ZA200300919B - Metal material having good resistance to metal dusting. - Google Patents
Metal material having good resistance to metal dusting. Download PDFInfo
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- ZA200300919B ZA200300919B ZA200300919A ZA200300919A ZA200300919B ZA 200300919 B ZA200300919 B ZA 200300919B ZA 200300919 A ZA200300919 A ZA 200300919A ZA 200300919 A ZA200300919 A ZA 200300919A ZA 200300919 B ZA200300919 B ZA 200300919B
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- South Africa
- Prior art keywords
- metallic material
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- less
- metal dusting
- metal
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- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 title claims description 68
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 48
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 48
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 title claims description 41
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 21
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910003271 Ni-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009422 growth inhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010053759 Growth retardation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000001 growth retardation Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 methane Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005504 petroleum refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Description
METAL MATERIAL HAVING GOOD RESISTANCE TO METAL DUSTING
This invention relates to a metallic material, which is a high Cr-high Ni-Fe alloy, and a double- or multi-layer metallic material, and a metal tube or pipe made thereof, which each could be used as a container, a reforming tube, a part or the like, exposed to a high-temperature atmosphere in a heat exchanger type reforming unit for hydrocarbon or waste heat recovery system or the like, in a petroleum refinery or petrochemical plant, for instance.
BACKGROUND ARTS
Demand for gases capable of serving as clean energy fuels, for example hydrogen and methanol, is expected to grow very rapidly in the future. To meet such demand, larger-sized reforming units for hydrocarbon further improved in heat efficiency and still more suited for mass production are required. Even in reforming units for hydrocarbon in existing petroleum refining or petrochemical plants, in ammonia production plants, hydrogen production plants or other plants in which petroleum or the like is used as the raw material, the number of heat exchangers in use for waste heat recovery is increasing sco that the energy efficiency is continuing to increase.
For efficient utilization of the heat of such high-temperature gases, 1t 1s important to carry out heat exchange in a temperature range of 400-700C, which is lower than the range so far taken into consideration. Thus, corrosion caused by carburizing of high Cr-high Ni-Fe alloy metallic materials, used in reforming tubes, heat exchangers and the like in this temperature range is now a problem.
Usually, in such reactors as mentioned above, a reaction gas, namely a gas containing H,, CO, COz, H20 and hydrocarbons, such as methane, could be in contact with metallic materials, such as reforming tubes, at a temperature of about 1,000C ox above. In this temperature range, an element or elements which have a greater oxidation tendency than Fe, Ni and the like are oxidized selectively on the metallic material surface, and corrosion is prevented by the formation of compact oxide films, such as Cr oxide and/or Si oxide. In parts where the temperature is relatively low, such as in heat exchanging parts, however, the diffusion of elements from the inside to the surface of the metallic material becomes insufficient, so that the formation of oxide films, effective in preventing corrosion is delayed, with the result that C atoms are adsorbed on the metallic material surface from the gas and thus C penetrates into the metallic material and causes carburizing.
When the carburizing progresses in such an environment and a carburizing layer, containing carbides of Cr, Fe and/or the like is formed, the volume of that portion expands and develops a tendency to cause microcracks. Furthermore, when
C penetrates into a metallic material and the formation of carbides reaches a point of saturation, a metal powder,
resulting from decomposition of the carbides, peels off from the metallic material surface and corrosion/wear, called metal dusting, appears. Further, themetal dust, resulting from such peeling, acts as a catalyst and promotes the precipitation of carbon on the metallic material surface. As such wear and/or tube/pipe clogging by precipitation of carbon advances, trouble may occur in a unit or plant, possibly leading to a shutdown.
Therefore, due consideration must be given in selecting the material for constructing the unit.
