ZA200503533B - Method for producing fully ceramic tooth elements having a pre-determined spatial form by means of electrophoresis - Google Patents
Method for producing fully ceramic tooth elements having a pre-determined spatial form by means of electrophoresis Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ZA200503533B ZA200503533B ZA200503533A ZA200503533A ZA200503533B ZA 200503533 B ZA200503533 B ZA 200503533B ZA 200503533 A ZA200503533 A ZA 200503533A ZA 200503533 A ZA200503533 A ZA 200503533A ZA 200503533 B ZA200503533 B ZA 200503533B
- Authority
- ZA
- South Africa
- Prior art keywords
- chip
- electrically conductive
- tooth elements
- producing fully
- ceramic tooth
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 230000010485 coping Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011796 hollow space material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012799 electrically-conductive coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000282320 Panthera leo Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
- A61C13/0003—Making bridge-work, inlays, implants or the like
- A61C13/0006—Production methods
- A61C13/001—Electrophoresis coating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
- A61C13/0003—Making bridge-work, inlays, implants or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
- A61C13/08—Artificial teeth; Making same
- A61C13/083—Porcelain or ceramic teeth
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Dental Preparations (AREA)
- Ink Jet Recording Methods And Recording Media Thereof (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Description
. > : = 2605/0255,
WOM 5963 PCT
Me=thod for Producing Fully Ceramic Tooth Elements Havi ng a
Pre-determined Spatial Form by Means of Electrophoresis
From DE 1 98 52 740 A1 is known a method for the manufacture of fully ceramic bridge frameworks. According to this method, initially two copings, ma de for example fr«om an alumina slip, are connected to a bridge pontic made of the same material. T he green body thus fabricated is then sintered and glass-infiltrated. Not only do the manufacture and fitting of the bridge pontic require great dexterity, but also the m echanical connection at the sites of contact between the co pings and the pontic may not be satisfactory due to structural problems.
Moreover, from DE 100 21 437 Alis known an electrophoretic metho d for the manufactusre of fully ceramic copings made of alumina, whereby the die of a working m odel is coated with a foil or separating agent, which is liquid at temperatu res in excess of 45°C and has a lipstick-like consistency at room temperatu re, a slip is applied to this coating and, after separation fronn the working model, thes slip is dried and baked to form the framework, which is subsequently glass-infilt rated. The coating is applied by using an electrically conductive coating which is immersed in a vessel containing slip and by applying a direct voltage between tthe vessel and the electrically conductive coating to effect thie application of the solid of the slip to the die of the working model.
As is com mon in ceramic science, the term, “slip”, shall denote a slurry of a ceramic material in an aqueous liquid, although, according to WO 99/50480, there is a biased opinion regarding the use of water as a suspension agent in the manufacture of ceramic copings.
’4 A )
A need exists to refirae the electrophoretic procedure of dental technology such that the deposited sli p material has a desired spatial shape that requires no or little reworking as deffined in Claim 1. In this context it has become evident that the method according to the invention is suitable not only for the manufacture of frameworks but also for the deposition of veneering material in a desired spatial shape.
This need is fulfilled by the features of Claim 1, which is to be regarded as an integral part of this specific description.
Advantageous embodiments are described in the dependent claims.
In the following, the irsvention is illustrated in detail by means of Figures 1 to 12:
In the figures:
Figure 1 shows tvvo tooth stumps in a reception part of the coating machine;
Figure 2 shows a top view onto Fig. 1;
Figure 3 shows thee tooth stumps of Fig. 1 after coating;
Figure 4 shows a second embodiment of the electrically conductive chip;
Figure 5 shows th e manufacture of a bridge framework for two tooth stumps;
Figure 6 shows a section along 0-0 in Fig. 1;
Figure 7 shows a section along O’-O’ in Fig. 1;
Figure 8 shows thes manufacture of a bridge in the frontal part of the lower jaw,
Figure 9 shows a section through a premolar tooth:
Figure 10 top view onto the premolar tooth according to Fig. 9;
Figure 11 shows the manufacture of a front tooth; and
Figure 12 shows a section along A-A in Figure 11.
