WO2026016451A1 - 隔离膜、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置 - Google Patents

隔离膜、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置

Info

Publication number
WO2026016451A1
WO2026016451A1 PCT/CN2025/074969 CN2025074969W WO2026016451A1 WO 2026016451 A1 WO2026016451 A1 WO 2026016451A1 CN 2025074969 W CN2025074969 W CN 2025074969W WO 2026016451 A1 WO2026016451 A1 WO 2026016451A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
formaldehyde
structural units
organic particles
etherified melamine
melamine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2025/074969
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李雷
郑卫
刘凤萍
李欣雨
郑义
石长川
孙成栋
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Publication of WO2026016451A1 publication Critical patent/WO2026016451A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411Organic material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/449Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/489Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
    • H01M50/491Porosity
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the volume distribution particle size Dv50 of the organic particles is less than 1 ⁇ m, and can be selected as 50 nm-850 nm.
  • the organic particles disclosed herein have no melting point, indicating that the organic particles have good heat resistance and thermal stability. This allows them to better resist the thermal shrinkage of the porous base film, improve the heat resistance of the separator, and enhance the reliability of the secondary battery cell.
  • the etherified melamine-formaldehyde-polyamine amide polymer and its derivatives include one or more of the following: methyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde-glyoxalamide polymer, methyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde-malonamide polymer, methyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde-isophthalimide polymer, and butyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde-glyoxalamide polymer.
  • the styrene or styrene derivative structural unit includes one or more of the following: styrene structural unit, 1-methyl-1-styrene structural unit, 4-methylstyrene structural unit, 2-methylstyrene structural unit, 2,4-dimethylstyrene structural unit, and 2,5-dimethylstyrene structural unit.
  • the volume distribution particle size Dv50 of the cross-linked styrene organic particles is 86 nm-300 nm.
  • the ratio of the volume distribution particle size Dv50 of the organic particles to the average pore size of the porous base membrane is greater than or equal to 1.1.
  • the organic particles contain 50%-99% by mass of the total mass of the coating.
  • the battery cell assembly can be a battery module, which can be housed in a housing by fixing the battery module in the housing.
  • battery cell assemblies can also be housed in a housing by directly fixing multiple secondary battery cells to the housing.
  • the enclosure may include a first enclosure and a second enclosure.
  • the first enclosure and the second enclosure are fastened together to form a closed space inside the enclosure to house the individual battery cells.
  • closed refers to covering or closing, and can be either sealed or unsealed.
  • the first enclosure may be a top cover or a bottom plate.
  • the enclosure may include a top cover, a frame, and a bottom plate.
  • the top cover and bottom plate are connected to the frame, creating an enclosed space inside the enclosure to house the individual battery cells.
  • the housing may be part of the vehicle's chassis structure.
  • a portion of the housing may be at least a part of the vehicle's floor, or a portion of the housing may be at least a part of the vehicle's crossbeams and longitudinal beams.
  • the technical solutions described in this disclosure are applicable to various electrical devices that use secondary battery cells or battery devices, such as, but not limited to, mobile devices (e.g., mobile phones, tablets, laptops, etc.), electric vehicles (e.g., pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, electric bicycles, electric scooters, electric golf carts, electric trucks, etc.), electric trains, ships and satellites, energy storage systems, etc. Secondary battery cells and battery devices are used to store or provide electrical energy.
  • mobile devices e.g., mobile phones, tablets, laptops, etc.
  • electric vehicles e.g., pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, electric bicycles, electric scooters, electric golf carts, electric trucks, etc.
  • Electric trains ships and satellites, energy storage systems, etc.
  • Secondary battery cells and battery devices are used to store or provide electrical energy.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an example electrical device.
  • This electrical device is a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, or a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, etc.
  • the "organic particles" in the coating of the release liner primarily serve to improve heat resistance and have virtually no adhesive properties.
  • the separator is a crucial component supporting the electrochemical processes of charging and discharging in a secondary battery cell.
  • Commonly used separators are mostly made of polyolefin materials; however, these materials have low glass transition temperatures and exhibit significant thermal shrinkage upon heating.
  • boehmite or alumina is often used as a heat-resistant filler and binder to construct the coating. Boehmite and alumina have high densities; for the same packing volume, their mass is greater than other materials, thus affecting the energy density of the secondary battery cell.