Various measures have been attempted to prevent metal dusting, up to this time. In Japanese laid-open patent application (JP Kokai) H09-78204, for instance, there is disclosed of an invention relating to a Fe-based alloy containing not less than 24% (by weight; hereinafter the same shall apply unless otherwise specified) of Cr and not less than 35% of Ni, a Ni-based alloy containing not less than 20% of Cr and not less than 60% of Ni, and a material derived from such a Fe-based alloy or Ni-based alloy by further addition of Nb, since Fe-based or Ni-based alloys containing 11-60% of Cr are excellent in metal dusting resistance in atmospheric gases containing H,, CO, CO, and H,0 at 400-700C. Generally, however, mere increases in Cr and/or Ni content in Fe-based or Ni-based alloys will not bring about any satisfactory carburizing- inhibiting effect. Therefore, it is necessary to take other measure to still further prevent metal dusting.
The method or technology disclosed in JP Kokail R11-172473 consists in preventing corrosion, for “high-temperature alloys” containing iron, nickel and chromium, resulting from metal dusting, by causing one or more metals of the groups Vi,
IB, IV and V of the periodic table of the elements or a mixture thereof, to adhere to the surface by conventional physical or chemical means and annealing the same in an inert atmosphere, for the formation of a thin layer which has a thickness of 0.01 to 10 um. Thin layers made of Sn, Pb, Bi and the like are allegedly highly effective, among others. This method 1is initially effective but, when the thin layer is peeled off after a long period of use, the effect is lost.
Further, a method comprising adding H;S to the atmospheric gas 1s also conceivable. However, since H;S may possibly markedly decrease the activity of the catalyst used for hydrocarbon reforming, the application of such method is restricted. As discussed above, in spite of various investigations, a metallic material capable of satisfactorily inhibiting metal dusting is not available at this time.
In view of the foregoing, it is an object of the present invention to provide a metallic material, which is a high
Cr-high Ni-Fe alloy, and a double- or multi-layer metallic material, and a metal tube or pipe made thereof, each of which shows good corrosion resistance in an environment in which metal dusting readily occurs, for example in a gaseous atmosphere containing H,, CO, CO, H,O and hydrocarbons, among others.
The gist of the present invention is summarized below:
(I) A metallic material having metal dusting resistance which comprises, in mass %, C: not more than 0.2%,
Si: 0.01-4%, Mn: 0.05-2%, P: not more than 0.04%, S: not more than 0.015%, Cr: 10-35%, Ni: 30-78%, Al: not less than 0.005% but less than 4.5%, N: 0.005-0.2%, and one or both of Cu: 0.015-3% and Co: 0.015-3%, with the balance substantially being Fe, and of which the fnl value defined by the formula (1) given below is not less than 50: fnl = 408i + Ni + 5A1 + 40N + 10(Cu + Co) ... (1), wherein, in the above formula (1), the symbols of the elements represent the contents, in mass %, of the elements in the metallic material. (II) The metallic material having metal dusting resistance as described above under (I), which is intended for use in an atmosphere at 1,000C or below, in which the total content of hydrocarbons, CO and H; is not less than 25% by volume and the total content of hydrocarbons and CO is not less than 1% by volume. (III) A double- or multi-layer metallic material comprising one layer or a plurality of layers made of the metallicmaterial, havingmetal dusting resistance as described above under (I), with at least one of the outermost layers being a layer of the above-mentioned metallic material, having metal dusting resistance. (IV) A metal tube or pipe of which the material is the metallic material having metal dusting resistance as described above under (I).
(V) A double- ormulti-layer metal tube or pipe of which the material is the double- or multi-layer metallic material, as described above under (III), with the outer surface being a layer of the metallic material having metal dusting resistance.
In order to increase the metal dusting resistance of the metallicmaterial, havingmetal dusting resistance as described above under (I), it is possible to cause at least one of the group (a) components specified below to be included in lieu of part of Fe of that metallic material. (a) Mo: 0.05-10%, Ta: 0.05-5%, W: 0.05-5%, Ti: 0.01-3%,
Vv: 0.01-1%, Zr: 0.01-3%, Nb: 0.01-3% and Hf: 0.01-1%.
