

In one embodiment of the pharmaceutical combination compositions, methods and kits of the present invention, the composition further comprises an antihypertensive agent.

In one embodiment of the pharmaceutical combination compositions, methods and kits of the present invention, said antihypertensive agent is a calcium channel blocker, an ACE inhibitor, an A-ll antagonist, a diuretic, a beta-adrenergic receptor blocker or an alpha- - adrenergic receptor blocker.

In one embodiment of the pharmaceutical combination compositions, methods and kits of the present invention, the antihypertensive agent is a calcium channel blocker, said calcium channel blocker being verapamil, diltiazem, mibefradil, isradipine, lacidipine, nicardipine, nifedipine, nimodipine, nisoldipine, nitrendipine, avanidpine, amlodipine, amlodipine besylate, manidipine, cilinidipine, lercanidipine or felodipine or a prodrug of said compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or prodrug.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the compound of formula i is: 4-(5-Chlcro-benzooxazol-2-yl}-phenylamine; 4-(4-Trifluoromethyl-benzylsulfanyl}-phenylamine; 4-(4-tert-Butyl-benzyisulfanyl)-phenylamine; 4-(4-Ethyl-benzyisulfanyl}-phenylamine; 4-(3,4-Difluoro-benzylsulfanyt)-phenylamine; 4-(3,4-Dimethyl-benzylsulfanyl}-phenylamine; 4-(5,7-Difluorc-benzothiazol-2-yimethyisulfanyl)-phenylamine; 4'-Trifluoromethoxy-biphenyl-4-ylamine;

4-(4-Trifluoromethoxy-benzylsulfanyl}-phenylamine; or 4-Trifluoromethoxy-phenyl}-benzooxazol-5-ylamine; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. in general, the compounds of this invention can be made by processes that include processes analogous to those known in the chemical arts, particularly in light of the description contained herein. Certain processes for the manufacture of the compounds of this invention are provided as further features of the invention and are illustrated by the following reaction schemes. Other processes may be described in the experimental section.

The Reaction Schemes herein described are intended to provide a general description of the methodology employed in the preparation of many of the Examples given.

However, it will be evident from the detailed descriptions given in the Experimental section that the modes of preparation employed extend further than the general procedures described herein. In particular, it is noted that the compounds prepared according to these

Schemes may be modified further to provide new Examples within the scope of this invention.

For example, an ester functionality may be reacted further using procedures well known to those skilled in the art to give another ester, an amide, an acid, a carbinol or a ketone.

As an initial note, in the preparation of compounds of the present invention, it is noted that some of the preparation methods useful for the preparation of the compounds described herein may require protection of remote functionality (e.g., primary amine, secondary amine, carboxy! in intermediates). The need for such protection will vary depending on the nature of the remote functionality and the conditions of the preparative methods and can be readily determined by one of ordinary skill in the art. The use of such protection/deprotection methods is also within the ordinary skill in the art. For a general description of protecting groups and their use, see T.W. Greene, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, New

York, 1991.

For example, in the reaction schemes below, certain compounds contain primary amines or carboxylic acid functionalities, which may interfere with reactions at other sites of the molecule if left unprotected. Accordingly, such functionalities may be protected by an appropriate protecting group, which may be removed in a subsequent step. Suitable protecting groups for amine and carboxylic acid protection include those protecting groups commonly used in peptide synthesis (such as N-t-butoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, and 8- fluorenylimethyienoxycarbonyl for amines and lower alkyl or benzyl esters for carboxylic acids) which are generally not chemically reactive under the reaction conditions described and can typically be removed without chemically altering other functionality in the compound.

Scheme 1 Ly o= o R* o AR RX. o $x Re 0 Halo-SOH 0 te (Jg—Ar “8s,

RY, Halo—S RY, R— 1a 1b ic

NaOH

R* = atkyl

OH lo) (ar Re) ®% of Hin © 1d

According to reaction Scheme 1, the compounds of formula 1d, which are compounds of formula | wherein X is <COOR®, R?is H, R (optionally present) is halo, alkyl, alkoxy or alkylthio and R', B, A%, J, p and q are as described above are prepared by procedures well known in the art. For example, treatment of the benzoic acid or ester 1a (which are commercially available or are known in the literature or may be prepared according to methods familiar to those skilled in the art) with chlorosulfonic acid (halo is chloro) at temperatures between about 90 and110° C, preferably 100° C, for a period of about 15 min to 3 hr, preferably 2.5 hr for the acid and 15 min for the ester, leads to the halogenated sulfonyl 1b.

The reaction of sulfonyl chloride 1b with appropriately substituted anilines 1e (preparation of anilines 1e described in Schemes 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8) to form the sulfanilides 1c may be performed under reaction conditions well known to those skilled in the art. For example, the reaction of sulfonyl chloide1b and an aniline 1e may be performed in an inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide or a mixture of acetone and water, in the presence of a base such as pyridine, potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate, at temperatures between 20° C and 65° C, preferably at room temperature for a period of about 10 to 36 hr, preferably about 20 hr. If 1b is a chlorosulfonyl benzoic ester (R* = CH;), it may be preferable to perform the reaction in an organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran in the presence of an amine base such pyridine and triethylamine.

The ester product 1c may be converted to the benzoic acid 1d by hydrolysis with an alkali metal hydroxide, preferably sodium hydroxide, in a mixture of an alcohol, preferably methanol, and water at a temperature of about 50 to 100° C preferably at reflux temperature, for a period of about 2 to 30 hr.

R4

Scheme 2 lo} qo RK /

Te SE Se

Hao—s— ) ed ao, NO oo =r RE_1

P

2a 2b 1b a=

Pd cat | Bio) 2c

RY

Jo) lo] a} iN ®R are 2d

According to reaction Scheme 2, the desired Formula ! compounds wherein X is —

COOR* R%isH, Bis abond, A? is phenyl, R (optionally present) is halo, alkyl, alkoxy or alkylthio, and R' J, p and q are as described above, are prepared by reacting a halogenated sulfonyl (wherein halo is chioro) 1b and 4-haloaniline 2a (wherein halo is bromo or iodo) in an inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or a solvent mixture such as acetone and water, in the presence of an amine base such as pyridine/triethylamine or an inorganic base such as potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate, at a temperature of about 20°C to 50° C, preferably room temperature, for a period of about 20 hr to form the halogenated suifaniiide 2b.

Reaction of the halogenated sulfanilide 2b in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane or dioxane/water with an appropriately substituted benzene boronic 16 acid derivative 2c under palladium catalysis in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate or sodium carbonate, at temperatures between 80° C and 110°

C, preferably at refiux, for 6-30 hr, preferably 20 hr, using procedures known to those skilled in the art, leads to the biphenylsulfanilide 2d. Further palladium catalysts, phosphine ligands, solvents, bases and reaction temperatures that can be used are exemplified in Chemical

Reviews 102, 1359 (2002). For example, reaction of bromosulfanilide as the halogenated sulfanilide 2b with an arytboronic acid 2c in the presence of a catalytic amount of dichloro[1,1'- bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(!l) dichloromethane adduct and 1,1'- bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene, with potassium carbonate as base and aqueous dioxane as solvent, yields biphenylanilide 2d. As shown in Scheme 1, the ester group of compound 2d (X, -COOR*) may be converted to an acid group by basic hydrolysis.

Scheme 3 4 " gy " o= _ RYhalo o o fo]

WUg—Ar /\ ond, NRT, Wg—Ar? J Oe Rr AZ Osd TRY, of Hui SAS aA a So

R= FR ic ® 3c

According to reaction Scheme 3, the desired Formula | compounds wherein X Is —

COOR’, R? is alkyl, R (optionally present) is halo, alkyl, alkoxy or alkylthio, and R', R?, B, A”,

J, p and q are as described above, are prepared by treating a sulfanilide 1c with an appropriate halogenated alkyl (wherein halo is bromo or iodo) 3a or with an alkyl sulfonate in the presence of an alkali metal carbonate such as potassium, sodium or cesium carbonate in an inert solvent such as acetone or dimethyiformamide at temperatures between 60°C and 80° C, preferably acetone at reflux temperature to yield the n-alkyl sulfanilide ester 3b. } The n-alkyl sulfanilide ester 3b may be converted to acid 3c by basic hydrolysis such as the reaction conditions previously exemplified in Scheme 1.

Schemes 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 describe the preparation of anilines 1e, used in the synthesis shown in Scheme 1. Altematively, the anilines 1e in Scheme 1 are commercially availabie or are known in the literature or may be prepared according to procedures well known in the art.

Scheme 4

DH PPA § me

EN wo oo Ny Sa

A Z IR

NH2 H oN 1e4 4a 4b

DH C= PD Wel

CN + ==\.(J a 01 + a — Jd X14 C5

NH, R Ul ad 4a 4c D

DEAD

PhsP / . Fe = 9} = IN x = { / —_— ive Co 1e4 de

The desired Formula 1e compounds wherein R? is hydrogen, R (optionally present) is halo, alkyl, alkoxy or alkylthio, B is a bond, Ar? is a phenyl ring fused to an imidazole, oxazole, or thiazole ring (D is N, O or S) and J and q are as described above, may be prepared by 4a and 4b (Scheme 4) or by similar synthetic routes familiar to those skilled in the art.

In Scheme 4a, a 2-aminophenal, 2-aminothiophenol or 2-aminoaniline derivative 4a is heated with an appropriately substituted 4-aminobenzoic acid 4b in polyphosphoric acid at about 170°C to 200° C for 4-10 hr, preferably 190° C for 6 hr, to yield the corresponding 4- benzoxazol-2-yl-phenylamine, 4-benzothiazol-2-yi-phenylamine, or 4-benzimidazol-2-yi- phenylamine derivatives 1e4.

Alternatively, as outlined in Scheme 4b, acyiation of a 2-aminophenol, 2- aminothiophenol or 2-aminoaniline derivative 4a with 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride or 4-nitrobenzoyl bromide 4c, in an inert solvent such as methylene chloride, in the presence of an amine base such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine, at a temperature of 20°C to 50° C for 10-30 hr, preferably at ’ room temperature for 20 hr, yields the corresponding benzamide 4d.

Under the acylation reaction conditions, the thiophenol derivative 4d (D = S) spontaneously cyclizes to the benzothiazole derivative 4e (D = S). The phenol derivative 4d (D = O) may be cyclized to the benzoxazole derivative 4e (D = O) by treatment with diethyt azodicarboxylate (DEAD) and triphenyiphosphine (PhsP), in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, methylene chloride or dioxane, preferably tetrahydrofuran at 15°C to 35°

C for 10-30 hr, preferably at room temperature overnight.

The nitro group in 4e may be reduced to form the aniline 1e4 by procedures familiar to those skilled in the art. For example, heating the nitro compound 4e with iron powder and calcium chloride in aqueous alcohol such as ethanol at about 60°C to100° C for 4 to 10 hr, preferably at reflux for 5 hr yields the aniline 1e4. Other reducing reagents swuch as iron and acetic acid, zinc and aqueous hydrochloric acid and catalytic hydrogenation are exemplified in

Richard Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH Publishers, New York, 1989 412.

Scheme 5

Mon q AN My 35 rs OY — OAR 5a th 5b ew J 1e5 J

The desired Formula 1e5 compounds wherein R? is hydrogen, Bis a bond, Af is an oxadiazole ring and J Is as described above, may be prepared by Scheme 5 or by similar synthetic routes familiar to those skilled in the art.

Acylation of commercially available 5-(4-nitrophenyi}-1H-tetrazole Sa with an acyl chloride 5b in pyridine at room temperature, followed by heating at 60° C for 1 hr and at 100°

C for 2 hr, yields 2-{4-nitrophenyl}-1,3 4-oxadiazole 5c.

Reduction of the nitro group to amine by methods known to those skitled in the art yields the aniline 1e5. For example, the reduction may be performed, as previously shown in

Scheme 4b, with iron powder and calcium chloride in aqueous ethanol.

Scheme 6 6a) OT), + padat = DN Cie LY A 6s 6b 6c 18

NaH Jha . 6d 6e 1e6-1 6a 6f 1662

The desired Formula 1e6 compounds wherein RZ is hydrogen, R (opti onally present) is halo, alkyl, alkoxy or alkylthio, B is —L-CHz- or —-CHz-L-, A is phenyl and J and q are as described above, may be prepared by the synthesis depicted in 6a, 6b and 6¢ of Scheme 6 or by similar synthetic routes familiar to those skilled in the art.

Benzyloxynitrobenzene or benzylsulfanylnitrobenzene derivatives (6c) may be prepared by the Mitsunobu reaction, for example, by the reaction of 4-nitrophenol or 4- nitrothiophenol 6b with an appropriate benzyl alcohol 6a, in the presence of diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) and triphenylphosphine (PhsP), in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, methylene chloride or dioxane, at about 15°C to 35° C for about 10 to 30 hr, preferably in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature overnight (Scheme 6a). The reaction conditions, solvents, temperature and reaction time for the Mitsunobu reaction are reviewed in

Organic Reactions, Vol 42, 1992, 335, John Wiley, 2002. Reduction of the nitro group of 6c by methods known to those skilled in the art, including those exemplified in Scheme 4b, yields the corresponding aniline 1e6.

For example, in Scheme 6b, benzylsulfanylaniline 166-1 may be synthesized by treating 4-aminothiophenol 6d with an appropriately substituted benzyl chloride 6e in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride, cesium carbonate or sodium tert-butoxide, in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dimethytformamide or dimethoxyethane, preferably tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature of about 20°C to 70°C for about 8 to 30 hr, preferably at room temperature overnight. 4-Benzyloxyaniline 1e6-2 may be prepared by the Mitsunobu reaction (Scheme 6c), wherein the reaction of 4-aminophenol 6f with an appropriate benzyl alcohol 6a, in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, is mediated by diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) and triphenylphasphine (Ph,P), at room temperature overnight as exemplified for 6c.

Scheme 7

Halo—¢ H ( Lia LO) ow

URI SY a Wa 2a 2c 187

The desired Formula 1e compounds wherein R?is hydrogen, R (optionally present) is halo, alkyl, alkoxy or alkylthio, B is a bond, Ar? is phenyl and J and q are as described above, may be prepared by the synthesis depicted in Scheme 7 or by similar synthetic routes familiar to those skilled in the art.

Biphenylamine derivatives 1e7 may be synthesized by a Suzuki coupling of 4- haioaniline 2a wherein halo is bromo or iodo and an appropriately substituted benzene boronic acid derivative 2c, using procedures known to those skilled in the art as exemplified in

Scheme 2c. Benzene boronic acid derivatives 2c are commercially available or may be readily prepared by literature methods known to those skilled in the art as exemplified in

Scheme 2c. For example, reaction of 4-bromoaniline with an arylboronic acid 2c in the presence of a catalytic amount of dichioro[1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(il) dichloromethane adduct and 1,1"-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocens, with potassium carbonate as base and aqueous dioxane as solvent, at reflux temperature overnight yields biphenylamine derivative 1e7.

Scheme 8

Q, ) /\ He = { \ JF NaH a a3 wn FEE NY TT wd) EY:

Ba ab Org 8c e8

The desired Formula 1e compounds wherein R? is hydrogen, R (Optionally present) is "5 halo, alkyl, alkoxy or alkylthio, B is L, Ar? is phenyt and J and q are as described above, may be prepared by the synthesis depicted in Scheme B or by similar synthetic routes familiar to those skilled in the art.

Phenoxyaniline and phenylsulfanyianiline derivatives 1e8 (Scheme 8) may be prepared by reaction of 4-halonitrobenzene 8b, wherein halo is chloro, bromo or iodo, with an appropriate phenol or thiophenol 8a in the presence of a base such sodiurn hydride, sodium tert-butoxide or cesium carbonate in an inert solvent such as dimethylform amide, tetrahydrofuran or dimethoxyethane, at about 60° C to 90°C for about 10 to 30 hr, preferably at 80° C overnight yields the nitro derivative 8c. Aniline 18 may be produced by reducing the nitro derivative 8c, using procedures known to those skilled in the art, such as those 156 previously exemplified in Scheme 4b.

Scheme 9

Os H 1)MesSICN Z._CN HP & NHC A 1) NH,CSNH, 0/5 "re Fsoor BP enna ®Y% 9a 9 8c ad

R

He OAR Yr OsMoo 07S fe R 0 s

Pe — om B10

CI0;S “ZR = ERY, 9d 9e

Compounds of Formula | wherein X is thiazolidinedione-5-y-G-, G is (CH), sis 0,

R?is H, R (optionally present) is halo, alkyl, alkoxy or alkylthio and RY, B, Ar?, J, p and q are as described above, may be prepared by the synthetic sequence outlined in Scheme 9, as taught by J. Med. Chem. ,29, 773 (1986) and Chem. Pharm. Bull., 30, 3601 (1982). An appropriately substituted benzaldehyde 9a is treated with trimethylsilyl cyanide and a catalytic amount of zinc iodide in anhydrous methylene chloride or chloroform at about 20° C to 30° C for about 15 to 30 hr, preferably in methylene chioride at room temperature overnight to yield the cyanohydrin 9b (Z=CH).

The cyanohydrin 8b (Z=OH) is converted to the chlorocyanide 9b (Z = Cl) with thionyl chloride in chloroform or methylene chloride at about 30° C to 65° C for about 30 to 60 min, preferably in chloroform at reflux temperature for 45 min. Reaction of chlorocyanide 9b (Z=

Ci) with thiourea in an alcoholic solvent such as ethanol at about 60° C to 80° C for about 4 to hr, preferably in ethanol at reflux temperature for 5 hr followed, by hydrolysis of the 10 intermediate iminothiazolidinone with aqueous acid at about 85° C to 120° C for about 4 to 10 hr, preferably 6N aqueous hydrochloric acid at refiux temperature for 5 hr leads to the thiazolidinedione Sc.

Alternatively, appropriate benzaldehyde 9a is treated with sodium cyanide in a mixture of water, acetic acid and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether at room temperature for 1.5 hr followed by the addition of thiourea and concentrated hydrochloric acid and heating at about 100° C for 18 hr to yield thiazolidinedione 9c (Chem. Pharm. Bull, 45, 1984 (1997).

Heating thiazolidinedione 9c in neat chiorosulfonic acid at about 90° C to 110° C for about 15 to 30 min, preferably at 100° C for 15 min yields sulfonyl chloride 9d. Reaction of sulfonyl chloride 9d with appropriately substituted anilines 1e using procedures known to those skilled in the art, such as the reaction described in Scheme 1, leads to the desired thiazolidinedione derivatives Se.

Scheme 10

Og H Lion On © NL & S= <a CISOgH Ps

RY — ® 1S FS oa 7 CIO 8“ ~~(R"), : 10b 10¢c :

R

1e H

R ug = z° LIBH4 o fro

Hs del ead A 2 < ° 10d © P — "i Rr 10e

Compounds of Formula | wherein X is thiazolidinedione-5-yl-G-, G is methytidine or (CHz)sandsis 1, RZis H, R (optionally present) is halo, alkyl, alkoxy or alkylthio and R' B,

Ar? J, p and q are as described above, may be synthesized by the reaction sequence outlined in Scheme 10, as taught by Chem. Pharm. Bull., 45, 1984 (1997). Condensation of an appropriately substituted benzaldehyde 9a and thiazolidinedione mediated by piperidine in acetic acid or ethanol or ammonium acetate in acetic acid at about 110° C to 120° C for about 8 to 30 hr, preferably piperidine in acetic acid at reflux for about 20 hr, or by piperidine and benzoic acid in toluene at reflux for about 3 to10 hr leads to benzylidene thiazolidinedione 10b.

Heating thiazolidinedione 10b in neat chlorosulfonic acid at about 90° C to 110° C for about 15 to 25 min, preferably about 100° C for 15 min yields sulfonyl chloride 10c.

Reaction of sulfonyi chloride 10c with appropriately substituted anilines 1e using procedures known to those skilled in the art, such as the process described in Scheme 1, leads to benzylidene thiazolidinedione derivatives 10d.

Reduction of the olefinic bond of 10d using methods familiar to those skilled in the art, such as lithium borohydride in pyridineftetrahydrofuran at about 65°C to 90°C for about 2 to 6 hr or sodium borohydride/lithium chloride in pyridine/tetrahydrofuran at about 65 °C to 90°C for about 3 to 6 hr, or catalytic hydrogenation with 10% Pd-C in 1,4-dioxane or methanol at about 50 to 60 psi for about 36 to 60 hr, preferably lithium borohydride in pyridine/tetrahydrofuran at reflux for 3 hr, yields the desired thiazolidinedione derivative 10e.

Scheme 11

R’ 0 po OAc OAc

R Na,S0 1 1 8 OH Pb(OAc)y yore 2503 . R' PCls > R

HO3S ClO,8 11a 11b 11¢c 11d / ) 1) (A? 2 H R! 2) NaOH 1e (NgA

A= RN

R O “ 11e

Br CO, Et

NA Ré 2) NaOH 9) %° eg 1

R el 8 CT

KA

0" “o 11f

Compounds of Formula |, wherein X is “O(CR%}COOR®, R? is CHs, R'is alkyl, R? is

H, R {optionally present) is halo, alkyl, alkoxy or alkylthio and, B, A, J and q are as described above, may be prepared by the synthetic route outlined in Scheme 11 as taught by Monat.

Chem. 99, 2048 (1968). The reaction of substituted phenot 11a with lead tetraacetate in acetic acid at about 20° C to 30° C for about 3 to 6 hr, preferably at room temperature for 3 hr yields quinol acetate 11b. . Upon treatment with sodium sulfite in water at about 20° C to 30° C for about 3 to 6 hr, preferably room temperature for 3 hr, quinol acetate 11b is converted to sulfonic acid 11c.

Sulfonyl chioride 11d is prepared by heating sulfonic acid 11c¢ with phosphorus pentachloride at about 110° C to 130° C for about 25 to 55 min, preferably about 120° C for about 30 min.

Reaction of sulfonyl chloride 11d with appropriately substituted anilines 1e using 16 procedures known to those skilled in the art, such as the process described in Scheme 1, followed by alkaline hydrolysis of the acetate yields sulfonamide 11e.

Alkylation of sulfonamide 11e with ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate and potassium carbonate in dimethylformamide or ethanol at about 80° C to 100° C for about 12 to 24 hr, preferably dimethytformamide at about 95° C for about 18 hr, followed by basic hydrolysis of the product, leads to the desired acid 111.

Scheme 12 (EtO)2(0)P~_CO.EL

Ow H T CO,Et COLE = CISOzH Zz yy ——— —

RY NS

9a ClO,S P 12b 12c 2 8)

COR 1e

HC” — Ar? H f

Oh Mad Hn LR = N

R O° 12d 1) Mg/MeOH 2)NaOH CO,R* ~~

H.C

J)—AL H (he Fa SWE RM = & AY

R O ‘0 128

Compounds of Formula | wherein X is -CH(CR®,)-COOR* and R® is CH;CH,, w is 1,

R? is H, R (optionally present) is halo, alkyl, alkoxy or alkylthio and R', B, Ar%, J, p and q are as described above, may be synthesized by the reaction sequence outlined in Scheme 12.

Reaction of an appropriately substituted benzaldehyde 9a with the carbanion formed from triethyl-2-phosphonobutyrate and potassium t-butoxide or sodium hydride in tetrahydrofuran or dimethoxyethane at about 20° C to 30° C for about 2 to 5 hr, preferably at room temperature for 3 hr, yields olefinic ester 12b.

Ester 12b is converted to sulfonyl chloride 12¢ by heating in chlorosulfonic acid at about 55° C to 70° C for about 15-25 min, preferably at about 60° C for about 15 min.

Reaction of sulfonyl chloride 12¢ with appropriately substituted anilines 1e using methods know to those skilled in the art, such as the process described in Scheme 1, yields sulfonamide12d.

Reduction of the olefinic bond of 12¢ using procedures known to those skilled in the art, such as magnesium in methanol or ethanol at about 60° C to 85° C until the magnesium is consumed, or catalytic hydrogenation with 10% Pd-C in 1,4-dioxane or methanol at about 50 to 60 psi for about 36 to 60 fr, preferably magnesium in methanol at about 65° C, followed by alkaline hydrolysis of the product, yields the desired acid 12e.

Scheme 13 “OO + (orcom—= O40 a Oe ICL, .

P15 (Vg Ula 13b ta 13¢ © Ph a9

The compounds of Formula 1 wherein Ar' is other than phenyl may be prepared by the reaction sequence outlined in Scheme 1 by replacing aniline 1e with anilines fused to a member selected from thiazolyl, furanyl, oxazoly!, pyridine, pyrimidine, phenyl or thienyl which are prepared from intermediates that are commercially available or known in the literature by methods known to those skilled in the art.

For example, Scheme 13 depicts a process wherein Ar' is benzooxazole or benzothiazole, B is a bond, Ar” is phenyl, and J and q are as defined above. in the first step of

Scheme 13, a 2-aminophenol or 2-aminothiophenol (wherein D is O or S) 13a is reacted with an appropriate benzoic acid in polyphasphoric acid at about 190° C for about 6 hr as exemplified in Scheme 4a yields the benzoxazole or benzothiazole 13b. Nitration of 13b with concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid at about 75° C for about 30 min and at about 100° C for about 1 hr leads to the nitro derivative 13c, which is reduced to the desired aminobenzoxazole or aminobenzothiazole 13d using procedures shown in Scheme 4b.

Scheme 14 oo (J)q-Ar>-B(OH), oo > S

CIN Pdcat (AZ N 14a 14b

Compounds wherein Ar' is quinoline, B is a bond, Ar? is phenyl, and J and q are as defined above may be prepared, for example, from chloroquinoline 14a, which is known in the literature [J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 60, 2104 (1938)], by reaction with an appropriate aryl- or alkylboronic acid using methods exemplified in Scheme 2.

Scheme 15 oO

Os H N+ Fe N? x NH; & ceeds oye — KIO ay Pi q NH ()gA-B" N (J)q-Ar>-B 15d 0 15a 16b 15¢c

Compounds wherein Ar'is quinazoline, and B, A, J, and q are as defined above may be prepared, for example, by the method described in Synlett, p.1993 (1999). Reaction ofan appropriate amidine 15b with nitrobenzaidehyde 15a in acetonitrile in the presence of potassium carbonate and molecular sieves at refiux temperature for about 5 to 10 hr yields the nitroquinazoline15c. Reduction of 15¢c to the desired amine 15d may be carried out by the methods described in Scheme 4b.

Scheme 16

HQ & _ MeSOCI i Na-L-Ar%-(J)q & Fe, NH, 16a 16b WAL “gee Ural 164

Compounds wherein Ar' is benzothiophene, B is -L-CH,-, Lis O or S, and Ar, J, and q are as defined above may be prepared, for example, from hydroxymethylbenzothiophene 16a, which is known in the literature (J. Heterocycl. Chem., 20, 129 (1983)). Reaction of 16a with methanesulphonyl chloride and pyridine in methylene chioride, as taught by J. Med. Chem., 35, 457 (1992), at room temperature overnight leads to chloromethylbenzothiophene 16b. Treatment of 16b with an appropriate alcohol or mercaptan in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride or sodium tert-butoxide in an inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane or dimethyiformamide at about 20° C to 60° C for about 6 to 30 hr, preferably at room temperature ovemight, yields the nitro derivative 16¢c. Reduction of 16¢ to the desired amine 16d may be performed by the methods described in Scheme 4b.

