WO2026020573A1 - 提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法、装置及设备 - Google Patents

提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法、装置及设备

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Publication number
WO2026020573A1
WO2026020573A1 PCT/CN2024/119157 CN2024119157W WO2026020573A1 WO 2026020573 A1 WO2026020573 A1 WO 2026020573A1 CN 2024119157 W CN2024119157 W CN 2024119157W WO 2026020573 A1 WO2026020573 A1 WO 2026020573A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charge
state
power battery
discharge
temperature
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/119157
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴田田
刘爽
姜洋
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Dongfeng Motor Group Co Ltd
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Dongfeng Motor Group Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dongfeng Motor Group Co Ltd filed Critical Dongfeng Motor Group Co Ltd
Publication of WO2026020573A1 publication Critical patent/WO2026020573A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4285—Testing apparatus
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/374—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3828—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC using current integration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of power battery technology, and in particular to test methods, apparatus and equipment for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation.
  • the Battery Management System ensures the safe and efficient operation of batteries and is crucial for improving the overall performance, safety, and cycle life of electric vehicles.
  • BMS Battery Management System
  • SOC state of charge
  • the BMS's estimation of the battery's state of charge (SOC) is a vital aspect of battery management. It provides drivers and operators with accurate battery usage information, understanding the remaining battery capacity and providing fundamental data for charge/discharge management, thermal management, and health management.
  • SOC state of charge
  • current research on testing methods for SOC estimation in battery management systems is limited, and the calculation methods for SOC estimation in power battery management systems are complex and lack sufficient accuracy.
  • the main objective of this application is to provide a testing method, apparatus, and equipment for improving the accuracy of state-of-charge estimation of power batteries, aiming to solve the technical problem that the calculation method for state-of-charge estimation of power battery management systems in the prior art is complex and lacks accuracy.
  • this application provides a test method for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge (BMS) estimation.
  • This method is applied to a test system for improving the accuracy of power battery BMS estimation.
  • the test system includes at least a variable temperature chamber, a power battery management system (BMS), and a charging/discharging device.
  • the power battery is placed in the variable temperature chamber.
  • the BMS and the charging/discharging device are respectively connected to the power battery.
  • the charging/discharging device is used to perform charge/discharge tests on the power battery and record the ampere-hour integral value of the power battery's BMS during the charge/discharge test.
  • the BMS is used to obtain the BMS value of the power battery during the charge/discharge test.
  • the test method for improving the accuracy of power battery BMS estimation includes:
  • variable temperature chamber is set to constant temperature mode and the temperature is adjusted to room temperature
  • the power battery is discharged to the first state of charge with constant current and charged to the second state of charge with step constant current to complete the full discharge and full charge.
  • variable temperature chamber Set the variable temperature chamber to dynamic temperature cycling mode and conduct temperature cycling tests to discharge the power battery to the third state of charge after it has been left to stand.
  • the power battery is subjected to charge-discharge cycle tests under preset cycle conditions; after the charge-discharge cycle tests are completed, the power battery is discharged to the first state of charge to complete the full discharge.
  • the relative error of the state of charge is determined.
  • the state of charge evaluation result is determined to improve the accuracy of the state of charge estimation of the power battery management system.
  • the power battery is discharged to a first state of charge using a constant current, and then charged to a second state of charge using a stepped constant current method to complete the full discharge and full charge steps include:
  • variable temperature chamber is set to constant temperature mode and the temperature is adjusted to room temperature
  • the power battery is discharged at a constant current to the first state of charge based on the first preset discharge rate to complete the full discharge.
  • the power battery After full discharge, the power battery is charged to the second state of charge using a preset stepped current to complete the full charge.
  • the step of setting the variable temperature chamber to a temperature dynamic cycling mode and conducting a temperature cycling test to discharge the power battery to the third state of charge after resting includes:
  • variable temperature chamber was set to dynamic temperature cycling mode, and a temperature cycling test was conducted.
  • the power battery was then subjected to a settling process based on the first settling time.
  • the power battery in the second state of charge is discharged to the third state of charge based on the second preset discharge rate.
  • the step of conducting a charge-discharge cycle test on the power battery under preset cyclic conditions based on the third and fourth states of charge includes:
  • the power battery is discharged to the fourth state of charge based on the third preset discharge rate, and the power battery is subjected to a resting treatment based on the second resting time.
  • the power battery is charged to the third state of charge based on a fast charging strategy, and then the power battery is left to rest based on the third resting time.
  • the step of discharging the power battery to a first state of charge to complete the full discharge includes:
  • the power battery is discharged to the discharge cutoff voltage based on the fourth preset discharge rate; after the variable temperature chamber is set to constant temperature mode and the temperature is adjusted to room temperature, the power battery is subjected to a settling treatment based on the fourth settling time.
  • the step of determining the relative error of the state of charge (SOC) based on the integral value of the SOC of the charging and discharging device during a charge-discharge test and the SOC value obtained by the battery management system (BMS) includes:
  • the ampere-hour integral value of the state of charge is obtained.
  • BMS state of charge
  • test method for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation further includes:
  • a temperature correction factor is obtained.
  • the rate correction factor is obtained.
  • the relative state of charge error includes the relative state of charge error of charge-discharge cycle test and the relative state of charge error of overall charge-discharge test.
  • the steps to improve the accuracy of state-of-charge estimation in power battery management systems by determining the state-of-charge evaluation results based on the relative error of the state of charge include:
  • the state of charge evaluation result of the charge-discharge cycle test is determined to be unsatisfactory.
  • the state of charge of the power battery management system is then corrected to improve the state of charge estimation accuracy of the power battery management system.
  • the SOC evaluation result of the overall charge-discharge test is determined to be unsatisfactory. In this case, the SOC of the power battery management system is corrected to improve the accuracy of the SOC estimation.
  • this application also proposes a testing device for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation.
  • the testing device for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation includes:
  • the test module is used to discharge the power battery to the first state of charge with constant current after the variable temperature chamber is set to constant temperature mode and the temperature is adjusted to room temperature, and then charge it to the second state of charge with constant current in a stepwise manner to complete the full discharge and full charge.
  • the test module is also used to set the variable temperature chamber to a temperature dynamic cycle mode, conduct temperature cycle tests, and discharge the power battery that has been left to stand to the third state of charge.
  • the test module is also used to perform charge-discharge cycle tests on the power battery under preset cycle conditions based on the third and fourth states of charge.
  • the test module is also used to discharge the power battery to the first state of charge after the charge-discharge cycle test is completed, so as to complete the full discharge.
  • the evaluation module is used to determine the relative error of the state of charge based on the ampere-hour integral value of the state of charge of the charging and discharging equipment and the state of charge BMS value obtained by the power battery management system during the charge and discharge test.
  • the evaluation module is also used to determine the state of charge evaluation result based on the relative error of the state of charge, so as to improve the accuracy of the state of charge estimation of the power battery management system.
  • test device for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation.
  • the test device for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation includes: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor.
  • the computer program is configured to implement the steps of the test method for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation as described above.
  • the present invention also proposes a storage medium, which is a computer-readable storage medium, and stores a computer program on the storage medium.
  • the computer program When executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the test method for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation as described above.
  • this application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the test method described above for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation.
  • This application provides a test method to improve the accuracy of state-of-charge (SOC) estimation for power batteries.
  • SOC state-of-charge
  • the relative SOC error is determined. Based on the relative SOC error, the SOC evaluation result is determined to improve the SOC estimation accuracy of the power battery management system.
  • This application addresses variable-temperature operating conditions by utilizing the ampere-hour integral value of the state of charge (SOC) obtained from the ampere-hour integral method using a charging and discharging device. It then determines the relative error of SOC, establishes a design threshold for this relative error, and determines the SOC evaluation result. Real-time SOC correction is performed to improve the accuracy of SOC estimation in the power battery management system. Furthermore, the testing method is simple, convenient, and easy to operate, effectively saving development costs. This application solves the technical problems of complex calculation methods and insufficient accuracy in SOC estimation for power battery management systems.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the test system structure for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation, which is involved in the test method for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation in this application.
  • Figure 2 is a detailed structural diagram of the test system for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation involved in the test method for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation in this application.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of Embodiment 1 of the test method for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation in this application;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of stepped constant current charging for the test method to improve the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation provided in Embodiment 1 of this application.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of Embodiment 2 of the test method for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation in this application;
  • Figure 6 is a simplified flowchart of the test method for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation provided in Embodiment 2 of this application;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the module structure of the test device for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation according to an embodiment of this application;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the hardware operating environment involved in the test method for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation in the embodiments of this application.
  • This application provides a solution for variable temperature operating conditions. It utilizes the ampere-hour integral value of the state of charge (SOC) obtained by the ampere-hour integral method from the charging and discharging equipment to determine the relative error of SOC. Based on the design threshold of the relative error of SOC, the SOC evaluation result is determined, and SOC correction is performed in real time to improve the accuracy of SOC estimation of the power battery management system.
  • SOC state of charge
  • the testing method is simple, convenient, and easy to operate, effectively saving development costs. It solves the technical problems of complex calculation methods and insufficient accuracy in SOC estimation of power battery management systems.
  • the test system for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation includes at least a variable temperature chamber 1, a power battery management system (BMS) 2, a charging and discharging device 3, a power battery 4, and a CAN bus 5.
  • BMS power battery management system
  • the power battery 4 is placed in the variable temperature chamber 1, and the power battery management system 2 and the charging and discharging device 3 are respectively connected to the power battery 4 through the CAN bus 5.
  • Battery Management Systems typically perform functions such as online battery status monitoring, SOC estimation, battery health status analysis, and necessary thermal management to ensure safe battery pack operation and extend battery cycle life.
  • a BMS can collect real-time data on the terminal voltage and temperature of each battery cell in an electric vehicle's battery pack, as well as the charging and discharging current and the total voltage of the battery pack, preventing overcharging or over-discharging.
  • the BMS can also perform equal charging and discharging of individual cells in the battery pack, ensuring that all cells reach a balanced and consistent state.
  • the BMS can analyze whether the SOC is too high, the battery temperature is too high/low, the individual cell voltage is too high/low, the battery temperature rise is too rapid, insulation is faulty, there is overcurrent, battery consistency is analyzed, battery pack faults are present, and communication failures are detected.
  • the charging/discharging device 3 is used to perform charging/discharging tests on the power battery 4 and record the integral value of the state of charge (SOC) of the power battery 4 during the charging/discharging test.
  • the power battery management system 2 is used to obtain the SOC value of the power battery 4 during the charging/discharging test.
  • the integral value of the SOC is usually determined based on the data recorded by the charging/discharging device 3.
  • the SOC value is the value estimated by the power battery management system 2, and there is usually a certain error between it and the integral value of the SOC.
  • the CAN bus 5 is used to connect the power battery management system 2 and the power battery 4, and also to connect the charging/discharging device 3 and the power battery 4 to realize data sharing and transmission.
  • the variable temperature chamber can adjust the temperature according to different needs, and can be set to a constant temperature mode or a dynamic temperature circulation mode.
  • the test system for improving the accuracy of power battery state-of-charge estimation may further include an oscilloscope, power supply, multimeter, test bench, CAN bus, bus monitoring equipment, laptop computer, etc.
  • the CAN bus is used to connect the BMS (Battery Management System) and the laptop computer for data transmission between the BMS and the laptop computer to obtain the SOC value estimated by the BMS.
  • the CAN bus is also used to connect the charging and discharging equipment and the power battery to obtain the ampere-hour integral value of the power battery's state-of-charge.
  • Figure 3 is a flowchart of the first embodiment of the test method for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation.
  • test method for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation includes steps S10 to S60:
  • Step S10 After the variable temperature chamber is set to constant temperature mode and the temperature is adjusted to room temperature, the power battery is discharged to the first state of charge by constant current and charged to the second state of charge by constant current in a stepwise manner to complete the full discharge and full charge.
  • the entire charge-discharge test includes 11 stages. Different stages usually require different charge-discharge operations, which can be achieved through charge-discharge equipment.
  • this embodiment uses a testing method under variable temperature conditions to obtain the state of charge (BMS) value and the ampere-hour integral value of the power battery management system, determine the state of charge evaluation result, and thus perform real-time SOC correction to improve the accuracy of the state of charge estimation of the power battery management system.
  • BMS state of charge
  • ampere-hour integral value of the power battery management system determines the state of charge evaluation result, and thus perform real-time SOC correction to improve the accuracy of the state of charge estimation of the power battery management system.
  • step S10 may include steps S101 to S102:
  • Step S101 After the variable temperature chamber is set to constant temperature mode and the temperature is adjusted to room temperature, the power battery is discharged at a constant current to the first state of charge based on the first preset discharge rate to complete the full discharge.