  • This disclosure provides a separator that enables secondary battery cells to have high energy density, low internal resistance, and good kinetic performance.
  • the separator provided in this embodiment includes a porous base membrane and a coating located on at least one side of the porous base membrane.
  • the coating includes organic particles and a binder.
  • the organic particles have a swelling degree of less than or equal to 3% after being immersed in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate in a volume ratio of 3:7 at 60°C for 7 days.
  • Both the porous base membrane and the coating have a porous structure, which gives the separator good air permeability and facilitates ion passage.
  • the organic particles in the coating are interconnected and fixed by a binder, and the gaps between the organic particles can form a porous structure.
  • Organic particles have a low density, and secondary battery cells using them can have a higher mass energy density.
  • the preparation of secondary battery cells requires the addition of an electrolyte, which includes electrolyte salts and organic solvents.
  • the swelling behavior of organic particles in the electrolyte is dominated by ion energy, while the swelling behavior of organic particles in organic solvents is more significantly affected by mixing energy.
  • organic solvent molecules are small and easily penetrate the molecular chains of heat-resistant organic particles, causing swelling in unstable areas.
  • conventional organic particles exhibit high swelling degrees in organic solvents, and the high swelling degree of organic particles in the coating leads to decreased air permeability of the separator during the use of the secondary battery cell, increasing the internal resistance of the cell.
  • the swelling degree of organic particles in the coating of the separator in the organic solvent is less than or equal to 3%, resulting in high structural stability during long-term use of the secondary battery cell, thereby improving the problem of decreased air permeability of the separator during use.
  • the separator has good air permeability, resulting in lower internal resistance and better kinetic performance in the secondary battery cell.
  • the separator of the present disclosure embodiment can enable secondary battery cells to have high energy density, low internal resistance and good dynamic performance.
  • the swelling degree of organic particles soaked in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate in a volume ratio of 3:7 at 60°C for 7 days can be less than or equal to 2.5%, less than or equal to 2%, less than or equal to 1.8%, and less than or equal to 1.5%.
  • Swelling degree (mass of organic particles after soaking - initial mass of organic particles) / initial mass of organic particles ⁇ 100%.
  • the solvent is a mixed solvent obtained by mixing ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) in a volume ratio of 3:7.
  • the true density of the organic particles can be 1.0 g/ cm3 - 2.0 g/ cm3 .
  • the true density of the organic particles can be 1.0 g/ cm3 - 1.8 g/ cm3 .
  • the true density of inorganic particles such as boehmite and alumina is typically 2.5 g/ cm3 to 3.5 g/ cm3 .
  • the organic particles disclosed in this invention have a lower true density, thereby enabling secondary battery cells using the separator of this invention to achieve higher mass energy density.
  • the volume distribution particle size Dv50 of the organic particles is less than 1 ⁇ m, and can be selected as 50 nm-850 nm or 86 nm-850 nm.
  • the organic particles disclosed herein are poorly soluble in both water and organic solvents, such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), dichloromethane (DCM), dimethylformamide (DMF), trichlorobenzene (TCB), and chloroform, at 25°C. They are also insoluble in the mobile phase used in gel permeation chromatography and their molecular weight cannot be determined by gel permeation chromatography.
  • organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), dichloromethane (DCM), dimethylformamide (DMF), trichlorobenzene (TCB), and chloroform
  • the organic particles disclosed herein are amorphous polymers.
  • the organic particles have no melting point.
  • Melting point can be tested as follows: Take an appropriate amount of sample (e.g., 5mg-15mg) and place it in the crucible of a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), level it, and cover the crucible. Parameter settings: nitrogen atmosphere, purge gas 60mL/min, protective gas 20mL/min; program settings: heat from 25°C to 200°C at a heating rate of 10°C/min, hold for 5min to eliminate thermal history, then cool from 200°C to -40°C at a cooling rate of 10°C/min, and then heat to 300°C at a heating rate of 10°C/min. The DSC curve is used to determine whether the organic particles have a melting point below 300°C.
  • DSC differential scanning calorimeter
  • Organic particles have no melting point, meaning that the DSC curve of organic particles does not have a melting peak.
  • the organic particles may include one or more of the following: phenolic resin organic particles, polymer particles containing triazine ring structural units, cross-linked styrene organic particles, and silicon-containing organic resin particles.
  • the phenolic resin organic particles are thermosetting resin polymers.
