ZA200307781B - Reversible life raft comprising removable shelters. - Google Patents

Description

1 ..2003/7781

Technical Field of the Invention

Rescue and safety device permitting the reversibility of a survival raft, shelter(s) - tent(s), which is to improve survival conditions on a raft, to improve the rescue and safety quality and to create shelters - tents fixed to the raft as well as on shore.

Background Art

According to the technical background, the object of the document PCT/CH99/00619 is to provide a wider impact surface on the sea wherein an ordinary boat operates and permits someone stuck beneath the device, when it expands, to move onto the device and to stay there by means of unlockable, spreadable and lockable openings permitting shipwrecked persons to grasp the netting in order to rejoin one of the openings. It also allows, if required, the device to be caught by hand and feet through handles and to use safety belts. However, survivors are neither protected from the weather influences in cold sea, waves that can pass through the netting, nor the sunlight, and if the raft is opened inside out, shipwrecked persons do not have handles and safety belts.

Also according to the technical background, the document DE 3210 590 A1, 23.03.82 discloses a device for use in open water, which is a multiple place buoy without netting, the tarpaulins of which cover a certain number of openings, and do not form a floor on all the surface.

Shelters are provided, but they are located on certain units, they are fixed and they can't communicate to each other and they form multiple spaces.

Children can slide in the openings, survivors can meet splashes, water can stagnate in the tarpaulins and form pockets there, and when survivors are below the shelter, it is going to create an unbalance and the multiple buoy will be returned, this situation can get worse at the time of coupling units in a rough sea, because nothing guarantees that shelters are arranged head - to - tail in such way to balance loads. On the contrary, in the panic condition, unfortunately, it is impossible to perform such operation, many persons must be also exposed to weather influences.

Rescue boats, which are available now in the market, are used only on a small surface, with a very limited number of persons on boards, aircraft glide paths, toboggans and require a skillful folding with a link system in the form of any press - studs so that they are opened in the common direction.

Summary of the Invention

Therefore, the object of the invention is to provide a rescue and safety device that is able to overcome these drawbacks.

The advantages of the invention reside in the fact that the rescue raft is made totally reversible by the use of male receiving fasteners distributed on both sides of the raft for forming removable floors, shelters which can be engaged by interconnecting several spaces or a single space at the selected location on the device without the requirement of the proper opening of the raft.

This flexibility is realized by the following features: « fasteners distributed on both sides of the boat, e removable bags containing shelter and floor, e removable handles and safety belts, e removable weight element.

By the selection of e structures in the form of an H, with triangles, e structures with three sides, those sides are provided with panels in the form of bellows, e structures in the form of a spider provided with panels in the form of bellows.

The invention will be better understood by reading the description of the embodiments given as non - restrictive examples with regards to the underlying figures.

Brief description of figures

Fig.1 shows the grille 1, filled with a netting 2, unlockable, spreadable, and lockable openings 3, handles 4, and safety belts 5. On the side of a mesh 6, it is possible to distinguish a some what elongate open bag 11, which is a membrane folded on itself which forms a raft 8 and an unfolded membrane used as a floor 7 covering four meshes in which there are slits/button holes defined to expose handles 4, the floor membrane fastened to the grille by means of press - studs 9 indicated by points in the drawing. It is also possible to observe that the raft 8 with inlet and outlet opening 38 is mounted and fastened to the grille by press - studs 9 and a section of floor 7, fixed by press - studs 9, extending on the mesh. On parts of floors 7, safety belts 5 are undone, they are detached so that they can return onto floors 7 and they can be used.

Fig.2a shows an apertured tissue strip 27 provided with an accordion 41 in the form of a : bellow with a lead 30 in the center of the strip 27, a snap hook 39 and rings 40 at its ends which attach the strip 27 to the rod 52.

Fig.2b shows the weight element 53, the apertured tissue strip 27 with lead 30 in its center, the strip is attached, by means of the snap hook 39, to rings 40 also forming the weigh element 53.

It is possible to observe two series of rings distributed in two lines on the rod 52 permitting the placement of the weight element below the raft every time.

Fig.3a shows a structure 12 in the form of an H, unfolded with its four triangular panels 13.

Fig.3b shows the structure 12 in the form of an H, in haft folded position.