  • a discharge rate of less than or equal to 1/3C is considered a low discharge rate
  • a discharge rate of greater than 1/3C but less than 3C is considered a medium discharge rate
  • a discharge rate of greater than or equal to 3C is considered a high discharge rate.
  • the variable temperature chamber is set to constant temperature mode and the temperature is adjusted to room temperature, typically 25°C.
  • the first stage is the preparation stage, which requires a full discharge of the power battery.
  • a constant current discharge method is used.
  • the first preset discharge rate is the discharge rate used in the first stage.
  • a relatively low discharge rate is selected, for example, 1/3C, that is, the discharge current is 1/3 of the battery's rated capacity.
  • Other suitable low discharge rates can also be selected, and there is no specific limitation on this.
  • the first state of charge is SOC equal to 0.
  • the active materials can be fully utilized, which is beneficial to the discharge process, can fully release the battery capacity, and is beneficial to the safety of the power battery and its cycle life.
  • Step S102 After full discharge is completed, the power battery is charged to the second state of charge by a stepped constant current based on a preset stepped current to complete full charge.
  • the second stage After full discharge, the second stage begins. Stages two through eleven are the testing stage.
  • the second stage requires a full charge of the power battery, and this embodiment uses a stepped constant current charging method.
  • the preset stepped current is the stepped current used during the second stage charging process and can be set according to actual needs; no specific limitation is made.
  • the second state of charge is SOC equal to 100%, i.e., a full charge state.
  • I1 1/3C
  • I2 1/6C
  • I3 1/10C
  • I4 1/15C
  • I5 1/20C
  • I6 1/25C
  • I7 1/30C.
  • variable temperature chamber is set to constant temperature mode, and the temperature is adjusted to room temperature.
  • the room temperature can usually be set to 25°C, but other values can also be set according to actual needs. This embodiment does not make specific limitations on this.
  • Step S20 Set the variable temperature chamber to temperature dynamic cycle mode, perform temperature cycle test, and discharge the power battery that has been left to stand until the third state of charge.
  • step S20 may include steps S201 to S202:
  • Step S201 Set the variable temperature chamber to temperature dynamic cycle mode, conduct temperature cycle test, and perform static treatment on the power battery based on the first static time.
  • the third stage begins.
  • the third stage requires the power battery to be placed under variable temperature conditions. Therefore, in this embodiment, the variable temperature chamber is set to a dynamic temperature cycling mode, which is the variable temperature condition. It usually needs to cover the normal operating temperature range of the power battery. Temperature cycling test is a simulation of the working environment of the power battery under different temperature conditions. It can comprehensively test the key performance indicators of the power battery such as electrochemical performance, thermal stability and mechanical stability under different temperature conditions.
  • the dynamic temperature cycling mode requires setting the initial temperature, linear temperature change rate, minimum temperature, and maximum temperature.
  • the initial temperature is the temperature of the variable temperature chamber at the initial moment of the temperature cycling test. Starting from the initial temperature, the dynamic temperature cycling mode cools down to the minimum temperature at a linear temperature change rate, then heats up to the maximum temperature at the same rate, and then cools down to the minimum temperature again at the same rate, repeating the cycle. For example, if the normal operating temperature range of the power battery is -20°C to 45°C, the initial temperature can be set to 25°C, using the temperature of the variable temperature chamber in constant temperature mode in the first stage, with a linear temperature change rate of 5°C/hour, a minimum temperature of -20°C, and a maximum temperature of 45°C.
  • the temperature cycling test then starts at 25°C, cools down to -20°C at a rate of 5°C/hour, then heats up to 45°C at a rate of 5°C/hour, and then cools down to -20°C at a rate of 5°C/hour, repeating the cycle.
  • the temperature cycling test can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs and is not specifically limited.
  • the first resting time is the duration required for the third stage of resting, and it usually needs to be greater than or equal to 30 minutes.
  • BMS data and charge/discharge equipment data may include battery temperature, charge/discharge current, charge/discharge time, actual state of charge (SOC) value, and SOC BMS value.
  • Step S202 After the resting period is completed, the power battery in the second state of charge is discharged to the third state of charge based on the second preset discharge rate.
  • the second preset discharge rate is the discharge rate used in the fourth stage.
  • a lower discharge rate is selected, such as 1/3C.
  • Other suitable low discharge rates can also be selected, and there is no specific limitation on this.
  • the third state of charge is SOC equal to 80%.
  • Step S30 Based on the third and fourth states of charge, the power battery is subjected to charge-discharge cycle test under preset cycle conditions;
  • the preset driving cycle is NEDC/WLTC.
  • NEDC New European Driving Cycle
  • WLTC Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle
  • the fifth to eighth stages are entered.
  • the fifth to eighth stages are charge-discharge cycle tests. That is, the fifth to eighth stages need to be charged and discharged multiple times according to the set number of cycles.
  • the fifth stage requires discharging the power battery.
  • the third preset discharge rate is the discharge rate used in the fifth stage.
  • a lower discharge rate is selected, such as 1/3C. Since the actual capacity of the battery is closely related to the discharge current, high current discharge enhances electrode polarization, increases polarization resistance, and causes a rapid drop in discharge voltage, reducing battery energy efficiency and resulting in a lower actual discharged capacity. Therefore, this embodiment uses a low discharge rate of 1/3C during the NEDC/WLTC cycle, which results in a slower voltage drop and facilitates the battery discharge process.
  • Other suitable low discharge rates can also be selected and adjusted flexibly according to actual conditions (battery characteristics, battery materials, specifications, etc.). No specific limitations are imposed. Simultaneously, time costs need to be considered when determining the discharge rate. The relationship between discharge time, SOC, and discharge rate must satisfy the following:
  • the initial SOC is the SOC value before discharge
  • the target SOC refers to the target SOC value after discharge
  • ⁇ is the discharge rate
  • T is the discharge time (h).
  • the fourth state of charge is SOC equal to 30%.
  • the sixth stage requires a settling process for the power battery.
  • the second settling time which is the duration of the settling process in the sixth stage, typically needs to be greater than or equal to 30 minutes.
  • the purpose of the settling process is to eliminate electrode polarization and to allow for battery SOC correction during the settling period.
  • BMS data and charging and discharging equipment data are recorded during the discharge process.
  • the BMS power supply is disconnected within 1 minute and the battery is left to stand for more than half an hour.
  • Step S302 Charge the power battery to the third state of charge based on the fast charging strategy, and perform a resting process on the power battery based on the third resting time.
  • the fast charging strategy refers to the fast charging method, such as 3C high-rate charging or Reflex fast charging. It can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual situation (battery characteristics, battery materials, specifications, etc.) and there are no specific limitations.
  • the BMS power supply is turned on, and BMS data and charging/discharging equipment data are recorded during the resting period.
  • the power battery is charged to 80% using a fast charging strategy, and BMS data and charging/discharging equipment data are recorded during the charging process.
  • the eighth stage requires a resting period for the power battery. This third resting period is the duration required for the eighth stage's resting process and typically needs to be greater than or equal to 30 minutes.
  • Step S303 Update the loop count and repeat the above steps until the loop count meets the preset loop count.
  • the cycle count is incremented by 1.
  • the preset cycle count is the number of cycles required, for example, 10 times. When the cycle count reaches 10, the charging and discharging cycle test ends. If the cycle count has not reached 10, the next round of charging and discharging operations continues.
  • Step S40 After the charge-discharge cycle test is completed, the power battery is discharged to the first state of charge to complete the full discharge; in one feasible embodiment, step S40 may include steps S401 to S403:
  • the fourth preset discharge rate is the discharge rate used in the ninth stage.
  • a lower discharge rate is selected, such as 1/3C.
  • Other suitable low discharge rates can also be selected, and there is no specific limitation on this.
  • the discharge cutoff voltage in this embodiment can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual situation, and no specific limitation is made.
  • Step S402 After the variable temperature chamber is set to constant temperature mode and the temperature is adjusted to room temperature, the power battery is subjected to a settling process based on the fourth settling time.
  • the temperature of the variable temperature chamber needs to be set to room temperature (usually 25°C) to allow the power battery to settle.
  • the fourth settling time is the duration required for the tenth stage settling process. This fourth settling time usually needs to be greater than or equal to 8 hours to allow the temperature of the power battery to reach equilibrium with the ambient temperature of the variable temperature chamber (the temperature difference between the power battery and room temperature should not exceed 2°C). On the other hand, settling can eliminate the polarization of the power battery.
  • the temperature of the variable temperature chamber is set to 25°C, the BMS power supply is disconnected within 1 minute, and the power battery is left to stand for more than 8 hours.
  • Step S403 After the resting period is completed, the power battery is discharged to the first state of charge based on the fifth preset discharge rate to complete the full discharge.
  • the eleventh stage begins. To ensure a full discharge of the power battery, the eleventh stage requires continued discharge.
  • the fifth preset discharge rate is the same as the discharge rate used in the twelfth stage.
  • a low discharge rate should be used to reduce battery polarization and facilitate the battery discharge process, thus achieving a full discharge. Therefore, this embodiment selects a relatively low discharge rate, such as 0.05C. Other suitable low discharge rates can also be selected, and there is no specific limitation on this.
  • the BMS data and charging and discharging equipment data during the discharge process are recorded.
  • Step S50 Determine the relative error of the state of charge based on the ampere-hour integral value of the state of charge of the charging and discharging equipment and the state of charge BMS value obtained by the power battery management system during the charging and discharging test.
  • the relative error of state of charge is the error between the ampere-hour integral value of the ROC recorded by the charging and discharging equipment and the ROC value obtained by the power battery management system (BMS) during the charging and discharging test. It can be seen that in order to ensure the accuracy of the ROC estimation by the BMS, the ROC usually cannot exceed a certain value.
  • Step S60 Based on the relative error of state of charge, determine the state of charge evaluation result to improve the accuracy of state of charge estimation of the power battery management system.
  • the state-of-charge (SOC) assessment result evaluates the accuracy of the SOC estimation of the power battery management system. There are generally two outcomes: the accuracy meets the requirements, or the accuracy does not.
  • the relative error of SOC includes the relative error of the charge-discharge cycle test and the relative error of the overall charge-discharge test, where the overall charge-discharge test refers to the entire charge-discharge test process. Based on the relative error of the charge-discharge cycle test, this embodiment can determine the SOC assessment result in the charge-discharge cycle test; based on the relative error of the overall charge-discharge test, this embodiment can determine the SOC assessment result in the overall charge-discharge test.
  • the SOC evaluation result of the charge-discharge cycle test is determined to be unsatisfactory in terms of accuracy, and the SOC of the power battery management system is corrected to improve the accuracy of the SOC estimation of the power battery management system.
  • the preset error threshold is the design threshold for the relative error of the state of charge (SOC). In other words, the SOC must be less than or equal to this preset error threshold.
  • the preset error threshold varies depending on the battery type, material system, battery design, manufacturing process, and specific testing conditions. It can be flexibly adjusted according to specific circumstances to ensure battery performance and safety. No specific limitation is made; for example, the preset error threshold for ternary lithium-ion batteries is set to 3%, and the preset error threshold for lithium iron phosphate batteries is set to 5%.
  • SOC state of charge
  • the preset error threshold If the relative error of the state of charge (SOC) in the charge-discharge cycle test exceeds the preset error threshold, it indicates that the accuracy of the SOC evaluation result does not meet the requirements. In this case, SOC correction needs to be performed on the power battery management system, and the correction event should be recorded for debugging and analysis to improve the accuracy of the SOC estimation of the power battery management system. The correction can be performed during the resting period. If the relative error of the SOC in the charge-discharge cycle test is less than or equal to the preset error threshold, it indicates that the accuracy of the SOC evaluation result meets the requirements.
  • the SOC evaluation result of the overall charge-discharge test is determined to be unsatisfactory in terms of accuracy.
  • the SOC of the power battery management system is then corrected to improve the accuracy of the SOC estimation of the power battery management system.
  • SOC state of charge
  • the preset error threshold If the relative error of the state of charge (SOC) in the overall charge-discharge test exceeds the preset error threshold, it indicates that the accuracy of the SOC evaluation result does not meet the requirements. In this case, SOC correction needs to be performed on the power battery management system, and the correction event should be recorded for debugging and analysis to improve the accuracy of the SOC estimation of the power battery management system. The correction can be performed during the resting period. If the relative error of the SOC in the overall charge-discharge test is less than or equal to the preset error threshold, it indicates that the accuracy of the SOC evaluation result meets the requirements.
  • This embodiment provides a test method to improve the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation.