In cases where at least one of the above group (a) components are contained in the metallic material, improved metal dusting resistance can be secured when the value of fn2, defined below by the formula (2), where the symbols of the elements represent the contents, in mass %, of the elements in the metallic material, is not less than 0.003. fn2 = (Mo/192) + (Ta/181) + (W/368) + (Ti/48) + (V/51) + (2r/92) + (Nb/93) + (Hf/179) ... (2).
Furthermore, when the Fe content in the metallic material is over 0% but not more than 10%, still better metal dusting resistance can be secured.
For preventing cracking during hot working and providing the metallic material with good hot workability, it is recommended that at least one of the following (b) group components be included in lieu of part of Fe of the metallic material. (b) B: 0.0005-0.02%, Ca: 0.0005-0.02% and Mg: 0.0005-0.02%.
When at least one of the following (c) group components is contained in the metallic material in lieu of part of Fe, good corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance at high temperatures can be secured. (c) La: 0.005-0.3%, Ce: 0.005-0.3%, Nd: 0.005-0.3% and
Y: 0.005-0.3%.
The present inventors made various investigations in search of metallic materials having good resistance to the corrosion phenomenon called metal dusting which occurs at relatively low temperatures.
The occurrence of metal dusting is conditioned by the protective ability of an oxide film formed on the surface and the formation of a carburizing layer formed under that oxide film. Thus, it is presumable that when a crack is formed in the oxide film or the oxide film is peeled off, C penetrates into the metal and forms a carburizing layer and the volume change and the carbide formation/decomposition cause metal dusting. Therefore, investigations were made concerning metallic material compositions suited for increasing the protective ability of oxide films and inhibiting the carburizing layer growth.
In order to increase the protective ability of oxide filns,
it is most effective to increase the Cr content and, furthermore, it is advisable that an element or elements, such as Si and Al, having high affinity for oxygen, be contained in the metallic material. This is the same as the general technique for increasing the resistance to oxidation.
The penetration of C into metallic materials can be prevented, to a considerable extent, by the above measure.
However, it is impossible to realize complete prevention of the penetration of C or, in other words, complete prevention of the cracking or peeling of oxide films over a long period of time.
Therefore, in order to increase the metal dusting resistance, it is essential to not only interrupt the penetration of C by means of oxide films, but also inhibit the carburizing layer growth,
Therefore, effects of various additional elements to a base alloy, comprising 25% of Cr and about 60% of Ni with the balance mainly being Fe, which is a fundamental material for high-temperature use, on the carburizing layer growth were examined. As a result, it was revealed that an element supposedly having little affinity for carbon, such as Si, Al or Ni, on one hand, and an element capable of forming a stable carbide in a metallic material, such as Ti, Nb, V or Mo, on the other, has an effect to suppress the rate of carburizing layer growth.
Such a reaction as
C + CO, = 2CO ... (3) proceeds from the right side (2C0) to the left side (C + COy)
on the metal surface, under a certain atmosphere. The C thus formed is adsorbed on the metallic material surface and penetrates into the metallic material, whereby a carburizing layer is formed.
When a carbide-forming element exists, it is supposed that the invading C is bound to such element to prevent the diffusion of C and prevent the carburizing layer growth.
However, the reason why Si, Al, Ni and the like can prevent the carburizing layer growth is not so clear.
Further studies revealed that there are some elements, which are not carbide-forming elements, capable of preventing the carburizing layer growth. Therefore, for these elements, their interaction with C was studied from the viewpoint of a solute element in Fe and it was found that those elements all showed a positive value in the interaction coefficient Q.
When the Q is positive, the element in question is effective in increasing the activity of the solute element C.
Thus, it is considered that the increased activity of C in a metallic material results in a decrease in the amount of the solute C and thus in a decrease in the flux to the inside, hence in growth retardation.