Fig.4 shows shelters 8, whose two structures 12 in the form of an H are in place, the second structure and two triangular panels 13, one of each side is folded back towards the left, the second parallelepiped of the second structure forming an inner wall, which can not be viewed here and the base of the shelter 8 being fixed to the grille 1 by means of press - studs indicated here by points 9. It is possible to observe here handles 4 and a bag 11 and an inlet/outlet opening 38 provided with zippers indicated by the dash lines 16 on the drawing, as it occurs for the inner wall, with a fastener 31 allowing for disengaging two panels from the wall on sides, the base of the shelter is joined, in this example, to the grille by means of press - studs 9, indicated by points.

Fig.5 shows a shelter 8 comprising four structures 12 in the form of an H, the fourth structure and two triangles 13, one of each side, are folded back towards the left, forming three inner walls that can be opened and disengaged by zippers 16, the walls can not be viewed here.

Those structures are joined together to form a tunnel and the base on its periphery is fixed, in this example, to the grille by closing means such as Velcro 10, the location of which is indicated by small points 10. At the end of the tunnel, an inlet/outlet opening 38 is distinguished, which is provided with zippers 16 indicated by dash lines, which permit opening inner walls of the shelter or disengaging the entry upward by the means of an adjustable fastener 42, four structures that occupy four meshes, are provided with safety belts 5.

Fig.6 shows a shelter 8 comprising six structures 12 in the form of an H, two structures at the end of the shelter as well as its two triangles on the sides 13 are folded back from inside towards the left forming three inner walls that can be opened and disengaged by zippers, those walls can not be viewed here, structures are positioned in a rectangular orientation, roofs are joined by fixing triangles one under the other at roofs level, the base of the shelters is fixed by means of zippers 16. Handles 4 and safety belts 5 are provided on the device, it is possible to view the inlet/outlet opening 38 provided with zippers 16 for opening inner walls or disengaging the entry, windows 56, six structures occupying six meshes.

Fig.7 shows a structure with three sides 37, the fourth is removed from the structure at its top to create an opening with a zipper 16. On the two lateral sides 18, it is possible to distinguish two bellows 17 provided with fasteners 31 permitting the structure to expand in order to connect to the adjacent structure and form a shelter chain, the two vertical lateral panels 18 provided with zippers 16 permitting, when they are opened, panels 18 to be lifted onto these sides and fixed on the shelter from all sides for forming also shelters connected to each other and extending on the surface desired. It is possible to view handles 4 and unlockable, spreadable and lockable openings 3, it can be observed that safety belts 5 inside the shelter are opened, they were put again on the floor 7 which was stretched and fixed by means of zippers 16, while the other safety belts 5 on the grille are locked, the base of the shelter is fixed to the grille by cords 14 and studs 15 and to upright posts 22 by the Velcro 10. By the transparency it is possible to view the opened bag 11 and the other bag is provided as an example on the device.

Fig.8 shows a structure in the form of a spider 19 inflated here by means of a muscle- powered pump 20, the pipe 21 of which is extended into the water, and fixed on an upright post by nosepiece 24, the two upright posts 22 are fixed to the grille by the Velcro 10 indicated by small points in the drawing. On lateral panels 18 there are bellows, in the form of an accordion 17 provided with fasteners 31 to expand the shelter in order to fix two upright posts 22 to the next shelter, one of the sides includes an inlet/outlet opening 38 with a zipper 16, the lateral panels 18 also provided with a zipper 16 as well as the base periphery of the shelter, which is joined to the grille by the same means, these zippers are indicated by dotted lines. Safety belts 5 are opened within the shelters, ready to be used and they are locked, on the rest of the grille 1, an open bag 11 is provided within the shelter, the other bag on the edge of a mesh and the floor 7 stretched and fixed by a zipper 16 to the grille, cords 14 are provided on rear sides of bags, on the edge of upright posts, sheiters, floors (floors are not viewed here).

Fig.9a shows a sewn tissue strip 23 extended by a seal bead 26.

Fig.9b shows a sewn tissue strip 23 with a fixed seal bead 26 in its surroundings.

Fig.9c shows the bag 11 with a tube having a slit 32 and a seal bead 26, threaded to the slit 32 of the tube.

Fig.10a shows a bag 11, on the edge of which fixed sections of the tube 28 are provided, and at the end of which two fasteners 31 are provided.