The invention shall be il lustrated in more detail in the following.
Figure 1 shows a reception part 1, usually made from aluminum, for an electrophoretic coating rnachine. For the purpose of clarification, all figures are
AMENDED SHEET shown rotated by 180°. Inside the machine, the plaster dies 2 and 3 are arranged suspended by being fixed in the reception part 1, for example by means of an embedding mass, whereby an interve ning jaw part 4 filling the space of the lost tooth is provided also.
The reference number 5 denotes an electrically conductive chip with a T-shaped cross-section. The chip 5 can be made from a large variety of materials. It is essential for chip 5 to be electrically conductive, though. Suitable materials for the chip shall be mentioned below.
The foot part of the chip is connected to the positive pole of the electrophoresis apparatus.
Figure 2 shows a top view onto Figure: 1. It is evident from this figure that the roof part of the chip comprises an enlargerment 6.
In the machine, a common slip is prod uced to have a mixing ratio of 30 g alumina powder (manufacturer: Vita), and 5 ml of water and one drop of additive (manufacturer: Vita). The arrangement according to Figure 1 comprising a chip 5 made of nylon paper is then immersed in this slip after the dies 2, 3 and the chip 5 were made electrically conductive withh concentrated saline solution. The application of a voltage of approx. 36 \Jolt produces an electrical current of 20-40 mA which generates a bridge framework 7, such as is shown in Figure 3. This framework is then sintered and glass-infiltrated in a conventional fashion. The lead cable is insulated from its site contacting the chip to ensure that the cable is not coated in the process.
During the sintering, the chip 5 burns off completely, but leaves behind a corresponding hollow space, which, after being filled with slip, is then re-sintered in a second sintering process. This hollow space can also be filled by glass during glass infiltratior.
A number of options are available if it is desired to prevent the formation of a hollow space ass described above. For example, the chip 5 can be rmade from alumina fibers or wisker. In embodiments of this type, the chip material is simply sintered into thes bridge pontic. Another option is provided by a diffesrent geometry, as is shown in Figure 4, in which the chip 8 is placed more or less on top of the dies 2,3. The outside of the chip 8 is insulated such as to prevent the formation of a deposit in this area. The entire lead cable is insulated for the sarmae reason.
As another opti on, the chip can be fabricated from a material comp rising a metal foil between tweo layers of a fibrous material (e.g. paper). Though, ir principle, the use of just a metal foil is also feasible, it has become evident that the strong electrical current leads to the formation of bubbles in this case, which may lead to defects in the material.
It is also evidernt from the explanations above that the local flow of material and thus the three-cdimensional shape of the bridge framework can be imfluenced strongly by the geometrical shape of the chip. In general, the deposition of material depends on thes amplitude of the local electrical current.
Figure 5 shows the manufacture of a bridge framework as has beer described earlier. A chip 30 is arranged between two dies of a working model. As is evident from Figure 6, t he chip 30 comprises an area 60, which is less conductive in contrast to area 50. This is achieved by the chip having a structure as shown in the exploded view of Figure 7. Herein, the chip 30 comprises a metallic sub-layer 70 made of alurninum 0.05 mm thick, onto which a layer 80 made of nylon paper is applied. Moreower, a layer 90, also made of aluminum foil, is applie d onto this nylon paper and provides the electrically more conductive area 50 according to the shape shown in Figure 6. The sub-layer 70 made of aluminum is connected to the positive pole of the electrophoresis apparatus by means of a lead 100. Initially, the dies 10,20 made of plaster and the chip 30 are made electrically conductive by imm ersing them in a salt solution. When the bridge material 40 is then applied by means of electrophoresis in a known fashion, the stronger elect rical current in the area of the metal foil, i.e. in area 50 and underneath foil 70, effescts increased deposition of the material such that after switching-off the electrical current the bridge framework is already provided in the desired shape. In particular, it is possible with this procedure to generate the humps 11 shown in Figure 7. The veneering material can subsequently be applied to this bridge framework directly after sintering and glass-infiltration.