  • the phenolic resin organic particles are thermosetting propylene resin polymers.
  • the raw materials for phenolic resin organic particles may include phenolic compounds and aldehyde compounds.
  • the phenolic compounds may include one or more of phenol, hydroquinone, resorcinol, catechol, cresol, and cashew nut shell powder.
  • the aldehyde compounds may include one or more of formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, glyoxal, and furfural.
  • phenolic resin organic particles have no glass transition temperature below 300°C.
  • Phenolic resin organic particles have no glass transition temperature below 300°C, indicating that the organic particles have good heat resistance and thermal stability. This allows them to better resist the thermal shrinkage of porous base films, improve the heat resistance of separators, and enhance the reliability of secondary battery cells.
  • the volume distribution particle size Dv50 of phenolic resin organic particles can be 220nm-850nm.
  • the volume distribution particle size Dv50 of phenolic resin organic particles within the above range is beneficial for the separator to have good heat resistance and air permeability.
  • Phenolic resin materials generally exhibit significant swelling in organic solvents, which fails to meet the requirements of separators. Therefore, this disclosure provides phenolic resin organic particles whose swelling degree after immersion at 60°C for 7 days in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate in a volume ratio of 3:7 is less than or equal to 3%. This disclosure also provides a method for preparing these phenolic resin organic particles.
  • the method for preparing phenolic resin organic particles includes the following steps: providing a primary phenolic resin material; curing the primary phenolic resin material at a first temperature and a first atmosphere for a first time, then curing it at a second temperature and a second atmosphere for a second time, followed by crushing to obtain phenolic resin organic particles.
  • the first temperature is 115°C-180°C
  • the second temperature is 210°C-290°C.
  • the preparation method provided in this embodiment is simple and does not require complex operations, thus also having low production costs.
  • the phenolic resin organic particles prepared in this disclosure are thermosetting propylene resin polymers.
  • the first temperature is 115°C-180°C, for example, it can be 115°C, 120°C, 125°C, 130°C, 135°C, 140°C, 145°C, 150°C, 155°C, 160°C, 165°C, 170°C, 175°C, 180°C, or any range of the above values.
  • the curing of methyl phenolic resin materials in the first stage can be more uniform and complete, thereby yielding phenolic resin organic particles with smaller swelling.
  • the first temperature can be 120°C-175°C or 120°C-170°C.
  • the second temperature is 210°C-290°C, for example, it can be 210°C, 215°C, 220°C, 225°C, 230°C, 235°C, 240°C, 245°C, 250°C, 255°C, 260°C, 265°C, 270°C, 275°C, 280°C, 285°C, 290°C, or any range of the above values.
  • the second temperature within the above range, can prevent the phenolic resin organic particles from denaturing (such as degrading) while allowing them to solidify more fully and with less swelling.
  • the second temperature can be 225°C-290°C, 225°C-280°C, 235°C-290°C, or 235°C-280°C.
  • the first time can be 1h-4h, for example, it can be 1h, 1.2h, 1.4h, 1.6h, 1.8h, 2h, 2.2h, 2.4h, 2.6h, 2.8h, 3h, 3.2h, 3.4h, 3.6h, 3.8h, 4h, or any range of the above values.
  • the curing of methyl phenolic resin materials in the first stage can be more uniform and complete, thereby obtaining phenolic resin organic particles with smaller swelling.
  • the second time can be 2h-6h, for example, it can be 2h, 2.2h, 2.4h, 2.6h, 2.8h, 3h, 3.2h, 3.4h, 3.6h, 3.8h, 4h, 4.2h, 4.4h, 4.6h, 4.8h, 5h, 5.2h, 5.4h, 5.6h, 5.8h, 6h, or any range of the above values.
  • phenolic resin organic particles can be cured more fully and have less swelling.
  • the first atmosphere may be an inert gas atmosphere or an oxygen-containing atmosphere.
  • An oxygen-containing atmosphere may include oxygen and an inert gas.
  • the volume fraction of oxygen in the oxygen-containing atmosphere may be 5%-50%.
  • the inert gas may be one or more of nitrogen, argon, and helium, including but not limited to.
  • the first atmosphere is an oxygen-containing atmosphere, wherein the volume fraction of oxygen in the oxygen-containing atmosphere can be 10%-30%. More preferably, the first atmosphere can be an air atmosphere.
  • the second atmosphere may be an inert gas atmosphere or an oxygen-containing atmosphere.