  • the power battery After setting the variable temperature chamber to constant temperature mode and adjusting the temperature to room temperature, the power battery is discharged at a constant current to a first state of charge, and then charged at a constant current in stages to a second state of charge to complete full discharge and full charge.
  • the variable temperature chamber is set to a temperature dynamic cycle mode for temperature cycle testing, and the power battery, after resting, is discharged to a third state of charge. Based on the third and fourth states of charge, the power battery is subjected to charge-discharge cycle testing under preset cycle conditions. After the charge-discharge cycle test is completed, the power battery is discharged to the first state of charge to complete full discharge.
  • the relative error of the state of charge is determined. Based on the relative error of the state of charge, the state of charge evaluation result is determined to improve the accuracy of the power battery management system's state of charge estimation.
  • the ampere-hour integral value of the state of charge (SOC) obtained by the charging and discharging equipment based on the ampere-hour integral method is used to determine the relative error of SOC.
  • the SOC evaluation result is determined, and SOC correction is performed in real time to improve the accuracy of SOC estimation of the power battery management system.
  • the testing method is simple, convenient, easy to operate, and effectively saves development costs.
  • step S50 may include steps S501 to S504:
  • Step S501 Obtain the temperature correction factor, the rate correction factor, and the charging and discharging current data, charging and discharging time data, and state of charge data recorded by the charging and discharging equipment during the charging and discharging test.
  • this embodiment is designed for variable temperature conditions, it is necessary to consider the impact of temperature on performance parameters including battery internal resistance (polarization resistance, ohmic resistance), chemical reaction rate, and electrode active materials. For example: 1) At low temperatures, the activity of electrode active materials is low, which is not conducive to ion diffusion.
  • the polarization of the battery is large, resulting in increased polarization resistance and causing the battery capacity to freeze at the end of discharge, thus preventing some battery capacity from being released normally; 2) At high temperatures, the rate of internal chemical reactions in the battery is accelerated, leading to accelerated battery aging and shortening the battery's cycle life; 3) During high-current discharge, the polarization of the electrodes is large, the battery internal resistance increases, the discharge voltage drops rapidly, the battery's energy efficiency decreases, and the actual released capacity is lower. Correspondingly, under low-rate discharge conditions, the discharge voltage drops slowly, which is beneficial to the battery's charging and discharging process; 4) During high-current charging, as the charging current increases, the negative electrode potential gradually decreases.
  • this embodiment sets a rate correction factor and a temperature correction factor.
  • the rate correction factor includes the discharge rate correction factor and the charge rate correction factor.
  • the steps of determining the magnification correction factor and the temperature correction factor include steps S5011 to S5014:
  • Step S5011 Obtain battery temperature data, variable temperature chamber temperature, battery operating temperature threshold, and the second correspondence between battery characteristic correction parameters and temperature correction factor;
  • T ⁇ sub> f ⁇ /sub> is the temperature correction factor
  • T ⁇ sub> cell ⁇ /sub> is the temperature of the power battery at a certain moment (which can be determined based on battery temperature data)
  • T ⁇ sub>0 ⁇ /sub> is the temperature of the variable temperature chamber
  • T ⁇ sub>max ⁇ /sub> is the highest temperature at which the battery can operate safely, i.e., the battery operating temperature threshold
  • a and b are battery characteristic correction parameters, which are coefficients that need to be determined based on battery characteristics and experimental data.
  • the process of determining coefficients a and b usually involves battery performance testing and data analysis, and is usually related to the battery's capacity decay, aging characteristics, and the influence of temperature on battery performance. The values may vary depending on factors such as battery type, manufacturing process, and usage conditions, and are not specifically limited in this regard.
  • Step S5012 Based on battery temperature data, variable temperature chamber temperature, battery operating temperature threshold, battery characteristic correction parameters, and the second correspondence, obtain the temperature correction factor.
  • Step S5013 Obtain battery temperature data, variable temperature chamber temperature, battery operating temperature threshold, charge/discharge current data, battery rated capacity, battery peak charge/discharge current, battery temperature correction coefficient, ambient temperature correction coefficient, and the third correspondence between charge/discharge current correction coefficient and rate correction factor.
  • Df is the rate correction factor
  • Tcell is the temperature of the battery pack at a certain moment (which can be determined based on battery temperature data)
  • T0 is the temperature of the variable temperature chamber
  • Tmax is the battery operating temperature threshold
  • I(t) is the charge/discharge current data, which is a function of charge/discharge time; a positive value indicates that the battery is charging, and a negative value indicates that the battery is discharging
  • Ireted is the peak charge/discharge current of the battery
  • Cteted is the rated capacity of the battery
  • c1 is the ambient temperature correction coefficient
  • c2 is the battery temperature correction coefficient
  • c3 is the charge/discharge current correction coefficient.
  • c1 , c2 , and c3 are coefficients that need to be determined based on battery characteristics and experimental data. For example, by measuring the discharge capacity of the power battery at different temperatures and comparing it with the capacity at a reference temperature, the influence of temperature on battery capacity can be determined, and the ambient temperature correction coefficient c1 and the battery temperature correction coefficient c2 can be determined. Similarly, by measuring the battery discharge capacity under different discharge currents and analyzing the relationship between discharge current and battery capacity, the charge/discharge current correction coefficient c3 can be determined. Among these, the battery operating temperature threshold, battery rated capacity, and battery peak charge/discharge current are closely related to battery characteristics and material type, and need to be determined based on actual conditions.
  • Step S5014 Based on battery temperature data, variable temperature chamber temperature, battery operating temperature threshold, charge/discharge current data, battery rated capacity, battery peak charge/discharge current, battery temperature correction coefficient, ambient temperature correction coefficient, charge/discharge current correction coefficient, and the third correspondence, the rate correction factor is obtained.
  • the rate of return actually refers to the current output of a battery within a specified time to release its rated capacity. It is numerically equal to a multiple of the battery's rated capacity.
  • the rate of return includes both charging and discharging rates.
  • the peak charging current of a battery is equal to the product of its maximum charging rate and its rated capacity, and the peak discharging current is equal to the product of its maximum discharging rate and its rated capacity.
  • charging rate correction factor When calculating the charging rate correction factor, charging current data, charging time data, and the battery's peak charging current are used. Similarly, when calculating the discharging rate correction factor, discharging current data, discharging time data, and the battery's peak discharging current are used. By substituting battery temperature data, variable temperature chamber temperature, battery operating temperature threshold, charging/discharging current data, battery rated capacity, battery peak charging/discharging current, battery temperature correction coefficient, ambient temperature correction coefficient, and charging/discharging current correction coefficient into the aforementioned third correspondence, the corresponding rate correction factor can be calculated.
  • Step S502 Obtain the temperature correction factor, rate correction factor, charge/discharge current data, charge/discharge time data, state of charge data, and the first correspondence between the battery rated capacity and the ampere-hour integral value of the state of charge;
  • I(t) is the current of the power battery at time t, i.e. the charging and discharging current data.
  • a positive value indicates charging and a negative value indicates discharging.
  • SOC 0 is the initial state of charge of the power battery (which can be determined based on the state of charge data).
  • C rated is the rated capacity of the battery.
  • t0 is the initial time and t is the current time.
  • Tf is the temperature correction factor and Df is the rate correction factor.
  • Step S503 Based on the temperature correction factor, rate correction factor, charge and discharge current data, charge and discharge time data, state of charge data, battery rated capacity and the first correspondence, obtain the ampere-hour integral value of the state of charge.
  • Step S504 Obtain the state of charge (BMS) value from the power battery management system, and use the difference between the ampere-hour integral value of the state of charge and the BMS value as the relative error of the state of charge.
  • BMS state of charge
  • DEV Rel represents the relative error of state of charge
  • SOC BSM represents the BMS value of state of charge
  • SOC t represents the ampere-hour integral value of state of charge
  • This embodiment provides a test method to improve the accuracy of state of charge (SOC) estimation for power batteries.
  • the method uses the ampere-hour integral value of SOC obtained by the charging and discharging equipment based on the ampere-hour integral method to determine the relative error of SOC. Based on the design threshold of the relative error of SOC, the SOC evaluation result is determined, and SOC correction is performed in real time to improve the accuracy of SOC estimation for the power battery management system.
  • the test method is simple, convenient, easy to operate, and effectively saves development costs.
  • Figure 6 provides a simplified flowchart of a test method for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation. Specifically:
  • t1 to t2 of the test phase At time t1, the BMS power supply is disconnected within 1 minute after the battery is fully charged. At the same time, the temperature of the variable temperature chamber is set to variable temperature operation (for example, it drops to -20°C at a rate of 5°C/hour, and then rises to 45°C at a rate of 5°C/hour, and repeats). The power battery is left to stand for more than 30 minutes. The BMS power supply is then connected. The BMS data and charging and discharging equipment data are recorded during the standing time. The SOC is adjusted to 100%. Then the BMS power supply is disconnected within 1 minute and left to stand. This time is recorded as t2.
  • the relative error of state of charge can be used to determine whether the state of charge estimation accuracy of the power battery management system meets the requirements during the cycle test, so as to make real-time SOC correction.
  • the testing device for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation includes:
  • Test module 10 is also used to perform charge-discharge cycle tests on the power battery under preset cycle conditions based on the third and fourth states of charge.
  • the test module 10 is also used to discharge the power battery to the first state of charge after the charge-discharge cycle test is completed, so as to complete the full discharge.
  • the evaluation module 20 is also used to determine the state of charge evaluation result based on the relative error of the state of charge, so as to improve the accuracy of the state of charge estimation of the power battery management system.
  • test module 10 is further configured to discharge the power battery to a first state of charge based on a first preset discharge rate after the variable temperature chamber is set to constant temperature mode and the temperature is adjusted to room temperature, so as to complete the full discharge.
  • the power battery After full discharge, the power battery is charged to the second state of charge using a preset stepped current to complete the full charge.
  • the test module 10 is further configured to set the variable temperature chamber to a temperature dynamic cycle mode, perform a temperature cycle test, and perform a static treatment on the power battery based on a first static time.
  • the power battery in the second state of charge is discharged to the third state of charge based on the second preset discharge rate.
  • the test module 10 is further configured to discharge the power battery to a fourth state of charge based on a third preset discharge rate under preset cyclic conditions, and to perform a resting treatment on the power battery based on a second resting time.
  • the power battery is charged to the third state of charge based on a fast charging strategy, and then the power battery is left to rest based on the third resting time.
  • the test module 10 is further configured to discharge the power battery to the discharge cutoff voltage based on a fourth preset discharge rate after the charge-discharge cycle test is completed.
  • variable temperature chamber is set to constant temperature mode and the temperature is adjusted to room temperature
  • the power battery is subjected to a settling process based on the fourth settling time.
  • the battery After the battery has been left to stand, it is discharged to the first state of charge based on the fifth preset discharge rate to complete the full discharge.
  • the evaluation module 20 is also used to acquire temperature correction factor, rate correction factor, and charge/discharge current data, charge/discharge time data, and state of charge data recorded by the charge/discharge device during the charge/discharge test.
  • the ampere-hour integral value of the state of charge is obtained.
  • BMS state of charge
  • the evaluation module 20 is further configured to acquire battery temperature data, the temperature of the variable temperature chamber, the battery operating temperature threshold, and a second correspondence between battery characteristic correction parameters and temperature correction factors.
  • a temperature correction factor is obtained.
  • the rate correction factor is obtained.
  • the evaluation module 20 is further configured to determine that the state of charge evaluation result of the charge-discharge cycle test does not meet the accuracy requirements when the relative error of the state of charge of the charge-discharge cycle test is greater than a preset error threshold, and to perform state of charge correction on the power battery management system in order to improve the state of charge estimation accuracy of the power battery management system.
  • the SOC evaluation result of the overall charge-discharge test is determined to be unsatisfactory. In this case, the SOC of the power battery management system is corrected to improve the accuracy of the SOC estimation.
  • the testing apparatus for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation provided in this application employs the testing method for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation in the above embodiments, which can solve the technical problem that the calculation method for state of charge estimation in power battery management systems is complex and lacks accuracy.
  • the beneficial effects of the testing apparatus for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation provided in this application are the same as the beneficial effects of the testing method for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation provided in the above embodiments, and other technical features in the testing apparatus for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation are the same as the features disclosed in the methods of the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.
  • the testing device includes: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor.
  • the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, which are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the testing method for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation described in Embodiment 1 above.
  • FIG8 a schematic diagram of the structure of the testing device suitable for implementing the embodiments of this application for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation is shown below.
  • the testing device for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation in the embodiments of this application may include, but is not limited to, mobile terminals such as mobile phones, laptops, digital radio receivers, personal digital assistants, tablets, portable multimedia players, and in-vehicle terminals (e.g., in-vehicle navigation terminals), as well as fixed terminals such as digital TVs and desktop computers.