Fig.10b shows a rod near the bag 11, at one end of which a handle is provided and at the other end an eye 29 is provided.

Fig.10c shows a mesh 6 with the netting 2, an unlockable, spreadable and lockable opening 3, handles 4, tube sections 28, which can be flexible or rigid, fixed on the grille for receiving tube sections 28 fixed to the bag 11, see Fig.10a, adapted to positively engage those fixed to the grille and they will be fixed to each other by the rod 29 in Fig.10b and the whole will be attached by two fasteners 31 fixed to an end of the bag in Fig.10a.

Fig.11a shows a male part fixing mode for bags, handles, a tab 33 provided with a push - button 34.

Fig.11b shows a female receiving piece in the form of semicircle fixed on a support 35 and provided with an orifice 36.

Fig.11c shows the tab 33 engaged in the receiving orifice 35, the push - button 34 being withdrawn from the orifice 36.

Fig.12a shows another male fixing mode for bags, handles, a tab 43 folded on itself with a section to be pressed from above, this tab is provided with two lugs 44.

Fig.12b shows the female half - cone receiving part 45 provided with two orifices 36 into which lugs 44 are engaged for fixing.

Fig.13 shows a fast locking/opening example with a male part extended by two flexible levers 46, on an axis 57 that can be grasped, with a protruding part 51 adapted to positively engage in orifices, indicated here by hatches 47 of the female part 48, when the pressure is released. The male part 54 is joined to the female part by a link 55, which prevents the male part from falling into the water. The female is joined to the netting by a strap 49.

Detailed description of the Invention

In a non - restrictive example of an embodiment, the present devices are composed mainly of an inflatable grille 1, Fig.1, which is expanded by means usually used in the inflatable field, whose meshes 6 are fitted with netting 2 which is provided with unlockable, spreadable and lockable opening 3, handles 4 and safety belts 5, which are distributed on the grille 1.

In the first step, during shipwrecking and inundation, persons stuck beneath the device, which is expanded, unlock openings 3 and move onto the device, lock these opening, Fig.1.

In the second step, shipwrecked person(s) stabilizes the raft by adjusting the weight element to the desired position, Fig.12a and Fig.12b. If the raft is turned around, safety belts 5 that were attached when the raft is expanded, can be viewed through the netting. Shipwrecked persons disengage handles 4 and safety belts 5 simultaneously and move firstly onto the device, by meshes of netting 2 if they are wide enough, or by openings 3 which will be opened, or along the fastening of the netting. Shipwrecked persons fix handles 4 at the new location on the device, disengage an end of the bag, then the other, to pivot it about itself to expose it on the same path, fix it at a location on the device by means of the fastening receiving part 35 or 45, Fig.11b, 12b, expand the membranes adapted to form a floor 7, Fig.1, and fix those membranes by means provided for this purpose, such as a Velcro 10, in order to put themselves on a much or less dry place.

In the third step, shipwrecked person(s) organizes the mounting of a shelter 8 or individual or multiple shelters. A shipwrecked person folds the membrane which is used for the floor 7, captures the structure in the form of spider 19 in this example, Fig.8, connects muscle pump 20 at it nose piece 24 in the structure, dives the pipe 21 in the water, he can slide it between the floor and the side of the mesh of the grille, he pumps ... until the structures become rigid, he fixes these two upright posts 22 on the edge of the mesh by the Velcro 10 fixed on the grille, then he climbs, expands the next structure, then disengages bellows 17 held by fasteners 31, releases these two removable upright posts 22 of the first structure to fix them with the Velcro 10 provided on the top part of the second structure, bellows 17 are opened to create the necessary length. Another shipwrecked person mounted the next shelter, they decide to have more space, lateral panels 18 are raised and fixed one above the other under the roof of the adjacent shelter by the Velcro 10, they fix the base of the shelter with zippers 16 provided on the device. They are in weather proof condition and can hold handles 4 and reach to safety belts 5. If water enters, they can empty by lifting up a corner of the floor 7.

In the hypothesis that they must make landfall, and come to camp on the land, they take away one or several bags 11 and they could establish their camp inside the land territory by means of fasteners, cords 14 distributed on a side of the bag and on the periphery of shelter 8 and the floor 7, Fig.8.