Scheme 17 x" (J)gAr2-CO-CHBr hia 1) NaBH, ie CF rye yon coc YN an A oN Pret fz 0 DESH ear © or e ire

O 17a 17c

Compounds wherein Ar' is benzofuran, B Is CH», and Ar, J, and q are as defined above may be prepared as taught by J. Med. Chem., 39, 3897 (1996), for example, by the reaction of S-nitrosalicylaidehyde 17a with an appropriate bromomethyl arylketone and a base such as diisopropylethylamine, potassium fluoride or potassium carbonate in a solvent such as dimethylformamide, ethanol or acstone, at a temperature of about 75 to 95° C, for about 3 to 24 hr, preferably dilsopropylethylamine in dimethylformide at 92°C for 4 hr. The ketone 17¢ is reduced to the corresponding alcohol with sodium borohydride in methanol, which is converted to the nitro compound 17d with triethylsilane in trifluoroacetic acid. Reduction of 17d to the desired amine may be carried out by the methods described in Scheme 4b.

The compounds of this invention may also be used in conjunction with other pharmaceutical agents (e.g., LDL-cholesterol lowering agents, triglyceride lowering agents) for the treatment of the diseasel/conditions described herein. For example, they may be used in combination with a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, a cholesterol synthesis inhibitor, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, a CETP inhibitor, a MTP/Apo B secretion inhibitor, another

PPAR modulator and other cholesterol lowering agents such as a fibrate, niacin, an ion- exchange resin, an antioxidant, an ACAT inhibitor, and a bile acid sequestrant. Other pharmaceutical agents would also include the following: a bile acid reuptake inhibitor, an ileal bile acid transporter inhibitor, an ACC inhibitor, an antihypertensive (such as NORVASC®), a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a selective androgen receptor modulator, an antibiotic, an antidiabetic (such as metformin, a PPARY activator, a sulfonylurea, insulin, an aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI) and a sorbitol dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDI)), and aspirin (acetytsalicylic acid). A slow-release form of niacin is available and is known as Niaspan.

Niacin may also be combined with other therapeutic agents such as statins, i.e. lovastatin, which is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor and described further below. This combination therapy is known as ADVICOR® (Kos Pharmaceuticals Inc.) In combination therapy treatment, both the compounds of this invention and the other drug therapies are administered to mammals (e.g., humans, male or female) by conventional methods.

The term HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor refers to compounds which inhibit the bioconversion of hydroxym ethylglutaryl-coenzyme A to mevalonic acid catalyzed by the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase. Such inhibition is readily determined by those skilled in the art according to standard assays (e.g., Meth. Enzymol. 1981; 71:455-509 and references cited therein). A variety of these compounds are described and referenced below however other

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors will be known to those skilled in the art.

Atorvastatin calcium (i.e., atorvastatin hemicalcium), disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,273,995, which is incorporated herein by reference, is currently sold as Lipitor® and has the formula a

OC ha 2

Atorvastatin calcium is a selective, competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA. As such, atorvastatin calcium is a potent lipid lowering compound. The free carboxylic acid form of atorvastatin may exist predominantly as the lactone of the formula 0] gue

Me L.,

OH oO / N = azdee

OTT and is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,681,893, which Is incorporated herein by reference.

Statins also inciude such compounds as rosuvastatin disclosed in U.S. RE37,314 E, pitivastatin disclosed in EP 304063 B1 and US 5,011,930, simvastatin, disclosed in U.S. 4,444,784, which is incorporated herein by reference; pravastatin, disclosed in U.S. 4,346,227 which is incorporated herein by reference; cerivastatin, disclosed in U.S. 5,502,199, which is incorporated herein by reference; mevastatin, disclosed in U.S. 3,983,140, which is incorporated herein by reference; velostatin, disclosed in U.S. 4,448,784 and U.S. 4,450,171, both of which are incorporated herein by reference; fluvastatin, disclosed in us. 4,739,073, "15 which is incorporated herein by reference; compactin, disclosed in U.S. 4,804,770, which is incorporated herein by reference; lovastatin, disclosed in U.S. 4,231,938, which is incorporated herein by reference; dalvastatin, disclosed in European Patent Application

Publication No. 738510 A2; fluindostatin, disclosed in European Patent Application Publication

No. 363934 A1; and dihydrocompactin, disclosed in U.S. 4,450,171, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Any compound that decreases HMG-CoA reductase gene expression may be used in the combination aspect of this invention. These agents may be HMG-CoA reductase transcription inhibitors that block the transcription of DNA or translation inhibitors that prevent or decrease translation of MRNA coding for HMG-CoA reductase into protein. Such compounds may either affect transcription or translation directly, or may be biotransformed to compounds that have the aforementioned activities by one or more enzymes in the cholesterol biosynthetic cascade or may lead to the accumulation of an isoprene metabolite that has the aforementioned activities. Such compounds may cause this effect by decreasing levels of SREBP (sterol receptor binding protein) by inhibiting the activity of site-1 protease (S1P) or agonizing the oxzgenal receptor or SCAP. Such regulation is readily determined by those skilled in the art according to standard assays (Meth. Enzymol. 1985; 110:9-19).

Severai compounds are described and referenced below, however other inhibitors of HMG-

CoA reductase gene expression will be known to those skilled in the art. U.S. Pat. No. 5,041,432 (the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference) discloses certain 15- substituted lanosterol derivatives. Other oxygenated sterols that suppress synthesis of HMG-

CoA reductase are discussed by E.I. Mercer (Prog.Lip. Res. 1993;32:357-416).

Any compound having activity as a CETP inhibitor can serve as the second compound in the combination therapy aspect of the present invention. The term CETP inhibitor refers to compounds that inhibit the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) mediated transport of various cholesteryl esters and triglycerides from HDL to LDL and VLDL.

Such CETP inhibition activity is readily determined by those skilled in the art according to standard assays (e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,140,343). A variety of

CETP inhibitors will be known to those skilled in the art, for example, those disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Patent Number 6,140,343 and commonly assigned U.S. Patent

Number 6,197,786. CETP inhibitors disclosed in these patents include compounds, such as [2R 48] 4-[(3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzyl}methoxycarbonyl-amino}-2-ethyi-6-trifluoromethyi- : 3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, which is also known as torcetrapib.

U.S. Patent Number 5,512,548 discloses certain polypeptide derivatives having activity as

CETP inhibitors, while certain CETP-inhibitory rosenonolactone derivatives and phosphate- containing analogs of cholesteryl ester are disclosed in J. Antibiot., 49(8): 815-816 (1996), and

Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.; 6:1951-1954 (1996), res pectively.

Any other PPAR modulator may be used in the combination aspect of this invention. in particular, modulators of PPARB and/or PPARY may be useful incombination with compounds of the present invention.

Any MTP/Apo B (microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and or apolipoprotein B) secretion inhibitor may be used in the combination aspect of this invention. The term

MTP/Apo B secretion inhibitor refers to compounds which inhibit the secretion of triglycerides,

cholesteryl ester, and phospholipids. Such inhibition is readily determined by those skilled in the art according to standard assays (e.g., Wetterau, J. R. 1992; Science 258:999). A variety of these compounds are described and referenced below however other MTP/Apo B secretion inhibitors will be known to those skilled in the art, including imputapride (Bayer) and additional compounds such as those disclosed in WO 96/40640 and WO 98/23583, (two exemplary publications).

For example, the following MTP/Apo B secretion inhibitors are particularly useful: 4-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid [2-(1 H-{1,2,4,)triazol-3-yimethyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydro-isoquinolin-6-yi]-amide; 4'-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid [2-(2-acetylamino-ethyl}-1,2,3,4- tetrahydro-isoquinolin-6-yil-amide; (2-{6-[(4 -trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-2-carbonyl}-amino]-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-2- yi}-ethyl)}-carbamic acid methyi ester; 4'-trifluoromethyl-biphenyi-2-carboxylic acid [2-(1 H-imidazol-2-yimethyi)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydro-isoquinolin-6-yll-amide; 4'-trifluoromethyl-biphenyt-2-carboxylic acid [2«(2, 2-diphenyl-ethyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydro-isoguinolin-6-yi}-amide; and 4'-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid [2-(2-ethoxy-ethyl}-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro- isoquinolin-6-yl}-amide. (S)-N-{2-[benzyl(methyl)amino}-2-oxo-1-phenylethyl}-1-methyi-5-[4'- (trifluoromethyl){1,1'-biphenyi}-2-carboxamido}- 1 H-indole-2-carboxamide; (S)-2-[(4'-Trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-2-carbonyl}-amino}-quinoline-6-carboxylic acid (pentylcarbamoyl-phenyl-methyl)-amide; 1 H-indole-2-carboxamide, 1-methyl-N-{(1 S)-2-[m ethyl(phenylmethyl)amino]-2-oxo-1- phenylethyl]-5-[[[4'-(trifluoromethyl)[1,1’-biphenyl]-2-yflcarbonyilamino}; and

N-[(1S)-2-(benzylmethylamino)-2-oxo- 1-phenylethyfl-1-methyl-5-[[{4'- (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yljcarbonyflamino}- 1 H-indole-2-carboxamide.

Any cholesterol absorption inhibitor can be used as an additional in the combination aspect of the present invention. The term cholesterol absorption inhibition refers to the ability of a compound to prevent cholesterol contained within the lumen of the intestine from entering into the intestinal cells and/or passing from within the intestinal cells into the lymph systam and/or into the blood stream. Such cholesterol absorption inhibition activity is readily determined by those skilled in the art according to standard assays (e.g., J. Lipid Res. (1993) 34: 377-395). Cholesterol absorption inhibitors are known to those skilled in the art and are described, for example, in PCT WO 94/00480. An example of a cholesterol absorption inhibitor is ZETIA ™ (ezetimibe) (Schering-Plough/Merck).

Diabetes can be treated by administering to a patient having diabetes (especially

Type 11), insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, metabolic syndrome, or the like, or any of the diabetic complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy or cataracts, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention in combination with other agents (e.g., insulin) that can be used to treat diabetes. This includes the classes of anti-diabetic agents (and specific agents) described herein.

Any glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor can be used as the second agent in combination with a compound of the present invention. The term glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor refers to compounds that inhibit the bioconversion of glycogen to glucose-1- phosphate which is catalyzed by the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase. Such glycogen phosphorylase inhibition activity is readily determined by those skilled in the art according to standard assays (e.g., J. Med. Chem. 41 (1998) 2934-2938). A variety of glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors are known to those skilled in the art including those described in

WO 96/39384 and WO 96/39385.

Any aldose reductase inhibitor can be used in combination with a compound of the present invention. The term aldose reductase inhibitor refers to compounds that inhibit the bioconversion of glucose to sorbitol, which is catalyzed by the enzyme aldose reductase.

Aldose reductase inhibition is readily determined by those skilled in the art according to standard assays (e.g., J. Malone, Diabetes, 29:861-864 (1980). "Red Cell Sorbitol, an indicator of Diabetic Control®). A variety of aldose reductase inhibitors are known to those skilled in the art, such as those described in U.S. Patent No. 6,579,879, which includes 6-(5- chloro-3-methyi-benzofuran-2-sulfonyl)}-2H-pyridazin-3-one.

Any sorbitol dehydrogenase inhibitor can be used in combination with a compound of the present invention. The term sorbitol dehydrogenase inhibitor refers to compounds that inhibit the bioconversion of sorbitol to fructose which is catalyzed by the enzyme sorbitol dehydrogenase. Such sorbitol dehydrogenase inhibitor activity is readily determined by those skilled in the art according to standard assays (e.g., Analyt. Biochem (2000) 280: 329- 331). A variety of sorbitol dehydrogenase inhibitors are known, for example, U.S. Patent

Nos. 5,728,704 and 5,866,578 disclose compounds and a method for treating or preventing diabetic complications by inhibiting the enzyme sorbitol dehydrogenase.

Any glucosidase inhibitor can be used in combination with a compound of the present invention. A glucosidase inhibitor inhibits the enzymatic hydrolysis of compiex carbohydrates by glycoside hydrolases, for example amylase or maltase, into bioavaitable simple sugars, for example, glucose. The rapid metabolic action of glucosidases, particularly following the intake of high levels of carbohydrates, results in a state of alimentary hyperglycemia which, in adipose or diabetic subjects, leads to enhanced secretion of insulin, increased fat synthesis and a reduction in fat degradation. Following such hyperglycemias,

hypoglycemia frequently occurs, due to the augmented levels of insulin present.

Additionally, it is known chyme remaining in the stomach promotes the production of gastric juice, which initiates or favors the development of gastritis or duodenal uicers. Accordingly, glucosidase inhibitors are known to have utility in accelerating the passage of carbohydrates through the stomach and inhibiting the absorption of glucose from the intestine.

Furthermore, the conversion of carbohydrates into lipids of the fatty tissue and the subsequent incorporation of alimentary fat into fatty tissue deposits is accordingly red uced or delayed, with the concomitant benefit of reducing or preventing the deleterious abnormalities resulting therefrom. Such glucosidase inhibition activity is readily determined by those skilled in the art according to standard assays (e.g., Biochemistry (1 069) 8: 4214).

A generally preferred glucosidase inhibitor includes an amylase inhibitor. An amylase Inhibitor is a glucosidase inhibitor that inhibits the enzymatic degradation of starch or glycogen into maltose. Such amylase inhibition activity is readily determined by those skilled in the art according to standard assays (e.g., Methods Enzymol. (1955) 1: 149). The inhibition of such enzymatic degradation is beneficial in reducing amounts of bioavailable sugars, including glucose and maltose, and the concomitant deleterious conditions resulting therefrom.

A variety of glucosidase inhibitors are known to one of ordinary skill in the art and examples are provided below. Preferred glucosidase Inhibitors are those inhibitors that are selected from the group consisting of acarbose, adiposine, voglibose, miglitol, emiglitate, camiglibose, tendamistate, trestatin, pradimicin-Q and salbostatin. The glucosidase : inhibitor, acarbose, and the various amino sugar derivatives related thereto are disclosed in

U.S. Patent Nos. 4,062,950 and 4,174,439 respectively. The glucosidase inhibitor, adiposine, is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,254,256. The glucosidase inhibitor, voglibose, 3,4-dideoxy-4-[[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyi)ethyljamino]-2-C-(hydroxymethyl)-D-epi- : inositol, and the various N-substituted pseudo-aminosugars related thereto, are disclosed in

U.S. Patent No. 4,701,559. The glucosidase inhibitor, miglitol, (2R,3R,4R,55)-1-(2- hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4,5-piperidinetriol, and the various 3,4,5- trihydroxypiperidines related thereto, are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,639,436. The glucosidase inhibitor, emiglitate, ethyl p-[2-[(2R,3R 4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-2- (hydroxymethyl)piperidino}ethoxy}-benzoate, the various derivatives related thereto and : pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof, are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,192,772. The glucosidase inhibitor, MDL-25637, 2,6-dideoxy-7-O-B-D-glucopyrano-syi- 2,6-imino-D-glycero-L-gluco-heptitol, the various homodisaccharides related thereto and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof, are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,634,765. The glucosidase inhibitor, camiglibose, methyl 6-deoxy-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S5)-3,4,5- trinydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidino}-a-D-glucopyranoside sesquihydrate, the deoxy-

nojirimycin derivatives related thereto, the various pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and synthetic methods for the preparation thereof, are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,157,116 and 5,504,078. The glycosidase inhibitor, salbostatin and the various pseudosaccharides related thereto, are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,091,524.

A varlety of amylase inhibitors are known to one of ordinary skill in the art. The amylase inhibitor, tendamistat and the various cyclic peptides related thereto, are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,451,455. The amylase inhibitor Al-3688 and the various cyclic polypeptides related thereto are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,623,714. The amylase inhibitor, trestatin, consisting of a mixture of trestatin A, trestatin B and trestatin C and the various trehalose-containing aminosugars related thereto are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,273,765.

Additional anti-diabetic compounds, which can be used as the second agent in combination with a compound of the present invention, includes, for example, the following: biguanides (e.g., metformin), insulin secretagogues (e.g., sulfonylureas and glinides), glitazones, non-glitazone PPARYy agonists, PPARB agonists, inhibitors of DPP-IV, inhibitors of } PDES, inhibitors of GSK-3, glucagon antagonists, inhibitors of f-1,6-

BPase(Metabasis/Sankyo), GLP-1/analogs (AC 2993, also known as exendin-4), insulin and insulin mimetics (Merck natural products). Other examples would include PKC- inhibitors and AGE breakers.

The compounds of the present invention can be used in combination with other anti- obesity agents. Any anti-obesity agent can be used as the second agent in such combinations and examples are provided herein. Such anti-obesity activity is readily determined by those skilled in the art according to standard assays known in the art.

Suitable anti-obesity agents include phenylpropanolamine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, phentermine, Ba adrenergic receptor agonists, apolipoprotein-B secretion/microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (apo-BMTP) inhibitors, MCR-4 agonists, cholecystokinin-A (CCK-A) agonists, monoamine reuptake inhibitors (e.g., sibutramine), sympathomimetic agents, serotoninergic agents, cannabinoid-1 (CB-1) receptor antagonists (e.g., rimonabant (SR-141,716A)), dopamine agonists (e.g., bromocriptine), melanocyte- stimulating hormone receptor analogs, SHT2c agonists, melanin concentrating hormone antagonists, leptin (the OB protein), leptin analogs, leptin receptor agonists, galanin antagonists, lipase inhibitors (e.g., tetrahydrolipstatin, i.e. orlistat), bombesin agonists, anorectic agents (e.g., a bombesin agonist), Neuropeptide-Y antagonists, thyroxine, thyromimetic agents, dehydroepiandrosterones or analogs thereof, glucocorticoid receptor agonists or antagonists, orexin receptor antagonists, urocortin binding protein antagonists, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, ciliary neurotrophic factors (e.g., Axokine™),

~42- human agouti-related proteins (AGRP), ghrelin receptor antago nists, histamine 3 receptor antagonists or inverse agonists, neuromedin U receptor agonists, and the like.

Rimonabant (SR141716A also known under the trade mame Acomplia™ available from Sanofi-Synthelabo) can be prepared as described in U.S_ Patent No. 5,624,941. Other suitable CB-1 antagonists include those described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,747,524, 6,432,984 and 6,518,264; U.S. Patent Publication Nos. US2004/0092520, US2004/0157839,

US2004/0214855, and US2004/0214838; U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 10/971599 filed on October 22, 2004; and PCT Patent Publication Nos. YWO 02/076949, WO 03/075660, WO04/048317, WO04/013120, and WO 04/01267° 1.

Preferred apolipoprotein-B secretion/microsomat trigly ceride transfer protein (apo-

B/MTP) inhibitors for use as anti-obesity agents are gut-selecti ve MTP inhibitors, such as dirlotapide described in U.S. Patent No. 6,720,351; 4-(4-(4-(4—((2-((4-methyl-4H-1,2,4- triazol-3-ylthio)methyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl}-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)piperazin-1- yl)phenyi)}-2-sec-butyl-2H-1,2 4-triazol-3(4H)-one (R103757) described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,521,186 and 5,929,075; and implitapide (BAY 13-9952) described in U.S. Patent No. 6,265,431. As used herein, the term “gut-selective” means thaat the MTP inhibitor has a higher exposure to the gastro-intestinal tissues versus systemic exposure.

Any thyromimetic can be used as the second agent in combination with a compound of the present invention. Such thyromimetic activity” is readily determined by those skilled in the art according to standard assays (e.g., Athexrosclerosis (1996) 126: 53- 63). A variety of thyromimetic agents are known to those skilled in the art, for example those disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,766,121; 4,826,876; 4,91 0,305; 5,061,798; 5,284,971; 5,401,772; 5,654,468; and 5,569,674. Other antiobesity agentss include sibutramine which can be prepared as described in U.S. Patent No. 4,929,629. and bromocriptine which can be prepared as described in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,752,814 and 3,752,888.

The compounds of the present invention can also be used in combination with other antihypertensive agents. Any anti-hypertensive agent can be used as the second agent in such combinations and examples are provided herein. Such antihypertensive activity is readily determined by those skilled in the art according to standard assays (e.g., blood pressure measurements).

Amiodipine and reiated dihydropyridine compounds are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,572,909, which is incorporated herein by reference, as potent anti-ischemic and antihypertensive agents. U.S. Patent No.4,879,303, which is incorporated herein by reference, discloses amiodipine benzenesulfonate salt (also termed amlodipine besylate).

Amlodipine and amlodipine besylate are potent and ong lasting calcium channel blockers. As such, amlodipine, amlodipine besyiate, amlodipine maleate and other pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of amlodipine have utility as antihy pertensive agents and as antiischemic agents. Amlodipine besylate is currently sold as Norvasc®. Amlodipine has the formula

CH; N CH,OCH,CH,NH,

CHO J CO,CH,CH, 0 cl

The starting materials and reagents for the above-described compounds of the present invention and combination agents, are also readily available or can be easily synthesized by those skilled in the art using conventional methods of organic synthesis. For example, many of the compounds used herein, are related to, or are derived from compounds in which there is a large scientific interest and commercial need, and accordingly many such compounds are commercially available or are reported in the literature or are easily prepared from other commonly available substances by methods which are reported in the literature.

Some of the compounds of the present invention or intermediates in their synthesis have asymmetric carbon atoms and therefore are enantiomers or diastereomers.

Diasteromeric mixtures can be separated into their individual diastereomers on the basis of their physical chemical differences by methods known per se., for example, by chromatography and/or fractional crystallization. Enantiomers can be separated by, for example, chiral HPLC methods or converting the enantiomeric mixture into a diasteromeric mixture by reaction with an appropriate optically active compound (e.g., alcohol), separating the diastereomers and converting (e.g., hydrolyzing) the individual diastereomers to the comesponding pure enantiomers. Also, an enantiomeric mixture of the compounds or an intermediate in their synthesis which contain an acidic or basic moiety may be separated into their compounding pure enantiomers by forming a diastereomeric salt with an optically pure ’ chiral base or acid (e.g., 1-phenyil-ethyl amine or tartaric acid) and separating the diasteromers by fractional crystallization followed by neutralization to break the salt, thus providing the corresponding pure enantiomers. All such isomers, including diastereomers, enantiomers and mixtures thereof are considered as part of the present invention. Also, some of the compounds of the present invention are atropisomers (e.g. substituted biaryls) and are considered as part of the present invention.

More specifically, the compounds of the present invention can be obtained by fractional crystallization of the basic intermediate with an optically pure chiral acid to fom a

-A4- diastereomeric salt. Neutralization techniques are used to remove the salt and provide the enantiomerically pure compounds. Alternatively, the compounds of the present invention may be obtained in enantiomerically enriched form by resolving the racernate of the final compound or an intermediate in its synthesis (preferably the final compound) ermploying chromatography (preferably high pressure liquid chromatography [HPLC]) on an asyrmmetric resin (preferably

Chiralcel™ AD or OD (obtained from Chiral Technologies, Exton, Pennsylvania)) with a mobile phase consisting of a hydrocarbon (preferably heptane or hexane) containing between 0 and 50% isopropanol (preferably between 2 and 20 %) and between 0 and 5% of an alkyl amine (preferably 0.1% of diethylamina). Concentration of the produ ct containing fractions affords the desired materials.

Some of the compounds of the present invention are acidic and they form a salt with a pharmaceutically acceptable cation. Some of the compounds of the present invention are basic and they form a salt with a pharmacsutically acceptable anion. All such salts are within the scope of the present invention and they can be prepared by conventional methods such as combining the acidic and basic entities, usually in a stoichiometric ratio, in either an aqueous, non-aqueous or partially aqueous medium, as appropriate . The salts are recovered either by filtration, by precipitation with a non-solvent followed by filtration, by evaporation of the solvent, or, in the case of aqueous solutions, by lyophilization, as appropriate. The compounds can be obtained in crystalline form by dissolution in an appropriate solvent(s) such as ethanol, hexanes or water/ethanol mixtures.

The compounds of the present invention, their prodrugs and the salts of such compounds and prodrugs are all adapted to therapeutic use as agents that activate peroxisome proliferator activator receptor (PPAR) activity in mammals, particularly humans.

Thus, it is believed the compounds of the present invention, by activating the PPAR receptor, stimulate transcription of key genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and also those involved in high density lipoprotein (HDL) assembly (for example apolipoprotein Al gene transcription), accordingly reducing whole body fat and increasing HDL cholesterol By virtue of their activity, these agents also reduce plasma levels of triglycerides, VLDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and their associated components in mammals, particularly humans, as well as increasing HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein Al. Hence, these compounds are useful for the treatment and correction of the various dyslipidemias observed to be associated with the development and incidence of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, including hypoalphalipoproteinemia and hypertriglyceridemia.

The present compounds are also useful for modulation of plasma and or serum or tissue lipids or lipoproteins, such as HDL subtypes (e.g., increase, including pre-beta HDL,

HDL-1,-2 and 3 particles) as measured by precipitation or by apo-protein content, size, . density. NMR profile, FPLC and charge and particle number and its constituents; and LDL subtypes (Including LDL subtypes e.g., decreasing small dense LDL, oxidized LDL, VLDL, apo(a) and Lp(a)) as measured by precipitation, or by apo-protein content, size density, NMR profile, FPLC and charge; IDL and remnants (decrease); phospholipids (e.g., increase HDL phospholipids); apo-lipoproteins (increase A-l, A-li, A-1V, decrease total and LDL B-100, decrease B-48, modulate C-li, C-lll, E, J); paraoxonase (increase, anti-oxidant effects, anti- inflammatory effects); decrease post-prandial (hyper)lipemia; decrease triglycerides, clecrease non-HDL; elevate HDL in subjects with low HDL and optimize and increase ratios of HDL to

LDL (e.g., greater than 0.25).

Given the positive correlation between triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and ther assoclated apolipoproteins in blood with the development of cardiovascular, cerebral vascular and peripheral vascular diseases, the compounds of the present invention, their prodr-ugs and the salts of such compounds and prodrugs, by virtue of their pharmacologic action, are useful for the prevention, arrestment and/or regression of atherosclerosis and its associated disease states. These include cardiovascular disorders (e.g., cerebrovascular disease, corona ry artery disease, ventricular dysfunction, cardiac arrhythmia, pulmonary vascular disease, vas cular ; hemostatic disease, cardiac ischemia and myocardial infarction), complications due to } cardiovascular disease, and cognitive dysfunction (including, but not limited to, dementia secondary to atherosclerosis, transient cerebral ischemic attacks, neurodegeneration, neuronal deficient, and delayed onset or procession of Alzheimer's diseass).

Thus, given the ability of the compounds of the present invention, their prodru gs and the salts of such compounds and prodrugs to reduce plasma triglycerides and total piaasma cholesterol, and increase plasma HDL cholesterol, they are of use in the treatment of diabetes, including impaired glucose tolerance, diabetic complications, insulin resistarsce and metabolic syndrome, as described previously. In addition, the compounds are useful for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome. Also, the compounds are useful in the treatment of obesity given the ability of the compounds of this invention, their prodrugs and the salts of such compounds and prodrugs to increase hepatic fatty acid oxidation.

The utility of the compounds of the present invention, their prodrugs and the s alts of such compounds and prodrugs as medica! agents in the treatment of the above described disease/conditions in mammals (e.g. humans, male or female) is demonstrated by the activity of the compounds of the present invention in one or more of the conventional assays and /n vivo assays described below. The in vivo assays (with appropriate modifications withira the skill in the art) can be used to determine the activity of other lipid or triglyceride controling agents as well as the compounds of the present invention. Thus, the protocols described below can also be used to demonstrate the utility of the combinations of the agents (i.e., the compounds of the present invention) described herein. In addition, such assays provide a means whereby the activities of the compounds of the present invention, their prodrugs and the salts of such compounds and prodrugs (or the other agents described herein) can be compared to each other and with the activities of other known compounds. The results of these comparisons are useful for determining dosage levels in mammals, including humans, for the treatment of such diseases. The following protocols can of course be varied by those skilled in the art.