Those elements which show a positive & value were studied. P and S, for instance, show a large positive 2 valce but deteriorate such properties as hot workability and toughness of metallic materials, so that their content must be reduced. As for Ag and As, which also show a high Q value, it is difficult to use Ag from the cost viewpoint, and As from the toxicity viewpoint.
Among the elements showing a positive £ value, Co and
Cu are in general used as additive elements in steel. Therefore, the effects of their addition were examined and it was found that they are effective in improving the metal dusting resistance. It was further found that N can also be utilized in improving the metal dusting resistance, although it is difficult to use it at a high content level.
For each of the above-mentioned elements Si, Al, Ni, Co.
Cu and N, the relation between the content and the carburizing layer growth inhibiting effect was investigated using test melted materials. The results were subjected to multiple regression calculations, and the carburizing layer growth inhibiting effects and, therefore, the influence of the respective elements on the metal dusting resistance could be made clear.
Since those elements capable of forming stable carbides in metallic materials, such as Ti, Nb, V and Mo, also have a carburizing layer growth inhibiting action, the influences of their contents were then studied. As a result, it was found that the carburizing layer growth inhibiting effect of each of the above-mentioned elements capable of forming stable carbides in metallic materials is almost proportional to the atom concentration and, that when the Mo and W contents are each expressed in terms of 1/2 of the atom concentration and the contents of other elements in terms of the respective atom concentration, the sum of the concentrations can be used as an index quantitatively explaining the above effect. This indicates that these elements bind to the intruding carbon from the surface to form stable carbides, as mentioned above, and thereby prevent the carburizing layer growth.
It was thus found that the metal dusting resistance of high Cr-high Ni-Fe alloys can be markedly improved, by preventing C from intruding into the metal materials by including an element capable of strengthening the oxide film formed on the surface, and, by inhibiting the carburizing layer growth in a carburizing atmosphere by containing at least one of elements showing a positive interaction coefficient together with an appropriate amount of a carbide-forming element.
However, the addition of the above elements may produce an adverse effect, according to their addition levels, on the hot workability and/or high-temperature corrosion resistance.
For preventing such an adverse effect, it is advantageous to add the following elements to the metallic materials.
That is, B, Ca and Mg, at low content levels, can inhibit cracking during the hot working of the metallic material in question and thus improve the hot workability. These elements presumably have a positive effect by strengthening the steel grain boundaries and/or changing the morphology of trace inclusions.
Rare earth elements, such as La, Ce, Nd and Y, when contained in small amounts in themetallicmaterial, can improve the high temperature corrosion resistance and oxidation
Claims (13)
1. A metallic material having metal dusting resistance which comprises, in mass %, C: not more than 0.2%, Si: 0.01-4%, Mn: 0.05-2%, P: not more than 0.04%, S: not more than 0.015%, Cr: 10-35%, Ni: 30-78%, Al: not less than 0.005% but less than 4.5%, N: 0.005-0.2%, and one or both of Cu: 0.015-3% and Co: 0.015-3%, with the balance substantially being Fe, and of which the fnl value defined by the formula (1) given below is not less than 50: fnl = 40Si + Ni + 5A1 + 40N + 10(Cu + Co) ... (1), wherein, in the above formula (1), the symbols of the elements represent the contents, in mass %, of the elements in the metallic material.
2. A metallic material having metal dusting resistance which comprises, in mass %, C: not more than 0.2%, Si: 0.01-4%, Mn: 0.05-2%, P: not more than 0.04%, S: not more than 0.015%, Cr: 10-35%, Ni: 30-78%, Al: not less than 0.005% but less than 4.5%, N: 0.005-0.2%, and one or both of Cu: 0.015-3% and Co: 0.015-3% and further comprises at least one of the (a) group elements specified below, with the balance substantially being Fe, and of which the fnl value defined by the formula (1) given below is not less than 50: (a) Mo: 0.05-10%, Ta: 0.05-5%, W: 0.05-5%, Ti: 0.01-3%, Vv: 0.01-1%, Zr: 0.01-3%, Nb: 0.01-3% and Hf: 0.01-1%; fnl = 408i + Ni + 5A1 + 40N + 10(Cu + Co) ... (1), wherein, in the above formula (1), the symbols of the elements represent the contents, in mass %, of the elements in the metallic material.