This type of tent which puts in an extended bag is suitable for use with or without rescue boat, in this case, it is not useful to provide ends of the bag with male fasteners, but with cords for fixing posts there, the base of floors, shelters can be fixed sealingly together.

With regard to fastening of panels and floors to rods, fasteners, cords or button holes, pressure straps, straps with knobs, Velcro, snap hooks, sealed zippers, eyes with fasteners can be used, but those are not limited.

Membranes, floor and shelter are fixed to bag in any possible way, they are bonded, heat- sealed, sewn, then rolled, folded on themselves, held by pressure straps, straps with fasteners,

Velcro, snap hooks, zippers, cords and knobs, but those are not limited.

The envelope of bags is provided with handle(s), strap(s), Velcro permitting to grasp them better.

Two membranes are interconnected in a bag, they are fixed one after the other, the membrane of the floor is the front and the membrane of the shelter is the rear. Bags are removably fixed on the grille by means of male receiving fasteners 33 and 43 which are distributed on the front side, and also on the back side of the device. The female fasteners 35 and 45 are fixed on ends of bags and come to fit with male fasteners. The male fasteners are distributed on the greater part of or the whole grille for putting on the grille a certain number of bags 11 containing two membranes, floor 7, shelter 8, which make the device lighter because there are not bags all over and there is the choice to set up its tent(s) at location(s) where is desired. It is the same for handles 4, they are made to be removable by the same kind of male/female fasteners.

Those removable fasteners for bags containing membranes of floors and shelters, are female receiving pieces in the form of a half - cone 35 for example, with an orifice 36. They are fixed on rods. In receiving pieces, a pull tab, spring tab system with a push - button 34 comes to fit into, for example. This button is engaged into the orifice and fixes the bag to the grille, Fig.11a, 11b, 11c. A variant of an embodiment is a tab folded on itself forming spring 43, with a space for locating the bag, this tab is provided with two lugs 44 which come to engage into two orifices 36 provided for this purpose on female receiving piece fixed on the rod, Fig.12a, 12b. Male fasteners are mounted to ends of the bag or for example to ends of a flexible plate strip fixed under the bag, in a variant it can be adjustable in length to accommodate a dimension of the bag, this strip will be threaded in a hem with two opened ends, but this is not limited.

The same type of receiving piece is made for removably fastening handles, two receiving fasteners being bonded, heat-sealed on a plate or mould, the plate with fasteners then being bonded, heat-sealed to rod. By withdrawing the handle and pressing the button 34 or tab 43, the handle 4 is disengaged from one side then from the other.

This type of fasteners can be adapted for fixing stops, upright posts 22 to the grille. It is also possible to use clips of safety belts, zippers. These examples are not limited.

All the fasteners of bags, handles, stops, upright posts of shelters, fasteners of floors will be disposed on two sides of the grille.

Variant: bags can be made to be removable by a fastener composed of a tube provided with a slit 32 fixed along the edge of the bag as receiving piece and of a female seal bead 26 fixed on a tissue piece 23 joined to the grille. The seal bead 26 is slid by means of a slit inside the tube.

The seal bead can be in an extension of the tissue or at right angles, fixed within surroundings of tissue, Fig. 9a, 9b, 9c.

Variant: bags can be made to be removable by a fastener on the bag 11 with flexible, rigid or elastic tube sections 28, Fig. 10a, in series along the mesh, Fig. 10c, sections of bag and those of the mesh being joined by threading a rod provided with an eye 29, Fig. 10b, with a fastener 31 to fix the whole, Fig. 10a.

Safety belts can be made to be removable by snap hooks fixed to each of its edge, this allows them to be placed end - to - end and thus creates chains, but this is not limited.

To make a raft reversible, the place of bags and handles on the reverse side of the raft must be indicated someway, this is to save the time for finding and disengaging bags.

The weight element is formed by apertured tissue strips 27 forming sections, within surroundings of each strip, the lead 30, for stabilizing the weight element, and at each end of each strip provided with pleated part in the form of an accordion 41 and means such as rings 40 and snap - hooks 39 allowing the bottom of the strip to hang up/remove on the rod for forming the weight element and releasing it by fixing it to rings on rods 52 by means of snap - hooks. Rings 40 on the rod 52, are distributed on two lines above and under the raft to ensure that the weight element is always located under the raft or at the necessary position, Fig. 2a, 2b.