PPAR FRET Assay

Measurement of coactivator recruitment by a nuclear receptor-ligand association is a method for evaluating the ability of a ligand to produce a functional response through a nuclear receptor. The PPAR FRET (Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer) assay measures the ligand-dependent interaction between nuclear receptor and coactivator. GST/

PPAR (o,p,and v) ligand binding domain (LBD) is labeled with a europium-tagged anti-GST : antibody, while an SRC-1 (Sterol Receptor Coactivator-1) synthetic peptide containing an amino terminus long chain biotin molecule is labeled with streptavidin-linked allophycocyanin (APC). Binding of ligand to the PPAR LBD causes a conformational change that allows SRC- 1 to bind. Upon SRC-1 binding, the donor FRET molecule (europium) comes in close proximity to the acceptor molecule (APC), resulting in fluorescence energy transfer between donor (337 nm excitation and 620 nm emission) and acceptor (620 nm excitation and 665 nm emission). Increases in the ratio of 665nm emission to 620 nm emission is a measure of the abllity of the ligand-PPAR LBD to recruit SRC-1 synthetic peptide and therefore a measure of the ability of a ligand to produce a functional response through the PPAR receptor.

[1] GST/ PPAR LBD Expression. The human PPARa LBD (amino acids 235-507) is fused to the carboxy terminus of glutathione S-transferase (GST) in pGEX-6P-1 (Pfizer, Inc.).

The GST/PPARe LBD fusion protein is expressed in BL21[DE3]pLysS cells using a 50 uM

IPTG induction at room temperature for 16 hr (cells induced at an Ag of ~0.6). Fusion protein is purified on glutathione sepharose 4B beads, eluted in 10 mM reduced glutathione, and dialyzed against 1x PBS at 4°C. Fusion protein is quantitated by Bradford assay (M.M.

Bradford, Analst. Biochem. 72:248-254; 1976), and stored at -20°C in 1x PBS containing 40% glycerol and 5 mM dithiothreitol.

[2] FRET Assay. The FRET assay reaction mix consists of 1x FRET buffer (60 mM

Tris-Cl pH 8.0, 50 mM KC}, 0.1 mg/ml BSA, 1 mM EDTA, and 2 mM dithiothreitol) containing 20 nM GST/ PPARa LBD, 40 nM of SRC-1 peptide (amino acids 676-700, 5'-long chain biotin-CPSSHSSLTERHKILHRLLQEGSPS-NH,, purchased from American Peptide Co.,

Sunnyvale, CA), 2 nM of europium-conjugated anti-GST antibody (Wallac, Gaithersburg, MD), 40 nM of streptavidin-conjugated APC (Wallac), and control and test compounds. The final volume is brought to 100 ul with water and transferred to a black 96-well plate (Microfuor B,

Dynex (Chantilly, VA)). The reaction mixes are incubated for 1 hr at 4°C and fluorescence is read in Victor 2 plate reader (Wallac). Data is presented as a ratio of the emission at 665 nm to the emission at 615 nm.

Assessment of lipid-modulating activity in mice

[1] Triglyceride lowering. The hypolipidemic treating activity of the compounds of the present invention can be demonstrated by methods based on standard procedures. For example, the in vivo activity of these compounds in decreasing plasma triglyceride leve Is may be determined in hybrid BECBAF1/J mice.

Male BECVAF4/J mice (8-11 week old) are obtained from The Jackson Laboratory and housed 4-5/cage and maintained in a 12hr light/12hr dark cycle. Animals have ad 7b. access to Purina rodent chow and water. The animals are dosed daily (9 AM) by oral gavage with vehicle (water or 0.5% methyl cellulose 0.05% Tween 80) or with vehicle containing test compound at the desired concentration. Plasma triglycerides levels are determined 24 hours after the administration of the last dose (day 3) from blood collected retro-orbitally with heparinized hematocrit tubes. Triglyceride determinations are performed using a commercially available Triglyceride E kit from Wako (Osaka, Japan).

[2] HDL cholesterol elevation. The activity of the compounds of the present invention for raising the plasma level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in a mammal can be demonstrated in transgenic mice expressing the human apoAl and CETP transgenes (HUAICETPTg). The transgenic mice for use in this study are described previously in W alsh etal, J. Lipid Res. 1993, 34: 617-623, Agellon et al., J. Biol. Chem. 1991, 266: 10796- 10801. Mice expressing the human apoAl and CETP transgenes are obtained by mating transgenic mice expressing the human apoAl transgene (HuAITg) with CETP mice (HUCETPTg).

Male HUAICETPTg mice (8-11 week old) are grouped according to their human apo

Al levels and have free access to Purina rodent chow and water. Animals are dosed dai ly by oral gavage with vehicle (water or 0.5% methylcellulose 0.05% Tween 80) or with vehicle containing test compound at the desired dose for 5 days. HDL-cholesterol and human a poAl are determined initially (day 0) and 90 minutes post dose (day 5) using methods based ©n standard procedures. Mouse HDL is separated from apoB-containing lipoproteins by dextran sulfate precipitation as described elsewhere (Francone et al., J. Lipid. Res. 1996, 37:1268-1277). Cholesterol is measured enzymatically using a commercially available cholesterol/HP Reagent kit (Boehringer MannHeim, Indianapolis, IND) and spectrophotometrically quantitated on a microplate reader. Human apoAl is measured by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as previously described (Francone et al., J.

Lipid. Res. 1996, 37:1268-1277). :

Measurement of glucose lowering in the ob/ob mouse

The hypoglycemic activity of the compounds of the present invention can be determined by the amount of test compound that reduces glucose levels relative to a vehicle without test compound in male ob/ob mice. The test also allows the determination of an approximate minimal effective dose (MED) value for the in vivo reduction of plasma glucose concentration in such mice for such test compounds.

Five to eight week old male C57BL/6J-obfob mice (obtained from Jackson Laboratory,

Bar Harbor, ME) are housed five per cage under standard animal care practices. After a one- week acclimation period, the animals are weighed and 25 microliters of blood are collected from the retro-orbital sinus prior to any treatment. The blood sample is immediately diluted 1:5 with saline containing 0.025% sodium heparin, and held on ice for metabolite analysis.

Animals are assigned to treatment groups so that each group has a similar mean for plasma glucose concentration. After group assignment, animals are dosed orally each day for four days with the vehicle consisting of either: (1) 0.25% wiv methyl cellulose in water without pH . adjustment; or (2) 0.1% Pluronic® P105 Block Copolymer Surfactant (BASF Corporation,

Parsippany, NJ) in 0.1 9, saline without pH adjustment. On day 5, the animals are weighed again and then dosed orally with a test compound or the vehicle alone. All compounds are administered in vehicle consisting of either: (1) 0.25% wiv methyl cellulose in water, (2) 10% )

DMSO0/0.1% Pluronic® in 0.1% saline without pH adjustment; or 3) neat PEG 400 without pH adjustment. The animals are then bled from the retro-orbital sinus three hours \ater for determination of blood metabolite levels. The freshly collected samples are centrifuged for two minutes at 10,000 x g at room temperature. The supematant is analyzed for glucose, for example, by the Abbott VP™ (Abbott Laboratories, Diagnostics Division, Irving, TX) and VP

Super System® Autoanaiyzer (Abbott Laboratories, Irving, TX), or by the Abbott Spectrum ccxX™ (Abbott Laboratories, irving, TX) using the A-Gent™Glucose-UV Test reagent system (Abbott Laboratories, Irving, TX) (a modification of the method of Richterich and Dauwalder,

Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschnift, 101: 860 (1971)) (hexokinase method) using a 100 mg/d! standard. Plasma glucose is then calculated by the equation: Plasma glucose (mg/dl)=Sample value x 8.14 where 8.14 is the dilution factor, adjusted for plasma hematocrit (assuming the hematocrit is 44%).

The animals dosed with vehicle maintain substantially unchanged hypergiycemic glucose levels (e.g., greater than or equal to 250 mg/dl), animals treated with compounds having hypoglycemic activity at suitable doses have significantly depressed glucose levels.

Hypoglycemic activity of the test compounds is determined by statistical analysis {unpaired t- test) of the mean plasma glucose concentration between the test compound group and vehicle-treated group on day 5. The above assay carried out with a range of doses of a test compound allows the determination of an approximate minimal effective dose (MED) value for the in vivo reduction of plasma glucose concentration.

Measurement of insulin, trig iyceride, and cholesterol levels in the ob/ob mouse

The compounds of the present invention are readily adapted to clinical use as hyperinsulinemia reversing agents, triglyceride lowering agents and hypocholesterolemic agents. Such activity can be determined by the amount of test compound that reduces insulin, triglycerides or cholesterol levels relative to a control vehicle without test compound in male ob/ob mice.

Since the concentration of cholesterol in blood is closely related to the development of cardiovascular, cerebral vascular or peripheral vascular disorders, the compounds of the present invention, by virtue of their hypocholesterolemic action, prevent, arrest and/or regress atherosclerosis.

Since the concentration of insulin in blood is related to the promotion of vascular cell growth and increased renal sodium retention, (in addition to the other actions, e.g., promation of glucose utilization) and these functions are known causes of hypertension, the compounds of the present invention, by virtue of their hypoinsulinemic action, prevent, arrest and/or regress hypertension.

Since the concentration of triglycerides in blood contributes to the overall levels of blood lipids, the compounds of the present invention, by virtue of their triglyceride lowering andlor free fatty acid lowering activity prevent, amrest and/or regress hyperlipidemia.

Free fatty acids contribute to the overall level of blood lipids and independently have been negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity in a variety of physiologic and pathologic states.

Five to eight week oid male C57BL/6J-ob/ob mice (obtained from Jackson Laboratory,

Bar Harbor, ME) are housed five per cage under standard animal care practices and fed standard rodent diet ad libitum. After a one-week acclimation period, the animals are weighed and 25 microliters of blood are collected from the retro-orbital sinus prior to any treatment. The biood sample is immediately diluted 1:5 with saline containing 0.025% sodium heparin, and held on ice for plasma glucose analysis. Animals are assigned to treatment groups so that each group has a similar mean for plasma glucose concentration. The compound to be tested is administered by oral gavage as an about 0.02% to 2.0% solution (weight/volume (w/v)) in either (1) 10% DMSO0/0.1% Pluronic® P105 Block Copolymer Surfactant (BASF Corporation,

Parsippany, NJ) in 0.1% saline without pH adjustment or (2) 0.25% w/v methylcellulose in water without pH adjustment. Alternatively, the compound to be tested can be administered by oral gavage dissolved in or in suspension in neat PEG 400. Single daily dosing (s.i.d.) or twice daily dosing (b.i.d.) is maintained for 1 to, for example, 15 days. Control mice receive the 10% DMSO/0.1% Fluronic® P105 in 0.1% saline without pH adjustment or the 0.25% wiv methylcellulose in water without pH adjustment, or the neat PEG 400 without pH adjustment.

Three hours after the last dose is administered, the animals are sacrificed and blood is collected into 0.5 ml serum separator tubes containing 3.6 mg of a 1:1 weight/weight sodium fluoride: potassium oxalate mixture. The freshly collected samples are centrifuged for two minutes at 10,000 x g at room temperature, and the serum supematant is transferred and diluted 1:1 volume/volume with a 1TIU/m| aprotinin solution in 0.1% saline without pH adjustment.

The diluted serum sampies are then stored at -80°C until analysis. The thawed, diluted serum samples are analyzed for insulin, triglycerides, free fatty acids and cholesterol levels. Serum insulin concentration is determined using Equate® RIA INSULIN kits (double antibody method; as specified by the manufacturer) available from Binax, South Portland, ME.

The interassay coefficient of variation is < 10%. Serum triglycerides are determined using the

Abbott VP™ and VP Super System® Autoanalyzer (Abbott Laboratories, Irving, TX), or the

Abbott Spectrum CCX” (Abbott Laboratories, Irving, TX) using the A-Gent™ Triglycerides Test reagent system (Abbott Laboratories, Diagnostics Division, Irving, TX) (lipase-coupled enzyme method; a modification of the method of Sampson, et al., Clinical Chemistry 21: 1983 (1975)).

Serum total cholesterol levels are determined using the Abbott VvP™ and VP Super System®

Autoanalyzer (Abbott Laboratories, Irving, TX), and A-Gent™ Cholesterol Test reagent system (cholesterol esterase-coupled enzyme method; a modification of the method of Allain, et al.

Clinical Chemistry 20: 470 (1974)) using 100 and 300 mg/dl standards. Serum free fatty acid concentration is determined utilizing a kit from WAKO (Osaka, Japan), as adapted for use with the Abbott VP™ and VP Super System® Autoanalyzer (Abbott Laboratories, Irving, TX), or the

Abbott Spectrum CCX™ (Abbott Laboratories, Irving, TX). Serum insulin, triglycerides, free fatty acids and total cholesterol levels are then calculated by the equations: Serum insulin (pU/mIl) = Sample value x 2; Serum triglycerides (mg/dl) = Sample value x 2; Serum total : cholesterol (mg/dl) = Sample value x 2; Serum free fatty acid (uEq/l) = Sample value x 2; where 2 is the dilution factor.

The animals dosed with vehicle maintain substantially unchanged, elevated serum insulin (e.g., 275 pU/ml), serum triglycerides (e.g., 235 mg/dl), serum free fatty acid (1500 mEq/ml) and serum total cholesterol (e.g., 190 mg/dl) levels. The serum insulin, triglycerides, free fatty acid and total cholesterol lowering activity of the test compounds are determined by statistical analysis (unpaired t-test) of the mean serum insulin, triglycerides, or total cholesterol concentration between the test compound group and the vehicle-treated control group.

Measurement of energy expenditure in rats

As would be appreciated by those skilled in the relevant art, during increased energy expenditure, animals generally consume more oxygen. In addition, metabolic fuels such as, for example, glucose and fatty acids, are oxidized to CO; and H,O with the concomitant evolution of heat, commonly referred to in the art as thermogenesis. Thus, the measurement of oxygen consumption In animals, including humans and companion animals, is an indirect measure of thermogenesis. Indirect calorimetry is commonly used in animals, e.g., humans, by those skilled in the relevant art to measure such energy expenditures.

Those skilled in the art understand that increased energy expenditure and the concomitant buming of metabolic fuels resulting in the production of heat may be efficacious with respect to the treatment of, e.g., obesity.

The ability of the compounds of the present invention to generate a thermogenic response can be demonstrated according to the following protocol: This in vivo screen is designed to evaluate the efficacy of compounds that are PPAR agonists, using as an efficacy endpoint measurement of whole body oxygen consumption. The protocol involves: (a) dosing fatty Zucker rats for about 6 days, and (b) measuring oxygen consumption. Male fatty Zucker rats having a body weight range of from about 400 g to about 500 g are housed for from about 3 to about 7 days in individual cages under standard laboratory conditions prior to the initiation of the study. A compound of the present invention and a vehicle is administered by oral gavage as a single daily dose given between about 3 p.m. to about 6 p.m. for about 6 days. A compound of the present invention is dissolved in vehicle containing about 0.25 % of methyl cellulose. The dosing volume is about 1 mi.

About 1 day after the last dose of the compound is administered, oxygen consumption is measured using an open circuit, indirect calorimeter (Oxymax, Columbus Instruments,

Columbus, OH 43204). The Oxymax gas sensors are calibrated with N, gas and a gas mixture (about 0.5 % of CO,, about 20.5 % of O,, about 78 % of N,) before each experiment.

The subject rats are removed from their home cages and their body weights recorded. The rats are placed into the sealed chambers (43 x 43 x 10 cm) of the Oxymax, the chambers are placed in the activity monitors, and the air flow rate through the chambers is then set at from about 1.6 L/min to about 1.7 L/min. The Oxymax software then calculates the oxygen consumption (mL/kg/h) by the rats based on the flow rate of air through the chambers and the difference in oxygen content at the inlet and output ports. The activity monitors have 15 infrared light beams spaced about one inch apart on each axis, and ambulatory activity is recorded when two consecutive beams are broken, and the results are recorded as counts.

Oxygen consumption and ambulatory activity are measured about every 10 min for from about 5 h to about 6.5 h. Resting oxygen consumption is calculated on individual rats by averaging the values excluding the first § values and the values obtained during time periods where ambulatory activity exceeds about 100 counts.

In Vivo Atherosclerosis Assay

Anti-atherosclerotic effects of the compounds of the present invention can be determined by the amount of compound required to reduce the lipid deposition in rabbit aorta. Male New Zealand White rabbits are fed a diet containing 0.2% cholesterol and 10% coconut oil for 4 days (meal-fed once per day). Rabbits are bled from the marginal ear vein and total plasma cholesterol values are determined from these samples. The rabbits are ihen assigned to treatment groups so that each group has a similar mean +SD for total plasma cholesterol concentration, HDL cholesterol concentration and triglyceride concentration. After group assignment, rabbits are dosed daily with compound given as a dietary admix or on a small piece of gelatin based confection. Control rabbits receive only the dosing vehicle, be it the food or the gelatin confection. The cholesterol/coconut oil diet is continued along with the compound administration throughout the study. Plasma cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride values can be determined at any point during the study by obtaining blood from the marginal ear vein. After 3-5 months, the rabbits are sacrificed and the aortae are removed from the thoracic arch to the branch of the iliac arteries. The aortae are cleaned of adventitia, opened longitudinally and then stained with Sudan IV as described by Holman et. al. (Lab. Invest. 1958, 7, 42-47). The percent of the surface area stained is quantitated by densitometry using an Optimas Image

Analyzing System (Image Processing Solutions; North Reading MA). Reduced lipid deposition is indicated by a reduction in the percent surface area stained in the compound- receiving group in comparison with the control rabbits.

The utility of the formula | compounds useful in the present invention, their prodrugs and the salts of such compounds and prodrugs as agents in the treatment of the above described disease/conditions in ruminants is additionally demonstrated by the activity of the compounds of the present invention in the assays described below.

Neaative energy balance

To determine negative energy balance, serum concentrations of NEFAs or ketone bodies, or levels of triglycerides in liver tissues, are measured. Higher than ‘normal’ levels of NEFA's and/or triglycerides and/or ketone bodies are indicators of negative energy balance. Levels considered ‘higher than normal’ or ‘excessive’ are:

NEFA’s >800umol/L in serum.

Triglycerides >10% w/w in liver tissue. :

Ketone bodies >1.2 Omol/L in serum.

Determination of changes in blood non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations and liver triglycerides levels:

Compounds are administered once or several times in the transition period at dose levels predicted to be effective by comparing results of in-vitro receptor affinity tests in laboratory species and pharmacokinetic evaluations in cattle. NEFA levels are determined via standard laboratory methods, for example, using the commercial WAKO NEFA kit (Wako

Chemical Co., USA, Dallas, TX, 994-75409), and liver trigiyceride content is determined using the method as described in the literature (J. K. Drackley, J. J. Veenhuizen, M. J.

Richard and J. W. Young, J Dairy Sci, 1991, 74, 4254)).

All animals may be obtained from a commercial dairy farm approximately thirty days prior to anticipated calving date. The cows are moved into separate building, approximately

10-14 days prior to their anticipated calving dates and switched to the TMR-Close-Up dry diet.

Enrolment of animals in the study begins approximately 7 days prior to their anticipated calving dates. The animals may be moved to the “on-test’ pen, weighed and are locked each

AM into feed stanchions. At that time, appropriate doses are administered and appropriate blood samples obtained (see table below for sample data for a PPAR alpha agonist, compound Z, 2-Methyl-5-(4"trifluoromethoxy-biphenyl-4-visutfamovi}-benzoic acid (EXAMPLE 193).

Animals enrolled in T01 were treated with vehicle control every other day (eod) beginning at the estimated Day —~7 prior to calving, and once again at calving. Animals enrolled in T02 were treated with compound Z, 2-Methy!-5-(4'-triflucromethoxy-biphenyi-4-yisulfamoyl)- benzoic acid (EXAMPLE 193) every other day beginning at the estimated Day —7 prior to calving, and once again at calving.

Treatment Dosage | Animals per | Pre Partum Dosing | Treatment at

Treatment (every other day = Calving eod - beginning targeted day -7)

TO1 1 X X

Vehicle =

TO2 0.5mg/k X X pc il I

As soon as possible post-calving (~ 30 minutes) the cow is transferred to the freestall bam for the next scheduled milking (6:00 hrs and 19:00 hrs). Treatments on postpartum animals are administered every other day through day 8. Pre and post-calving NEFA samples are analyzed using the WAKO NEFA-C test kit (#994-75409). Post-calving liver biopsies are performed on all cows on days 5, 10 and 14 post-calving. Tissues are transported on ice and stored frozen at -70°F. At the conclusion of the study, samples are analysed of liver triglyceride levels using the method described by Drackley, J.K. et al. (1991, J Dairy Sci (74):4254-4264).

All animals treated with test article (T02) exhibited significantly lower (p<0.10) serum

NEFA levels as compared to control on days 1-8, with the exceptions of T02 on day 5(p=0.17). All treatment regimens significantly lowered fiver triglyceride levels com pared to placebo at all time points measured (Days 5, 10 and 14 postcalving).

Ketone bodies

Levels of ketone bodies in serum can be measured by standard methods well known to the person skilled in the art, for example, by using the commercially available kits for this purpose, including Sigma BHBA kit of order number 310-A..

Milk content:

Machines to assay for milk protein, fat, or lactose content are commercially available (MilkoScanTM 50, MilkoScanTM 4000, MilkoScanTM FT 6000 available from Foss Group).

Machines to assay for somatic cell content are also commercially available {Fossomatic TM

FC, Fossomatic TM Minor available from Foss Group).

Compounds used in this invention may be administered alone or in combination with one or more other compounds of the invention or in combination with one or more other drugs (or as any combination thereof).

For example, compounds of this invention can also be mixed with one or more biologically active compounds or agents selected from sedatives, analgesics, antiinlammatories, analeptics, antibacterials, antidiarrhoeals, anti-endotoxin, antifungals, respiratory stimulants, corticosteroids, diuretics, parasiticides, electrolyte preparations and nutritional supplements, growth promoters, hormones, and metabolic disease treatments, giving an even broader spectrum of veterinary or agricultural utility.

Examples of suitable active compounds or agents are found below:

Amylase inhibitors: Acarbose,

Glucosidase Inhibitors: Acarbose;

Sedatives: xylazine;

Analgesics and antiinflammatories: Lignocaine, Procaine, flunixin, oxytetracycline, ketoprofen, meloxicam and carprofen;

Analeptics :Etamiphylline, Doxapram, Diprenorphine, Hyoscine, Ketoprofen,

Meloxicam, Pethidine, Xylazine and Butorphanol;

Antibacterials: Chlortetracycline, Tylosin, Amoxycillin, Ampicillin, Aproamycin,

Cefquinome, Cephalexin, Clavulanic acid, Florfenicol, Danofloxacin, Enrofloxacin,

Marbofloxacin, Framycetin, Procaine penicillin, procaine benzyipenicillin, Benzathine penicillin, sulfadoxine, Trimethoprim, sulphadimidine, baquiloprim,streptomyein, dihydrostreptomycin, sulphamethoxypyridazine, sulphamethoxypuridazine, oxytetracycline, flunixin, tilmicosin, cloxacillin, ethyromycin, neomycin, nafcillin, Aureomycin, lineomycin, cefoperazone, cephalonium, oxytetracycline, formosulphathiazole, sulphadiazine and zinc;

Antidiarrhoeals: Hyoscine, Dipyrone, charcoal, attapulgite, kaolin, Isphaghula husk;

Anti-endotoxins :Flunixin, ketoprofen;

Antifungals : Enilconazole, Natamycin;

Respiratory stimulants: florfenicol;

Corticosteroids: dexamethasone, betamethasone;

Diuretics: frusemide,

Parasiticides — amitraz, dettamethrin, moxidectin, doramectin, alpha cypermethrin, fenvalerate, eprinomectin, permethrin, ivermectin, abamectin, ricobendazole, levamisole, febantel, triclabendazole, fenbendazole, albendazole, netobimin, oxfenazole, oxyclozanide, nitroxynil, morantel;

Electrolyte preparations and nutritional supplements: dextrose, lactose, propylene glycol, whey, glucose, glycine, calcium, cobalt, copper, iodine, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorous, selenium, zinc, Biotin, vitamin By, Vitamin E, and other vitamins;

Growth Promoters: monensin, flavophospholipol, bambermycin, salinomycin, tylosin;

Hormones: chorionic gonadotrophin, serum gonadotrophin, atropine, melatonin, oxytocin, dinoprost, cloprostenol, etiproston, fuprostiol, buserslin, oestradiol, progesterone, and bovine somatotropin; and

Metabolic Disease Treatments: calcium gluconate, calcium borogluconate, propylene glycol, magnesium sulphate.

Compounds of this invention can also be mixed with one or more biologically active compounds or agents selected from antiprotozoals such as imidocarb, bloat remedies such as dimethicone and poloxalene, and probiotics such as Lactobacilli and streptococcus.

Administration of the compounds of the present invention can be via any method which delivers a compound of this invention systemically and/or locally. These methods include oral routes, parenteral, intraduode nal routes, etc. Generally, the compounds of this invention are administered orally, but parenteral administration (e.g., intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous or intramedullary) may be utilized, for example, where oral administration is inappropriate or where the patient is unable to ingest the drug.

In general an amount of a campound of the present invention is used that is sufficient to achieve the therapeutic effect desired (e.g., lipid lowering).

In general an effective dosage for the compounds of the present invention, their prodrugs and the salts of such compounds and prodrugs is in the range of about 0.001 to about 100 mg/kg/day, preferably about 0.005 to about 5 mg/kg/day.

A dosage of the combination pharmaceutical agents to be used in conjuction with the

PPAR agonists is used that is effective for the indication being treated. Such dosages can be determined by standard assays such as those referenced above and provided herein. The combination agents may be administered simuttaneously or sequentially in any order.

For example, typically an effective dosage for HMG-CoA reductase Inhibitors is in the range of about 0.01 to about 100 mg/kg/day.

The compounds of the present invention are generally administered in the form of a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one of the compounds of this invention together with a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle, diluent or carrier. Thus, the compounds of the present invention can be administered individually or together in any conventional oral, parenteral, rectal or transdermal dosage form.

For oral administration a pharmaceutical composition can take the form of solutions, suspensions, tablets, pills, capsules, powders, and the like. Tablets containing various excipients such as sodium citrate, calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate are employed along with various disintegrants such as starch and preferably potato or tapioca starch and certain complex silicates, together with binding agents such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, sucrose, gelatin and acacia. Additionally, jubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate and talc are often very useful for tabletting purposes. Solid compositions of a similar type are also employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules; preferred materials in this connection aiso include lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols. A preferred formulation is a solution or suspension in an oll, for example olive ofl, Miglyol™ or Capmul™, in a soft gelatin capsule. Antioxidants may be added to prevent long term degradation as appropriate. When aqueous suspensions and/or elixirs are desired for oral administration, the compounds of the present invention can be combined with various sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents, em ulsifying agents and/or suspending agents, as well as such diluents as water, ethanol, propylene glycol, glycerin and various like combinations thereof.

For purposes of parenteral administration, solutions in sesame or peanut oil or in aqueous propylene glycol can be employed, as well as sterile aqueous solutions of the corresponding water-soluble salts. Such aqueous solutions may be suitably buffered, if necessary, and the liquid diluent first rendered isotonic with sufficient saline or glucose. These aqueous solutions are especially suitable for intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous and intraperitoneal injection purposes. In this connection, the sterile aqueous media employed are all readily obtainable by standard techniques well known to those skilled in the art.

For purposes of transdermal (e.g., topical) administration, dilute sterile, aqueous or partially aqueous solutions (usually in about 0.1% to 5% concentration), otherwise similar to the above parenteral solutions, are prepared.