  • An oxygen-containing atmosphere may include oxygen and an inert gas.
  • the volume fraction of oxygen in the oxygen-containing atmosphere may be 5%-50%.
  • the inert gas may be one or more of nitrogen, argon, and helium, including but not limited to.
  • the second atmosphere is an oxygen-containing atmosphere, wherein the volume fraction of oxygen in the oxygen-containing atmosphere can be 10%-30%. More preferably, the second atmosphere can be an air atmosphere.
  • the method for preparing phenolic resin organic particles may further include sieving and demagnetizing steps after crushing.
  • Amorphous phenolic resins are commercially available or synthesized using methods known in the art.
  • the preparation method of amorphous phenolic resins includes the following steps: reacting a phenolic compound and an aldehyde compound under the catalysis of an alkaline substance to obtain the amorphous phenolic resin.
  • the alkaline substance may include one or more of ammonia, NaOH, and Na2CO3 .
  • phenolic compounds may include one or more of phenol, hydroquinone, resorcinol, catechol, cresol, and cashew nut shellol.
  • aldehyde compounds may include one or more of formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, glyoxal, and furfural.
  • the polymer particles containing triazine ring structural units disclosed herein also include bridging structures connecting the triazine ring structural units.
  • Polymer particles containing triazine ring structural units have multiple triazine ring structural units in their molecular structure.
  • the bridging structure refers to the groups that connect the triazine ring structural units, and the bridging structures may be the same or different.
  • the bridging structure may include one or more of the following: alkylene, alkylene ether, alkylene amine, ester group, and amide group.
  • the bridging structure may include one or more of methylene, methylene ether, and methyleneamine.
  • the triazine ring structural units of the polymer particles containing triazine ring structural units may also have substituents, which may include one or more combinations of alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl, cycloalkyl, amino, hydroxyl, and halogen.
  • polymer particles containing triazine ring structural units may include at least one of the following: melamine aldehyde polymers and their derivatives, etherified melamine aldehyde polymers and their derivatives, etherified melamine aldehyde-polyol polymers and their derivatives, etherified melamine aldehyde-polycarboxylic acid polymers and their derivatives, and etherified melamine aldehyde-polyamine amide polymers and their derivatives.
  • melamine aldehyde polymers and their derivatives may include melamine formaldehyde polymers and their derivatives.
  • melamine-formaldehyde polymers and their derivatives may include one or more of the following: melamine-formaldehyde, benzyl melamine-formaldehyde, melamine-benzene melamine-formaldehyde, melamine-(2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine)formaldehyde, melamine-(6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine)formaldehyde, melamine-(2,4,6-triethylamino-1,3,5-triazine)formaldehyde, trihydrazine-triazine formaldehyde, melamine-(2-amino-4-methylamino-1,3,5-triazine)formaldehyde, and melamine-(2,4-diamino-6-dimethylamino-1,3,5-triazine)formaldehyde.
  • etherified melamine aldehyde polymers and their derivatives may include etherified melamine formaldehyde polymers and their derivatives.
  • etherified melamine aldehyde polymers and their derivatives may include methyl etherified melamine aldehyde polymers and their derivatives, diethyl etherified melamine aldehyde polymers and their derivatives, butyl etherified melamine aldehyde polymers and their derivatives, and methyl-butyl mixed etherified melamine aldehyde polymers and their derivatives.
  • the etherified melamine-formaldehyde polymers and their derivatives may include methyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde polymers and their derivatives, diethyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde polymers and their derivatives, butyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde polymers and their derivatives, and methyl-butyl mixed etherified melamine-formaldehyde polymers and their derivatives.
  • Etherified melamine aldehyde polymers and their derivatives may include one or more of partially etherified melamine aldehyde polymers and their derivatives, and fully etherified melamine aldehyde polymers and their derivatives.
  • etherified melamine aldehyde polymers and their derivatives may include fully etherified melamine aldehyde polymers and their derivatives.
  • etherified melamine aldehyde polymers and their derivatives may include one or more of methyl etherified melamine formaldehyde, butyl etherified melamine formaldehyde, methyl etherified benzyl melamine formaldehyde, and butyl etherified benzyl melamine formaldehyde.
  • Etherified melamine aldehyde-polyol polymers and their derivatives refer to the products of high-temperature crosslinking and curing reaction between etherified melamine aldehyde resin and polyol.