Membranes, which are doubled as well as structures, can be connected to one - way valves, if necessary, and inflated automatically or by an air/gas generator or manually with the muscle - powered pump, this is to create an isolation.

Tubular structures are semi-flexible and/or joined since they are folded to range, they can be formed by folds of membranes, be included in folds or connected to the structure. In folds, hems, it is possible to thread pipes, flexible rods, which can be telescopic, articulatable, bendable, provided with pivot devices to cause them to pivot or interlock, but this is not limited. Pipes and rods being flexible can be mounted directly just in their manufacture.

If structures are inflated by water, an anti-freeze, which is to be injected, need to be provided as a emergency material.

According to the choice of the user, some rafts are provided with a bag containing a telescopic bar mounted on pivot device, with a sail and oar members, oar member supports can be provided on rods, it is also possible to provide a location for fixing a motor.

The maximal loading and the number of persons will be indicated clearly on the grille.

The length of membranes, floors and/or shelters can be provided to cover one or several meshes, see all the surface of the device or a raft can be made only of two meshes, with a shelter covering a mesh and the floor covering two meshes, but this is not limited, the assembly technique allows the multiplication of spaces by coupling with adjacent spaces, or if preferred, shelters can be formed individually, they are distributed on the device on our desire.

When large meshes, supporting a certain loading, are created, several persons can hold side by side on two rows face to face in the same mesh, the two last persons at each end grasp handles. Persons who are face to face, with safety belts in addition, are supported feet against feet, when the sea is rough.

The structure in the form of an H applies to parallelepipeds. The structure on three sides 37, in the form of a square (or rectangular) shown in Fig. 7 also rests on an parallelepiped, membranes of its sides 18 are raised and composed of bellows, in addition, membranes in the form of an accordion 17 which allow panels 18 to withdraw onwards in order to have enough length to be fixed on top of the next shelter.

The structure in the form of a spider in Fig. 8 also is composed of panels 18, whose membrane is raised and a bellow accordion 17 allowing to hang up its upright posts 22 to the next space.

It is not obligatory to fix handles on the side on which bags are fixed. Between two shelters in the case of a space, clearances, the sealing will be ensured by fixing strips between upright posts and roofs, for example by Velcro. On some panels or roofs, transparent membranes forming windows 56 are provided, see Fig. 6.

According to the diameter of rods, floors will reach to flush with handles or to rearward to handles, in this case, it must provide also buttonholes/slits 25 to pass through handles 4, Fig. 1.

According to the use, rods. will be protected from friction by flexible reinforcing strips, used usually in the inflated field.

Unlockable, spreadable and lockable openings 3 are made to be unlockable and lockable from over side as well as from under side, for example by strips of Velcro with a handle on each strip. Nippers of type pincer, with a spring, long arms, wide and ergonomic that can be grasped, one of the arms of pincer being provided with a link connecting with the netting to avoid the pincer from falling into water, jaws of the pincer surrounding two edges of openings. By means of a pincer, it is possible to be grasped, of which arms, flexible levers 46 are mounted in one block to the axis 57, each provided with a protruding part 51, these protruding parts 51 of levers come to engage in a female receiving piece 48 which is provided with two orifices 47 to meet two protruding parts 51, this type of pincer can be laid flat, Fig.13.

According to standards and the effective technique for rescue boats, the grille will be constructed by compartments and/or with an inner wall forming an air chamber, these compartments are composed of one or several one - way valves as well as over - pressure valves.

Inflated systems are as usual. In the case that the builder selects a system with straps for drawing bottles and with several bottles. Straps are guided by wheels, pulleys, conduits or all other means allowing straps, small cords to slide. These elements are fixed to rods, straps, small cords are connected to a single handle, loop being viewed from outside of the container. Bottles are each slid in a protective pouch or fixed by straps or by any usual means. The grille extends into a container, or into a bag which is opened, for example by yielding the inflation pressure.

According to necessary standards for being certified in countries, the device must be equipped with all means which can ensure the inflation security of the raft and all emergency material usually used to the rescue, cords on rods, ladders, anchor, complete outfitting emergency and rescue kit, accessories, reflecting bands, oar member supports, etc.