Methods of preparing various pharmaceutical compositions with a certain amount of active ingredient are known, or will be apparent in light of this disclosure, to those skilled in this art. For examples of methods of preparing pharmaceutical compositions, see Remington's

Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company, Easter, Pa., 19th Edition (1995).

Pharmaceutical compositions according to the present invention may contain 0.1%- 95% of the compound(s) of the present invention, preferably 1%-70%. In any event, the composition or formulation to be administered will contain a quantity of a compound(s) according to the present invention in an amount effective to treat the disease/condition of the subject being treated, e.g., atherosclerosis.

Since the present invention has an aspect that relates to the treatment of the disease/conditions described herein with a combination of active ingredients, which may be administered separately, the invention aiso relates to combining separate pharmaceutical compositions in kit form. The kit comprises two separate pharmaceutical compositions: a compound of the present invention, a prodrug thereof or a salt of such compound or prodrugs and a second compound as described above. The kit for example comprises means for containing the separate compositions such as a container, a divided bottle or a divided foil packet. Typically the kit comprises directions for the administration of the separate components. The kit form is particularly advantageous when the separate components are preferably administered in different dosage forms (e.g., oral and parenteral), are administered at different dosage intervals, or when titration of the individual components of the combination is desired by the prescribing physician.

An example of such a kit is a so-called blister pack. Blister packs are well known in the packaging industry and are being widely used for the packaging of pharmaceutical unit dosage forms (tablets, capsules, and the like). Blister packs generally consist of a sheet of relatively stiff material covered with a foil of a preferably transparent plastic material. During the packaging process, recesses are formed in the plastic foil. The recesses have the size and shape of the tablets or capsules to be packed. Next, the tablets or capsules are placed in the recesses and the sheet of relatively stiff material is sealed against the plastic foll at the face of the foil which is opposite from the direction in which the recesses were formed. As a result, the tablets or capsules are sealed in the recesses between the plastic foil and the sheet. Preferably the strength of the sheet is such that the tablets or capsules can be removed from the blister pack by manually applying pressure on the recesses whereby an opening is formed in the sheet at the place of the recess. The tablet or capsule can then be removed via said opening.

It may be desirable to provide a memory aid on the kit, @.g., in the form of numbers next to the tablets or capsules whereby the numbers correspond with the days of the regimen which the tablets or capsules so specified should be ingested. Another example of such a memory aid is a calendar printed on the card, e.g., as follows "First Week, Monday, Tuesday, ...etc.... Second Week, Monday, Tuesday,..." etc. Other variations of memory aids will be readily apparent. A “daily dose" can be a single tablet or capsule or several pills or capsules tobe taken on a given day. Also, a dally dose of a compound of the present invention can consist of one tablet or capsule while a dally dose of the second compound can consist of several tablets or capsules and vice versa. The memory ald should reflect this.

In another specific embodiment of the invention, a dispenser designed to dispense the daily doses che at a time in the order of their intended use is provided. Preferably, the dispenser is equipped with a memory-aid, so as to further facilitate compliance with the regimen. An example of such a memory-aid is a mechanical counter which indicates the number of daily doses that has been dispensed. Another example of such a memory-aid Is a battery-powered micro-chip memory coupled with a liquid crystal readout, or audible reminder signal which, for example, reads out the date that the last daily dose has been taken and/or reminds one when the next dose is to be taken.

The compounds of the present invention either alone or in combination with each other or other compounds generally will be administered in a convenient formuiation. The following formulation examples only are illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. in the formulations which follow, "active ingredient” means a compound of the present invention. Fommuiation 1: Gelatin Capsules

Hard gelatin capsules are prepared using the following:

Trgredient Quantity (mglcapsule) “Active ingredient 025100

Starch, NF 0-650

Starch flowable powder 0-50

Silicone fluid 350 centistokes 0-15 ee ——————

A tablet formulation is prepared using the ingredients below.

Formulation 2: Tablets

Segredient Quantity (mglablety “Active ingredient 025100

Cellulose, microcrystalline 200-650

Silicon dioxide, fumed 10-650

Stearate acid 5-18 ——————

The components are blended and compressed to form tablets.

Alternatively, tablets each containing 0.25-100 mg of active ingredients are made up as follows:

Formulation 3: Tablets ingredient Quantity (mghabiet) ’

Active ingredient 025-100

Starch 45

Cellulose, microcrystalline 35

Polyvinyipyrrolidone (as 10% solution in water) 4

Sodium carboxymethyl! cellulose 45

Magnesium stearate 0.5

Talc 1

The active ingredients, starch, and cellulose are passed through a No. 45 mesh u.s. sieve and mixed thoroughly. The solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone is mixed with the resultant powders which are then passed through a No. 14 mesh U.S. sieve. The granules so produced are dried at 50° - 60°C and passed through a No. 18 mesh U.S. sieve. The sodium carboxymethyl starch, magnesium stearate, and talc, previously passed through a No. 60 u.s. sieve, are then added to the granules which, after mixing, are compressed on a tablet machine to yield tablets.

Suspensions each containing 0.25-100 mg of active ingredient per 5 ml dose are made as follows:

Formulation 4: Suspensions

Ingredient Quantity (mg/5 ml)

Active ingredient 0.25-100 mg

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 50 mg

Syrup 1.25mg

Benzoic acid solution 0.10 mL

Flavor q.v.

Color q.v.

Purified Water to 5mL

The active ingredient is passed through a No. 45 mesh U.S. sieve and mixed with the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and syrup to form a smooth paste. The benzoic acid solution, flavor, and color are diluted with some of the water and added, with stirring. Sufficient water is then added to produce the required volume.

An aerosol solution is prepared containing the following ingredients:

Formulation 5: Aerosol

Trgedemt Quanity (%byweigh) “Active mgredent 0

Ethanol 25.75

Propellant 22 (Chlorodifluoromethane) 70.00

The active ingredient is mixed with ethanol and the mixture added to a portion of the propellant 22, cooled to 30°C, and transferred to a filling device. The required amount is then fed to a stainless steel container and diluted with the remaining propellant. The valve units are then fitted to the container.

Suppositories are prepared as follows:

Formulation 6: Suppositories

Theoedent Quantity (mgisuppostory) “Adve mgrediert 250

Saturated fatty acid glycerides 2,000

The active ingredient is passed through a No. 60 mesh U.S. sieve and suspended in the saturated fatty acid glycerides previously melted using the minimal necessary heat. The mixture is then poured into a suppository mold of nominal 2 g capacity and allowed to cool. "An intravenous formulation is prepared as follows:

Formulation 7: Intravenous Solution

Tngedent Quay “Active ingredient dissolved in ethanol 1% 20mg

Intralipid. ™ emulsion 1,000 mL

The solution of the above ingredients is intravenously administered to a patient at a rate of about 1 mL per minute.

Soft gelatin capsules are prepared using the following:

Formulation 8: Soft Gelatin Capsule with Oil Formulation

Thgediemt Quantity (mglcapsule) “Active mgredent 10600

Olive Oil or Miglyol™ Oil 500-1000

The active ingredient above may also be a combination of therapeutic agents.

GENERAL EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES

The following examples are put forth so as to provide those of ordinary skill in the art with a disclosure and description of how the compounds, compositions, and methods claimed herein are made and evaluated, and are intended to be purely exemplary of the invention and are not intended ta limit the scope of what the inventors regard as their invention. Unless indicated otherwise, percent is percent by weight given the component and the total weight of the composition, temperature is in °C or Is at ambient temperature, and pressure is at or near atmospheric. Commercial reagents were utilized without futther purification. Room or ambient temperature refers to 20-25 °C. All non-aqueous rea ctions were run under a nitrogen atmosphere fcr convenience and to maximize yields. Conceratration in vacuo means that a rotary evaporator was used. The names for the compounds of the invention were created by the Autonom 2.0 PC-batch version from Beilstein informations systeme GmbH (ISBN 3-89536- 976-4). “DMSO” means dimethyl sulfoxide.

NMR spectra were recorded on a Varian Unity 400 (Varian Co., Palo Alto, CA} NMR spectrometer at ambient temperature. Chemical shifts are expressed in parts per million (5) relative to an external standard (tetramethyisilane). The peak shapes are denoted as follows: s, singlet; d, doublet, t, triplet, q, quartet, m, multiplet with the prefix br indicating a broadened signal. The coupling constant (J) data given have a maximums error of £0.41Hz due to the digitization of the spectra that are acquired. Mass spectra were obtained by (1) atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) in alternating positive ancl negative ion mode using a

Fisons Platform II Spectrometer or a Micromass MZD Spectro meter (Micromass, Manchester,

UK) or (2) electrospray ionization in alternating positive and nexgative ion mode using a

Micromass MZD Spectrometer (Micromass, Manchester, UK} with a Gilson LC-MS interface (Gilson Instruments, Middleton, W!) or (3) 2a QP-8000 mass sp ectrometer {Shimadzu

Corporation, Kyoto, Japan) operating in positive or negative single ion monitoring mode, utilizing electrospray ionization or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. Where the intensity of chlorine- or bromine-containing ions are described, the expected intensity ratio was observed (approximately 3:1 for *Cl/*’Cl-containing ions and 1:1 for ™Br/*'Br-containing ions) and the position of only the lower mass ion is given.

Column chromatography was performed with either Baker Silica Gel (40 um) (J.T.

Baker, Phillipsburg, N.J.) or Silica Gel 60 (40-63 um)(EM Sciences, Gibbstown, N.J.). Flash chromatography was performed using a Flash 12 or Flash 40 column (Biotage, Dyar Corp.,

Charlottesville, VA). Preparative HPLC purification was perforrmed on a Shimadzu 10A preparative HPLC system (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan) using a model SIL-10A autosampler and model 8A HPLC pumps. Preparative HPLC-NS was performed on an identical system, modified with a QP-8000 mass spectrometer operating in positive or negative single ion monitoring mode, utilizing electrospray ionization or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. Elution was carried out using water/acetonitrile gradients containing either 0.1% formic acid or ammonium hydroxide as a modifier. In acidic mode, typical columns used include Waters Symmetry C8, Sum, 19x50mm or 30x50mm, Waters XTerra

C18, 5um, 50x50 (Waters Corp, Milford, MA) or Phenomenex Synergi Max-RP 4pm,

50x50mm (Phenomenex Inc., Torrance, CA). in basic mode, the Phenomenex Synergi Max-

RP 4pm, 21.2x50mm or 30x50mm columns {Phenomenex Inc., Torrance, CA) were used.

Optical rotations were determined using a Jasco P-1020 Polarimeter Jasco tnc., Easton, MD) Dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, toluene and dichloromethane were the anhydrous grade supplied by Aldrich Chemical Company (Milwaukee, WI). Unless otherwise specified, reagents were used as obtained from commercial sources. The terms “concentrated” and “evaporated” refer to removal of solvent at 4-200 mm of mercury pressure on a rotary evaporator with a bath temperature of Jess than 45°C. The abbreviation “min” stand for “minutes” and *h” or *hr" stand for “hours.” The abbreviation “gm” or “g” stand for grams. The : abbreviation “pl” or “pL” stand for microliters.

EXAMPLE 1: 5-(4-Benzyloxy-phenylsulfamovi}-2-methyl-benzoic acid fo)

Ny

OAC

To a solution of 5-chlorosulfonyl-2-methylbenzoic acid (200 mg, 0.85 mmol) and p- benzyloxyaniline (187 mg, 0.94 mmol) in 6 mi acetone and 3 ml dimethylformamide was added a solution of sodium bicarbonate (215 mg, 0.56 mmol) in 2 mi water. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The acetone was then removed under reduced pressure and the residual mixture was partitioned between 25 ml 1N aqueous hydrochloric acid solution and 25 ml ethyl acetate. The aqueous phase was separated and extracted with 2 x 25 mi ethyl acetate. The combined ethyl acetate extracts were dried (anhydrous sodium sulfate) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 15 gm) eluting with 9:1 chloroform/methanol to yield a white solid (154 mg). The solid was triturated with dichloromethane to yield the title compound (93 mg, 28 % yield) as a white solid. MS: 395.6 (M-1); "H NMR (400 MHz, CD;0D): 8 2.57(s, 3H), 4.96 (s, 2H), 6.81 (m, 2H), 6.83 (m, 2H), 7.30 (m, 6H), 7.60 (m, 1H), 8.20 {(m, 1H).

The title compounds of EXAMPLES 2-26 were prepared using procedures analogous to that of EXAMPLE 1 from appropriate starting materials.

EXAMPLE 2: 2-Methyl-5-[4-(6-methyl-benzothiazol-2-vi}-phenyisulfamoy] benzoic acid

0

OH

H,C Ss Q

N Oo . 8% yield. MS: 439.4 (M+1); '"H NMR (400 MHz, CDs0D): 52.44 (s, 3H), 2 .53 (s, 3H), 7.23 (m, 2H), 7.29 (m, 1H), 7.34 (m, 1H), 7.72 (m, 1H), 7.75 (m, 1H), 7,80 (m, 1H), 7.88 (m, 2H), 8.19 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 3: 2-Methyl-5-[4-(5-methyl-benzooxazol-2-yl)-phenyisulfamoyl] benzoic acid 0

OH

! jg. — Joo

H.C N S 4% yield. MS: 423.4 (M+1); "H NMR (400 MHz, CD;0D): 52.42 (s, 3H), 2.51 (s, 3H), 7.17 (m, 1H), 7.26 (m, 2H), 7.35(m, 1H), 7.44 (m, 2H), 7.56 (m, 1H), 8.0 (m, 2H), 815 (m, 1H). .

EXAMPLE 4: 5-(4-Benzooxazol-2-yl-phenylsutfamoy}-2-methyk-benzoic acid

Oo

OH

0 ?

N o} 10 % yield. MS: 407.1 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD,OD): 52.48 (s, 3H), 7.38 (m, 3H), 7.65 (m, 1H), 7.7 (m, 1H), 7.92 (m, 3H), 8.22 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 5: 2-Methvi-5-{4-(5-phenyl-benzooxazol-2-yi)-phenvisulfamoyf] -benzoic acid

Q

OH

T-0O- che

Soa ieiiinds 7% yield. MS: 483.2 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD,0D): 52.48 (s, 3H), 7.35 (m,2H), 7.44 (m, 2H), 7.64 (m, 3H), 7.71 (d, 1H), 7.82 (m, 1H), 7.92 (m, 4H), 8.23 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 6: 5-[4-(5-Chloro-benzooxazol-2-vi}-phenylsulfamoyfl-2-methyl —benzoic acid

Oo

OH o) ? y/ N= CH, cl N Ho 10 % yield. MS: 441.1 (M-1); TH NMR (400 MHz, CD,OD): $2.47 (s, 3H), 7.37 (m, 2H), 7.63 {d, 1H), 7.7 (b, 1H), 7.81 (m, 1H), 7.92 (m, 3H), 8.21 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 7: 5-(4-Benzothiazol-2-yl-phenyisulfamovyl}-2-methyl-benzoic acid 0

OH s Q p N-S CH,

HU .

N 0] 7% yield. MS: 425.1 (M+1), 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD;0D); 5246 (s, 3H), 7.26 (m, 3H), 7.37 {t, 1H), 7.47 (t, 1H), 7.62 (d, 1H), 7.91 (m 4H), 7.98 (b, 1H).

EXAMPLE 8:2-Methvi-5-[4-{4-trifluoromethyl-benzylsulfanyl)-phenwisutfamoyl}-benzoic acid

QO

FF OH aS

Oo 33% yield. MS: 480.2 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD;OD): 52.49 (s, 3H), 4.04 (s, 2H), 6.96 (d, 2H), 7.1 (d, 2H), 7.23 (d, 1H), 7.29 (m, 2H), 7.47 (m, 3H), 7.94(b, 1 H). 16 EXAMPLE 9: 2-Methvl-5-[4-(4-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxy}-phenylsulfamoyll-benzoic acid (0)

FF OH

FO yp Coo o . 28% yield. MS: 464.1 (M-1); H NMR (400 MHz, CD;OD): 82.56 (s , 3H), 5.07 (s, 2H), 6.83 (m, 2H), 6.95 (m, 2H), 7.30 (d, 1H), 7.57 (m, 3H), 7.63 (d, 2H), 8.13 (s, 1H).

EXAMPLE 10: 2-Methyl-5-(4-styryl-phenylsulfamoyt)-benzoic acid a

SN] g o OH

CH, 33% yield. MS: 392.2 (M-1), "H NMR (400 MHz, CD,0D): 32.54 (s, 3H), 7.05 (m, 4H), 7.18 {t, 1H), 7.26-7.4 (m, 5H), 7.46 (m, 2H), 7.67 (m, 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H).

EXAMPLE 11: 2-Methyl-5-[4-(3-trifluoromethyl-benzyisulfanyl )-phenyisulfamo vi]-benzoic acid 0. OH

A

AR

AT

0] “or 21% yield. MS: 480.1 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD;OD): 52.59 (s, 3H), 4.06 (s, 2H), 6.98 (m, 2H), 7.13 (m, 2H), 7.34 (m, 3H), 7.44 (m, 2H), 7.68 (m, 2H), 8.26 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 12: 5-[4-{4-teri-Butyl-benzyisulfanyl)-phenvisulfamovl]-2-methyl-benzoic acid 0] pe

Q

NH OL

I] (0)

S

H.C

HsC

CH, 31% yield. MS: 468.2 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD,OD): 31.24 (s, 9H), 2.57 (s, 3H), 3.95 (s, 2H), 6.95 (m, 2H), 7.05 (d, 1H), 7.11 (m, 1H), 7.21 (d, 1H), 734 (d, 1H), 7.66 (Mm, 1H), 8.22 {d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 13: 5-(4-Benzothiazol-2-yl-phenyisulfamowl}-2-ethyl-benzoic acid 0)

OH

S N Q

) { > —

N H i CH, 6% yield. MS: 439.1 (M+1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD,0D): $1.18 (t, 3H), 2.96 (gq, 2H), 7.27 (d, 2H), 7.39 (t, 2H), 7.49 (t, 1H), 7.79 (d, 1H), 7.94 (m, 4H), 8.15 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 14: 2-Ethy}-5-[4-(5-methvi-benzooxazol-2-yl)-phenylsulfamoyli-benzoic acid 0]

OH jas p — 1

H,C N le) CH; 9% yield. MS: 437.1 (M+1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD,OD): 51.18 (t, 3H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.954q, 2H), 7.19 (m, 1H), 7.29 (m, 2H), 7.38 (d, 1H), 7.47 (d, 2H), 7.78 (m, 1H), 8.04 (d, 2H), 8.2 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 15: 2-Ethyl-5-[4-(4-trifluoromethvi-benzylsulfanyl)-phenvisulfamoyll-benzoic acid (0)

F OH

TO) 2 i iB cH, 32% yield. MS: 495.2 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD,0OD): §1.17 (t, 3H), 2.93 (q, 2H), 4.04 (s, 2H), 6.97 (m, 2H), 7.11 (m, 2H), 7.3 (m, 3H), 7.46 (d, 2H), 7.59 (m, 1H), 8.0 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 16: 5-[4-(4-Isopropyl-benzyisulfanyt)-phenylsutfamoyll-2-methyi-benzoic acid [®) OH & ” (@)

Jef 1 oO

S

«JO

CH,

B67- 10% vield. MS: 454.2 (M-1); HNMR (400 MHz, CD30D): $1.17 (d, 6H), 2.8 (m, 1H), 3.94 (s,

ZH), 6.95 (d, 2H), 7.04 (5, 4H), 7.1 (m, 2H), 7.31 (d, 1H), 7.61 (d, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H).

EXAMPLE 17: 2-Methyl-5-[4-(4-triflucromethoxy-benzylsulfan henylisulfamoyll-benzoic acd

Os__OH

CH, y lo) . KX!

S

Lr o

Lo )

Ao 29 % yield. MS:496.1 (M-1); "H NMR (400 MHz, CD,0D): 52.59 (s, 3H), 4.01 (s, 2H), 6.98 (m, 2H), 7.06 (d, 2H), 7.14 (m, 2H), 7.20 (d, 2H), 7.36 (d, 1H), 7.67 (d, 1H), 8.22 (s, 1H).

EXAMPLE 18: 5-f4~(4-Chioro-benzyisulfanyl)-phenylsuifamovil-2-methyl-benzoic acid [e} OH

CH,

H (e] 3 ra oe

Cl 7% yield. MS: 448.1 (M+1), 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD,0OD): 52.53 (s, 3H), 3.95 (s, 2H), 6.95 (d, 2H), 7.09 (t, 4H), 7.14 {d. 2H), 7.28 (d, 1H), 7.55 (m, 1H), 8.07(d, 1H). 16 EXAMPLE 19: 2-Methyi-5-[4-(3-phenoxy-benzylsulfanyl}-phenvisulfamoyi]-benzoic acid

Os OH ’

CH, 4 [e] 1 25% yield. MS: 504.2 (M+1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD50D): 52.54 (s, 3H), 3.94 (s, 2H), 6.77 (m, 4H), 6.88 (d, 1H), 6.95 (d, 2H), 7.09 (m, 4H), 7.28 (m, 3H), 7.63 (m, 1H), 8.24 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 20: 2-Methyi-5-(4-{2-[2(4-triflucromethyi-phenyl)-thiazol-4-vil-ethoxy}- phenyisuifamovi}benzoic acid

Sy :

F N o OH 1 ren 72 % yield. MS: 563.1 (M+1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD,0D): 52.54 (s, 3H), 3.22 (t, 2H), 4.27 (1, 2H), 6.77 (m, 2H), 6.93 (m, 2H), 7.29 (d, 1H), 7.34 (s, 1H), 7.55 (m, 1H), 7.74 (d, 2H), 8.09 (d, 3H).

EXAMPLE 21: 2-Methyl-5-(4-{2-[2-{4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-thiazol-4-yli-ethoxy}- phenylsulfamoyl}-benzoic acid

F S

Fo

F A 0 A

Oren © 31% yield. MS: 579.1 (M+1); H NMR (400 MHz, CD,0OD): 52.48 (s, 3H), 3.20 (i, 2H), 4.25 (t, 2H), 6.75 (d, 2H), 6.94 (d, 2H),7.22 (m, 1H), 7.29 (s, 1H), 7.35 (m, 2H), 7.44 (m, 1H), 7.89 (s, 1H), 8.00 (d, 2H).

EXAMPLE 22: 2,3-Dimethyl-5-[4-(5-methyl-benzooxazol-2-yl}-phenyisulfamoyil-benzoic acid 0)

OH

0 q

OC

H 0

H.C N (o]

CH, 7% yield. MS: 437.3 (M+1),; 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD;0D): 52.38 (s, 3H), 2.39 {s, 3H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 7.23 (d, 1H), 7.53 (m, 2H), 7.74 (s, 2H), 7.94 (d, 2H), 8.21 (d, 2H).

EXAMPLE 23: 2.6-Dimethyl-3-[4-(6-methyl-benzothiazol-2-yi)-phenylsulfamovil-benzoic acid

JOOS WLY

HC S ps CH, 0]

H.C 0)

HO

16% yield. MS: 453.1 (M+1); "H NMR (400 MHz, CD5OD): 82.33 (s, 3H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 2.63 (s, 3H), 7.2-7.3 (c, 3H), 7.32 (¢, 1H), 7.73 (s, 1H}, 7.8 (d, 1H), 7.88 (m, 2H), 8.0 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 24: 2.6-Dimethyl-3-[4-{3-trifluoromethoxy-benzyisulfanyl}-phenylsulfamoyll-benzoic acid

CH, i LI 2%

F . 6% yield. MS: 510.1 (M-1); H NMR (400 MHz, CD,0D): 52.34 (s, 3H), 2.57 (s, 3K), 4.02 (s, 2H), 6.95 (m, 2H), 7.07 (d, 1H) 7.12 (m, 4H), 7.22 (m, 2H), 7.85 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 25: 2.6-Dimethyl-3-[4-(4-trifluoromethoxy-benzylsutfanyl}phenvisulfamovll-benzoic acid 0

F H,C OH

On od

F Ss N-S CH,

Hl [o] 32 % yield. MS: 510.3 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD;0D): $2.35 (s, 3H), 2.62 (s, 3H), 4.01 (s, 2H), 6.97 (m, 2H), 7.12 (m, 5H), 7.24 (d, 2H), 7.77 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 26: 2,6-Dimethyl-3-(4'-trifluoromethoxy-biphenyl-4-ylsulfamoyi}-benzoic acid

CH, 0] ig CIs

JTLT

LC

Ao

F

13 % yield. TH NMR (400 MHz, CDsOD): 82.33 (s, 3H), 2.62 (s, 3H), 7.17 (m, 2H), 7.22 (d, 1H), 7.28 (d, 2H), 7.47 (m, 2H), 7.60 (m, 2H), 7.93 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 27; 5-[4-{4-tert-Butyl-phenoxy}-phenyisulfamoyl]-2-methyl-benzoic acid

0)

OH

CH; 0

CH, Oo

A solution of 4-(4-tert-butyl-phenoxy}-phenylamine (0.1 g, 0.41 mmol). 5-chlorosulfonyt-2- methylbenzoic acid (0.097 g, 0.41 mmol) and pyridine (0.1 ml, 1.24 mmol) in 2 ml anhydrous tetrahydrofuran was heated at 60° C for 2 hr. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with 30 mi ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate solution was washed sequentially with 25 ml 1N aqueous hydrochloric acid solution and 25 mi brine, dried (anhydrous sodium sulfate) and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by preparative thick layer chromatography (silica gel), eluting with 9:1 chiloroform/methanoi to yield the title compound. 82% yield. MS: 438.3 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD,0D): §1.30 (s, 9H), 2.58 (s, 3H), 6.82 (m, 4H), 7.02 (d, 2H), 7.36 (d, 3H), 7.63 (d, 1H), 8.1 (b, 1H).

The title compounds of EXAMPLES 28-40 were prepared using procedures analogous to that 16 of EXAMPLE 27 from appropriate starting materials.

EXAMPLE 28: 5-[4-(4-Ethyl-benzyisuifanyi}-phenylsutfamoyll-2-methyi-benzoic acid

O~_ OH

Pea ol 0

[0] .

S

78% yield. MS: 442.1 (M+1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD,0D): $1.15 (t, 3H), 2.54 {(q, 2H), 2.57 {s, 3H), 3.94 (s, 2H), 6.94 (m, 3H), 7.01 (m , 3H), 7.10 (d, 2H). 7.33 (d, 1H), 7.64 (m, 1H), 8.20 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 29: 2-Methyl-5-[3-methyl-4-(4-trifluoromethyi-benzyloxy)- phenyisulfamoyi]-benzoic acid

0]

F a H,C OH " 0 t C

F N i H, 6% yield. MS: 478.2 (M-1}; TH NMR (400 MHz, CD;0D): §2.17 (s, 3H), 2.60 (s, 3H), 5.11 (s, 2H), 6.80 (m, 2H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 7.36 (d, 1H), 7.63 (m, 5H), 8.20 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 30: 2-Methyl-5-[2-methyi-4-{4-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxy)-phenvisulfamoyll-benzoic acid (0)

F CH, OH

Fy—¢ a Q _—

F 0 N-% \ / CH, 0] 65% yield. 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD3;0D): 52.00 (s, 3H), 2.62 (s, 3H), 5.10 (s, 2H), 6.71 (m, 1H), 6.79 (d, 1), 6.87 {d, 1H), 7.36 (d, 1H), 7.59 (m, 3H), 7.66 (d, 2H).