3. A metallic material having metal dusting resistance which comprises, in mass %, C: not more than 0.2%, Si: 0.01-4%, Mn: 0.05-2%, P: not more than 0.04%, S: not more than 0.015%, Cr: 10-35%, Ni: 30-78%, Al: not less than 0.005% but less than 4.5%, N: 0.005-0.2%, and one or both of Cu: 0.015-3% and Co: 0.015-3% and further comprises at least one of the (a) group elements specified below, with the balance substantially being Fe, and of which the fnl value defined by the formula (1) given below is not less than 50 and the fn2 value defined by the formula (2) given below is not less than 0.003: (a) Mo: 0.05-10%, Ta: 0.05-5%, W: 0.05-5%, Ti: 0.01-3%, Vv: 0.01-1%, Zr: 0.01-3%, Nb: 0.01-3% and Hf: 0.01-1%; fnl = 408i + Ni + 5A1 + 40N + 10(Cu + Co) ... (1); fn2 = (Mo/192) + (Ta/181) + (W/368) + (Ti/48) + (V/51) + (2r/92) + (Nb/93) + (Hf/179) ... (2), wherein, in the above formulas (1) and (2), the symbols of the elements represent the contents, in mass %, of the elements in the metallic material.
4. The metallic material, having metal dusting resistance according tc any of Claims 1 to 3, which further comprises at least one of the (b) group elements specified below in lieu of part of Fe: {(b) B: 0.0005-0.02%, Ca: 0.0005-0.02% and Mg:
0.0005-0.02%.
5. The metallic material, having metal dusting
Er PCT/IP02/65986 resistance according to any of Claims 1 to 4, which further comprises at least one of the (c) group elements specified below in lieu of part of Fe: {c) La: 0.005-0.3%, Ce: 0.005-0.3%, Nd: 0.005-0.3% and Y: 0.005-0.3%.
6. The metallic material, having metal dusting resistance according to any of Claims 1 to 5, wherein the content of Fe is over 0% but not more than 10%.
7. The metallic material, having metal dusting resistance according to any of Claims 1 to 6, which is intended for use in an atmosphere at 1,000°C or below in which the total content of hydrocarbons, CO and H; is not less than 25% by volume and the total content of hydrocarbons and CO is not less than 1% by volume.
8. A multi-layer metallic material which comprises ‘at least one layer made of the metallic material, having metal dusting resistance according to any of Claims 1 to 6, with at least the outermost layer being a layer of the above-mentioned metallic material having metal dusting: resistance.
9. A metal tube or pipe of which the material is the metallic material having metal dusting resistance according to any of Claims 1 to 6.
10. A multi-layer metal tube or pipe of which the material is the multi-layer metallic material according to claim 8, with the outer surface being a layer of the metallic material having metal dusting resistance. 53 ANIENDED SERET
&“ . - PCT/IP02/05986
11. A metallic material as herein described with reference to Examples 1 or 2.
12. A multi-layer metallic material which comprises at least one layer made of a metallic material having dusting resistance as herein described with reference to Examples 1 or 2, with at least the outermost layer being a layer of the above-mentioned metallic material having dusting resistance.
13. A multi-layer metal tube or pipe of which the material is the multi-layer material according to Claim 12, with the outer surface being a layer of the metallic material having metal dusting resistance. 54 AWVIENDZID SHEET
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001185460 | 2001-06-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ZA200300919B true ZA200300919B (en) | 2003-08-19 |
Family
ID=30428215
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200300919A ZA200300919B (en) | 2001-06-19 | 2003-02-03 | Metal material having good resistance to metal dusting. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ZA (1) | ZA200300919B (en) |
-
2003
- 2003-02-03 ZA ZA200300919A patent/ZA200300919B/en unknown
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