It is self-evident that the chip comprising areas with different electrical conductivities can be manufactured by a great variety of means . It is possible, for example, to use only one metal foil onto which more or less con ductive areas have beer applied. Alternatively, as in the example shown above, thes base layer can consist for example of nylon paper or a similar, preferably non-textile, layer onto which a metallic structure is applied, for example by screen printing. Since the tech nology known from semi-conductor board manufacturing can be applied to this purpose, itis not difficult to fabricate even very complicated sha pes.
Figu re 8 shows the manufacture of a multiple-membered bridge framework in the lowe=r jaw. An electrically conductive area 13 is applied to the chaip 12, which is adapted to the shape of the pontic intended to replace three tee th. A layer of material 14 is then deposited by means of electrophoresis and already possesses the desired spatial shape.
Figure 9 shows the manufacture of a premolar tooth. A ready-m ade coping 16 to be veneered with veneering material 17 resides on the working die 15. A chip, whic h is not shown in any detail, is then placed on the coping 16 and comprises metallic areas 19, whose triangular shape is clearly evident from Figure 10. Du ring the deposition of venee-ring material from a slip, four humps 18, typical of a premolar tooth, are forrmed above the four metallic areas 19. Since the shrinkin g upon sintering is accoumted for in the application of the veneering material, the premolar tooth possesses the desired shape after sintering already such that no or little reworking is required.
Figures 11 and 12 shovv the manufacture of a front tooth. A ready-made coping 21 resides on a plaster die: 200, whereby the front side of the coping bears a chip, made of nylon paper for example. This chip comprises three metallic strips 22 with the strip in the middle b-eing somewhat wider than the others. In the course of t he electrophoresis, this causes the applied veneering material 23 to possess the desired thickness and curvature 24 on the front side in this step already such that only some fine-working is necessary to finish the tooth.
In the two embodimentss according to the invention shown in Figures 9 to 12, thee chip is either placed on a part of the framework (coping 16 in Figure 9 or coping 21 in Figure 11). However, it is also feasible to arrange the chip at a distance from the coping. For this purpose, it is adapted to the outer contour of the veneering material prior to the application of the veneering material such that only the space in between the coping and the chip is filled during the electrophoresis such that it then corresponds exactly to the desired spatial shape of the veneer. In this case, the chip is electrically conductive only on the side facing the coping, but insulat ed on the outside, and thus has a shape function in addition to its electrical current supply function.
It is self-evident that this principle can also be implemented in the manufacture of frameworks.
For obvious reasons, thee chips cannot be removed after the application of the material but rather remain in place during the sintering except where the chip iss attached as a form on the outside. However, the experiments conducted thus far have shown that it is not disadvantageous for the coping to remain in place. In as far as aluminum is used, the substance is simply oxidised to alumina during the sintering process and does not interfere with the procedure. Organic material, e.g. nylon, combusts leaving virtually no residue. The hollow space occupied by the chip is filled-in completely during the glass-infiltration and, in addition, provides the advantage that it serves as a gas escape channel prior to being filled out. Thus, no reduction of mechanical strength is detectable in the finished state of the material.
Therefore, the present invention provides another step towards the cost-efficient supply of high-quality fully ceramic dental restorations to patients. "Comprises/comprising" when used in this specification is taken to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps or components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps or components or groups thereof.
AMENDED SHEET
Claims (16)
1. Method for producing fully ceramic tooth elements having a pre- determined spatial form by means of electrophoresis, wherein an electrically conductive chip or chip which has been rendered electrically conductive is arranged directly on a working model or on a part of the framework, whereby the chip can comprise regions of different electrical conductivity.