EXAMPLE 31: 5-{4-{2-[5-(3,5-Dimethyi-pheny)-[1,3,4loxadiazol-2-ylsulfanyl}-ethvi}- phenvisulfamoyi}-2-methyl-benzoi¢ acid

OH

CH aN: INS we O~""% o CH, 49% yield. MS: 524.4 (M+1); HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl,): 82.36 (s, 3H), 2.59 (s, 3H), 3.03 {t, 2H), 3.41 (t, 2H), 7.05 (d, 2H), 7.13 (d, 3H), 7.27, (b, 1H), 7.61 (s, 2H), 7.75 (b, 1H), 8.14 (b, 1H).

EXAMPLE 32; 5-(4-{2-[5-(3,5-Dichloro-phenvl)-[1,3 4loxadiazol-2-ylsulfanvi]-ethyl}- phenylisulfamovyi}-2-methyl-benzoic acid ’

OH al © o N-N te Y3gA ~~) a 0]

Cl 90% yield. MS: 566.3 (M+1); TH NMR (400 MHz, CDCL): 52.55 (s, 3H), 2.97 (t, 2H), 3.38 (t, 2H), 7.03 (m, 5H), 7.18 (d, 1H), 7.63 (d, 1H), 7.63 (m, 1H), 7.77 (m, 1H), 8.02 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 33: 5-[4-(3-Diflugromethoxy-benzyisulfanyl}-phenyisulfamoyil-2-methyi-benzoi acid

OH F o—L

[0] 0 F

H,C Es (o] 40 % yield. MS:478.2 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD,0D): 52.58 (s, 3H), 4.01 (s, 2H), 6.98 (c, 5H), 7.14 (m, 2H), 7.20 {t, 1H), 7.33 (d, 1H), 7.63 (m, 1H), 7.87 (s, 1H), 8.19 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 34: 2-Methyi-5-[4-(2-trifluoromethoxy-benzyisulfanyl)-phenylsulfamovil-benzoic acid

OH

© ? ao Yu) 0 lo)

F

1

F

27% yield. MS: 498.3 (M+1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl,): 52.60 (s, 3H), 3.98 (s, 2H), 7.01 (d, 2H), 7.10 {c, 5H), 7.23 (c, 2H), 7.68 (m, 1H), 8.41 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 35: 2-Methyl-5-[4-(4-triflucromethyl-phenylsulfamovi}-phenylsulfamoyvil-benzoic acid

Q aula’ Spun

F lo} NR CH,

Oo 6% yield. MS: 512.9 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD;OD): $2.55 (s, 3H), 7.20 (m, 3H), 7.30 (d, 1H), 7.48 (d, 2H), 7.66 (m, 3H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 8.20 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 36; 5-{4-[5-(4-Ethyl-phenvyl)-[1.3 4]oxadiazol-2-y{}-phenylsulfamoyi}-2-methyl- benzoic acid 0

N— ~O3-0c

H,C 0 N-% CH,

34% yield. 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD,0D): 51.28 {t, 3H), 2.60 (s, 3H), 2.74 (q, 2H), 7.34 (m, 2H), 7.43 (m, 3H), 7.87 (m, 2H), 8.03 (m, 3H), 8.38 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 37: 5-[4-(5-tert-Butyi-[1,3,4]oxadiaz I-2-vi)-phenylsulfamoyil-2-meth l-benzoic acid

O

OH

H, N—N 0 fo I

HC N—S CH, fe) H I

CH, 0] 51% yield. MS: 416.7 (M+1); "H NMR (400 MHz, CD;OD): 81.46 (s, gH), 2.60 (s, 3H), 7.30 (m, 2H), 7.42 (d, 1H), 7.84 (m, 1H), 7.89 (m, 2H), 8.35 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 38: 2-Methyl-5-{4-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl M1.3.4loxadiazolk2-V1]- phenytsulfamoyl}-benzoic acid (o}

F

N—

OBO

F 0 N-% CH, o] 6% yield. MS: 518.0 (M+1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD;0D): §2.47 (s, 3H), 7.2-7.34 (m, 4H), 7.50 (d, 1H), 7.67 (m, 1H), 7.92-8.04 (m, 4H), 8.22 (d, 1H). "15 EXAMPLE 39: 2-Methyl-5-[4-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yicarbamoyi)-phenyisuttamovil- penzoic acid methyl ester

F XY © 0 “0, tl

R

H H O

60% vield. MS: 492.0 (M-1)

EXAMPLE 40: 5.{4-(5-Cyclohexyl-[1,3.4loxadiazol-2-vi)-phenyisulfamoyfl-2-methyi-benzoic acid methvi ester

Qo. 7 0

MYC HQ

\ N—§ 0] 32% yield. MS: 454.1 (M-1)

The title compounds of EXAMPLES 41-82 were prepared using procedures analogous to that of EXAMPLE 1 from appropriate starting materials.

Chemical Structure Chemical Name Data

H © 0}

NJ & 5-(4-Benzyloxy- v7 OH 29% 41 o (®) phenylsulfamoyl)-2- yield. MS:

Sf cl chloro-benzoic acid 416.2 (M- 1)

H Oo

N< 2 36%

S 2-Chloro-5-(4-oxazol-5- 42 o OH \-phenylsulfamoyl)- yield. MS: -phenylsulfamo ¢ : P o acid 379.29 enzoic aci \ | Cc! (M1)

N

2-Chloro-5-(4- iohexy! 44% cyclohexyl- 43 H o ’ isulfamoyl)- yield. MS: enylsulfamo

Nig’ : y y 392.0 (M- enzoic aci d OH 1

Cl

H.C

Co 2-Chloro-5-{4-(6-methyl- | 4% yieid. a4 N= benzothiazol-2-y1)- MS:

H o phenylisulfamoyl]- 459.2 . N< 2”

Foo benzoic acid (M+1)

Cl

H,C a 2-Chloro-5-(4-hexylo 46% 0- exyloxy- us RQ nenysut y ¥" | yield. Ms: enyisulfamo

H 0 Pp y 410.3 (M- ~g benzoic acid &’ OH 1)

Cl

[ Ex. | Chemical Structure Chemical Name

A

2-Chloro-5-(4-styryl- 29% 45 phenylsuffamoyl}- yield. MS: 2] y oO 0] benzoic acid 411.9 (M-

J

$F Cr R

Cl

Ql 2-Chloro-5-(4- ! 41%

N phenylcarbamoy!- . 47 H henylsulfamoy) yield. MS: enylsulfamoyl)-

Ho phenysutamoy 431.2 ~g benzoic acid / OH (M+1) 0]

Cl

F eA F 2-Chloro-5-[4-(3- >) I uorome razol-1-

NN Johenyi oo . yield. MS: enylsulfamoyl}-

TL, o yTPnenyisaTamoy w62

Nog’ benzoic acid (M+1) 0 OH ) Cl

N=y ~u 2-Chloro-5-(4- 17% 1,2,3]thiadiazol-4- ield. MS: 49 H 0 6 [ Jthiadi yi- yiel 8 OH phenylsulfamoyl)- 394.3 (M- © benzoic acid 1)

Cl

AL 2-Chioro-5-(4- 36% phenylamino- yield. MS: 50 H o

N.g phenylsulfamoyl)- 403.1 o OH benzoic acid (M+1)

Cl

EX. | Chemical Structure [Cremieal Name Dalz _| Name [Data ) | Ci : : i a. 2-Chloro-5-{4-(4-chloro- | 41% phenoxy}- yield. MS: | N92 phenylsulfamoyl}- 436.0 (M- > OH benzoic acid 1)

Cl

H.C hn. 51% eo} 2-Chloro-5-(4-pentyloxy- | yield. 52 phenylsutfamaoyt)- MS:

H o 0

NL benzoic acid 396.0 (M- i» OH ! [eo] 1)

Cl 0 7% yield. 5-(4-Benzoyl- er 53 a. & phenylsulfamoyl)-2- “161 2 oH | chloro-benzoic acid 0) (M+1)

Cl

NP

Or 3S. 2-Chioro-5-(4- 5% yield. (o] TL o phenylsulfamoyt- MS:

Ng! op | Premvisuamoyi)- 465.0 o benzoic acid (M-1)

Cl

CH,

ON

SS 2-Chloro-5-[2~(5-methyl- | 5% yield. 55 o) 2-phenyl-oxazol-4- MS: \ 0 yimethyl)-benzofuran-5- | 524.3

Art ylsulfamoyl]-benzoic acid | (M+1)

J OH of}

i — chi 5 38% \ / y > noe yield. / ) enyls ulfanyl- % S Nog? i . }- MS: mo

J oH | Pe y 418.0 benzoic acid

Ci (M-1)

GH, 0} g 2-Chioro-5-4{4-{2-(4- 13% 57 methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl} | yield. $ A o phenyls ulfamoyf}- MS:442.1

I oS benzoic acid M-1)

Ao cl

Ql 2-Chioro-5-[3-(2- 54% 0 phenoxy-ethoxy)- yield. MS: 58 Q phenylsulfamoyl}- 446.1 o 0 OH | penzoic acid (M-1)

H Oo

Q

O 4% yield - 0 2-Chloro-5-[4~(5-p-tolyk-

Sd ' [1,3.4loxadiazok-2-yl)- (0) 0 470.2 phenylsulfamoyi}- (M+1)

HC benzoic acid 0] 2-Chloro-5-{4-(4,5- 31% yield

I OH

6 Ci _ o dichioro-imidazol-1-yl} | MS: as Cl | phenylsutfamoyil- 448.0

N=~/ H i oO benzoic acid (m+1)

FEx. | Chemical Structure Chemical Name ; 0 (] 2-Chioro-5-{4-[2-(4- 45% yield a 7 8) hydroxy-phenyl}-vinyl}- | MS: 61 © = H i phenylsulfamoyf}- 428.1

HO benzoic acid (M-1)

Q_ | 2-Chloro-5-[4-(4- 15% yield

FF 4 trifluoromethyi- | Ms: ks J a od) Bl Q J) benzyloxy)- 484.1

N 8 phenylsulfamoyl}- (M-1) benzoic acid

QO 2-Chiloro-5-[444-

E a 35% yield

F q 4 trifluoromethyi- MS: 63 7 a Ss Ys § ) benzylsulfanyl)- coo.

Io} phenylsulfamoyl]- a. (M-1) benzoic acid ! Q on | ZCerosu22.2- 39% yield

F 0] . trifluoro-acetylamino)- MS: on | 9

F N N—S Cl phenyisulfamoyl}- 421.0

H H 5 benzoic acid {M-1)

Q 50% yield 0 4 2-Chloro-5-(4-heptyloxy- ME: 65 | HiCa~~ o~ i Q ) phenylsulfamoyl)- 423 5 0 benzoic acid ) (M-1)

Q 0, lo} 47%

Q 5-(4-Butoxy- yield. 66 neo Hn Cl| phenytsulfamoyl)-2- MS: 0 chloro-benzoic acid 382.4 (M-1)

Ex. | Chemical Structure Chemical Name [Data

H,C—O i

Q o 2-Chloro-5-{4-(4- 43% yield 67 0 methoxy-phenylamino} | MS: v— H cl | phenylsulfamoyl}- 433.0

H H LL benzoic acid (M+1)}

Q 9; 2-Chloro-5-(4- 14% vield 68 E Io) © trifluoromethyisulfanyl- MS:

F—— syns cl phenylsulfamoyl)- 410.0

F Ho benzoic acid (M-1)

R %e d 5% yiel o OR 5.(4-Benzooxazol-2-y- ve y 0) i : 69 — - Hs c| | phenylsutfamoyi)-2 429.1

N HM chioro-benzoic acid 0 (M+1) 0 fo) i 2% yield

H o 5-[4-(1H-Benzoimidazol- MS:

N it y N : 70 4 )- N—S cl 2-yi)}-phenyisulfamoyf}-2 428.1

N H XU chloro-benzoic acid o (M+1) 0

OH 2-Chloro-5-[4-(5-methyl- | 13% yield 71 0] i | benzooxazol-2-yl}- MS:

K N i phenylsutfamoyil- 443.1

HC benzoic acid (M+1) 0, o OH | 2_Chloro-5-[4-(5-phenyl- | 14% yield 0] 72 $ Ory Cl | benzooxazol2-yl} MS:

C N phenylsulfamoyl}- 505.0 benzoic acid (M+1)

0]

OH | 5% yield 0 5-{4-Benzothiazol-2-yi- MS:

S Yo : 73 — ws ci phenyisulfamoyl)-2 445.1

N —/ HX chioro-benzoic acid 0 (M-1) 0) fe) 2.Chloro-5-[4-(5-chloro- | 7% vield fo) Q benzooxazol-2-yi)- MS: 74 - ci x — N ? phenylsulfamoyl]- 463.0 a N © benzoic acid (M-1)

R 58% yield (0) ob yie: 5-(4-Be od yi 0 phenytsulfamoyl)-2- 398.3

HI hydroxy-benzoic acid 0 (M-1)

Q 58% yield a 2 | eteBenayony MS: 76 0 N- 4 0 phenyisutfamoyl)-2- “1 16 un CH, | methoxy-benzoic acid (M-1)

O,

OH| 2-Ethoxy-5-(4"- 88% yield

F : , . 2 |e | ° ATA: 0 tifluoromethoxy MS: ; 3 > biphenyl-4-yisutfamoyl}- | 480.3

H.C | benzoic acid (M-1)

Q 60 % 0 . 3{4-Benzyloxy- yield 78 o {Hn phenylsulfamoyi)- MS: —/ H g benzoic acid 381.6 (M-1)

CL LC BN Lo

I R J 3-4-(4-Trifluoromethyl- | 49% yield + ol ~ benzyisulfanyl)- MS:

F s— N-& phenyisulfamoyl]- 466.3 © benzoic acid {M-1) 0) q 3-[4-(5-Methyl- 12% yield 80 o Q bes benzooxazol-2-yl)- MS: x a N=& phenyisulfiamoyl]- 409.0

HC N © benzoic acid (M+1) < d 3-[4-(6-Methyl- 17% yield 81 H,C s Q Ios benzothiazol-2-yl}- MS:

XI — Si phenylsulfamoyll- 425.1 ! N © benzoic acid (M+1)

OH ho a UTC ail 82 8 H “AJ benzylsulfanyl)- Yield. phenyisulfamoyi}- MS:498.3 =a benzoic acid M+1)

EXAMPLE 83: 2-Methyl-5-[4-{4-trifluoromethvl-benzvisulfanvi}-phenyisulfamovil-benzoic acid methyl ester . o F Hy

F 0]

I 9

F Yr In o

A solution of sodium bicarbonate (667 mg, 7.94 mmol) in 4.5 ml water was added to a solution of 4-(4-trifiuoromethyi-benzylsulfanyl}-phenylamine (750 mg, 2.65 mmol) and 5- chlorosulfonyl-2-methyl-benzoic acid methyl ester (855 mg, 3.44 mmo!) in 14 ml acetone and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature ovemight. The reaction mixture was then diluted with 60 ml chloroform and washed sequentially with 1N aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (2 x 50 ml), water (50 ml) and brine (40 mi). The chloroform solution was dried {anhydrous sodium sulfate) and concentrated under reduced pressure to a brownish oil {1.58 g). The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (silica ge I, 40 g), eluting with 8:2 hexane/ethyl acetate to yield a yellowish oil (1.3 g). Trituration of the ©il in 5 mi of a mixture of 98:2 hexane/diethyl ether and filtration of the resulting solid yielded the title compound as a white solid (1.13 g, 86% yield). MS: 480.2 (M-1)

The title compounds of EXAMPLES 84-153 were prepared using procedures analogous to that of EXAMPLE 83 from appropriate starting materials and are shown in the table that follows.

Ex. | Chemical Structure Chemical Name

CH

I 3

Oy0

CH, 5-{4-(Biphenyi-4- 18% ag yimethyisulfanyl)- yield. 84 NH oO phenyisulfamoylf}- 2- MS:

Or methy-benzoic acid | 502.2 ® S methyl ester (M-1) oJ 4-[2-(4-Chloro- 544-2 8% phenyl)-thiazol-5- . yield. pS yimethylsulfanyl} MS: "NS . 0 henyisulfamoyi}-2-

NH phenyt vi . 545.1 methyl-benzoic acid (M1) \ J methyl ester

Chemical Structure Chemical Name Data i CHy | :

Os 0 i 2-Methyl-5-[4- i CH, 10 % {quinolin-2- )

Os yimethylsulfanyl)- yield. 86 70 nenyisulfamoyl] MS: enylsulfamoyl]-

A Pp oo y 479.2

N benzoic acid methyl

Co Ns NF (M+1) ester i = : o, 2-Methyl-5-{4-(5- lo] yi-5-f4-( 559% phenyl- old teid.

Qe CHy| [1,2,4Joxadiazol-3- Le ~N IN : 87 A 0 methyisuifan

A) vimethylsutanyl-

N phenyisulfamoyl]- (M1) od benzoic acid methyl ester

CH, 0 / 0] 5-{4-(4-Fluoro- 67% 0 CH, benzytsulfanyl)- yield. 88 Sg phenyisulfamoyi}-2- MS:

N © methyl-benzoic acid 446.2

Ls methyl ester (M+1) 1 CH, 0x0 2-Methyi-5-{4- (naphthalen-2 49% naphthalen-2-

CH, P yield. o yimethylisulfanyl)- MS: 89 Ss enylsulfamo ’

To ph y vi 478.2 benzoic acid methyl (M+1) ester

Ex. | Chemical Structure Chemical Name

Zi CH, 1 ; HO

ANS NN O| 2-Methy}-5-[4-(3- 76%

JO 3 o | tifluorormethoxy- yield.

ES] | - . 90 CH, benzyisulfanyl) MS: phenyisuiifamoyl(l- 511.9 eR 6 benzoic acid methyl | (M+1) i hd aster

F

70%

Nor 2-Methyr-s- or yield. 0] {1,141 "fterphenyi-4- "| OOO ET =

H i 3} yisulfam oyl)}-benzoic 458.3 acid methyl ester (M+1)

CH

: CH, 5-[(4-Hydroxy- 60% i Io) biphenyl—4-yl}-propyl- yield. 92 "5 © sulfamoyi}-2-methyl- 0] ? benzoic acid methyl MS: > CH, | ester 440.2

HO (M+1)

Q_ [CH, |5H41H- 41%

Oo Benzoim idazol-2-yl)- | yield. 93 N, N ? cH, phenyisu famoyl]-2- MS:

N H i methyl-benzoic acid 420.0

H methyl ester (M-1)

CH

0] 80%

NS 0 2-Methyl-5-(4*-

S yield. 04 3 propoxy-biphenyl-4- MS:

OC) %. ylsulfamowyl)-benzoic 438.3 acid methyt ester )

HC ~o 4 (M-1)

I'Ex. | Chemical Structure Chemical Name [Data ! : 0 64% o-cl 2-Methyl-5-(2-phenyl-

N yield. ! 0 benzooxazol-6- 95 7 I MS: 0 N-S CH; | yisulfamoyl)-benzoic

H Hh 423.3 0 acid methyl ester (M+1) 0 49%

O-C| 2-Methyl-5-(2-phenyl- | i

N . yield. 0 benzothiazol-6- 96 7 I MS:

S N—S CH; | ylsutfamoyl)-benzoic

HU 439.3 0) acid methyl ester (M+1) 0 0, od 5-(5-tert-Buty- 50 % 0 Q benzooxazol-2-yl}- yield. & ng LL = NE CH, phenylsulfamoyl]-2- MS:

H.C cH, methyl-benzoic acid 479.5 methyl ester (M+1) 83% yield.

Q 5-[4-(3,4-Difluoro- MS: 0 0-C benzyisulfanyl)- 462.2 98 pao ue CH, | phenyisutfamoyi}-2- (M-1)

F HO methyl-benzoic acid : methyl ester

FOF 5-[4-(3,5-Bis- - | Q 4 65% 0 O-Q trifluoromethyi- eid yield. [ ifan ” ar i I Le nyisulfamoyl}-2-

F 0 pre roe aad | 2922

FF methyl-benzoic aci (M-1) methyl ester

Ex. | Chemical Structure Chemical Name cr 2-MethyF5-{4-(2- 74% £ Q oC friflucromethyl- yield. 100 | Q __ benzylsuifanyl)- MS: s— Ns \ / CH, | phenylisulfamoyi]- 494.2 fo benzoic acid methyl | (M-1) ! ester

Q 5-[4-(3,4-Dimethyl- 92% bl © 9 © benzylsulfanyl)- yield. ] 101 LI Ch CH, | phenylsulfamoyf}-2- MS:

HC Ho methy-benzoic acid | 454.3 methyl ester (M-1) 4-(2,4-Bis-

F F o 54 ( 88%

F trifluoromethyi- .

F 0=¢ benzyisulfanyl)- ied, 102 | ¢ ? MS:

E s—~_)N3 CH, | phenylsulfamoyi}-2- 561.8 o methyl-benzoic acid (M-1) methyl ester cl 0) 5-{4-(2-Chloro-4- 93% o O=C fuoro-benzyisulfanyly | yield. 1 - . 103 | F s NS CH, phenyisulfamoyl}-2 MS:

Ho methyl-benzoic acid 477.9 methyl ester (M-1)

Cl 4-(5,6-Difluoro-

NS $g | SHHes 65% i benzothiazol-2- .

N ‘ J O| yimethyisuftanyl) yield . methylsulfanyl)- 104 Ss YY oatamonz. | MS : | phenylsulfamoyl)-2-

F S | 5221 me enzoic ac wb (M+1)

F methyl ester

Ex. | Chemical Structure Chemical Name i Tr > 5-[4~(5-Fluoro-

H 65% a: — A b% benzothiazol-2- . y ! ield. ps { yimethyisuffanyl)- y 105 o MS: phenyisuifamoyl]-2-

C oh 503.0 0 methyl-benzoic acid “oH M1) 3} methyl ester

H,C 0) 5-[4-(3,5-Dimethyl- 93% ° O0~C| benzyloxy)- yield. 106 o—_H- CH, | Phenyisulfamoyl}2- | MS:

H,C H & methyl-benzoicacid | 438.0 methyl ester (M-1) o 5-{4-(4-Butoxy- 61% ~~ 0—-( benzyloxy)- yield. 107 H,C ° 3 Ng cH] phenylsulfamoyl}-2- MS:

H

0 methyl-benzoic acid 482.1 methyl ester (M-1) 93% cl Q 5-{4-(2-Chioro-4- 0-C yield. fluoro-benzyloxy)- 108 | F 9 phenyisulfamoyl]-2- MS: o—_H- CH, UT 14620 fo) methyl-benzoic acid MA) methyl ester

F F 0) 5-[4-(2,3-Diflucro- 67% o O~C| benzyloxy)- yield. 109 o—{_Hp-5 CH phenylsuifamoyi}-2- MS:

H 5 3 methyl-benzoic acid 445.9 methyl ester (M-1)

F 0) 5-[4-(3,5-Difluoro- 91% o 0-C benzyloxy)- yield. 110 o~ Hs CH, | Phenyisulfamoyil-2- | Ms:

F H 3 : methyl-benzoic acid 446.1 methyl ester (M-1)

Chemical Structure Chemical Name [Data ’ i = [e) 5-[4-(3,4-Difluoro- 77% a o O0=C benzyloxy)- yield.

F 1 9. . 11 o— Hp CH, phenylsulfamoyf}-2 MS:

HS methyl-benzoic acid | 446.2 methyl ester {M-1)

Cc

HO 4 5-{4-(5,7-Difluoro-

NO w 59% i benzothiazol-2- o O| vimethvisuit ir yield. methylisulfan 112 Ns gre Ms: phenyisulfamoyl}-2-

F Ss 521.0 methyl-benzoic acid (M+1)

F methyl ester xN 2-isopropyl- 6- methyl-benzothiazol-

He” NF TS ps d 241, yield. 113 © MS:

O | phenyisulfamoyi}- fo) . . 481.1 . benzoic acid methyl

CH, (M+1) ester a 2-Methyl-5-[4-(5- =| [5] = c N “rey 27% > trifluoromethyl-

H yield. s s NP benzothiazol-2- iS

S C : 114 / Imethylsulfanyl o . . - 553.0 enylsulfamoyl]- q Preny=ie (M#1)

Q benzoic acid methyl

CH, ester

N H

— )H Jo q 2-Ethyl-5-[4-6-methyt- | 70%.yi

HC S J benzothiazol-2-yl}- eld. 116 0 phenylsulfamoyl}- MS: 0 benzoic acid methyl 467.1 \

CH; | ester (M+1)

[ Ex. | Chemical Structure Chemical Name [Data

CH, ! i c " 4 23 Dimethyl 51446

NJ «4 methyl-benzothiazolk i ) 116 Nao o ? MS: c phenyisuifamoyl}- ; 467.1

Ss benzoic acid methyl (M+1) ester

H,C

CH, of i HO 2,3-Dimethyl-5-[4-(3- 60%

NJ 4 trifluoromethyi- . t benzylsulfanyl)- viel, 117 s 0 ? henylsulfamoyT] MS: enylsuifamoyi}-

Cc P . 510.1 benzoic acid methyl (M+1)

F ester

F F

C _d 5i4-(4-Ethy- 60%

HiC 4 ) o benzylsulfanyt)- yield. 118 s— ni CH,| phenylisulfamoyi}-2,3- | MS: 0 ch, | dimethyi-benzolc acid | 470.1 methyl ester (M+1)

Q

O-q 0 5-{2-(4-tert-Butyl- 77% 4 CH; | phenyl)-benzooxazot | yield. 119 <\ 0 5-yisutfamoyi}-2- MS:

H.C methyl-benzoic acid 479.1

H,C CH, methyl ester {M+1)

Ex. | [Chemical Structure | Structure | Chemical Name | Name Data "H,C 0 5-[4-(3,5-Dimethy- | 97% 7 \ 0G benzylisulfanyl)- yield. ! , 0 120 | — S nibas CH, | Phenylsulfamoyl}-2- Ms:

HC =/ HJ methykbenzoic acid | 454.2. methyl ester (MS-1) od 5-[4-(4-Butoxy- 78% o ]

HG A 0 benzyisulfanyl) yield. 121 & 5 Hus of Phenylsulfamoyl}-2- | MS:

Ho methyl-benzoic acid 498.2 methyl ester (M-1)

F F Q 5-[4~(2,3-Difluoro- 79% a ° O~C| penzylsulfanyly vie

I - co 122 s— Hn CH, | Prenvisultamoyt-2- | MS:

H o methyl-benzoic acid | 463.8 methyl ester (M+1)

F Q 5-[4-(3,5-Difiuoro- 81% o 0-C benzyisulfanyl}- yield.

Ii 2- . 123 s— Hn CH, | Phenvisuliamoyt-2- | MS:

F H 5 methyk-benzoic acid | 462.2 . methyl ester (M-1) 2-Methyl-5-[4-(4- i ° yk-5-{4+( 98% trifluoromethyisulfanyl-

E o-¢ yield. 124 sO, 4 ) 2 cH benzyisulfanyl)- MS:

F - 3| phenyisulfamoyf]- i

N 6 Phenyisulfamoyl 528.3 benzoic acid methyl (M+1) ester

01-

Chemical Structure Chemical Name

CH, i i C

HQ 4 2,3-Dimethyt-5-(4-(3-

NOL A ' ye 48% i triflucromethoxy- oO % benzylsulfanyl)} yield. 125 S CH phenylsufamoy] MS: enyisulfamoyl}- pheny y 526.0 benzoic acid methyl eh 6 (M+1)

Y ester

F

& i | C 0 . 74% y 0 2,3-Dimethyl-5-(4- . ~s = yield. 1 trifluoromethoxy- 126 © ? MS: biphenyl-4-

C | 4800 yisutfamoyl)-benzoic

F : (M+1)

F +O acid methyl ester

F o 5-[2-(4-tert-Butyl- 67%

Hy o o 0—4 phenyl}-benzooxazol- | yield. 127 od — TL 5-ylsulfamoyl]-2-ethyl- | MS:

CH, H lo] CH benzoic acid methyl 493.4 ester (M+1) 2-Ethyl-5-[4-(4-

S ES so, triflucromethoxy-

R 0-C yield.