  • mobile terminals such as mobile phones, laptops, digital radio receivers, personal digital assistants, tablets, portable multimedia players, and in-vehicle terminals (e.g., in-vehicle navigation terminals), as well as fixed terminals such as digital TVs and desktop computers.
  • in-vehicle terminals e.g., in-vehicle navigation terminals
  • fixed terminals such as digital TVs and desktop computers.
  • the test equipment for improving the accuracy of power battery state-of-charge estimation may include a processing unit 1001 (e.g., a central processing unit, a graphics processing unit, etc.), which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in read-only memory (ROM) 1002 or a program loaded from storage device 1003 into random access memory (RAM) 1004.
  • RAM 1004 also stores various programs and data required for the operation of the test equipment for improving the accuracy of power battery state-of-charge estimation.
  • the processing unit 1001, ROM 1002, and RAM 1004 are interconnected via bus 1005.
  • Input/output (I/O) interface 1006 is also connected to the bus.
  • I/O interface 1006 input devices 1007 including, for example, touchscreens, touchpads, keyboards, mice, image sensors, microphones, accelerometers, gyroscopes, etc.; output devices 1008 including, for example, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), speakers, vibrators, etc.; storage devices 1003 including, for example, magnetic tapes, hard disks, etc.; and communication devices 1009.
  • Communication device 1009 allows the test equipment for improving the accuracy of power battery state-of-charge estimation to communicate wirelessly or wiredly with other devices to exchange data.
  • FIG. 10 shows a test equipment for improving the accuracy of power battery state-of-charge estimation with various systems, it should be understood that it is not required to implement or possess all the systems shown. More or fewer systems can be implemented alternatively.
  • embodiments disclosed in this application include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a computer-readable medium, the computer program containing program code for performing the methods shown in the flowcharts.
  • the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via a communication device, or installed from storage device 1003, or installed from ROM 1002.
  • processing device 1001 it performs the functions defined in the methods of the embodiments disclosed in this application.
  • the testing equipment for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation provided in this application adopts the testing method for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation in the above embodiments, which can solve the technical problem that the calculation method for state of charge estimation in power battery management systems is complex and lacks accuracy.
  • the beneficial effects of the testing equipment for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation provided in this application are the same as the beneficial effects of the testing method for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation provided in the above embodiments, and other technical features in the testing equipment for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation are the same as the features disclosed in the method of the previous embodiment, and will not be repeated here.
  • This application provides a computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program instructions (i.e., a computer program) stored thereon, the computer-readable program instructions being used to execute the test method for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation in the above embodiments.
  • computer-readable program instructions i.e., a computer program
  • the computer-readable storage medium provided in this application may be, for example, a USB flash drive, but is not limited to, electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, devices, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to: electrical connections having one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fibers, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, system, or device.
  • the program code contained on the computer-readable storage medium may be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to: wires, optical cables, RF (Radio Frequency), etc., or any suitable combination thereof.
  • the aforementioned computer-readable storage medium carries one or more programs.
  • the test device for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation performs the following: after setting the variable temperature chamber to constant temperature mode and adjusting the temperature to room temperature, it discharges the power battery to a first state of charge using constant current and then charges it to a second state of charge using stepwise constant current to complete full discharge and full charge; it sets the variable temperature chamber to a temperature dynamic cycle mode and performs a temperature cycle test, discharging the power battery to a third state of charge after it has been left to stand; based on the third and fourth states of charge, it performs a charge-discharge cycle test on the power battery under preset cycle conditions; after the charge-discharge cycle test is completed, it discharges the power battery to the first state of charge to complete full discharge; based on the ampere-hour integral value of the state of charge of the charging and discharging equipment and the state of charge (BMS) value obtained by the power battery management system during the charge-discharge test,
  • BMS state of charge
  • Computer program code for performing the operations of this application can be written in one or more programming languages or a combination thereof, including object-oriented programming languages such as Java, Smalltalk, and C++, as well as conventional procedural programming languages such as the "C" language or similar programming languages.
  • the program code can be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server.
  • the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer via any type of network—including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN)—or can be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).
  • LAN local area network
  • WAN wide area network
  • each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions indicated in the blocks may occur in a different order than those indicated in the drawings.
  • the readable storage medium provided in this application is a computer-readable storage medium that stores computer-readable program instructions (i.e., a computer program) for executing the above-described test method for improving the accuracy of power battery state-of-charge estimation.
  • computer-readable program instructions i.e., a computer program
  • the beneficial effects of the computer-readable storage medium provided in this application are the same as the beneficial effects of the test method for improving the accuracy of power battery state-of-charge estimation provided in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.
  • This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the test method described above for improving the accuracy of power battery state of charge estimation.
  • the computer program product provided in this application can solve the technical problem that the calculation method for estimating the state of charge (SOC) of a power battery management system is complex and lacks accuracy.