A bag, fixed to the grille, with a membrane forming a floor, with or without shelter, is usable to recover a swimming pool and to ensure a sunlight protection.

Claims (9)

1. Rescue and safety device, permitting the reversibility of a survival raft, shelter (s) - tent (s), consists of an inflated grille, provided with handle and safety belts, whose meshes filled with netting, are provided with openings which can be unlocked, spreaded and locked, said device characterized

. in that the device is made to be totally reversible by fastening means distributed on two sides of the raft,

. in that it is composed of means allowing the weight element to fix, stabilize and to make it removable,

. in that it is composed of at least a bag (11) fixed removably to the grille (1), this bag comprises two membranes, said membranes expand into shelter (8), floor (7) extending on at least a mesh (6) of the grille (1), these membranes - shelters (8) form, by mean of a structure (12), (19), (37), a space which is reinforced by some means and whose sides (13), (18) are also created which have the possibility to expand and fix them to adjacent spaces, contained previously in other bags (11), and to fix also to the bottom of the grille (1), on rods, in order to establish common multiple cell spaces,

. in that said openings (3) in the netting (2) are openable from over side as well as from underside of the device, by some means,

. in that said bags (11), handles (4) are provided with fasteners being fixed with fasteners distributed on two sides of the raft, fasteners receiving the periphery of floors and shelters being also distributed on two sides of the raft,

. in that the bag (s) (11) as well as bases of shelters (8) and floors (7) are composed of ground engaging fasteners (14) with a peg pouch included in said bag, making the shelter (s) (8) with floor (7) independent.

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that said membrane forming shelter (8) expands into two parallelepipeds interconnected by a structure in the form of an H (12) with four panels (13) on its sides, said structure is folded following the movement of the center bar of the H which is rotated over half a turn on itself causing the whole of stops/upright posts to be in the form of a bundle with the membrane - shelter and the membrane - floor in front of the latter, being maintained inside a bag, said structure is reinforced when it is filled with water, gas/air or rods, pipes, on the sides of the H, panels of membranes in form of equilateral triangles (13) allow, when the structure is raised, to close sides of a refuge by fixing two said triangles one on the other, of each side, forming also an individual shelter and by fixing the periphery of the base of the shelter which is connected to the grille or to the ground.

3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that said membranes from at least two bags (11), expand into at least two structures in the form of an H (12) interconnected each time by a center bar of the H which forms a roof, said structures are reinforced when they are filled with water, gas/air or rods, pipes, on the sides of each H, the panels of the membrane in the form of equilateral triangles (13) forming sides allow, when the structure is raised, to close said sides of the refuge, those sides are fixed along one after the other triangle (13) and connecting two triangles (13) of the structure at its end one above the other in order to form a multiple shelter in the form of a tunnel, said parallelepipeds being laid inside form inner raised walls, so that it can be fixed to disengage the space, the periphery of the shelter is fixed to the grille or to the ground.

4. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that a shelter (8) which consists of six structures in the form of an H (12), which expand each time by a center bar of the H forming a roof, said structures are reinforced when they are filled with water, gas/air or rods, pipes, the panels of the membrane in the form of equilateral triangles (13) allow, when the structure is raised, to close sides of the refuge, these sides panels are fixed on the lateral panels along one after the other triangle (13), roofs of the refuge are fixed once over side, once under side of the triangles of square or adjacent rectangular elements in order to establish the whole of several shelters, the inner walls also create of means allowing them to be disengaged, raised, it is the same for the ends used for inlet/outlet openings (38), the base of the shelter is fixed to the grille (1) or to the ground.

5. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that these stops/upright posts (22) consist of folds, which can receive a fluid, rods, pipes.

6. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that said structures in the form of an H (12), form spiders as a pyramid (19), the structure with three sides (37) as well as these membranes - shelters (8), floors (7) are doubled, which are inflated by an automatic air/gas generator or by an air/gas muscle - powered pump (20).

7. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the surfaces of floors (7) are provided with button holes, slits (25), allowing the passage of handles (4).

8. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that said structures in the form of spiders (19) and said structures consisting of three sides (37) are provided with panels with accordions (17) for its extension to the adjacent space.

9. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that, a bag contains a telescopic mast with a sail and oars.