Fo I 0 benzyisulfanyl)- } 128 F s—_ is phenyisulfamoyl}- MS: lo} c } 5242 benzoic acid methyl (M-1) ester

Chemical Structure Chemical Name [Data a. 0 I 2-Ethyl-5-2-(4- 20%

FX 0 ° 0=Q trifluoromethoxy- | yield. 129 o~{ = N=8 phenyl>-benzooxazol- | MS:

Ha CH 5-yisulfamoyi]-benzoic | 521.3 acid methyl ester (M+1) 1] o 2] 2-Ethy-5-(4'- 21%

IN | triflucromethoxy- yleld. 130 g J o | biphenyl-4- MS:48

F & yisulfamoyl)-benzoic | 0.0

A acid methyl ester (M+1)

Fo

F : ! 2-|sopropyl-5-{4-(4- o {2 propyl-5-{4-( 62% 7 trifluoromethoxy- .

R 0 yield. ar | F Fo, i CH benzylsutfanyt)- vs:

F 4 ) = henyisutfamoyl]-

NE cH Phenyisutamoy 538.2 benzoic acid methyl (M-1) ester qd 2-Methyl-5-{2-(4- 63%

FF R oi

FX o q trifluoromethoxy- yield. 132 (0) N NS CH.| Phenyl)-benzooxazol | MS: 3

N his 5-yisulfamoyl}-benzoic | 507.2 acid methyl ester {M+1) fo) Je 2-Ethyl-5-[4-(quinolin- | 35% = o O | 2-yimethyisulfanyl)- yield. 133 QQ yw phenylsulfamoyi}- MS:

N H 4 CH benzoic acid methyl | 493.3 ester (M+1) 2-Isopropyl-5-[4- ° - propyt-5-{. 55% d (quinofin-2- od

SN us ot 507.1 © benzoic acid methyl (M+1) ester

Chemical Structure Chemical Name Data od 2-Ethyi5[2-4- 52%

I F [NP o O | trifluoromethyl yield. 135 HOOT, pheryl)-benzooxazol- | MS:

F HS cH 5-yisulfamoylj-benzoic | 505.3 acid methyl ester (M+1)

QJ 2Methyl-52-(4- 93% = 0 ° O | trifluoromethyi- yield. 136 promt 4 gh = CH phenyl)-benzooxazol- | MS:

F N N 0 | 5-ylsulfamoyi}-benzoic | 489.2 acid methyl ester (M-1)

C 1

HO C 5-(4- 79%

NL A Cyclohexyimethylsulfa | yield. 137 3 fe) nyl-phenyisulfamoyl)- | MS:

S L | 2-methyk-benzoic acid | 434.0 methyl ester (M+1)

Cc

HO g 5-(4- 81%

NJ A Cyclobutyimethyisulfa | yield. 138 4 d nyl-phenyisulfamoyl} | MS: [7s { | 2-methyi-benzoic acid | 406.1

C methyl ester (M+1) 0 0 2-Isopropyl-5-[4-(5- 31% 0) methyl-benzooxazol- old yield. 6) ? CH 2-yi)- 139 Pp N—§ henyisulfamoyl] MS: enylsulfamoyl]- he N Ho cH Pens 465.4 3 benzoic acid methyl (M+1) ester 2-Isopropyi-5-{4~(3- fe} _d propyl-5-f4-( 46% 0] trifluoromethoxy- — [eo] CH yield. £ 1 benzylsulfanyl)- 140 S \_7 NR henylisulfamoyf] MS:

Fo © CH P 538.3

F benzoic acid methyl {M-1) : ester

Ex. | Chemical Structure [Chemical Name Date _ | Name [Data fo) i 2-Ethgh-5-4-(3- i 42% i 0-(d trifluoromethoxy- . ? benzylsulfanyl}- yield. 141 F sn zyisultany MS:

F—0 H 4 CH phenytsulfamoyl}- 524.3

F benzoic acid methyl (M-1) ester 0) 46% _A 2-Ethyl-5-(4"-propoxy- . om biphenyi-4- yield iphen ue | moo Hd | sutamog enzo: |S sulfamo nzoic 8 cry Visulfamoyly 452.4 acid methyl ester (M-1) 0 qd , 61% / | 2-isopropyl-5-(4'- .

Oo yield. 143 | n 0 cH propoxy-biphenyl-4- MS: od SH Nuk yisulfamoyl)-benzoic ) = 8 cl 466.4 acid methyl ester (M-1)

Q Va 0] 0 cH 5-2-(4-tert-Butyl- 72% oy phenyl)-benzooxazol- | yield. 144 = o CH 5.yisulfamoyi}-2- MS:

H,C isopropyl-benzoic acid | 505.3 methyl ester (M-1)

HC op, 2-Methyl-5-[2-(5- lo) od yi-5-[2+( 08% q methyl-2-phenyl- old yield. — oxazol-4-yimethyl 145 0 CHa N fi CH, yimethyl)- MS:

A J o benzofuran-5-

N 517.4 lo) yisutfamoyl]-benzoic (M+1) acid methyl ester

Nod ZEthyk5-2-(5-methyl- | 52%

Hq 2-phenyl-oxazol-4- yield. 146 (HE CHy “i | Yimethy)-benzofuran- | MS: “ / 5-yisulfamoyl]-benzoic | 531. 0] acid methyl ester (M+1)

-05-

Ex. | Chemical Structure Chemical Name [Data i a A 2-lsopropyl-5-[2-(4- | 65% i O O | trifluoromethoxy- yield.

Fo § 0 Cc 147 | ; N No phenyl)}-benzooxazol- | MS:

H 0 C| 5-yisulfamoyl]-benzoic | 535.3 i i acid methyl ester (M+1)

CH 79%

CH | ° | 5{4-Bromo- or

P henylsultamoy)2- | oO en -2- 148 0 P y MS:

I methyl-benzoic acid er H—S 531.4 [ I methyl ester © (M-1) 2-Ethyi-5-[4-(2- 0} - yi-5-{4~( 37% trifiuoromethoxy- . ? oO be i yield. 149 5 s—_ it CH. Denzyisuifanyl)- MS

F H henylsulfamoyl]- x © o y y 526.3 nzoic acid me

Fr (M+1) ester

O 5-[4-(5-Cyclohexyl- 95% -N o O-Q [1,3 4joxadiazol-2-yl)- | yield. 150 (HL \ 4 ) n_] CH, | Phenyisuftamoyfl-2- | MS: o H § methyl-benzoic acid | 456.1 methyl ester (M+1) 2-Methyl-5-{4-(4- o yi-5-[4-( 36% trifluoromethoxy-

R (St yield.

Fo 0 benzyloxy)- 151 | J od Hn CH] phenylsulfamoy] MS: enylsulfamoyi]-

Ho pheny! 494.9 benzoic acid methyl . (M-1) ester

EXAMPLE 152: 2,3-Dimethv}-5-[4-(4-trifluoromethoxy-benzyisulfanyi}-phenylsulfamoyl]- benzoic acid methyi ester 0)

R O—CH, oO 9

F sit CH,

O

CH,

41% yield. 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD4Cl): 82.31 (s, 3H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 4.01 (s, 2H), 6.95 (d, 2H), 7.08 (d, 2H), 7.16 (d, 2H), 7.21 (d, 2H), 7.61 (s, 1H), 8.04 (s, 1H).

EXAMPLE 153: 5-[4-(1H-Benzoimidazol-2-yl)-phenvisulfamoylil-2-isopropyl-benzoic acid

E methyl ester fo) ,CHs

H 0] / N—S

N H o . CH, 41% yield. "MH NMR (400 MHz, CD;Cl): $1.16 (d, 6H), 3.67 (m, 1H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 7.11 (d, 2H), 7.23 (c, 2H), 7.42 {(d, 1H), 7.61 (c, 2H), 7.85 (c, 3H), 8.23 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 154: 5-(4'-Butyl-biphenyl-4-visulfamoyl)-2-methyi-benzoic acid methyl ester

CH, 03 Is

S

Nn © ? ~~ ,

H,C

A mixture of 4-butylbenzeneboronic acid (174 mg, 0.975 mmol), 5-(4-bromo- phenylsulfamoyl)-2-methyl-benzoic acid methy! ester (150 mg, 0.39 mmol), dichloro(1,1'- bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(lt) dichloromethane adduct (16 mg, 0.019 mmol), 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (11 mg, 0.019 mmol) and potassium carbonate (0.38 mi of a 2M aqueous solution, 0.78 mmol) in 15 mi 1,4-dioxane was heated at reflux under nitrogen for 20 hr. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with 80 mi water and extracted with 2 X 70 ml ethyl acetate. The combined ethyl acetate extracts were washed with 60 mi brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography {silica gel, 15 g), eluting with 6:1 hexane/ethyl acetate to yield the titte compound as a white solid (109 mg, 64% yield). : MS: 422.1 (M-1)

The title compounds of EXAMPLES 155-173 were prepared using procedures analogous to that of EXAMPLE 154 from appropriate starting materials and the results are presented below.

Chemical Structure Chemica! Name

Chemical Structure Chemical Name [Data : CH, 2-Methyi-5-(4- 50%

HO

NY O | naphthalen-1-yl- yield. 1565 OC) $ ll phenyisulfamoyi)- MS:

O ? benzoic acid methyl | 416.0

CH, ester (M-1) i CH, !

HQ 0 | 543.5"Bis-

F ~s . 80%

F Il trifluoromethyl- . 0 0 . yield. biphenyl-4- 156 | F MS:

CH, | yisulfamoyl)-2- 501.9 methyl-benzoic acid (M-1)

F methyl ester

F F i CH 3 : o

NH N P O | 5-(4'-tert-Butyi- 14% i biphenyl-4- yield. (®] 0) . 157 ] yisulfamoyl)-2- MS:

HC CH3 | methyl-benzoic acid | 422.0

HaC methyl ester (M-1)

CHj;

CH,

HO 2-Methyl-5-(4- 43%

N. 0 .

S naphthalen-2-yi- yield. 158 4 0 phenylsulfamoyl)- MS:

Ly benzoic acid methyl | 416.0 3 ester (M-1)

Chemical Structure Chemical Name

CH,

HO 2-Methyl-5-(4'-

NJ o | ZMety-5{ 78% ) $ = trifluoromethy)- old yield. biphenyl-4- 159 © ? preny MS:

F CH, ylsulfamoyl)- 434.0

F benzoic acid methyl - ester (M1)

F

J i

CH, y Q o 5-(4'-Ethylsulfanyi- 85% 8 biphenyl-4- yield. 160 0] Q yisuifamoyl)-2- MS:

CJ CH, | methyl-benzoic acid | 426.0

He” 8 methyl ester (M-1)

CH, 2-Methyl-5-(3'

HQ Methyh5-(3- 63%

NL SS trifluoromethyi- i

C1 8 omnia yield. iphen 161 © ? . Famoyly MS: amo

CH, ysffamoy! 434.0 benzoic acid methyl

F ester M1)

F F

CHy

HO 5-(4- 70% ig Io Benzojb]thiophen- old 1 2- I yie . 162 x (0) ? y ysufarmoyl-2 MS: enylsulfamoyl)-2-

CH, |© 422.0

CY S 3 | methyl-benzoic acid M1) methyl ester

Ex. | Chemical Structu Chemical Name g

NS 0 | 543 5-Dienloro- 3 biphenyl-4- old jeld. 1163 | Cl 0 0 ylsulfamoyl)-2- y

Ms:436

CH, methyl-benzoic acid (M-1) methyl ester

Cl

CH,

NS x 3 ys Nl O | 5-(4'-Benzyloxy- 17% ~ 3 5 biphenyl-4- yield. 164 in yisulfamoyl)}-2- MS: o * | methyi-benzoic acid | 472.3 methyl ester {M-1)

CH,

HO 5-(2',4'-Dichloro- 95%

NN. 0 ; ;

Ng biphenyl-4- yield. 165 4 N yisulfamoyt)-2- MS:

Na | methyl-benzoic acid | 435.9 _ CH, methyl ester {M-1)

Cl Cl

CH,

HO : 2-Methyl-5-(2- : NL (0) yo 73%

S methylsulfanyl- .

I iohenvl yield. 166 0 0 biphenyl-4- MS: ylsulfamoyl)-

CH 412.3 ® 3 benzoic acid methyl § ester (M1)

CH,

Chemical Structure Chemical Name [Data ! 2-Methyl-5-(4"

RQ SY Pi > 76% ~g trifluoromethoxy- . ¥ yield. 167 bo) 0 biphenyi-4- MS:

F I isulfamoyl i @® CH, | Yisuifamoyl- 450.2

F o benzoic acid methyl M1)

F ester

CH,

H Q 0 2-Methyl-5-(2'- 95%

Ns triftuoromethyl- i ) yield. i 168 oO 0 biphenyl-4- MS:

Ch yisulfamoyl)- 43a 3

F 3 benzoic acid methyl M ;

E ester (M-1)

F

HO CH th 2-Ethyl-5-(4'-

NW 0 ] 5 81%

W trifluoromethyl- yield 169 0 Q biphenyl-4- MS: . F @® CH, yisuifamoyl) 148 3 benzoic acid methyl ™ "

F ester

CH, 72% y A LI 5-4"-Butyl-bipheny}- gield 70 Cd i 4yisufamoy2-

C 2, ethyl-benzoic acid 436 a

H,C s methyl ester ) (M-1)

[Ex] Chemical Structure Chemical Name ! ‘CHa ! 0 i NHI 0 5-(4"-tert-Butyl- 72%

CO] .} 5 biphenyi-4- yield. 171 | yisulfamoyi)}-2- MS:

H4C CHs n j ethyl-benzoic acid 438.2

HC methyl ester (M+1) t CHa

CH,

Ho CH, 2 sopropyhot © | 39%.yiel

NA o uoromethoxy- a

S biphenyl-4- 172 I MS:

E Oo Q yisulfamoyi)- . } 492.0

CH, benzoic acid methyi (M-1)

F E 0 ester 0, oon, 2-Methyi-5- 58% 0) ([1,144',1"terpheny! | yield. 173 Q oH -4-yisulfamoyl)- MS:

N i 3 | benzoic acid methyl | 458.3 ester (M+1)

EXAMPLE 174. 2-Methyi-5-[4-(4-trifluoromethyl-benzylsulfanyi}-phenvisulfamoyll-benzoic acid

Q

EF OH f ae aNa St Yo 0]

A’ solution of 1.0N aqueous sodium hydroxide (9.1 mi, 9.16 mmol) was added to a solution of 2-methyl-5-[4~(4-triflucromethyl-benzylsulfanyl}-phenylsulfamoyl}-benzoic acid methyi ester (1.13 g, 2.29 mmol) in 100 mI methanol and the resulting solution was heated at reflux overnight under nitrogen. The reaction solution was then cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was stirred in 1.0N aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (25 ml) and filtered to yield the title compound as a white solid (1.03 g, 94%

yield). MS:480.2 (M-1); TH NMR (400 MHz, CD,0D): $2.49 (s, 3H), 4.04 (s, 2H), 6.96 (d, 2H), 7.4 (d, 2H), 7.29 (m, 2H), 7.33 (, 1H), 7.47 (m, 3H), 7.94 (b, 1H).

The title compounds of EXAMPLES 175-258 were prepared using procedures analogous to that of EXAMPLE 174 from appropriate starting materials.

EXAMPLE 175: 5-]4-(Biphenyl-4-vimethyisulfanyl}-phenylsulfamoyl}-2-methyl-benzoic acid

OOH

CH

0. = 3 $50

NO oC 30% yield. MS: 488.2 (M-1); H NMR (400 MHz, CD,OD): 52.48 (s, 3H), 4.15 (s, 2H), 6.99 (d, 2H), 7.22 (m, 2H), 7.32 (m, 3H), 7.43 (m, 3H), 7.52 (m, 2H), 7.61 (m, 2H), 7.70 (m, 1H), 8.18 (d, tH).

EXAMPLE 176; 5-{4-[2-(4-Chioro-phenyi)-thiazol-5-yimethyisulfanvl]-phenylsullamoyl}-2- methyl-benzoic acid

O§-OH

CH

. Or :

Tso ° Oe Lr 1 Js

N

99% yield. MS: 529.0 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD;0D): 52.60 (s, 3H), 4.15 (s, 2H), 6.99 (m, 2H), 7.19 (m, 2H), 7.3-7.5 (c, 5H), 7.87 (d, 2H), 8.27 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 177: 2-Methvi-5-[4-{quinolin-2-yimethylsulfanyl)-phenyisulfamoyll-benzoic acid

Oo OH

CH,

ON

70

NH one ~ S co 56% yield. MS: 465.2 (M+1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD,0D): $2.59 (s, 3H), 4.29 (s, 2H), 6.95 (d, 2H), 7.18 (d, 2H), 7.29 (d, 1H), 7.41 (d, 1H), 7.56(m, 1H), 7.64 (d, 1H), 7.73 (m, 1H), 7.88 (c, 2H), 8.19 (d, 1H), 8.26 (s, 1H).

EXAMPLE 178; 2-Methvi-5-[4-(§-phenyl-[1.2 4Joxadiaz ol-3-yimethyisulfanvi}-phenylsulfamovyl}- benzoic acid 0)

OH oO Lc ~N J “o

N

AO

85% yield. MS: 481.0 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-D): 82.51 (s, 3H), 4.28 (s, 2H), 7.02 (d, 2H), 7.31 (d, 2H), 7.43 (d, 1H), 7.61 (m, 2H), 7.70 (m, 2H), 8.04 (m, 2H), 8.19 (s, 1H).

EXAMPLE 179: 5-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzylsulfany!}-phenylsuifamoyil-2-methyi-benzoic acid

O

OH

0. CH,

SS

Ne)

Ba: . s 85% yield. MS: 430.0 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-Dg): $2.53 (s, 3H), 4.08(s, 2H), 7.01 (m, 4H), 7.17 (m, 2H), 7.23 (m, 2H), 7.46 (d, 1H), 7.71 (m, 1H), 8.17 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 180: 2-Methvi-5-[4-(naphthalen-2-yimethvisulfanyl )-phenyisutfamoyf]-benzoic acid

(e] OH

CH,

Os $=0 job

Ce 82% yield. MS: 462.0 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-Dg): 52.49 (s, 3H), 4.27 (s, 2H), 6.97 (d, 2H), 7.21 (m, 2H), 7.39 (m, 2H), 7.46 (m, 2H), 7.68 (m, 1H), 7.72-7.87 (m, 4H), 8.18 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 181: 2-Methyl-5-]4-(3-triflucromethoxy-benzyisulfanyl}-phenylsulfamoyi}-benzoic acid

CH, ]

O OH

P30

F

74% yield. MS: 496.3 (M-1}; 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-Dg): $2.49 (s, 3H), 4.15 (s, 2H), 6.97 (m, 2H), 7.19 (c, 5H), 7.33 (m, 1H), 7.44 (d, 1H), 7.71 (m, 1H), 8.17 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 182: 2-Methyl-5-(4-naphthalen-1-vi-phenyisulfamoyl}-benzoic acid

CH,

HQ

1g ) 0) OH 69% yield. MS: 416.0 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-Dg): $2.49 (s, 3H), 7.22 (d, 2H), 7.34 (m, 3H), 7.48 (m, 4H), 7.67 (d, 1H), 7.91 (m, 3H), 8.23 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 183: 5-(3'5"-Bis-trifluoromethvi-biphenvi-4-yisulfamowi}-2-methvl-benzoic acid

CH,

H io

F 1 0 OH ay

F

F F

81% vieild. MS: 501.9 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD;0DY): 2.59 (s, 3H), 7.27 {m, 2H), 7.40 (d, 1H), 7.59 (m, 2H), 7.80 (d, 1H), 7.82 (d, 1H), 8.08 (s, 2H), 8.35 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 184: 2-Methyl-5-(4-naphthalen-2-yl-phenyisulfamoyl}-benzoic acid

CH,

BH

NL 0 g 65% yield. MS: 416.0 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-Dg): $2.53 (s, 3H), 7.21 (d, 2H), 7.49 {m, 3H), 7.70 (d, 2H), 7.75 (m, 1H), 7.81 (m, 1H), 7.92 (m, 2H), 8.11 (s, 1H), 8.24 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 185: 2-Methyl-5-(4"-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylsuifamovyl}-benzolc acid

CH,

HO

NW Oo i [ 0) OH

F

3

F

81% yield. MS: 434.0 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-Dg): 52.53 (s, 3H), 7.20 (m, 2H), 7.49 (d. 1H), 7.63 (d, 2H), 7.72-7.84 (m, 5H), 8.24 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 186: 5-(4-Ethyisulfanyl-biphenyl-4-yisulfamowi)-2-methyl-benzoic acid

CH,

HQ

NO Oo f 0] OH

HC” Ss . 79% yield. MS: 426.0 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-Dg): 51.22 {t, 3H), 2.53 (s,3H), 2.98 (q, 2H), 7.15 (d, 2H), 7.32 (d, 2H), 7.51 (m, 5H), 7.79 (m, 1H), 8.22 (d, 1H). 5 EXAMPLE 187: 5-[4-(1H-Benzoimidazol-2-yl)-phenyisulfamoyil-2-methvi-benzoic acid 0)

OH

Nl pa i CH = 3

N H i

H

94% yield. MS: 408.2 (M+1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD;0D): 52.60 (s, 3H), 7.46 (m, 3H), 7.59 (m, 2H), 7.76 (m, 2H), 7.92 (m,1 H), 8.00 (m, 2H), 8.40 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 188: 2-Methyl-5-(3'-trifluoromethyl-biphenvl-4-visulfamoyl}-benzoic acid

CH,

H ig Lc ]

Oy

F

. F F 43% yield. MS: 434.0 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-Dg): $2.53 (s, 3H), 7.19 (d, 2H), 7.48 {d, 1H), 7.64 (c, 4H), 7.81 (m, 1H), 7.88 (c, 2H), 8.23 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 189: 5-(4-Benzo[blthiophen-2-vi-phenylisulfamoyl}-2-methvi-benzoic acid

CH,

HO

- O i 4 0 OH ~~

Oa 80% yield. MS: 422.0 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-D): 52.53 (s, 3H), 7.18 (d, 2H), 7.33 (m, 2H), 7.48 (d, 1H), 7.65 (m, 2H), 7.73 (5, 1H), 7.80 (m, 2H), 7.92 (m, 1H), 8.23 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 190: 5-(4'-Benzyloxy-biphenyl-4-yisulfamowi)}-2-methyi-benzoic acid

CH,

NR 0 a CT

Oh 74% yield. MS: 472.3 (M-1); H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-D): 52.52 (s, 3H), 5.11 (s, 2H), 7.03 (m, 2H), 7.12 (d, 2H), 7.28-7.52 (c, 10 H), 7.78 (m, 1H), 8.21 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 181: 2-Methyl-5-(4"-propoxy-biphenyl-4-yisulfamoyl }-benzolc acid

CH,

V3 0 i lo} OH

HC o ® 61% yield. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-Dg): 50.95 (t, 3H), 1.7 (m, 2H), 2.52 (s, 3H), 3.91 {t, 2H), 6.93 (d, 2H), 7.11 (d, 2H), 7.47 (d, 5H), 7.77 (d, 1H), 8.31 (s, 1H).

EXAMPLE 192: 2-Methyl-5-(2'-methyisulfanyl-biphenyi-4-yisulfamoyl)-benzoic acid

CH,

CO

NO Oo

Zz ~~! i OH

N°

ZZ

§

CH, 87% yield. MS: 412.3 (M-1); TH NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-Dg): 52.48 (s 3H), 2.54 {s, 3H), 7.06- . 7.17 (c, 4H), 7.17-7.34 (c, 4H), 7.49 (d, 1H), 7.81 (m, 1H), 8.22 (d, 1H). 5 EXAMPLE 193: 2-Methwvi-5-(4"-trifluoromethoxy-biphenyl-4-yis wilfamoyl}-benzoic acid

CH,

HO

NG (@]

SB hl

LD eA

F

69% yield. MS: 450.2 (M-1); HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-Dg): 62.48 (s, 3H), 7.17 (d, 2H), 7.38 (d, 2H), 7.48 (d, 1H), 7.56 (d, 2H), 7.68 (d, 2H), 7.80 (m, 1H), 8.22 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 194: 2-Methvi-5-(2'-triflucromethyl-biphenyl-4-yvisuifamowi}-benzoic acid

CH,

HO

1g CLs 0) OH (1

FF

64% yield. MS: 434.3 (M-1); "H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-D): 8300 (s, 3H), 7.11 (d, 2H), 7.17 (d, 2H), 7.30 (d, 1H), 7.48 (d, 1H), 7.55 (m, 1H), 7.65 (m, 1H), 77.78 (m, 2H), 8.20 (d, 1H), 7.78 (d, 2H).

EXAMPLE 195: 2-Ethvi-5-(4"-triflucromethyl-biphenyl-4-visulfamoyi)-benzoic acid

7 C

Ho SC i a ~~ ~~ rT x @] OH

F

F

£ } 90% yield. MS: 448.3 (M-1}; 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD;0D): 1.19 (t, 3H), 3.01 (q, 2H), 7.23 (d, 2H), 7.43 (d, 1H), 7.56 (d, 2H), 7.68 (d, 2H), 7.73 (d, 2H), 7.82 (m, 1H), 8.28 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 196: 2-Methy+-5-(2-phenyi-benzooxazol-6-yisulfamovi}-benzoic acid 0

N OH

OID Coe 0 N i 3 85% yield. MS: 409.3 (M+1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD;OD): $2.58 (s, 3H), 7.07 (m, 1H), 7.38 (d, 1H), 7.5-7.6 (c, 5H), 7.75 (m, 1H), 8.18 {m, 2H), 8.29 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 197; 2-Methvi-5-(2-phenyi-benzothiazol-6-visulfamow)-benzoic acid 0)

N OH

Oy 3 Cron s NTN\_/ oO 93% yield. MS: 425.3 (M+1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD,OD): 52.58 (s, 3H), 7.23 (m, 1H), 7.38 (d, 1H), 7.51 (c, 3H), 7.76 (c, 2H), 7.85 (d, 1H), 8.04 (c, 2H), 8.30 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 198; 5-[4-(5-tert-Buty|-benzooxazol-2-vi}-phenvisulfamowil-2-methyl-benzoic acid

O

OH

© 0 CH

HC 7 N i 3

HC on, 62 % yiekl. MS: 465.4 (M+1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD,0D): 51.38 (s, 9H), 2.59 (s, 3H), 7.31 (m, 2H), 7.42 (d, 1H), 7.46 (d, 1H), 7.49 d, 1H), 7.53 (d, 1H), 7.69 (d, 1H), 7.85 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 199: 5-[4-(3 4-Difiuoro-benzyisulfanyl}-phen sulfamoyl]-2—-methyi-benzoic acid 0)

OH

F 9 : F 77% yield. MS: 448.2 (M-1), 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD;0D): 82.61 (s, 3H), 3.98 (s, 2H), 6.89 (c, 1H), 6.97-7.12 (c, 3H), 7.18 (m, 2H), 7.38 (d, 1H),7.69 (m, 1H), 8.27 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 200: 5-[4-(3,5-Bis-triflucrome b lsulfan henylsulfamoylf]-2-methyi- benzoic acid

F F 0

F OH

Q os avar

F @]

F F

80% yield. MS: 548.2 (M-1); *H NMR (400 MHz, CD,0D): 52.61 (s, 3H), 7.02 (m, 2H), 7.16 (m, 2H), 7.37 (d, 1H), 7.71 (m, 2H), 8.30 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 201: 2-Methw-5-{4-(2-triflucromethyi-benzvisulfanyl}-phenyisulfamowl |-benzoic 16 acid

F F

F oO

OH

?