  • the beneficial effects of the computer program product provided in this application are the same as the beneficial effects of the test method for improving the accuracy of SOC estimation of power batteries provided in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

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Abstract

一种提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法、装置及设备，涉及动力电池技术领域，该方法包括：将动力电池恒流放电至第一荷电状态，并阶梯恒流充电至第二荷电状态；在变温工况下，将静置完成的动力电池放电至第三荷电状态；基于第三荷电状态与第四荷电状态，对动力电池进行充放电循环测试；将动力电池放电至第一荷电状态；基于充放电设备获得的荷电状态安时积分值以及动力电池管理系统获得的荷电状态BMS值，确定荷电状态相对误差（S50）；确定荷电状态评价结果，以提升动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度。

Description

提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法、装置及设备
本申请要求于2024年7月22日申请的、申请号为202410982060.1的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及动力电池技术领域，尤其涉及提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法、装置及设备。
背景技术
动力电池管理系统(BMS)确保电池的安全和高效运行，而且对于提高电动汽车的整体性能、安全和循环寿命至关重要，其中，BMS对电池荷电状态(SOC)的估算是动力电池管理的重要环节，能够为驾驶员或操作者提供准确的电池使用信息，了解电池的剩余电量，为电池的充放电管理、热管理和健康管理提供基础数据。由于电池的结构复杂，电池的荷电状态的影响因素繁多，目前，对动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算的测试方法的相关研究较少，动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算的计算方法复杂，精度不足。
上述内容仅用于辅助理解本发明的技术方案，并不代表承认上述内容是现有技术。
发明内容
本申请的主要目的在于提供一种提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法、装置及设备，旨在解决现有技术中动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算的计算方法复杂，精度不足的技术问题。
为实现上述目的，本申请提供了一种提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法，应用于提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试系统，提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试系统至少包括可变温箱、动力电池管理系统以及充放电设备，动力电池放置在可变温箱中，动力电池管理系统和充放电设备分别连接至动力电池，充放电设备用于对动力电池进行充放电测试并记录充放电测试中动力电池的荷电状态安时积分值，动力电池管理系统用于获取充放电测试中动力电池的荷电状态BMS值，提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法，包括：
在可变温箱设置为恒温模式且温度调整为室温后，将动力电池恒流放电至第一荷电状态，并阶梯恒流充电至第二荷电状态，以完成满放与满充；
将可变温箱设置为温度动态循环模式，进行温度循环测试，将静置完成的动力电池放电至第三荷电状态；
基于第三荷电状态与第四荷电状态，在预设循环工况下对动力电池进行充放电循环测试；在充放电循环测试完成后，将动力电池放电至第一荷电状态，以完成满放；
基于充放电测试中充放电设备的荷电状态安时积分值以及动力电池管理系统获得的荷电状态BMS值，确定荷电状态相对误差；
基于荷电状态相对误差，确定荷电状态评价结果，以提升动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度。
在一实施例中，在可变温箱设置为恒温模式且温度调整为室温后，将动力电池恒流放电至第一荷电状态，并阶梯恒流充电至第二荷电状态，以完成满放与满充的步骤包括：
在可变温箱设置为恒温模式且温度调整为室温后，基于第一预设放电倍率，将动力电池恒流放电至第一荷电状态，以完成满放；
在满放完成后，基于预设阶梯电流，将动力电池阶梯恒流充电至第二荷电状态，以完成满充。
在一实施例中，将可变温箱设置为温度动态循环模式，进行温度循环测试，将静置完成的动力电池放电至第三荷电状态的步骤包括：
将可变温箱设置为温度动态循环模式，进行温度循环测试，基于第一静置时间对动力电池进行静置处理；
在静置完成后，基于第二预设放电倍率，将第二荷电状态的动力电池放电至第三荷电状态。
在一实施例中，基于第三荷电状态与第四荷电状态，在预设循环工况下对动力电池进行充放电循环测试的步骤包括：
在预设循环工况下，基于第三预设放电倍率将动力电池放电至第四荷电状态，并基于第二静置时间对动力电池进行静置处理；
基于快速充电策略将动力电池充电至第三荷电状态，并基于第三静置时间对动力电池进行静置处理；
更新循环次数，重复执行上述步骤，直至循环次数满足预设循环次数。
在一实施例中，在充放电循环测试完成后，将动力电池放电至第一荷电状态，以完成满放的步骤包括：
在充放电循环测试完成后，基于第四预设放电倍率，将动力电池放电至放电截止电压；在可变温箱设置为恒温模式且温度调整为室温后，基于第四静置时间对动力电池进行静置处理；
在静置完成后，基于第五预设放电倍率，将动力电池放电至第一荷电状态，以完成满放。
在一实施例中，基于充放电测试中充放电设备的荷电状态安时积分值以及动力电池管理系统获得的荷电状态BMS值，确定荷电状态相对误差的步骤包括：
获取温度修正因子、倍率修正因子以及充放电测试中充放电设备记录的充放电电流数据、充放电时间数据与荷电状态数据；
获取温度修正因子、倍率修正因子、充放电电流数据、充放电时间数据、荷电状态数据、电池额定容量与荷电状态安时积分值之间的第一对应关系；
基于温度修正因子、倍率修正因子、充放电电流数据、充放电时间数据、荷电状态数据、电池额定容量以及第一对应关系，得到荷电状态安时积分值；
获取动力电池管理系统获得的荷电状态BMS值，将荷电状态安时积分值与荷电状态BMS值的差值作为荷电状态相对误差。
在一实施例中，提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法还包括：
获取电池温度数据、可变温箱的温度、电池工作温度阈值、电池特性修正参数与温度修正因子之间的第二对应关系；
基于电池温度数据、可变温箱的温度、电池工作温度阈值、电池特性修正参数以及第二对应关系，得到温度修正因子；
获取电池温度数据、可变温箱的温度、电池工作工作温度阈值、充放电电流数据、电池额定容量、电池峰值充放电电流、电池温度修正系数、环境温度修正系数、充放电电流修正系数与倍率修正因子之间的第三对应关系；
基于电池温度数据、可变温箱的温度、电池工作温度阈值、充放电电流数据、电池额定容量、电池峰值充放电电流、电池温度修正系数、环境温度修正系数、充放电电流修正系数以及第三对应关系，得到倍率修正因子。
在一实施例中，荷电状态相对误差包括充放电循环测试的荷电状态相对误差以及充放电整体测试的荷电状态相对误差；
基于荷电状态相对误差，确定荷电状态评价结果，以提升动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度的步骤包括：
在充放电循环测试的荷电状态相对误差大于预设误差阈值时，确定充放电循环测试的荷电状态评价结果为精度不满足要求，对动力电池管理系统进行荷电状态修正，以提升动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度；
在充放电整体测试的荷电状态相对误差大于预设误差阈值时，确定充放电整体测试的荷电状态评价结果为精度不满足要求，对动力电池管理系统进行荷电状态修正，以提升动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度。
此外，为实现上述目的，本申请还提出一种提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试装置，提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试装置包括：
测试模块，用于在可变温箱设置为恒温模式且温度调整为室温后，将动力电池恒流放电至第一荷电状态，并阶梯恒流充电至第二荷电状态，以完成满放与满充；
测试模块，还用于将可变温箱设置为温度动态循环模式，进行温度循环测试，将静置完成的动力电池放电至第三荷电状态；
测试模块，还用于基于第三荷电状态与第四荷电状态，在预设循环工况下对动力电池进行充放电循环测试；
测试模块，还用于在充放电循环测试完成后，将动力电池放电至第一荷电状态，以完成满放；
评价模块，用于基于充放电测试中充放电设备的荷电状态安时积分值以及动力电池管理系统获得的荷电状态BMS值，确定荷电状态相对误差；
评价模块，还用于基于荷电状态相对误差，确定荷电状态评价结果，以提升动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度。
此外，为实现上述目的，本申请还提出一种提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试设备，提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试设备包括：存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，计算机程序配置为实现如上文的提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法的步骤。
此外，为实现上述目的，本发明还提出一种存储介质，存储介质为计算机可读存储介质，存储介质上存储有计算机程序，计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如上文的提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法的步骤。
此外，为实现上述目的，本申请还提供一种计算机程序产品，计算机程序产品包括计算机程序，计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如上文的提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法的步骤。
本申请提供了一种提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法，在可变温箱设置为恒温模式且温度调整为室温后，将动力电池恒流放电至第一荷电状态，并阶梯恒流充电至第二荷电状态，以完成满放与满充；将可变温箱设置为温度动态循环模式，进行温度循环测试，将静置完成的动力电池放电至第三荷电状态；基于第三荷电状态与第四荷电状态，在预设循环工况下对动力电池进行充放电循环测试；在充放电循环测试完成后，将动力电池放电至第一荷电状态，以完成满放；基于充放电测试中充放电设备的荷电状态安时积分值以及动力电池管理系统获得的荷电状态BMS值，确定荷电状态相对误差；基于荷电状态相对误差，确定荷电状态评价结果，以提升动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度。本申请针对变温工况，利用充放电设备基于安时积分法获得的荷电状态安时积分值，确定荷电状态相对误差，基于荷电状态相对误差的设计阈值，确定荷电状态评价结果，实时进行SOC修正，以提升动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度，且测试方法简单方便，易操作，有效节省开发成本，解决了动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算的计算方法复杂，精度不足的技术问题。
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图2为本申请提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法涉及的提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试系统细化结构示意图；
图3为本申请提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法实施例一的流程示意图；
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图5为本申请提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法实施例二的流程示意图；
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本申请实施例的主要解决方案是：在可变温箱设置为恒温模式且温度调整为室温后，将动力电池恒流放电至第一荷电状态，并阶梯恒流充电至第二荷电状态，以完成满放与满充；将可变温箱设置为温度动态循环模式，进行温度循环测试，将静置完成的动力电池放电至第三荷电状态；基于第三荷电状态与第四荷电状态，在预设循环工况下对动力电池进行充放电循环测试；在充放电循环测试完成后，将动力电池放电至第一荷电状态，以完成满放；基于充放电测试中充放电设备的荷电状态安时积分值以及动力电池管理系统获得的荷电状态BMS值，确定荷电状态相对误差；基于荷电状态相对误差，确定荷电状态评价结果，以提升动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度。
目前，对动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算的测试方法的相关研究较少，动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算的计算方法复杂，精度不足。
本申请提供一种解决方案，针对变温工况，利用充放电设备基于安时积分法获得的荷电状态安时积分值，确定荷电状态相对误差，基于荷电状态相对误差的设计阈值，确定荷电状态评价结果，实时进行SOC修正，以提升动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度，且测试方法简单方便，易操作，有效节省开发成本，解决了动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算的计算方法复杂，精度不足的技术问题。
本实施例应用于提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试系统，参考图1，提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试系统至少包括可变温箱1、动力电池管理系统(BMS)2、充放电设备3、动力电池4以及CAN总线5，动力电池4放置在可变温箱1中，动力电池管理系统2和充放电设备3通过CAN总线5分别连接至动力电池4。
BMS通常可以实现电池状态在线监测、SOC估算、电池健康状态分析以及实施必要的热管理等功能，以保证电池包安全运行，延长电池循环寿命。示例性地，BMS能够实时采集电动汽车动力电池组中的每块电池的端电压和温度、充放电电流及电池组总电压，防止电池发生过充电或过放电现象；BMS能够为动力电池组中的单体电池均衡充放电，使电池组中各个电池都达到均衡一致的状态；BMS能够分析SOC是否过高、电池温度是否过高/低、单体电池电压是否超高/低、电池的温升是否过快、绝缘是否故障、是否过电流、电池的一致性分析、电池组是否存在故障以及是否通信故障等。
在本实施例中，充放电设备3用于对动力电池4进行充放电测试并记录充放电测试中动力电池4的荷电状态安时积分值，动力电池管理系统2用于获取充放电测试中动力电池4的荷电状态BMS值。荷电状态安时积分值通常可以根据充放电设备3记录的数据确定，荷电状态BMS值即动力电池管理系统2估算的SOC值，通常与荷电状态安时积分值之间存在一定的误差。CAN总线5用于连接动力电池管理系统2与动力电池4，还用于连接充放电设备3与动力电池4，实现数据共享和传输。可变温箱可以根据不同的需求调整温度，可以设置为恒温模式，也可以设置为温度动态循环模式。