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the chip is connected to the positive pole during the electrophor esis.
3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the framework material is being deposited.
4. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the veneering material is being deposited.
5. Method according to any ore of the Claims 1 to 4, wherein the chip is a synthetic paper made electrically conductive by means of a salt solution.
6. Method according to any ore of the Claims 1 to 5, wherein the areas of lower electrical resistance are generated by means of aluminum foil.
7. Method according to Claim 3, wherein an alumina or Zirconia slip is used.
8. Method according to Claim %, wherein nylon is used as the chip material.
9. Method according to Claim -1 to 3, wherein the chip comprises alumina fibers. AMENDED SHEET
«
10. Method according to claim 9, wherein the chip comprises wiskers.
11. Method according to Claim 1 to 10, wherein an electrically conductive foil,
€.g. made of aluminum, is arranged between two fibrous layers of the chip.
12. Method according to any one of the Claims 1 to 11, wherein the chip is made electrically conductive by means of saline solution.
13. Method according to any one of the Claims 1 to 12, wherein the chip has a T-shaped cross-section.
14. Method according to any one of the Claims 1 to 10, wherein the chip is wider in the middle in the area of the dies.
15. Method according to the invention for producing fully ceramic tooth elements, substantially as hereinbefore described or exemplified.
16. Method for producing fully ceramic tooth elements including any new and inventive integer or combination of integers, substantially as herein described. AMENDED SHEET
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2002151369 DE10251369A1 (en) | 2002-11-05 | 2002-11-05 | Electrophoretic production of shaped-ceramic, artificial tooth components for dental application, employs anode plate of varied conductivity on working model or frame section |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ZA200503533B true ZA200503533B (en) | 2006-08-30 |
Family
ID=32239942
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200503533A ZA200503533B (en) | 2002-11-05 | 2005-05-04 | Method for producing fully ceramic tooth elements having a pre-determined spatial form by means of electrophoresis |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1708262A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE10251369A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200503533B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10334437B4 (en) * | 2002-12-13 | 2009-12-31 | Stefan Wolz | Process for producing all-ceramic tooth parts with a predetermined spatial form by means of electrophoresis |
| DE102004041725B3 (en) * | 2004-08-28 | 2005-12-08 | C. Hafner Gmbh & Co. Gold- Und Silberscheideanstalt | Green body producing device for dental application, has set of electrodes applicable in respective recesses, and another set of electrodes through which direct separation of particles of suspension takes place |
| DE102004054875A1 (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2006-05-18 | Heraeus Kulzer Gmbh | Packaging and method for homogenizing dental material |
| DE102005033140B3 (en) | 2005-07-15 | 2007-02-15 | BEGO Bremer Goldschlägerei Wilh. Herbst GmbH & Co. KG | Apparatus and method for producing ceramic green bodies |
| DE102006010808B4 (en) * | 2006-03-07 | 2009-08-13 | BEGO Bremer Goldschlägerei Wilh. Herbst GmbH & Co. KG | Apparatus, system, method, computer program and data carrier for electrophoretic deposition with a movable electrode |
| JP6090589B2 (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2017-03-08 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | Rare earth permanent magnet manufacturing method |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4011865C2 (en) * | 1990-04-12 | 1993-10-07 | Hahn Rainer Dr | Galvano bridge |
| US6059949A (en) * | 1997-04-23 | 2000-05-09 | Cerel (Ceramic Technologies) Ltd. | Method of electrophoretic deposition of ceramic bodies for use in manufacturing dental appliances |
-
2002
- 2002-11-05 DE DE2002151369 patent/DE10251369A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-10-31 CN CN 200380102567 patent/CN1708262A/en active Pending
-
2005
- 2005-05-04 ZA ZA200503533A patent/ZA200503533B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10251369A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 |
| CN1708262A (en) | 2005-12-14 |
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