Oe

Ho 86 % yield. MS: 480.2 (M-1); TH NMR (400 MHz, CD,OD): 82.62 (s, 3H), 4.15 (s, 2H), 7.02 (m,2H), 7.14-7.25 (c, 3H), 7.34-7.42 (c, 3H), 7.61 (m, 1H), 7.73 (m, 1H), 8.29 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 202: 5-[4-(3.4-Dimethvi-benzylsulfanyl }-phenyvisulfamoyfl-2-methyl-benzoic acid

0

OH

9

H.C 0]

H,C 85% yield. MS: 439.9 (M-1); "H NMR (400 MHz, CD;0D): 52.15 (s, 3H), 2.19 (3, 3H), 2.61 (s, 3H), 3.94 (s, 2H), 6.83(d, 1H), 6.95 (c, 2H), 6.98 (m, 2H), 7.14 (m, 2H}, 7.38 (d, 1H), 7.70 (m, 1H), 8.28 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 203; 5-[4-(2.4-Bis-trifluoromethyi-benzyisulfanyl)-phenylsutfamoyll-2-methyl— benzoic acid

F i 0

OH

F, 0

F § CH

Hd 80% yield. MS: 548.1 (M-1); "H NMR (400 MHz, CD,0OD): §2.61 (s, 3H), 4.21 (s, 2H), 7.04 (m, 2H), 7.19 (m, 2H), 7.39 (m, 2H), 7.67 (d, 1H), 7.74 (m, 1H), 7.87 (s, 1H), 8.28 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 204: 5-f4-(2-Chioro-4-fluoro-benzylsulfanyl)-phenyisulfamoyll-2-methyi-ben=zoic acid 0)

Cl OH . Q

Ho 84% yield. MS: 464.0 (M-1)

EXAMPLE 205: 5-[4-{5.6-Difluoro-benzothiazol-2-vimethyisulfanvi)-phenvisulfamoyil-2— methyl-benzoic acid } CH, jog a4 0] OH

No s 9

F

49% yield. MS: 507.0 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CDsOD): 82.58 (s, 3H), 4.4-6 (s, 2H), 7.01 (d, 2H), 7.29 (m, 3H), 7.70 (m, 2H), 7.85 (m, 1H), 8.26 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 206: 5-[4-{5-Flugro-benzothiazol-2-yimethylsulfan henyisulfa smovil-2-methyl- benzoic acid

F N

Th

Ss )Hp

S$ cH, 0] 0

HO

80% yield. MS: 489.1 (M+1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD;0D): 52.58 (s, 3H), 44-7 (s, 2H), 7.02 (m, 2H), 7.21 (m, 1H), 7.28 (c, 3H), 7.55 (m, 1H), 7.65 (m, 1H), 7.89 (m, 1H), 8.27 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 207: 5-[4-(3.5-Dimethyl-benzvioxy)-phenyisulfamoyil-2-methyl-be nzoic acid

H,C Q

OH

0 .

Ome ron

H,C Oo 87% yield. MS: 424.2 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD;0OD): 52.28 (s, 6H), 2.6 O (s, 3H), 4.90 (s, 2H), 6.83 (m, 2H), 6.95 (c, 5H), 7.35 (d, 1H), 7.62 (m, 1H), 8.22 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 208: 5-[4-(4-Butoxy-benzyloxy}-phenyisulfamovyil-2-methyi-benzoi€ acid 0

OH oy 8

Ores lo) 88% yield. MS: 468.1 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD;0OD): 50.98 (s, 3H), 1.50 (m, 2H), 1.73 (m, 2H), 2.60 (s, 3H), 3.96 (t, 2H), 4.90 (s, 2H), 6.83 (d, 2H), 6.88 (d, 2H), 6.95 (d, 2H), 7.28 (d, 2H), 7.35 (d, 1H), 7.62 (m, 1H), 8.21 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 209: 5-[4-(2-Chloro-4-fluoro-benzyloxy}-phenyisulfamoyll-2-methyl-benzoic acid

Cl O

OH

F 9 0 Hn CH,

H 0

84% yield; MS: 448.0 (M-1), TH NMR (400 MHz, CD,0D): $2.60 (s, 3H), 5.05 (s, 2H), 6.86 (m, 2H), 6.98 (m, 2H), 7.08 (m, 1H), 7.25 (m, 1H), 7.36 {d, 1H), 7.53 (m, 1H), 7.64 (m, 1H), 8.21 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 210: 5-[4-(2.3-Difluoro-benzyloxy)-phenvisufamoyil-2-methyi-benzoic acid

FF Q

OH a 0) N—3 CH, — Oo 82% yield. MS: 432.2 (M-1); "H NMR (400 MHz, CD,OD): 52.60 (s, 3H), 5.08 (s, 2H), 6.87 (m, 2H), 6.99 (m, 2H), 7.17 (c, 1H), 7.24 (c, 2H), 7.36 (d, 1H), 7.64 (m, 1H), 8.22 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 211: 5-{4-(3.5-Diflucro-benzyloxy)-phenyisutfamoyil-2-methvi-benzoic acid

FE QO

OH

? 0 N—S CH,

H I!

F Oo 56% yield. MS: 432.2 (M-1); TH NMR (400 MHz, CD,OD): 82.60 (s, 3H), 5.02 (s, 2H), 6.86 (c, 3H), 6.99 (c, 4H), 7.36 (d, 1H), 7.63 (m, 1H), 8.22 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 212: 5-{4-(3,4-Diflucro-benzyloxy}-phenvisulfamoyil-2-methyl-benzoic acid . F (@)

OH

F Q

0] N- CH 73 H i 3 66% yield. MS; 432.2 (M-1); TH NMR (400 MHz, CD30D): 52.60 (s, 3H), 4.97 (s, 2H), 6.85 (c, 2H), 6.97 (c, 2H), 7.17-7.38 (c, 4H), 7.63 (m, 1H), 8.21 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 213: 5-[4-(5.7-Difluorg-benzothiazok-2-vimethyisulfanyl}-phenvisulfamoy(l-2- methyi-benzoic acid

CH,

NS O

] i J le) OH

NS

—~

F

19% yield. MS: 507.0 (M+1); HNMR (400 MHz, CD;0D): §2.47 (s, 3H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 7.02 (m, 2H), 7.12 (m, 2H), 7.26 (m, 2H), 7.46 (c, 2H), 7.97 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 214: 2-Isopropvi-5-{4-(6-methvi-benzothiazol-2-vi}-phenyisulfamovil-benzoic acid

N

OH = pn

H.C S S le} CH, 0

HO

84% yield. MS: 467.1 (M+1), "HNMR (400 MHz, CD;0D): 81.21 (d, 6H), 2.47 (s, 3H), 3.81 {m, 1H), 7.28 (m, 2H), 7.32 (m, 1H), 7.60 (d, 1H), 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.82 (d, 1H), 7.92 (c, 3H), 8.20 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 215; 2-Methvi-5-4-(5-trifluoromethyl-benzothiazol-2-yimsthyisulfanyl)- phenyisulfamovl]-benzoic acid

FF

“Cr! 3

SO)

S CH, (0) 0

HO

17% yield. MS: §39.0 (M+1}; "HNMR (400 MHz, CD50D): 62.55 (s, 3H), 4.52 (s, 2H), 7.01 (d, 2H), 7.27 (c, 4H), 7.64 (m, 2H), 8.12 (d, 1H), 8.22 (b, 1H).

EXAMPLE 216: 2-Ethvi-5-[4-(6-methyi-benzothiazol-2-yl}-phenvisulfamoyil-benzoic acid

N

CO er

H,C S § 0]

HO

83% yield. MS: 453.0 (M+1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD,0D): 51.18 (t, 3H), 2.47 (s, 3H), 3.01 (a. 2H), 7.27 (m, 2H), 7.32 (m, 1H), 7.45 (d, 1H), 7.84 (m, 2H), 7.93 (m, 2H), 8.32(d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 217. 2.3-Dimethyl-5-4-(6-methyl-benzothiazol-2-yl}-phenyisulfamoyl-benzoic acid

CH,

CH,

HO

NJ 0 3

Na 0 OH as

H,C 75% yield. MS: 453.0 (M+1); TH NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-D). 52.30 (s, 3H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 7.26 (m, 2H), 7.31 (m, 1H), 7.76 (s, 1H).

EXAMPLE 218: 2,3-Dimethyl-5-[4-(3-trif luoromethyi-benzvisulfanyl }-phenyisulfamovil-benzoic acid

H,

CH, ovr

Ol

S oO H

F

F F

75% yield. MS: 494.2 (M-1}; 4 NMR (400 MHz, CD;0D): $2.32 (s, 3H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 4.07 (s, 2H), 7.0 (m, 2H), 7.14 (d, 2H), 7.34 (c, 2H), 7.46 (c, 2H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 8.0 (s, 1H).

EXAMPLE 219: 5-J4-(4-Ethyl-benzylsutfanyl)-phenvisulfamovil-2,3-dimethyi-benzoic acid

0

RAN SN o ~ ] = Ope 0

CH, 80% yield. MS: 456.3 (M+1); H NMR (400 MHz, CD,0D): $1.17 (t, 3H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.49 (s, 3H), 2.57 (q, 2H), 3.97 (s, 2H), 6.96-7.06 (c, 6H), 7.13 (c, 1H), 7.63 (d, 1H), 8.00 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 220: 2-isopropyt-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-biphenyl-4-visutfamovyl}-benzoic acid

Hy

CH

H 3 vd 0 [ 4 0 OH

LC

F E oO . 37%.yield. MS: 480.0 (M+1); "H NMR (400 MHz, CD;0OD): 1.22 (d, 6H), 3.81 (m, 1H), 7.20 (m, 2H), 7.29 (d, 2H), 7.51 (m, 2H), 7.58 (d, 1H), 7.63 (m, 2H), 7.84 (m, 1H), 8.14 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 221; 5-[2-{(4-tert-Butyl-phenyl}-benzooxazol-5-yisulfamoyi}-2-methvi-benzoic acid 0

H

Q orien ~ 0]

N

H,C yon

H,C CH, 90% yield. MS: 465.3 (M+1); HNMR (400 MHz, CD,0D): 51.37 (s, 9H), 2.58 (s, 3H), 7.13 (m, 1H), 7.37 (d, 1H), 7.43 (d, 1H), 7.53 (d, 1H), 7.61 (m, 2H), 7.72 (m, 1H), 8.11 (m, 2H), 8.27 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 222: 5-[4-(3,5-Dimethyl-benzyisulfanyl}-phenvisulfamovi]-2-methvi-benzoic acid

H,C Q

OH

Q

H,C O 74% yield. MS: 440.2 (M+1), 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD;0D): $2.19 (s, 6H), 2.56 (s, 3H), 3.93 (s, 2H), 6.78 (s, 2H), 6.82 (s, 1H), 6.98 (d, 2H), 7.12 (d, 2H), 7.30 (d, 1H), 7.58 (d, 1H), 8.08 (b, 1H).

EXAMPLE 223: 5-[4-(4-Butoxy-benzyisulfanyl}-phenyisulfamoyil-2-methyl-benzoic acid o}

OH

Heol HN o

Oro 82% yield. MS: 484.2 (M-1); '"H NMR (400 MHz, CD;0D): 80.97 (t, 3H), 1.49 (m, 2H), 1.72 (m, 2H), 2.61 (s, 3H), 3.91 (t, 2H), 3.95 (s, 2H), 6.72 (m, 2H), 6.97 (m, 2H), 7.03 {m, 2H), 7.13 (m, 2H), 7.38 (d, 1H), 7.68 (m, 1H), 8.28 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 224: 5-[4-(2 3-Difluoro-benzylsulfanvl}-phenyisutfamovi]-2-methyl-benzoic acid

F F . 0)

OH

0] 81% yield. MS: 448.2 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD,0D): 82.57 (s, 3H), 4.03 (s, 2H), 6.81 (c, 1H), 6.92 (c, 1H), 7.00 (d, 2H), 7.07 (m, 1H), 7.16 (d, 1H), 7.34 (d, 1H), 7.61 (d, 1H), 8.14 (b, 1H).

EXAMPLE 225: 5-[4-(3.5-Difluoro-benzyisulfanyt}-phenylsutfamoy{l-2-methw-benzoic acid

F 0

OH

? s— Hi CH,

H I

F 0 84% yield. MS: 448.2 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD;0D): $2.60 (s, 3H), 4.01 (s, 2H), 6.74 (c, 3H), 7.00 (c, 2H), 7.17 (c, 2K), 7.37, {d, 1H), 7.68 {m, 1H), 8.28 (d, 1H).

IN

EXAMPLE 226: 2-Methyl-5-J4-(4-triflucromethyisulfanyl-benzylsulfan henyisulfamovi}- benzoic acid . 0]

EF OH

FO

F s— Hp- CH,

H li 0 84% yield. MS: 512.2 (M-1); "HNMR {400 MHz, CD,0D); 82.63 (s, 3H), 4.78 (s, 2H), 6.98 tS) (m, 2H), 7.13 (m, 2H), 7.21 (d, 2H), 7.40 (d, 1H), 7.47 (d, 2H), 7.72 (m, 1H), 8,28 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 227; 2,3-Dimethyl-5-14-(3-triftuoromethoxy-benzylsuifanyl)-phenyisuifamoyll- benzoic acid

CH,

CH, 0 jo an

Co o] OH

F3-0

F

77% yield. MS: 510.2 (M-1); "HNMR (400 MHz, CD,0D): $2.32 (s, 3H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 4.04 (s, 2H), 6.98 (d, 2H), 7.08 (c, 3H), 7.15 (d, 2H), 7.24 (t, 1H), 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.99 (s, 1H).

EXAMPLE 228; 2,3-Dimethyl-5-(4'-trifluoromethoxy-biphenyi-4-yisulfamoyj}-benzoic acid 3

CH,

NE 0

F . "yO

F

77% yield. MS: 464.2 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD;0D): 52.33 (s, 3H), 2.47 (s, 3H), 7.18 (d, 2H), 7.29 (d, 2H), 7.50 (m, 2H), 7.62 (m, 2H), 7.68 (s, 1H), 8.03 (s, 1H).

EXAMPLE 229: 5-[2-(4-tert-Butyi-phenyl}-benzooxazol-5-ylsulfamoyll-2-ethyl-benzoic acid

0. : CH, 0 OH

H,C \ 7

N NR

84% yield. MS: 479.4 (M+1); TH NMR (400 MHz, CD,0D): 81.17 (t, 3H), 1.37 (s, 9H), 3.00 (q, 2H), 7.13 (m, 1H), 7.42 (m, 2H), 7.53 (d, 1H), 7.61 (m, 2H), 7.75 (m, 1H), 8.11 (m, 2H), 8.23 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 230: 2-Ethyl-5-[4-(4-triflucromethoxy-benzyisulfanyi)-phenvisutfamoyi]-benzoic acid 0,

F OH

FO Od

F Ss N-§

Ho CH, 67% yield. MS: 510.3 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD50D): $1.20 (t, 3H), 2.97 (q, 2H), 4.03 (s, 2H), 7.01 (m, 2H), 7.09 (d, 2H}, 7.14 (m, 2H), 7.23 (m, 2H), 7.34 (d, 1H), 7.63 (m, 1H), 8.06 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 231: 2,3-Dimethyl-5-[4-(4-trifluoromethoxy-benzylsulfanyl}-phenylsulfamovl}- benzoic acid

F OH

FO od ass a Wat

CH, 49% yield. MS: 510.2 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D): 82.32 (s, 3H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 4.02 (s, 2H), 6.99 (m, 2H), 7.06 (d, 2H), 7.14 (m, 2K), 7.21 (m, 2H), 7.62 {t, 1H), 7.96 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 232: 2-Ethyl-5-[2-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenvi)-benzooxazol-5-yisulfamoyi}-benzoic acid lo)

F, F

FX 0 OH

OI

N Ni le} CH, 77% yield. MS: 507.3 (M+1), 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD;0D): 51.17 (t, 3H), 2.97 (gq, 2H), 7.16 (m, 1H), 7.38 (d, 1H), 7.48 (m, 3H), 7.54 (d, 1H), 7.71 (m, 1H), 8.14 (d, 1H), 8.29 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 233: 2-Ethyl-5-(4-triflucromethoxy-biphenyl-4-yisulfamovyl)-benzoic acid

CH,

HO

He @ oO OH

LO

A

F 0] 82% yield. MS: 464.2 (M-1), "H NMR (400 MHz, CD50D): §1.19 (t, 3H), 3.0 (q, 2H), 7.20 (m, 2H), 7.29 (d, 2H), 7.43 (d, 1H), 7.50 (m, 2H), 7.62 (m, 2H), 7.81 (m, 1H), 8.27 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 234: 2-Isopropyi-5-{4-(4-triflucromethoxy-benzyisulfanvl)-phenvisulfamoyil-benzoic acid 0

F OH

Fo I 1% CH, : sii [o]} CH, 71% yieid. MS: 524.2 (M-1); "TH NMR (400 MHz, CD;0D): $1.23 (d, 6H), 3.75 (m, 1H), 7.02 © (m, 2H), 7.09 (d, 2H), 7.15 (m, 2H), 7.23 (m, 2H), 7.51 (d, 1H), 7.71 (m, 1H), 8.01 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 235:2-Methyi-5-[2-{4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl}-benzooxazol-5-yisulfamoyi]-benzoic acid (0)

F.F

FX o o OH 0 — | Ti

N -$ 4 CH,

H 0 71% yield. MS: 493.2 (M+1); "H NMR (400 MHz, CD;0D): $2.56 (s, 3H), 7.15 (m, 1H), 7.35 (d, 1H), 7.48 (c, 3H), 7.54 (c, 1H), 7.68 (m, 1H), 8.19 (d, 1H), 8.31 (d, 2H).

EXAMPLE 236: 2-Ethyi-5-[4-(quinolin-2-vimethyisulfanwvi}phenvisulfamovi}-benzoic acid (0)

OH

SEP,

N H i CH,

100% vield. MS: 479.4 (M+1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD3;0D): $1.20 (t, 3H), 3.03 (qg, 2H), 4.5 (d, 2H), 7.01 (m, 2H), 7.20 (m, 2H), 7.42 (d, 1H), 7.78 (c, 2H), 7.93 (m, 1H), 7.99 (d, 1H), 8.12 (m, 1H), 8.23 (d, 1H), 8.26 (d, 1H), 8.94 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 237: 2-| ropyi-5-[4-{quinolin-2-yimethylsulfanyl}-phenvisulfamoyl]-benzoic acid ®)

OH

~ —

N N i CH, 96% yield. MS: 493.3 (M+1), 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD,0DY): $1.23 (d, 6H), 3.82 (m, 1H), 449 (s, 2H), 7.02 (m, 2H), 7.2 (m, 2H), 7.58 (d, 1H),7.76 (d, 1H), 7.82 (m, 1H), 7.95 (m, 1H), 8.04 {m, 1H), 8.11, (c 2H), 8.25 (d, 1H), 8.92 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 238: 2-Ethyi-5-{2-(4-trifluoromethyi-phenvyi}-bengooxazol-5-yisulfamoyil-benzoic acid

Oo

F o OH

F) {OY \ Ty! / N

F 5 CH, 85% vield. MS: 491.3 (M+1); "H NMR (400 MHz, CD;0D): §1.17 (t, 3H), 3.00 (q, 2H), 7.19 (m, 1H), 7.41 (d, 1H), 7.51 (d, 1H), 7.58 (d, 1H), 7.76 (m, 1H), 7.87 (d, 2H), B.23 (d, 1H), 8.37 (d, 2H).

EXAMPLE 239: 2-Methyl-5-[2-(4-triflupromethyl-phenyi}-benzooxazol-5-visulfamovyil-benzoic acid (0)

OH

FOS]

NN —- . F N N i Hy 92% vield. MS: 477.3 (M+1); "HNMR (400 MHz, CD30D): 62.58 (s, 3H), 7.18 (m, 1H), 7.38 (d, 1H), 7.50 (d, 1H), 7.38 (d, 1H), 7.50 (d, 1H), 7.58 (d, 1H), 7.73 (m, 1H), 7.88 (d, 2H), 8.27 (d, 1H), 8.38 (d, 2H).

EXAMPLE 240: 5-(4-Cyclohexyimethyisulfanyl-phenylsulfamoyl)-2-methyi-benzoic acid

CH,

HO

0] OH

Oh 74% yield. MS: 418.0 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD;0D): 50.95 (c, 2H), 1.19 {c, 3H), 1.40 (c, 1H), 1.67 (c, 3H), 1.83 (c, 2H), 2.60 (s, 3H), 2.72 (d, 2H), 7.00 (m, 2H), 7.17 (m, 2H), 7.38 (d, 1H), 7.70 (m, 1H), 8.27 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 241: 5-(4-Cyclobutyimethyisulfanyl-phenylsulfamoyi)}-2-methyi-benzoic acid

CH,

HO ory

O OH

[gs 83% yield. MS: 390 (M-1); "HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl): $1.70 (c, 2H), 1.85 (c, 2H), 2.06 (c, 2H), 2.47 (m, 1H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.93 (d. 2H), 6.99 (m, 2), 7.20 (m, 2H), 7.34 (d, 1H), 7.75 (m, 1H), 8.47 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 242: 2-Isopropyt-5-J4-(5-methyl-benzooxazol-2-yl)-phenyisulfamovil-benzoic acid (0)

OH

4 ~%

H.C N id o CH, 89% yield. MS: 451.3 (M+1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD30ODY): 51.21 (d, 6H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 3.81 (m, 1H), 7.20 (d, 1H), 7.32 (d, 2H), 7.48 (d, 2H), 7.61 (d, 1H), 7.91 (m, 1H), 8.07 (d, 2H), 8.21 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 243: 5-44-(1H-Benzoimidazol-2-yl)-phenyisulfamoyil-2-isopropyl-benzoic acid 0

H OH

N 0 CH,

I — >—N~S

N H oO CH,

94% yield. MS:436.3 (M+1); "HNMR (400 MHz, CD;0D): 81.22 (d, 6H), 3.81 (m, 1H), 7.48 {(m, 2H), 7.61 (c, 3H), 7.77 (c, 2H), 8.00 (c, 3H), 8.23 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 244: 2-isopropyi-5-[4-{3-trifiucromethoxy-ben anyl)-phenyisulfamo enzoic acid 0]

OH

OO ? CH,

F——0 h X CH,

F

91% yield. MS: 524.3 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD;0D): 81.23 (d, 6H), 3.82 (m, 1H), 7.00 {m, 2H), 7.08 (c, 3H), 7.16 (m, 2H), 7.25 (m, 1H), 7.55 (d, 1H), 7.76 (m, 1H), 8.11 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 245:2-Ethyi-5-[4-(3-triflucromethoxy-benzyisulfanyl}-phenvisulfamovi]-benzoic acid 0] y \ pa ? .

F S -

Fo _/ HN x CH,

F

72% yield. MS: 510.1 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD;0D): 81.20 (t, 3H), 3.03 (q, 2H), 4.04 (s, 2H), 6.99 (m, 2H), 7.08 (c, 3H), 7.16 (m, 2H), 7.25 (m, 1H), 7.40 (d, 1H), 7.73 (m, 1H), 8.24 (d, 1H). 156

EXAMPLE 246: 2-Ethyl-5-(4'-propoxy-biphenyl-4-visulfamowi}-benzoic acid 0,

OH

(e] “moO Or

H

[0] CH, 92% yield. MS:438.3 (M-1); HNMR {400 MHz, CD30OD): $1.04 (t, 3H), 1.18 (t, 3H), 1.79 (m, 2H), 3.02 (q, 2H), 3.94 {t, 2H), 6.92 (m,2H), 7.13 (mM, 2H), 7.43 (c, 5H), 7.78 (m, 1H), 8.26 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 247: 2-Isopropyi-5-(4'-propoxy-biphenyi-4-yisulfamovi}-benzoic acid

Q,

OH oO CH,

HC N-S 0} N 3

[0] CH,

93% vield. MS:452.3 (M-1); TH NMR (400 MHz, CD,0D): 61.04 {t, 3H), 1.22 (d, BH), 1.79 (m, 2H), 3.81 (m, 1H), 3.94 (m, 2H), 6.93 (m, 2H), 7.14 (m, 2H), 7.44 (c, 4H), 7.57 (d, 1H), 7.80 (m, 1H), 8.13 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 248: 5-[2-(4-tert-Butyl-phenvl)-benzooxazol-5-yisuifamoyl]-2-isopro -benzoic acid @)

OH

Q CH, i y 0 Hy

N

H,C

HC” em, 93% yield. MS: 493.4 (M+1); 'H NMR {400 MHz, CD,0D): 51.20 (d, 6H), 1.37 (s, 9H), 3.80 (c, 1H), 7.13 (m,1H), 7.45 (d, 1H), 7.54 (t, 2H), 7.62 (d, 2H), 7.78 (m, 1H), 8.11 (m, 3H).

EXAMPLE 249: 2-Methyi-5-[4-(5-trifluoromethvi-pyridin-2-ylcarbamoyl}-phenylsulfamoyll- benzoic acid

FF (o)

OH pe N _ I

N N N 5 CH,

Q

2% yield (material lost). MS: 478.0 (M-1); 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD;0D): $2.49 (s, 3H), 7.19 (d, 1H), 7.28 (m, 4H), 7.67 (m, 1H), 7.85 (m, 2H), 8.05 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 250: 5-{4-(5-Cyciohexyl-[1,3 4]oxadiazol-2-yi}-phenvisulfamoyil-2-methyl-benzgic acid 0)

OH

N—N

OOH C= 0 NTR (0) 86% vield. MS: 442.0 (M+1); "H NMR (400 MHz, CDCly): 51.15-1.4 (c, 3H), 1.49-1.7 (c, 3H), 1.76 (¢, 2H), 2.02 (c, 2H), 2.53 (s, 3H), 2.86 (c, 1H), 7.20 (m, 3H), 7.73 (m, 3H), 8.39 (d, 1H).

Ex. Chemical Structure [ Chemical Name [Data | Name | Data

WC 2005/092845 PCT/IB2005/000526

Chemical Structure Chemical Name [Data : 2-Methyl-5-[2-(5- ; ; 0 OH y-5-42- 85% ] | 0 methyl-2-phenyl- | jor ; Co - oxazol-4-yimethyi)- 251 0_CH, N $ CH, yimethyi) MS: & J 0 benzofuran-5-

N Isulf benzoic oO ylsulfamoyl}-benzoic (M1) acid 0 2-Ethyl-5-[2-(5-methy+ | 91% o OH | 2-phenyi-oxazok4- yield. i! methyl)}-benzofuran- | MS: 252 0-CH, K $ ; yimethy!)-b

Q 1a Pl 0 CH, | 5- 517.2 ! N 0 yisulfamoyi}-benzoic (M+1) acid i 70% 2-1sopropyl-5-{2-(4- yield.

F ? trifluoromethoxy- 0 OH { 253 ro Q CH, | phenyl)-benzooxazol

F N% cp. | 5-Yisulfamoyil-benzoic 0] 3 fi acid MS: 521.4 (M+1)

RF O | 2-Ethyl-5-4-(2- 50%

Fx trifluoromethoxy- yield. i 254 O ? {| benzyisulfanyl)- MS:

S i C) phenylsulfamoyl)- 511.0

Oo benzoic acid (M+1)

Ex. | Chemical Structure Chemical Name Data 1 | i 94% yield. 0]

OH 5-[4-{5-Cyciohexyl-

N—N — 0 1,3,4]Joxadiazol-2-yl)- 255 I \ a! CH 0 \ // N 0 3 | phenyisulfamoyi]-2- i 0 methyi-benzoic acid | MS: 4420 (M+1)

CH, | o

CH . 75% s | 2-Methyl-5-[(4'- fo) . yield.