在一实施例中，参考图2，提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试系统还可以包括示波器、供电电源、万用表、调试台架、CAN总线、总线监控设备、笔记本电脑等，本实施例对此不作具体限定，其中，CAN总线用于连接BMS电池管理系统与笔记本电脑，用于BMS与笔记本电脑之间的数据传输，以便获取BMS估算的SOC值。CAN总线还用于连接充放电设备与动力电池，以便获取动力电池的荷电状态安时积分值。
本申请实施例提供了一种提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法，参照图3，图3为本申请提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法第一实施例的流程示意图。
本实施例中，提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法包括步骤S10～S60：
步骤S10，在可变温箱设置为恒温模式且温度调整为室温后，将动力电池恒流放电至第一荷电状态，并阶梯恒流充电至第二荷电状态，以完成满放与满充；
本实施例中整个的充放电测试包括11个阶段，不同的阶段通常需要进行不同的充放电操作，这些充放电操作可通过充放电设备实现。
另外地，本实施例是在变温工况下，利用测试方法，获得动力电池管理系统的荷电状态BMS值和荷电状态安时积分值，确定荷电状态评价结果，从而实时进行SOC修正，提升动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度。
在一种可行的实施方式中，步骤S10可以包括步骤S101～S102：
步骤S101，在可变温箱设置为恒温模式且温度调整为室温后，基于第一预设放电倍率，将动力电池恒流放电至第一荷电状态，以完成满放；
一般来说，小于等于1/3C为低放电倍率，大于1/3C且小于3C为中放电倍率，大于等于3C为高放电倍率。
可变温箱设置为恒温模式，并将温度调整为室温，通常为25℃，第一阶段为准备阶段，需要对动力电池进行满放，本实施例采用恒流放电的方式。第一预设放电倍率为第一阶段使用的放电倍率，本实施例选取较低的放电倍率，例如：1/3C，即放电电流的大小为电池额定容量的1/3，也可选择其他合适的低放电倍率，对此不作具体限定。在本实施例中，第一荷电状态为SOC等于0。
在第一阶段，以1/3C的放电倍率将动力电池恒流放电至SOC＝0，在此过程中，由于采用了低放电倍率，电极的极化作用小，活性物质能够充分利用，有利于放电过程，能够完全释放电池容量，有利于动力电池的使用安全和循环寿命。
步骤S102，在满放完成后，基于预设阶梯电流，将动力电池阶梯恒流充电至第二荷电状态，以完成满充；
满放完成后进入第二阶段，第二阶段至第十一阶段为测试阶段，第二阶段需要对动力电池进行满充，本实施例采用阶梯恒流充电的方式。预设阶梯电流为第二阶段充电过程中使用的阶梯式电流，可根据实际需求进行设置，对此不作具体限定。在本实施例中，第二荷电状态为SOC等于100％，即满充状态。
另外地，阶梯恒流充电时通常设置多个依次递减的预设阶梯电流，参考图4，假设设置7个预设阶梯电流，分别为I1、I2、I3、I4、I5、I6、I7，整个阶梯恒流充电的过程为：按照I1恒流充电至有单体电池达到技术条件规定的充电截止电压；按照I2恒流充电至有单体电池达到技术条件规定的充电截止电压；按照I3恒流充电至有单体电池达到技术条件规定的充电截止电压；按照I4恒流充电至有单体电池达到技术条件规定的充电截止电压；按照I5恒流充电至有单体电池达到技术条件规定的充电截止电压；按照I6恒流充电至有单体电池达到技术条件规定的充电截止电压；按照I7恒流充电至有单体电池达到技术条件规定的充电截止电压；此时，电池系统处于满电状态。其中，需满足I1>I2>I3>I4>I5>I6>I7，示例性地，I1＝1/3C，I2＝1/6C，I3＝1/10C，I4＝1/15C，I5＝1/20C，I6＝1/25C，I7＝1/30C。选择阶梯式、低倍率小电流充电方式，可以减弱电池的极化作用(包括浓差极化、电化学极化、欧姆极化)，减小电池内阻，保证活性物质能够充分利用，保证电池达到满电状态，且能够防止电池过充电，使动力电池组中的单体电芯均衡充电，各个电芯达到均衡一致的状态，保证电池一致性，保证电池的安全性能和循环寿命；另外，考虑到过小的充电电流可能无法对电芯进行充电，应当合理设定充电倍率，同时需要综合考虑时间成本，合理设定阶梯电流的数量，对此不做具体限定。
在第二阶段，按照预设阶梯电流将动力电池阶梯恒流充电至SOC＝100％。
第一阶段至第二阶段中可变温箱设置为恒温模式，温度调整为室温，室温通常可以设置为25℃，也可以根据实际需求设置其他的数值，本实施例对此不做具体限定。
步骤S20，将可变温箱设置为温度动态循环模式，进行温度循环测试，将静置完成的动力电池放电至第三荷电状态；
在一种可行的实施方式中，步骤S20可以包括步骤S201～S202：
步骤S201，将可变温箱设置为温度动态循环模式，进行温度循环测试，基于第一静置时间对动力电池进行静置处理；
第二阶段的满充完成后进入第三阶段，第三阶段需要在变温工况下对动力电池进行静置处理，因此，本实施例将可变温箱设置为温度动态循环模式即为变温工况，通常需要涵盖动力电池的正常工作温度范围，温度循环测试是一种模拟动力电池在不同温度条件下的工作环境，可以全面测试动力电池在不同温度条件下的电化学性能、热稳定性和机械稳定性等关键性能指标。
温度动态循环模式需要设定初始温度，线性温变速率，最低温度、最高温度。初始温度即温度循环测试的初始时刻的可变温箱的温度。温度动态循环模式以初始温度为起点，按照线性温变速率降温至最低温度，接着按照线性温变速率升温至最高温度，再按照线性温变速率降温至最低温度，循环往复。示例性地，动力电池的动力电池的正常工作温度范围为-20℃～45℃，则可以设定初始温度为25℃，采用第一阶段中可变温箱为恒温模式时的温度，线性温变速率为5℃/小时，最低温度为-20℃，最高温度为45℃。则温度循环测试的过程是从25℃开始，为以5℃/小时降温至-20℃，接着以5℃/小时速率升温至45℃，在以5℃/小时速率降温至-20℃，循环往复。温度循环测试可根据实际需求灵活调整，对此不作具体限定。
另外地，满充完成后进入第三阶段，第三阶段需要对动力电池进行静置。第一静置时间即第三阶段的静置处理所需要持续的时间，第一静置时间通常需要大于等于30分钟。
在第三阶段，电池满充后1min内断开BMS供电电源，同步将可变温箱设置为温度动态循环模式，静置30min以上，连通BMS供电电源，记录静置时间内的BMS数据及充放电设备数据，将SOC调整到100％，然后1min内断开BMS供电电源，静置。静置处理可以消除电极的极化作用，并且可以在静置处理期间完成调整SOC为100％的修正操作。
BMS数据及充放电设备数据可包括电池的温度、充放电电流、充放电时间、荷电状态真实值、荷电状态BMS值等。
步骤S202，在静置完成后，基于第二预设放电倍率，将第二荷电状态的动力电池放电至第三荷电状态。
第三阶段的静置完成后进入第四阶段，第四阶段需要对动力电池进行放电。第二预设放电倍率即第四阶段所使用的放电倍率，本实施例选取较低的放电倍率，例如：1/3C，也可选择其他合适的低放电倍率，对此不作具体限定。在本实施例中，第三荷电状态为SOC等于80％。
在第四阶段，接通BMS供电电源，以1/3C的放电倍率将满充的动力电池放电至SOC＝80％。步骤S30，基于第三荷电状态与第四荷电状态，在预设循环工况下对动力电池进行充放电循环测试；
预设循环工况为NEDC/WLTC工况，其中，NEDC(New European Driving Cycle，新标欧洲循环测试)是一种欧洲的续航测试标准，WLTC(Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle，全球轻型汽车测试循环)是一种联合国制定的新型循环测试标准。
另外地，完成第四阶段后进入第五阶段至第八阶段，在本实施例中，第五阶段至第八阶段进行充放电循环测试，也就是说，需要根据设置的循环次数，多次进行第五阶段至第八阶段的充放电操作。
在一种可行的实施方式中，步骤S30可以包括步骤S301～S303：
步骤S301，在预设循环工况下，基于第三预设放电倍率将动力电池放电至第四荷电状态，并基于第二静置时间对动力电池进行静置处理；
第五阶段需要对动力电池进行放电。第三预设放电倍率即第五阶段所使用的放电倍率，本实施例选取较低的放电倍率，例如：1/3C。由于电池的实际容量与放电电流密切相关，大电流放电时，电极的极化增强，极化内阻增大，放电电压下降很快，电池的能量效率降低，从而导致实际放出的容量较低，因此，本实施例在NEDC/WLTC循环工况过程中采用1/3C低倍率放电电流，放电电压下降缓慢，利于电池的放电过程，也可选择其他合适的低放电倍率，可根据实际情况(电池特性、电池材料、规格等)灵活调整，对此不作具体限定。同时需要考虑时间成本，确定放电倍率，放电时间、SOC与放电倍率之间的关系满足：
式中，初始SOC为放电前的SOC值，目标SOC指放电后的目标SOC值，σ为放电倍率，T为放电时间，单位(h)，示例性地，若初始SOC＝80％，目标SOC＝30％，放电电流倍率σ＝1/3，则放电时间为1.5h。在本实施例中，第四荷电状态为SOC等于30％。
另外地，第六阶段需要对动力电池进行静置处理，第二静置时间即第六阶段的静置处理所需要持续的时间，第二静置时间通常需要大于等于30分钟。静置处理的目的是消除电极的极化作用，并且可以在静置期间进行电池SOC修正操作。
在第五阶段至第六阶段，以NEDC/WLTC工况运行，以1/3C的放电倍率将动力电池放电至SOC＝30％，记录放电过程中的BMS数据及充放电设备数据，1min内断开BMS供电电源，静置半小时以上。
步骤S302，基于快速充电策略将动力电池充电至第三荷电状态，并基于第三静置时间对动力电池进行静置处理；
第六阶段的静置完成后进入第七阶段，第七阶段需要将动力电池充电至SOC＝80％。快速充电策略即快速充电的方式，例如：3C高倍率充电、Reflex快速充电法，可根据实际情况(电池特性、电池材料、规格等)灵活调整，对此不作具体限定。
在第七阶段，接通BMS供电电源，记录静置时间内的BMS数据及充放电设备数据，以快速充电策略将动力电池充电至SOC＝80％，记录充电过程中的BMS数据及充放电设备数据。另外地，第八阶段需要对动力电池进行静置处理，第三静置时间即第八阶段的静置处理所需要持续的时间，第三静置时间通常需要大于等于30分钟。
在第八阶段，断开BMS供电电源，静置半小时，1min内连通BMS供电电源，记录静置时间内的BMS数据及充放电设备数据。
步骤S303，更新循环次数，重复执行上述步骤，直至循环次数满足预设循环次数。
每完成一轮第五阶段至第八阶段的充放电操作，循环次数+1。预设循环次数即设定的需要循环的次数，例如：10次，当循环次数达到10次时，充放电循环测试结束，当循环次数未达到10次时，继续进行下一轮充放电操作。
步骤S40，在充放电循环测试完成后，将动力电池放电至第一荷电状态，以完成满放；在一种可行的实施方式中，步骤S40可以包括步骤S401～S403：
步骤S401，在充放电循环测试完成后，基于第四预设放电倍率，将动力电池放电至放电截止电压；
充放电循环测试完成后进入第九阶段，第四预设放电倍率即第九阶段所使用的放电倍率，本实施例选取较低的放电倍率，例如：1/3C，也可选择其他合适的低放电倍率，对此不作具体限定。
在第九阶段，接通BMS电源，以NEDC/WLTC工况运行，以1/3C的放电倍率将动力电池放电至放电截止电压。由于此阶段内可变温箱为温度动态循环模式，需要考虑到动力电池在零下低温时，电极活性物质的活性低，不利于离子扩散，电池的极化作用大，造成极化内阻增大，导致电池放电末端容量冻结的现象，从而部分电池容量不能正常释放。因此，零下低温时，可采用更低放电倍率，例如从1/3C减小至1/10C，利于电池放电过程，提升动力电池的放电效率。
根据动力电池的不同类型及不同的放电条件，对电池的容量和寿命的要求也不同，由此所设定的放电截止电压也不同，因此，本实施例中的放电截止电压可根据实际情况灵活调整，对此不作具体限定。
步骤S402，在可变温箱设置为恒温模式且温度调整为室温后，基于第四静置时间对动力电池进行静置处理；
接下来进入第十阶段，需要将可变温箱的温度设置为室温(通常为25℃)，对动力电池进行静置处理。第四静置时间即第十阶段静置处理所需要持续的时间，第四静置时间通常需要大于等于8小时，以使动力电池的温度与可变温箱的环境温度达到平衡状态(动力电池的温度与室温的温差不大于2℃)，另一方面，静置可以消除动力电池的极化作用。
在第十阶段，将可变温箱的温度设置为25℃，1min内断开BMS供电电源，将动力电池静置8小时以上。
步骤S403，在静置完成后，基于第五预设放电倍率，将动力电池放电至第一荷电状态，以完成满放。
第十阶段的静置完成后，进入第十一阶段，为了保证对动力电池的满放，第十一阶段需要继续进行放电。第五预设放电倍率即第十二阶段所使用的放电倍率，为避免出现SOC提前为0，却未触发电压下限的情况，应当以低倍率电流放电，减小电池极化作用，有利于电池放电过程，完成满放，因此，本实施例选取较低的放电倍率，例如：0.05C，也可选择其他合适的低放电倍率，对此不作具体限定。
在第十一阶段，连通BMS供电电源，以0.05C的放电倍率将动力电池放电至SOC＝0，记录放电过程中的BMS数据及充放电设备数据。
步骤S50，基于充放电测试中充放电设备的荷电状态安时积分值以及动力电池管理系统获得的荷电状态BMS值，确定荷电状态相对误差；
荷电状态相对误差即充放电测试中充放电设备记录的荷电状态安时积分值与动力电池管理系统获得的荷电状态BMS值之间的误差，可见，为了保证BMS的荷电状态估算精度，荷电状态相对误差通常不能超过一定的数值。
步骤S60，基于荷电状态相对误差，确定荷电状态评价结果，以提升动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度。
荷电状态评价结果即评价动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度的情况，通常有两种情况：精度满足要求以及精度不满足要求。荷电状态相对误差包括充放电循环测试的荷电状态相对误差以及充放电整体测试的荷电状态相对误差，其中，充放电整体测试即整个充放电测试过程。基于充放电循环测试的荷电状态相对误差，本实施例可以确定充放电循环测试中的荷电状态评价结果，基于充放电整体测试的荷电状态相对误差，本实施例可以确定充放电整体测试中的荷电状态评价结果。
在一种可行的实施方式中，在充放电循环测试的荷电状态相对误差大于预设误差阈值时，确定充放电循环测试的荷电状态评价结果为精度不满足要求，对动力电池管理系统进行荷电状态修正，以提升动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度。
预设误差阈值即荷电状态相对误差的设计阈值，也就是说，荷电状态相对误差需要小于等于该预设误差阈值。针对不同的电池类型、材料体系、电池的设计、制造工艺以及测试的具体条件等，预设误差阈值有所不同，可根据具体情况灵活调整，以确保电池的性能和安全性，对此不做具体限定，示例性地，将三元锂类型的动力电池的预设误差阈值设置为3％，将磷酸铁锂类型的动力电池的预设误差阈值设置为5％。
充放电循环测试的荷电状态相对误差大于预设误差阈值，说明充放电循环测试的荷电状态评价结果为精度不满足要求，此时需要对动力电池管理系统进行SOC修正，并记录修正事件以便调试分析，从而提升动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度。其中，修正可在静置期间进行。充放电循环测试的荷电状态相对误差小于等于预设误差阈值，说明充放电循环测试的荷电状态评价结果为精度满足要求。
在一种可行的实施方式中，在充放电整体测试的荷电状态相对误差大于预设误差阈值时，确定充放电整体测试的荷电状态评价结果为精度不满足要求，对动力电池管理系统进行荷电状态修正，以提升动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度。
充放电整体测试的荷电状态相对误差大于预设误差阈值，说明充放电整体测试的荷电状态评价结果为精度不满足要求，此时需要对动力电池管理系统进行SOC修正，并记录修正事件以便调试分析，从而提升动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度。其中，修正可在静置期间进行。充放电整体测试的荷电状态相对误差小于等于预设误差阈值，说明充放电整体测试的荷电状态评价结果为精度满足要求。