Na O | propoxy-biphenyl-4- MS: 256 il i)-pr ifamoyl}- i lo) on | Yirpropytsufamoyl- os x benzoic acid (M+) ! H,

I H.C ~~ o ZZ

Hy Hy 0 CH, | 2-isopropyl-5-[propy}-

Nu Oo (4-trifluoromethoxy- | Y'&' 257 i biphenyl-4-yl)— Ms: 0] OH 5022

F @® sulfamoyl]-benzoic ’

Ag acid (M+1)

F

2-MethyF5-[4-(4- 95%

F R OH trifluoromethoxy- yield. } Fo 0) benzyloxy)- MS: 258 0 -$ CH,

F N a phenyisulfamoyl]- 480.9 benzoic acid {M-1)

EXAMPLE 259: 2-Methyi-5-[(4'-propoxy-biphenyi-4-yl)-propyi-sutfamovil-benzoic acid methyi ester

CHa - % CH, 0] ee:

TTT

Hilo @

A mixture of 5-[(4'-hydroxy-biphenyi-4-yl)-propyl-sulfamoyl}-2-methyl- benzoic acid methyl ester (100 mg, 0.25 mmol), 1-iodopropane (36.7 ul, 0.38 mmol) and potassium carbonate (52 mg, 38 mmol) in 5 ml acetone was heated at 56°C under nitrogen overnight. Additional 1-iodopropane was added (35.7 pl, 0.38 mmol) and the mixture was heated at 56°C under nitrogen overnight. The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature and diluted with 40 mi ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate solution was washed sequentially with 30 ml water and 30 mi brine, dried (anhydrous sodium sulfate} and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by preparative thick layer chromatography (silica gel), eluting with 3:1 toluene/ethyl acetate to yield the tiie compound as an off-white solid (21 mg, 17% yield) along with 5-[(4'-hydroxy-biphenyl-4-yl}-propyl- sulfamoyi}-2-methyl-benzoic acid methyl ester (64 mg, 58% yield).

MS:482.2 (M+1) 2-Methyi-5-[(4'-propoxy-biphenyl-4-yl)-propyi-sulfamoyl}-benzoic acid methyl ester

MS: 440.1 (M+1) 5-[(4'-hydroxy-biphenyl-4-yl}-propyl-suifamoyl}-2-methyi-benzoic acid methyl ester

EXAMPLE 260: 2-Isopropyl-5-propyl-{4 -triflucromethoxy-biphenyi-4-yl}-sulfamoyl]-benzoic acid methyl ester

CHs CH,

CH

0] OCHg4

LAC

0 F ()

The title compound was prepared using a procedure analogous to that of EXAMPLE 257 but using 2-isopropyl-5-(4'-trifiucromethoxy-biphenyl-4-yisulfamoyl}-benzoic acid methyl ester in place of 5-[(4"-hydroxy-biphenyl-d-yl)-propytsulfamoyi}-2-methyl-benzoic acid methyl ester. 80% yield. MS: 564.2 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 261: 4-{5-Methyl-benzooxazol-2-yi}-phenylamine .

A mixture of 2-amino-p-cresol (1.5 g, 12 mmol), 4-aminobenzoic acid (1.67 g, 12 mmol) and 40 gq polyphosphoric acid was heated at 190° C under nitrogen for 6 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and 300 mi water was added to the viscous liquid. The solid that precipitated was collected by filtration and dissolved in 200 ml ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate solution was washed sequentially with 100 mi saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, 100 ml water and 100 m! brine, dried (anhydrous sodium sulfate) and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the title compound as an off-white solid (2.43 g, 89% yield).

MS: 225.0 (M+1)

The title compounds of EXAMPLES 262-268 were prepared using procedures analogous to that of EXAMPLE 261 from appropriate starting materials.

Ex. Chemical Name Data i . 85% yield. 262 4-Benzooxazol-2-yl-phenylamine

MS: 211.1 (M+1) 92% yield. 263 4-(5-Phenyi-benzooxazol-2-yl)-phenylamine

MS: 287.2 (M+1) 77% yield. 264 4-(5-Chjoro-benzooxazol-2-yl}-phenylamine

MS: 245.1 (M+1) 59% yield. 4-Benzothiazol-2-yl-phenylamine

MS: 227.2 (M+1) 4-(1H-Benzoimidazol-2-y!)-phenylamin 79% yield. -Benzoimidazol-2- nylamine

P MS: 210.2 (M+1) 267 3-(5-Methyt-b 1-2-yl)-phenylami 83% yield. @ enzooxazol-2-yl)-phenylamine yi-pheny MS: 225.1 (M+1) . 39% yield. 268 3-Benzothiazol-2-yl-phenylamine

MS: 227.1 (M+1)

EXAMPLE 269 4-(4-Trifluoromethyl-benzyloxy)-phenylamine - "15 To a solution of p-aminophenol (0.200 g, 1.83 mmol), 4-triflucromethylbenzyl alcohol (025 ml, 1.83 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (0.529 g, 2.02 mmol) in 5 ml anhydrous tetrahydrofuran was added diethyl azodicarboxylate (0.318 ml, 2.02 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature under nitrogen. It was then diluted with 70 ml ethyl acetate and the resulting solution was washed sequentially with 50 ml saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, 50 ml water and 50 ml brine, dried (anhydrous sodium sulfate) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The solid residue was purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 15 g), eluting with 8:2 hexanef/ethyl acetate to yield the title compound as an off-white solid (0.272 g, 55% yield). MS: 284.1 (M+1)

The title compounds of EXAMPLES 270-276 were prepa red using procedures analogous to that of EXAMPLE 269 from appropriate starting materials. [Bx | ChemicalName ~~ fb

MS: 228.3 (M+1 271 4-(4-Butoxy-benzyloxy)-phenylamine 19% vied.

MS: 272.4 (M+1)

MS: 252.2 (M+1)

MS: 236.2 (M+1)

MS: 236.2 (M+1)

MS: 236.2 (M+1)

MS: 284.2 (M+1)

EXAMPLE 277 4-(4-Trifluoromethyt-benzvisulfanyl}phenwlamine

Sodium hydride [0.153 g (50% in mineral oil), 3.2 mmol] wvas added to a solution of 4~ aminothiophenol (0.20 g, 1.6 mmol) in 5 ml anhydrous tetrahydrofuran. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 15 min, then 4- trifluoromethylbenzyl chloride (0.236 ml, 1.6 mmol) was a dded. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature under nitrogen. Water {50 ml ) was then added and the resulting mixture was extracted with 2 X 50 mi ethyl acetate. The combined ethyi acetate extracts were washed sequentially with 60 ml saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, 60 ml water and 60 ml brine, dried (@nhydrous sodium sulfate) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The solid residue was purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 15 g), eluting with 85:15 hexa ne/ethyl acetate to yield the title compound as an off-white solid (0.318 g, 70% yield). MS: 284.1 (M+1)

The title compounds of EXAMPLE 278-304 were prepared using procedures analogous to that of EXAMPLE 277 from appropriate starting materials -

Ex. Chemical Name Data 278 | 3-(4-Trif thyl-benzylsutfanyl}-phenylami 66% yield. -(4-Trifluoromethyl-benzylsulfan enylamine yroensy pheny MS: 284.1 (M+1) 279 | 4(3-Trif thyl-benzylsulfanyl)-phenylami 58% yield. -(3-Trifluoromethyl-benzylsulfanyl)-phenylamine id yore MS: 284.1 (M+1) 0 | 4-(4-t-Butyl-benzylsulfanyl)-phenylamine 42% yield.

MS: 272.2 (M+1 281 4-(4-Isopropyi-benzylsulfanyl)-phenylamine 56% yield.

MS: 268.2 (M+1 == 282 4-(4-Trifluoromethoxy-benzylsulfanyl)-phenylamine 46% yield.

MS: 300.1 (M+1 283 4-(4-Chloro-benzylsulfanyl)-phenylamine 45% yield. 250.1 (M+1 284 | 4-(4-Ethyl-benzyisulfanyl)-phenylamine 45% yield.

MS: 244.1 (M+1 285 4-(4-Phenyl-benzylsulfanyl)-phenylamine 21% yield.

MS: 292.1 (M+1 4-(3-Phenoxy-benzyisulfanyl}-phenylamine 50% yield. - - mi y y MS: 308.1 (M+1) 287 4-{2-{4-Chloro-phenyl)-thiazol-4-yimethylsulfanyl]- 25% yield. phenytamine MS: 333.1 (M+1) 4-(Quinolin-2-yimethylsulfanyl}-phenylamine 53% yield.

MS; 267.1 (M+1 289 4-(5-Phenyl-{1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-ylmethyisuifanyl)- 46% yield. phenylamine MS: 284.2 (M+1) 4-(Naphthalen-2-yimethyisulfany!)-phenylamine 53% vieid.

MS: 266.3 (M+1 291 4-(4-Fluoro-benzylsulfanyl)-phenylamine 41% yield.

MS: 234.3 (M+1 292 4-(3,4-Diflucro-benzylsuifanyl)-phenylamine 66% yield.

MS: 252.2 (M+1) i 45% yield. 293 4-(3,5-Bis-trifluoromethyl-benzylsulfanyl)-phenylamine

MS: 352.2 (M+1 4-(3-Trifluoromethyt-benzylsulfanyl)-phenytamin 22% yield. -{3- - amine

MS: 284.3 (M+1) 295 4-(3,4-Dimethy--benzyisulfany!}-phenylamine 84% yield.

MS: 244.3 (M+1 296 | 4-(2,4-Bis-trifluioromethyi-benzylsulfanyl)-phenylamine 39% yield.

MS: 251.3 (M+1

: 65% yield. ' 297 | 4-(2-Chioro-4-fluoro-benzyisulfanyl)-phenylamine MS: 268.2 (M+1) i phenylamine MS: 309.2 (M+1)

MS:291.1 (M+1 phenylamine MS: 309.0 (M+1) phenylamine MS: 341.2 (M+1)

MS: 300.1 (M+1 303 | 4{4-Cyclohexyimethylsulfanyl)-phenylamine 49% yield. ; MS: 222.1 (M+1

MS: 300.3 (M+1

EXAMPLE 305 4-(3.5-Dimethyl-benzylsuifanyl}-nitrobenzene

To a solution of 4-nitrothiophenol {0.400 g, 2.57 mmol), 3,5-dimethylbenzyl alcohol (0.38 m!, 2.57 mmol) and triphenytphosphine (0.743 g, 2.84 mmol) in 10 mi anhydrous tetrahydrofuran was added diethyl azodicarboxylate (0.446 ml, 2.84 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature under nitrogen. It was then diluted with 90 ml ethyl acetate and the resulting solution was washed sequentially” with 70 ml saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, 70 ml water and 70 ml brine, dried (anhydrous sodium sulfate) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The solid residue was triturated with 95:5 hexane/ethyl acetate (20 ml) and filtered. The filtrate was co ncentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 15 g), eluting with 95:5 hexane/ethyl acetate to yield title compound as a yellow solid (0.35 g, 50% yield). 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD4CI): $2.30 (s, 6H), 4.18 (s, 2H), 6.92 (s, 1H), 7.0 (s, 2H), 7.33 (d, 2H), 8.10 (d, 2H).

The title compounds of EXAMPLE 306-309 were prepared using procedures analogous to that of EXAMPLE 305 from appropriate starting materials.

EXAMPLE 306 4-(4-Butoxy-benzyisulfanyl}-nitrobenzene 26% yield. 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD3Cl): 80.97 (t, 3H), 1.4-1.53 (c, 2H), 1.7-1.8 (c, 2H), 3.95 {m, 2H), 4.2 (s, 2H), 6.85 (d, 2H), 7.27 (d, 2H), 7.33 (d, 2H), 8.1 (d, 2H).

EXAMPLE 307 4-(2,3-Difluoro-benzyisutfanyl}-nitrobenzene 55% yleid. 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD,CI): 84.28 (s, 2H), 7.0-7.16 (c, 3H), 7.37 (d, 2H). 8.13 (d, 2H).

EXAMPLE 308 4-(3,5-Difluoro-benzylsulfanyl)-nitrobenzene 33% yield. 'H NMR (400 MHz, CDsCl): 54.20 (s, 2H), 6.73 (m, 2H), 6.92 (m, 2H), 7.32 (m, 2H), 8.12 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 309 4-(4-Trifluoromethyisulfanyl-benzyisuifanvl)-nitrobenzene 55% yield. MS: 344.1 (M-1).

The title compounds of EXAMPLE 310-312 were prepared using procedures analogous to that of EXAMPLE 305 from appropriate starting materials but using 4- nitrophenot! or 3-nitrophenol in place of 4-nitrothiophenol.

EXAMPLE 310 4-[2-(4-Nitro-phenoxy)-ethyl}-2-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenvi)-thiazzole 78% yield. MS: 411.1 (M+1)

EXAMPLE 311 4-[2-(4-Nitro-phenoxy)-ethvil-2-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl}-thiazo le 70% yield. MS: 395.1 (M+1)

EXAMPLE 312 3-(4-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)-nitrobenzene 22% yield. MS: 296.1 (M-1)

EXAMPLE 313 4-(4-tert-butylphenoxy)nitrobenzene

Sodium hydride [0.16 g (50% in mineral oil), 3.33 mmol} was added to a solutiors of 4- tert- butyiphenol (0.5 g, 3.33 mmol) in § ml dimethylformamide at room temperature. After 15 min 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene (0.262 g, 1.66 mmol) was added and the reaction mnixture was ’ heated at 80 °C overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with 50 mi ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate solution was washed sequentially with 3

X 40 ml water and 40 ml brine, dried (anhydrous sodium sulfate) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product (0.9 g) was purified by flash column chrornatography (15 g silica gel), eluting with 98:2 hexane/ethyl acetate to yield the title compound as a yellowish solid (0.499 g, quantitative yield). "H NMR (400 MHz, CD;Cl): 81.35 (s, 9H), 7.0 (d, 2H), 7.43 (d, 2H), 8.19 (d, 2H).

EXAMPLE 314 _4-(3.5-Dimethyl-benzylsulfanyl)-phenylamine

A mixture of 4-(3,5-dimethyl-benzylsutfany!)-nitrobenzene (0.35 g, 1.28 mmol) calcium chloride (0.071 g, 0.64 mmol) and iron powder (-325 mesh) (0.573 g, 10.3 mmol) in 4 mi water and 17 ml! ethanol was heated at reflux under nitrogen for 4.5 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature, filtered through Celite a nd the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residual oil was purified by column chromatography, eluting with 9:1 hexane/ethyl acetate fo yield the title compound as a veilowish oil (0.29 g, 91% yield). MS: 244.3 (M+1)

The title compounds of EXAMPLE 315-327 were prepared using procedures analogous to that of EXAMPLE 314 from appropriate starting materials.

EXAMPLE 315 4-(4-Butoxy-benzvisulfanyl}-phenylamine 80% yield. 'H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI): 50.96 (m, 3H), 1.4-1.52 (c, 2H), 1.7-1.8 (c, 2H), 16 3.85-3.96 (m, 4H), 6.57 (d, 2H), 6.77 (d, 2H), 7.07 (d, 2H), 7.13 (d, 2H).

EL LR

MS: 252.2 (M+1) . 84% yield. 318 4-(4-Trifluoromethylsuifanyl-benzylsulfanyl)-phenytamine

MS: 316.1 (M+1)

MS: 228.3 (M+1)

MS: 244.2 (M+1)

MS: 267.3 (M+1)

MS: 295.3 (M+1)

MS (279.3 (M+1) phenylamine MS: 381.2 (M+1) 205 4-(2-{2-(4-Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-thiazol-4-yl}-ethoxy}- 70% yield. phenylamine MS:365.2 (M+1)

; ] 80% yield. 326 | 4-(4-tert-Butyl-phenoxy)-phenylamine MS: 242.4 (M+1) 77% yield.

EXAMPLE 328 4'-Triflucromethoxy-biphenyl-4-ylamine

A mixture of 4-trifluoromethoxylbenzeneboronic acid (300 mg, 1.45 mmol), p-bromoaniline {100 mg, 0.58 mmol), dichiorof1,1 "_bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(ll) dichloromethane adduct (24 mg,0.029 mmol), 1,1"-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (16 mg, 0.029 mmol) and potassium carbonate (0.58mi of a 2M aqueous solution, 1.16 mmol) in 5 ml 1,4-dioxane was heated at reflux under nitrogen for 20 hr. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with 40 mi water and extracted with 2 X 40 ml ethyl acetate. The combined ethyl acetate extracts were washed with 40 ml brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 15 g), eluting with 10:1 hexane/ethyi acetate to yield the title compound as a tan solid (70 mg, 48% yield). MS: 254.1 (M+1) 156 EXAMPLE 329 2-Cyclohexyl-5-{4-nitro-phenvi)-{1.3.4loxadiazole

A mixture of 5-(4-nitro-phenyl)-1H-tetrazole (0.5 g, 2.62 mmol) and cyclohexane carbonyl } chloride (0.35 ml, 2.62 mmol) in 3 ml anhydrous pyridine was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 20 min, then heated to 60° C for 1 hr and finally heated to 100° C for 2 h.

The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature then poured onto ice (30 g) and the aqueous mixture was extracted with 30 mi ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate solution was washed sequentially with 30 ml water, 30 ml 1N aqueous hydrochloric acid solution and 30 mi brine, dried (anhydrous sodium sulfate) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude produce was purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 40 g), eluting with 4:1 hexane/ethyl acetate to yield the title compound as a yellowish solid (0.5 g, 100% yield).

MS: 274.2 (M+1)

EXAMPLE 330 4-Nitro-4'propoxybiphenyl

To a solution of 4-hydroxy-4'nitrobiphenyl in 5 mi acetone was added potassium carbonate (240 mg, 1.74 mmol) and 1-lodopropane (0.17 ml, 1.74 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 24 h. Additional potassium carbonate (240 mg, 1.74 mmol) and 1- iodopropane (0.17 mi, 1.74 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 24 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with 30 ml ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate solution was washed sequentially with 25 mi water and 25 mt brine, dried (anhydrous sodium sulfate) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel), eluting with 14:1 hexane/ethyl acetate to yield the title compound (0.267 g, 89% yield) MS: 258.3 (M-1)

EXAMPLE 331 2-(4-tert-Butyl-phenyl)-5-nitro-benzooxazole 4-tert-Butyl-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl}-benzamide 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (2.62 g, 21.4 mmol) was added portionwise with stirring to a solution of 4-tert-butylbenzoy! chloride (3.8 ml, 19.5 mmol) and 2-amino-4-nitrophenol (3.0 g, 19.5 mmol) in 60 mi methylene chloride. The resulting solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction solution was diluted with 60 mi methylene chloride and washed with 3 X 50 ml water. The methylene chloride solution was separated, filtered to remove precipitated solid, dried (anhydrous sodium sulfate) and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure to yield the title compound as a brownish solid (5.01 g, 82% yield). 2-{4-tert-Butyl-phenyl)-5-nitro-benzooxazole

Diethyl azodicarboxylate (0.275 mi, 1.75 mmol) was added dropwise with stirring to a solution of 4-tert-butyl-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-benzamide (0.5 g, 1.59 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (0.458 g, 1.75 mmol) in 15 ml anhydrous tetrahydrofuran. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature, then diluted with 75 mi ethyl acetate.

The ethyl acetate solution was washed sequentially with 50 ml water and 50 ml! brine, dried (anhydrous sodium sulfate) and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (40 g silica gel), eluting with 9:1 hexane/ethyl acetate to yield a yellowish solid (0.305 g), which was further purified by column chromatography (15 g silica gel), eluting with 95:5 hexane/ethyl acetate, to yield the title compound as a yellowish solid (0.125 g, 27% yield). MS: 297.3 (M+1)

The title compounds of EXAMPLE 332-333 were prepared using procedures analogous to that of EXAMPLE 331 from appropriate starting materials.

EXAMPLE 332 2-(4-Trifluoromethoxy-phenyi}-5-nitro-benzooxazole 4-Trifluoromethoxy-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyt}-benzamide 100 % yield 2-{4-Trifluoromethoxy-phenvyl}-5-nitro-benzooxazole 66% yield. MS: 325.2 (M+1)

EXAMPLE 333 2-(4-Trifluoromethoxy-phenyl}-5-nitro-benzooxazole 40 4 Triflucromethyl-N-{2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl}-benzamide

83% vield 2:(4-Trifluoromethyi-phenvi)-5-nitro-benzooxazole 93% yield. MS: 309.3 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 334 5-Chiorosulfonyi-2-methyl-benzoic acid

A mixture of o-toluic acid (15 g, 0.11 mol) and chlorosulfonic acid (30 ml) was heated at 100 °C under nitrogen for 2.5 h. The reaction mixture was then poured onto ice (500 ml) and the resuiting precipitate was filtered, yielding the title compound as an off-white solid (20 g, 78% yield). MP 151-1865 °C.

The titie compounds of EXAMPLE 335-337 were prepared using a procedure analogous to that of EXAMPLE 334 from appropriate starting materials.

EXAMPLE 335 3-Chlorosulfonyi-2,6-dimethyl-benzoic acid 28% yield. 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD,0D) § 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.72 (s, 3H), 7.41 (d, 1H), 8.02 (d, 1H),

EXAMPLE 336 5-Chlorosulfonyl-2,3-dimethyi-benzoic acid 77% yield. 'H NMR (400 MHz, CDCls) § 2.49 (s, 3H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 8.47 (s, 1H).

EXAMPLE 337 5-Chiorosulfonyi-2-ethvl-benzoic acid 76% yield. MS: 247.0 (M-1).

EXAMPLE 338 5-Chlorosulfonyl-2-methyi-benzoic acid methyl ester

Chlorosulfonic acid (106.2 ml) was carefully added over 1 min with stirring under nitrogen to 2-methyl-benzoic acid methyl ester (55.9 ml, 0.4 mol). The reaction mixture was placed in an oil bath preheated to 100 °C for 15 min, then poured onto ice (1000 mi). The resulting precipitate was filtered and dissolved in ethyl acetate (400 ml). The ethyl acetate solution was washed sequentially with 10X 300 ml saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, 30 0 ml water and 300 mi brine, dried (anhydrous sodium sulfate) and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the title compound as a yellowish oil (37.3 g, 37% yield). 'H NMR (4-00

MHz, CDCI3) §, 2.74 (s, 3H), 3.96 (s, 3H), 7.52 (d, 1H), 8.04 (m, 1H), 8.58 (d, 1H).

The title compounds of EXAMPLE 339-343 were prepared using procedures analogous to that of EXAMPLE 338 from appropriate starting materials. 25

EXAMPLE 339 5-Chiorosulfonyi-2-ethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester

42% yield. "H NMR (400 MHz, CDCly) § 1.29 (t, 3H), 3.11 (a, 2H), 3.96 (s, 3H), 7.54 (d, 1H), 8.06 (m, 1H), 8.53 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 340 5-Chiorosutfonyi-2-isopropyl-benzoic acid methyl ester 47% yield. 'H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl;)5 1.3 (d, 6H), 3.87 (m, 1H), 3.96 (s, 3H), 7.67 (d, 1H), 8.08 (m, 1H), 8.41 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 341_5-Chlorosuifonyl-2,3-dimethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester 41% yield. 'H NMR (400 MHz, CDCly) § 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.58 (s, 3H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 7.92 (d, 1H), 8.31 (d, 1H).

EXAMPLE 342 5-Chlorosutfonyi-2-ethoxy-benzoic acid ethyl ester 10% yield. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) d 1.43 (t, 3H), 1.52 (t, 3H), 4.24 (a, 2H), 4.40 (q, 2H), 7.10 (d, 1H), 8.09 (m, 1H), 8.43 (d, 1H). 18 y

EXAMPLE 343 5-Chiorosuifonyl-2-methyisulfanyl-benzoic acid methyl ester 58% yield. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) d 2.55 (s, 3H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 7.47 (d, 1H), 8.05 (m, 1H), 8.64 (d, 1H).

Throughout this application, various publications are referenced. The disclosures of these publications in their entireties are hereby incorporated by reference into this application for all purposes. it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. Itis intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.

Claims (1)

1. What is claimed is:

   1. A compound having a Formula Hae (J)g——ArP—B—Ar'——— N——5§ \ Pi I X Formula or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound, wherein Q is carbon; each R'is independently hydrogen, halo, (C+-Cs)alkyl optionally substituted with one or more halo or with (C,-Cs)alkoxy, (C,-Cs)alkoxy optionally substituted with one to eleven halo, (C,-Cs)alkyithio optionally substituted with one or more halo, or R' in conjunction with the two adjacent carbon atoms forms a Cs-Cs fused fully saturated, partially unsaturated or fully unsaturated carbocyclic ring wherein each carbon in the carbon chain may optionally be replaced with one heteroatom selected from oxygen and sulfur; R? is hydrogen or (C1-Cs)alkyl optionally substituted with C,-Cs alkoxy; X is -COOR*; R*is H, (Cs-Cy)alkyl; benzyl or p-nitrobenzyl; Ar' is phenyl or phenyl fused to either oxazolyl or thiazolyl;; wherein Ar' is optionally mono- or di-substituted: independently with: halo, (C,-Cj)alkyl optionally substituted with one to nine halo, ef (C4-Cs)alkoxy optionally substituted with one to nine halo, or (C,-Cs)alkylthio optionally substituted with one to nine halo; Bis a bond, -L-(CY2),- or -(CYz).-L-, and Lis O or S, each Y is independently hydrogen or (C,-C5) alkyl, and nis 0, 1 or 2; Ar is phenyl or phenyl fused to a ring selected from the group consisting of: phenyl, pyridinyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, oxazoly!, and imidazolyl; each J is independently hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, (C,-Cg)alkyl optionally substituted with one to eleven halo. (C,-Cg)alkoxy optionally substituted with one to eleven halo, (C,-Cg)alkylthio optionally substituted with one to eleven halo, (Cs- C;)cycloalkyl, (C3-C)cycloalkoxy, (C5-Cr)cycloalkylthio. or phenyl optionally substituted 138 AMCNDED SHEET with one to four substituents from the group consisting of: halo, (C,-C,)alkyl optionally substituted with one to five halo, (C.-Cs)alkoxy optionally substituted with one to five halo, and (C;-C;)alkylthio optionally substituted with one to five halo; p and q are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3: and with the provisos: d) if Ar' is phenyl, Bis a bond, Ar? is a bond or phenyl, and X is <COOH then q is other than 0 and J is other than hydrogen, halo, (C4-Cg)alkyl or unsubstituted phenyl; e) if Ar' is phenyl, Bis not a bond, Ar? is phenyl and X is -COOR® then B is attached to Ar' para to NR? and f) ifBisO, S, SO, NH, CO, CH, or SO, then R' is not H.

   2. A compound according to claim 1, wherein N HO HOO HOO HC, Aris : N , or ; and N N Sha “CH =3t i ~~ J Aris — As 7 : , or ° $ (e— +

   +

   3. A compound according to claim 2, wherein gis 1or2and each Jis independently halo, (C,-C;)alkyl optionally substituted with one to three halo, or (C;- Cs)alkoxy optionally substituted with one to three halo. 4, A compound according to claim 3 wherein pis 1 and R*is H or (C;- Cj)alkyl.

   5. A compound according to any of claims 1-4, wherein L is S,nis 1, and halo is fluoro. 139 AMUNOEU SHEET

   11. A free acid compound of a compound having the following structure OH 0 fo] XN / Xx 8 S NH or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound.

   12. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of Claim 11 or 16, further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle or diluent. 141 AMLNDEU SHEET