本实施例提供一种提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法，在可变温箱设置为恒温模式且温度调整为室温后，将动力电池恒流放电至第一荷电状态，并阶梯恒流充电至第二荷电状态，以完成满放与满充；将可变温箱设置为温度动态循环模式，进行温度循环测试，将静置完成的动力电池放电至第三荷电状态；基于第三荷电状态与第四荷电状态，在预设循环工况下对动力电池进行充放电循环测试；在充放电循环测试完成后，将动力电池放电至第一荷电状态，以完成满放；基于充放电测试中充放电设备的荷电状态安时积分值以及动力电池管理系统获得的荷电状态BMS值，确定荷电状态相对误差；基于荷电状态相对误差，确定荷电状态评价结果，以提升动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度。针对变温工况，利用充放电设备基于安时积分法获得的荷电状态安时积分值，确定荷电状态相对误差，基于荷电状态相对误差的设计阈值，确定荷电状态评价结果，实时进行SOC修正，以提升动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度，且测试方法简单方便，易操作，有效节省开发成本。
基于本申请第一实施例，在本申请第二种实施例中，与上述实施例一相同或相似的内容，可以参考上文介绍，后续不再赘述。在此基础上，请参照图5，步骤S50可以包括步骤S501～S504：
步骤S501，获取温度修正因子、倍率修正因子以及充放电测试中充放电设备记录的充放电电流数据、充放电时间数据与荷电状态数据；
由于本实施例针对变温工况，需要考虑温度对包括电池内阻(极化内阻、欧姆内阻)、化学反应速率、电极活性物质等性能参数的影响，例如：1)低温工况时，电极活性物质的活性低，不利于离子扩散，电池的极化作用大，造成极化内阻增大，导致电池放电末端容量冻结的现象，从而部分电池容量不能正常释放；2)高温工况时，电池内部化学反应的速率加快，导致电池老化加速，从而缩短电池的循环寿命；3)大电流放电时，电极的极化作用大，电池内阻增大，放电电压下降很快，电池的能量效率降低，实际放出的容量较低。相应地，在低倍率放电条件下，放电电压下降缓慢，有利于电池的充放电过程；4)在大电流充电时，随充电电流增大，负极电位逐渐减低，对锂电池来说，当负极电位低于析锂电位则存在析锂风险，易形成锂枝晶，刺穿隔膜发生短路，存在安全风险。因此，需要考虑电池实际放电倍率受到环境温度和放电电流等因素影响，即不同的温度和放电电流，电池容量利用率可能发生变化，因此，本实施例设定倍率修正因子及温度修正因子。
倍率修正因子包括放电倍率修正因子与充电倍率修正因子。
在一种可行的实施方式中，确定倍率修正因子及温度修正因子的步骤包括步骤S5011～S5014：
步骤S5011，获取电池温度数据、可变温箱的温度、电池工作温度阈值、电池特性修正参数与温度修正因子之间的第二对应关系；
电池温度数据、可变温箱的温度、电池工作温度阈值、电池特性修正参数与温度修正因子之间的第二对应关系即温度修正因子的计算关系式，如下所示：
式中，Tf为温度修正因子，Tcell为动力电池某一时刻的温度(可根据电池温度数据确定)，T0为可变温箱的温度，Tmax为电池安全工作的最高温度，即电池工作温度阈值，a、b为电池特性修正参数，是需要根据电池特性和实验数据确定的系数，确定系数a、b的过程通常涉及电池性能测试和数据分析，通常与电池的容量衰减、老化特性以及温度对电池性能的影响有关，数值可能因电池类型、制造工艺、使用条件等因素而有所不同，对此不作具体限定。
步骤S5012，基于电池温度数据、可变温箱的温度、电池工作温度阈值、电池特性修正参数以及第二对应关系，得到温度修正因子；
将电池温度数据、可变温箱的温度、电池工作温度阈值、电池特性修正参数代入上述第二对应关系，计算出相应的温度修正因子。
步骤S5013，获取电池温度数据、可变温箱的温度、电池工作温度阈值、充放电电流数据、电池额定容量、电池峰值充放电电流、电池温度修正系数、环境温度修正系数、充放电电流修正系数与倍率修正因子之间的第三对应关系；
电池温度数据、可变温箱的温度、电池工作温度阈值、充放电电流数据、电池额定容量、电池峰值充放电电流、电池温度修正系数、环境温度修正系数、充放电电流修正系数与倍率修正因子之间的第三对应关系即倍率修正因子的计算关系式，如下所示：
式中，Df为倍率修正因子，Tcell为电池包某一时刻的温度(可根据电池温度数据确定)，T0为可变温箱的温度，Tmax为电池工作温度阈值，I(t)为充放电电流数据，是充放电时间的函数，正值表示电池在充电，负值表示电池在放电，Ireted为电池峰值充放电电流，Cteted为电池额定容量，c1为环境温度修正系数，c2为电池温度修正系数，c3为充放电电流修正系数，c1、c2、c3是需要根据电池特性和实验数据确定的系数，例如，在不同温度下测量动力电池的放电容量，并与参考温度下的容量进行比较，从而得出温度对电池容量的影响，确定环境温度修正系数c1、电池温度修正系数c2；测量不同放电电流下的电池放电容量，分析放电电流与电池容量的关系，从而确定充放电电流修正系数c3，其中，电池工作温度阈值、电池额定容量、电池峰值充放电电流与电池特性、材料类型等密切相关，需根据实际情况确定。
步骤S5014，基于电池温度数据、可变温箱的温度、电池工作温度阈值、充放电电流数据、电池额定容量、电池峰值充放电电流、电池温度修正系数、环境温度修正系数、充放电电流修正系数以及第三对应关系，得到倍率修正因子。
倍率实际上是指电池在规定的时间内放出其额定容量所输出的电流值，它在数值上等于电池额定容量的倍数。倍率包括充电倍率与放电倍率。电池峰值充电电流等于电池的最大充电倍率与电池额定容量的乘积，电池峰值放电电流等于电池的最大放电倍率与电池额定容量的乘积。
计算充电倍率修正因子时，利用充电电流数据、充电时间数据、电池峰值充电电流。相应的，计算放电倍率修正因子时，利用放电电流数据、放电时间数据、电池峰值放电电流。将电池温度数据、可变温箱的温度、电池工作温度阈值、充放电电流数据、电池额定容量、电池峰值充放电电流、电池温度修正系数、环境温度修正系数、充放电电流修正系数代入上述第三对应关系，计算出相应的倍率修正因子。
步骤S502，获取温度修正因子、倍率修正因子、充放电电流数据、充放电时间数据、荷电状态数据、电池额定容量与荷电状态安时积分值之间的第一对应关系；
温度修正因子、倍率修正因子、充放电电流数据、充放电时间数据、荷电状态数据与荷电状态安时积分值之间的第一对应关系即荷电状态安时积分值的计算关系式，如下所示：
式中，I(t)是动力电池在t时刻的电流，即充放电电流数据，正值表示充电，负值表示放电，SOC0为动力电池的初始荷电状态(可根据荷电状态数据确定)，Crated为电池额定容量，t0为初始时刻，t为当前时刻，Tf为温度修正因子，Df为倍率修正因子。
步骤S503，基于温度修正因子、倍率修正因子、充放电电流数据、充放电时间数据、荷电状态数据、电池额定容量以及第一对应关系，得到荷电状态安时积分值；
将温度修正因子、倍率修正因子、充放电电流数据、充放电时间数据、荷电状态数据、电池额定容量代入上述第一对应关系，计算出相应的荷电状态安时积分值。
步骤S504，获取动力电池管理系统获得的荷电状态BMS值，将荷电状态安时积分值与荷电状态BMS值的差值作为荷电状态相对误差。
荷电状态安时积分值与荷电状态BMS值之间的差值即为荷电状态相对误差，如下所示：
DEVRel＝SOCt-SOCBSM
式中，DEVRel表示荷电状态相对误差，SOCBSM表示荷电状态BMS值，SOCt表示荷电状态安时积分值。
示例性地，假设充放电整体测试为t1～t6，则t0＝t1，t＝t6，此时荷电状态相对误差为：
示例性地，假设充放电循环测试为t2～t4，则t0＝t2，t＝t4，此时荷电状态相对误差为：
本实施例提供一种提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法，针对变温工况，利用充放电设备基于安时积分法获得的荷电状态安时积分值，确定荷电状态相对误差，基于荷电状态相对误差的设计阈值，确定荷电状态评价结果，实时进行SOC修正，以提升动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度，且测试方法简单方便，易操作，有效节省开发成本。
示例性地，为了助于理解本实施例结合上述实施例二后所得到的提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法的实现流程，请参照图6，图6提供了一种提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法的简要流程示意图，具体地：
(1)准备阶段：0～t0阶段，将动力电池置于25℃室温的可变温箱，以1/3C的放电倍率恒流放电至SOC＝0，此时记为t0；
(2)测试阶段的t0～t1阶段：采用阶梯恒流充电方式，完成满充，SOC＝100％，此时记为t1；
(3)测试阶段的t1～t2阶段：在t1时刻，电池满充后1min内断开BMS供电电源，同步将可变温箱温度设置为变温工况(例如以5℃/小时下降至-20℃，下降至-20℃后，以5℃/小时速率上升至45℃，循环往复)，动力电池静置30min以上，连通BMS供电电源，记录静置时间内的BMS数据及充放电设备数据，将SOC调整到100％，然后1min内断开BMS供电电源，静置，此时记为t2；
(4)测试阶段的t2～t3阶段：在t2时刻，接通BMS供电电源，将满充后的动力电池以1/3C放电倍率放电至SOC＝80％，此时记为t3；
(5)测试阶段的t3～t5阶段：以NEDC/WLTC工况运行，以1/3C放电倍率放电至SOC＝30％，记为t4，记录放电过程中的BMS数据及充放电设备数据，1min内断开BMS供电电源，静置半小时以上，此时记为t5；
(6)测试阶段的t5～t7阶段：在t5时刻，接通BMS供电电源，记录静置时间内的数据，以快速充电方式，将动力电池充电至SOC＝80％，记录充电过程中的BMS数据及充放电设备数据，此时记为t6，1min内断开BMS供电电源，静置半小时，此时记为t7，连通BMS供电电源，记录静置时间内的BMS数据及充放电设备数据；
(7)重复5～6的步骤，继续循环9次，共计10次的循环结束后，记录BMS数据及充放电设备数据；
(8)根据实际情况灵活选择是否计算荷电状态相对误差，该荷电状态相对误差可以用于确定循环测试过程中动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度是否达到要求，以便实时进行SOC修正；
(9)测试阶段的t7～t8阶段：在t7时刻，接通BMS供电电源，以NEDC/WLTC工况运行，以1/3C的放电倍率将动力电池放电至放电截止电压，此时记为t8；
(10)测试阶段的t8～t9阶段：在t8时刻，断开BMS供电电源，同步将可变温箱设置为恒温模式，温度设置为25℃室温，1min内断开BMS供电电源，动力电池静置8h以上，此时记为t9；
(11)测试阶段的t9～t10阶段：连通BMS供电电源，以0.05C的放电倍率将动力电池放电至SOC＝0，记录放电过程中的BMS数据及充放电设备数据，此时记为t10；
(12)计算荷电状态相对误差，该荷电状态相对误差可以用于确定整个测试过程中动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度是否达到要求，以便实时进行SOC修正。
本申请还提供一种提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试装置，请参照图7，提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试装置包括：
测试模块10，用于在可变温箱设置为恒温模式且温度调整为室温后，将动力电池恒流放电至第一荷电状态，并阶梯恒流充电至第二荷电状态，以完成满放与满充；
测试模块10，还用于将可变温箱设置为温度动态循环模式，进行温度循环测试，将静置完成的动力电池放电至第三荷电状态；
测试模块10，还用于基于第三荷电状态与第四荷电状态，在预设循环工况下对动力电池进行充放电循环测试；
测试模块10，还用于在充放电循环测试完成后，将动力电池放电至第一荷电状态，以完成满放；
评价模块20，用于基于充放电测试中充放电设备的荷电状态安时积分值以及动力电池管理系统获得的荷电状态BMS值，确定荷电状态相对误差；
评价模块20，还用于基于荷电状态相对误差，确定荷电状态评价结果，以提升动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度。
在一实施例中，测试模块10，还用于在可变温箱设置为恒温模式且温度调整为室温后，基于第一预设放电倍率，将动力电池恒流放电至第一荷电状态，以完成满放；
在满放完成后，基于预设阶梯电流，将动力电池阶梯恒流充电至第二荷电状态，以完成满充。
在一实施例中，测试模块10，还用于将可变温箱设置为温度动态循环模式，进行温度循环测试，基于第一静置时间对动力电池进行静置处理；
在静置完成后，基于第二预设放电倍率，将第二荷电状态的动力电池放电至第三荷电状态。
在一实施例中，测试模块10，还用于在预设循环工况下，基于第三预设放电倍率将动力电池放电至第四荷电状态，并基于第二静置时间对动力电池进行静置处理；
基于快速充电策略将动力电池充电至第三荷电状态，并基于第三静置时间对动力电池进行静置处理；
更新循环次数，重复执行上述步骤，直至循环次数满足预设循环次数。
在一实施例中，测试模块10，还用于在充放电循环测试完成后，基于第四预设放电倍率，将动力电池放电至放电截止电压；
在可变温箱设置为恒温模式且温度调整为室温后，基于第四静置时间对动力电池进行静置处理；
在静置完成后，基于第五预设放电倍率，将动力电池放电至第一荷电状态，以完成满放。
在一实施例中，评价模块20，还用于获取温度修正因子、倍率修正因子以及充放电测试中充放电设备记录的充放电电流数据、充放电时间数据与荷电状态数据；
获取温度修正因子、倍率修正因子、充放电电流数据、充放电时间数据、荷电状态数据、电池额定容量与荷电状态安时积分值之间的第一对应关系；
基于温度修正因子、倍率修正因子、充放电电流数据、充放电时间数据、荷电状态数据、电池额定容量以及第一对应关系，得到荷电状态安时积分值；
获取动力电池管理系统获得的荷电状态BMS值，将荷电状态安时积分值与荷电状态BMS值的差值作为荷电状态相对误差。
在一实施例中，评价模块20，还用于获取电池温度数据、可变温箱的温度、电池工作温度阈值、电池特性修正参数与温度修正因子之间的第二对应关系；
基于电池温度数据、可变温箱的温度、电池工作温度阈值、电池特性修正参数以及第二对应关系，得到温度修正因子；
获取电池温度数据、可变温箱的温度、电池工作温度阈值、充放电电流数据、电池额定容量、电池峰值充放电电流、电池温度修正系数、环境温度修正系数、充放电电流修正系数与倍率修正因子之间的第三对应关系；
基于电池温度数据、可变温箱的温度、电池工作温度阈值、充放电电流数据、电池额定容量、电池峰值充放电电流、电池温度修正系数、环境温度修正系数、充放电电流修正系数以及第三对应关系，得到倍率修正因子。
在一实施例中，评价模块20，还用于在充放电循环测试的荷电状态相对误差大于预设误差阈值时，确定充放电循环测试的荷电状态评价结果为精度不满足要求，对动力电池管理系统进行荷电状态修正，以提升动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度；
在充放电整体测试的荷电状态相对误差大于预设误差阈值时，确定充放电整体测试的荷电状态评价结果为精度不满足要求，对动力电池管理系统进行荷电状态修正，以提升动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度。
本申请提供的提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试装置，采用上述实施例中的提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法，能够解决动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算的计算方法复杂，精度不足的技术问题。与现有技术相比，本申请提供的提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试装置的有益效果与上述实施例提供的提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法的有益效果相同，且提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试装置中的其他技术特征与上述实施例方法公开的特征相同，在此不做赘述。
本申请提供一种提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试设备，提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试设备包括：至少一个处理器；以及，与至少一个处理器通信连接的存储器；其中，存储器存储有可被至少一个处理器执行的指令，指令被至少一个处理器执行，以使至少一个处理器能够执行上述实施例一中的提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法。下面参考图8，其示出了适于用来实现本申请实施例的提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试设备的结构示意图。本申请实施例中的提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试设备可以包括但不限于诸如移动电话、笔记本电脑、数字广播接收器、个人数字助理、平板电脑、便携式多媒体播放器、车载终端(例如车载导航终端)等等的移动终端以及诸如数字TV、台式计算机等等的固定终端。图8示出的提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试设备仅仅是一个示例，不应对本申请实施例的功能和使用范围带来任何限制。
如图8所示，提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试设备可以包括处理装置1001(例如中央处理器、图形处理器等)，其可以根据存储在只读存储器(ROM：Read Only Memory)1002中的程序或者从存储装置1003加载到随机访问存储器(RAM：Random Access Memory)1004中的程序而执行各种适当的动作和处理。在RAM1004中，还存储有提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试设备操作所需的各种程序和数据。处理装置1001、ROM1002以及RAM1004通过总线1005彼此相连。输入/输出(I/O)接口1006也连接至总线。通常，以下系统可以连接至I/O接口1006：包括例如触摸屏、触摸板、键盘、鼠标、图像传感器、麦克风、加速度计、陀螺仪等的输入装置1007；包括例如液晶显示器(LCD：Liquid Crystal Display)、扬声器、振动器等的输出装置1008；包括例如磁带、硬盘等的存储装置1003；以及通信装置1009。通信装置1009可以允许提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试设备与其他设备进行无线或有线通信以交换数据。虽然图中示出了具有各种系统的提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试设备，但是应理解的是，并不要求实施或具备所有示出的系统。可以替代地实施或具备更多或更少的系统。
根据本申请公开的实施例，上文参考流程图描述的过程可以被实现为计算机软件程序。例如，本申请公开的实施例包括一种计算机程序产品，其包括承载在计算机可读介质上的计算机程序，该计算机程序包含用于执行流程图所示的方法的程序代码。在这样的实施例中，该计算机程序可以通过通信装置从网络上被下载和安装，或者从存储装置1003被安装，或者从ROM1002被安装。在该计算机程序被处理装置1001执行时，执行本申请公开实施例的方法中限定的上述功能。
本申请提供的提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试设备，采用上述实施例中的提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法，能解决动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算的计算方法复杂，精度不足的技术问题。与现有技术相比，本申请提供的提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试设备的有益效果与上述实施例提供的提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法的有益效果相同，且该提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试设备中的其他技术特征与上一实施例方法公开的特征相同，在此不做赘述。
本申请提供一种计算机可读存储介质，具有存储在其上的计算机可读程序指令(即计算机程序)，计算机可读程序指令用于执行上述实施例中的提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法。
本申请提供的计算机可读存储介质例如可以是U盘，但不限于电、磁、光、电磁、红外线、或半导体的系统、系统或器件，或者任意以上的组合。计算机可读存储介质的更具体地例子可以包括但不限于：具有一个或多个导线的电连接、便携式计算机磁盘、硬盘、随机访问存储器(RAM：Random Access Memory)、只读存储器(ROM：Read Only Memory)、可擦式可编程只读存储器(EPROM：Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory或闪存)、光纤、便携式紧凑磁盘只读存储器(CD-ROM：CD-Read Only Memory)、光存储器件、磁存储器件、或者上述的任意合适的组合。在本实施例中，计算机可读存储介质可以是任何包含或存储程序的有形介质，该程序可以被指令执行系统、系统或者器件使用或者与其结合使用。计算机可读存储介质上包含的程序代码可以用任何适当的介质传输，包括但不限于：电线、光缆、RF(Radio Frequency：射频)等等，或者上述的任意合适的组合。上述计算机可读存储介质承载有一个或者多个程序，当上述一个或者多个程序被提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试设备执行时，使得提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试设备：在可变温箱设置为恒温模式且温度调整为室温后，将动力电池恒流放电至第一荷电状态，并阶梯恒流充电至第二荷电状态，以完成满放与满充；将可变温箱设置为温度动态循环模式，进行温度循环测试，将静置完成的动力电池放电至第三荷电状态；基于第三荷电状态与第四荷电状态，在预设循环工况下对动力电池进行充放电循环测试；在充放电循环测试完成后，将动力电池放电至第一荷电状态，以完成满放；基于充放电测试中充放电设备的荷电状态安时积分值以及动力电池管理系统获得的荷电状态BMS值，确定荷电状态相对误差；基于荷电状态相对误差，确定荷电状态评价结果，以提升动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度。
可以以一种或多种程序设计语言或其组合来编写用于执行本申请的操作的计算机程序代码，上述程序设计语言包括面向对象的程序设计语言—诸如Java、Smalltalk、C++，还包括常规的过程式程序设计语言—诸如“C”语言或类似的程序设计语言。程序代码可以完全地在用户计算机上执行、部分地在用户计算机上执行、作为一个独立的软件包执行、部分在用户计算机上部分在远程计算机上执行、或者完全在远程计算机或服务器上执行。在涉及远程计算机的情形中，远程计算机可以通过任意种类的网络——包括局域网(LAN：Local Area Network)或广域网(WAN：Wide Area Network)—连接到用户计算机，或者，可以连接到外部计算机(例如利用因特网服务提供商来通过因特网连接)。
附图中的流程图和框图，图示了按照本申请各种实施例的系统、方法和计算机程序产品的可能实现的体系架构、功能和操作。在这点上，流程图或框图中的每个方框可以代表一个模块、程序段、或代码的一部分，该模块、程序段、或代码的一部分包含一个或多个用于实现规定的逻辑功能的可执行指令。也应当注意，在有些作为替换的实现中，方框中所标注的功能也可以以不同于附图中所标注的顺序发生。
本申请提供的可读存储介质为计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质存储有用于执行上述提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法的计算机可读程序指令(即计算机程序)，能够解决动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算的计算方法复杂，精度不足的技术问题。与现有技术相比，本申请提供的计算机可读存储介质的有益效果与上述实施例提供的提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法的有益效果相同，在此不做赘述。
本申请还提供一种计算机程序产品，包括计算机程序，计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如上述的提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法的步骤。
本申请提供的计算机程序产品能够解决动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算的计算方法复杂，精度不足的技术问题。与现有技术相比，本申请提供的计算机程序产品的有益效果与上述实施例提供的提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法的有益效果相同，在此不做赘述。
以上仅为本申请的部分实施例，并非因此限制本申请的专利范围，凡是在本申请的技术构思下，利用本申请说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本申请的专利保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法，其中，应用于动力电池荷电估算精度的测试系统，所述动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试系统至少包括可变温箱、动力电池管理系统以及充放电设备，动力电池放置在所述可变温箱中，所述动力电池管理系统和充放电设备连接分别连接至所述动力电池，所述充放电设备用于对所述动力电池进行充放电测试并记录充放电测试中所述动力电池的荷电状态安时积分值，所述动力电池管理系统用于获取充放电测试中所述动力电池的荷电状态BMS值，所述提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法，包括：
    在所述可变温箱设置为恒温模式且温度调整为室温后，将所述动力电池恒流放电至第一荷电状态，并阶梯恒流充电至第二荷电状态，以完成满放与满充；
    将所述可变温箱设置为温度动态循环模式，进行温度循环测试，将静置完成的动力电池放电至第三荷电状态；
    基于所述第三荷电状态与第四荷电状态，在预设循环工况下对所述动力电池进行充放电循环测试；
    在充放电循环测试完成后，将所述动力电池放电至所述第一荷电状态，以完成满放；
    基于充放电测试中充放电设备的荷电状态安时积分值以及动力电池管理系统获得的荷电状态BMS值，确定荷电状态相对误差；
    基于所述荷电状态相对误差，确定荷电状态评价结果，以提升动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述在所述可变温箱设置为恒温模式且温度调整为室温后，将所述动力电池恒流放电至第一荷电状态，并阶梯恒流充电至第二荷电状态，以完成满放与满充的步骤包括：
    在所述可变温箱的温度调整为室温后，基于第一预设放电倍率，将所述动力电池恒流放电至第一荷电状态，以完成满放；
    在满放完成后，基于预设阶梯电流，将所述动力电池阶梯恒流充电至第二荷电状态，以完成满充。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述将所述可变温箱设置为温度动态循环模式，进行温度循环测试，将静置完成的动力电池放电至第三荷电状态的步骤包括：
    将所述可变温箱设置为温度动态循环模式，进行温度循环测试，基于第一静置时间对所述动力电池进行静置处理；
    在静置完成后，基于第二预设放电倍率，将第二荷电状态的动力电池放电至所述第三荷电状态。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述基于所述第三荷电状态与第四荷电状态，在预设循环工况下对所述动力电池进行充放电循环测试的步骤包括：
    在预设循环工况下，基于第三预设放电倍率将所述动力电池放电至所述第四荷电状态，并基于第二静置时间对所述动力电池进行静置处理；
    基于快速充电策略将所述动力电池充电至所述第三荷电状态，并基于第三静置时间对所述动力电池进行静置处理；
    更新循环次数，重复执行上述步骤，直至所述循环次数满足预设循环次数。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述在充放电循环测试完成后，将所述动力电池放电至所述第一荷电状态，以完成满放的步骤包括：
    在充放电循环测试完成后，基于第四预设放电倍率，将所述动力电池放电至放电截止电压；
    在所述可变温箱设置为恒温模式且温度调整为室温后，基于第四静置时间对所述动力电池进行静置处理；
    在静置完成后，基于第五预设放电倍率，将所述动力电池放电至所述第一荷电状态，以完成满放。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述基于充放电测试中充放电设备的荷电状态安时积分值以及动力电池管理系统获得的荷电状态BMS值，确定荷电状态相对误差的步骤包括：
    获取温度修正因子、倍率修正因子以及充放电测试中充放电设备记录的充放电电流数据、充放电时间数据与荷电状态数据；
    获取温度修正因子、倍率修正因子、充放电电流数据、充放电时间数据、荷电状态数据、电池额定容量与荷电状态安时积分值之间的第一对应关系；
    基于所述温度修正因子、所述倍率修正因子、所述充放电电流数据、所述充放电时间数据、所述荷电状态数据、电池额定容量以及所述第一对应关系，得到所述荷电状态安时积分值；
    获取所述动力电池管理系统获得的荷电状态BMS值，将所述荷电状态安时积分值与所述荷电状态BMS值的差值作为所述荷电状态相对误差。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的方法，其中，所述的方法还包括：
    获取电池温度数据、可变温箱的温度、电池工作温度阈值、电池特性修正参数与温度修正因子之间的第二对应关系；
    基于所述电池温度数据、所述可变温箱的温度、所述电池工作温度阈值、电池特性修正参数以及所述第二对应关系，得到所述温度修正因子；
    获取电池温度数据、可变温箱的温度、电池工作温度阈值、充放电电流数据、电池额定容量、电池峰值充放电电流、电池温度修正系数、环境温度修正系数、充放电电流修正系数与倍率修正因子之间的第三对应关系；
    基于所述电池温度数据、所述可变温箱的温度、所述电池工作温度阈值、所述充放电电流数据、所述电池额定容量、电池峰值充放电电流、电池温度修正系数、环境温度修正系数、充放电电流修正系数以及所述第三对应关系，得到所述倍率修正因子。
  8. 如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述荷电状态相对误差包括充放电循环测试的荷电状态相对误差以及充放电整体测试的荷电状态相对误差；
    所述基于所述荷电状态相对误差，确定荷电状态评价结果，以提升动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度的步骤包括：
    在所述充放电循环测试的荷电状态相对误差大于预设误差阈值时，确定所述充放电循环测试的荷电状态评价结果为精度不满足要求，对所述动力电池管理系统进行荷电状态修正，以提升动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度；
    在所述充放电整体测试的荷电状态相对误差大于预设误差阈值时，确定所述充放电整体测试的荷电状态评价结果为精度不满足要求，对所述动力电池管理系统进行荷电状态修正，以提升动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度。
  9. 一种提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试装置，其中，所述装置包括：
    测试模块，用于在所述可变温箱设置为恒温模式且温度调整为室温后，将所述动力电池恒流放电至第一荷电状态，并阶梯恒流充电至第二荷电状态，以完成满放与满充；
    所述测试模块，还用于将所述可变温箱设置为温度动态循环模式，进行温度循环测试，将静置完成的动力电池放电至第三荷电状态；
    所述测试模块，还用于基于所述第三荷电状态与第四荷电状态，在预设循环工况下对所述动力电池进行充放电循环测试；
    所述测试模块，还用于在充放电循环测试完成后，将所述动力电池放电至所述第一荷电状态，以完成满放；
    评价模块，用于基于充放电测试中充放电设备的荷电状态安时积分值以及动力电池管理系统获得的荷电状态BMS值，确定荷电状态相对误差；
    所述评价模块，还用于基于所述荷电状态相对误差，确定荷电状态评价结果，以提升动力电池管理系统的荷电状态估算精度。
  10. 一种提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试设备，其中，所述设备包括存储器、处理器及存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的上运行的计算机程序，所述计算机程序配置为实现如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法的步骤。
PCT/CN2024/119157 2024-07-22 2024-09-14 提升动力电池荷电状态估算精度的测试方法、装置及设备 Pending WO2026020573A1 (zh)

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