  • the molar ratio of etherified melamine aldehyde resin to polyol can be 1:2 to 1:6.
  • the polyol may include one or more of diols, triols, and tetraols.
  • the polyol may include one or more of ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, hexanediol, ethylbutyric acid, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyether polyols, and polyester polyols.
  • the polyol may include one or more of ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyester polyols.
  • the polyester polyol may include one or more of the following: polyethylene adipate diol, 1,4-butanediol adipate diol, propylene adipate diol, neopentyl adipate diol, neopentyl adipate-1,6-hexanediol adipate diol, hexanediol adipate diol, polycarbonate diol, and polycaprolactone diol.
  • the polyether polyol may include one or more of polyoxypropylene glycol, polyoxypropylene triol, and polytetrahydrofuran glycol.
  • the molecular weight of the polyester polyol can be below 5000, and optionally below 2000.
  • the molecular weight of the polyether polyol can be below 5000, and optionally below 2000.
  • the molecular weight of polyvinyl alcohol can be below 5000, and optionally below 2000.
  • the etherified melamine-formaldehyde-polyol polymer and its derivatives may include one or more of the following: methyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde-ethylene glycol polymer, methyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde-1,2-propylene glycol polymer, methyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde-1,4-butanediol polymer, methyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde-polyester polyol polymer, methyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde-polyvinyl alcohol polymer, butyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde-ethylene glycol polymer, butyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde-1,2-propylene glycol polymer, butyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde-1,4-butanediol polymer, and butyl etherified mel
  • the polycarboxylic acid may include one or more of dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, and tetracarboxylic acids.
  • the polycarboxylic acid may include one or more of oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, pyromellitic acid, trimellitic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, and 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid.
  • the polycarboxylic acid may include one or more of oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, phthalic acid, and terephthalic acid.
  • the etherified melamine-formaldehyde-polycarboxylic acid polymer and its derivatives may include one or more of the following: methyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde-oxalic acid polymer, methyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde-malonic acid polymer, methyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde-succinic acid polymer, methyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde-citric acid polymer, methyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde-phthalic acid polymer, butyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde-oxalic acid polymer, butyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde-malonic acid polymer, butyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde-citric acid polymer, butyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde-terephthalic acid polymer, and
  • the polyamide may include one or more of ethylene glycol, malonamide, succinamide, adipamide, and isophthalimide.
  • the polyamide may include one or more of ethylene glycol, malonamide, and isophthalimide.
  • the etherified melamine-formaldehyde-polyamine amide polymer and its derivatives may include one or more of the following: methyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde-glyoxalamide polymer, methyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde-malonamide polymer, methyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde-isophthalimide polymer, and butyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde-glyoxalamide polymer.
  • polymer particles containing triazine ring structural units have no glass transition temperature below 300°C.
  • Polymer particles containing triazine ring structural units have no glass transition temperature below 300°C, indicating that the organic particles have good heat resistance and thermal stability. This allows them to better resist the thermal shrinkage of porous base films, improve the heat resistance of separators, and enhance the reliability of secondary battery cells.
  • the volume distribution particle size Dv50 of polymer particles containing triazine ring structural units can be 220 nm-850 nm.
  • the volume distribution particle size Dv50 of polymer particles containing triazine ring structural units within the above range is beneficial for the separator to have good heat resistance and air permeability.
  • This disclosure provides polymer particles containing triazine ring structural units, wherein the swelling degree of these particles after immersion in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate in a volume ratio of 3:7 at 60°C for 7 days is less than or equal to 3%.
  • the embodiments of this disclosure also provide a method for preparing these polymer particles containing triazine ring structural units.
  • a method for preparing polymer particles containing triazine ring structural units includes the following steps: providing a precursor containing a triazine ring structure; heating and curing the precursor containing a triazine ring structure in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, followed by crushing, to obtain polymer particles containing triazine ring structural units; the heating and curing temperature is 180°C-280°C. After heating and curing, a bridging structure is formed between the triazine ring structural units in the precursor containing the triazine ring structure.
  • the temperature for heat curing is 180°C-280°C, for example, it can be 180°C, 190°C, 200°C, 210°C, 220°C, 225°C, 230°C, 235°C, 240°C, 245°C, 250°C, 255°C, 260°C, 265°C, 270°C, 275°C, 280°C, or any combination of the above values.
  • Heating and curing at temperatures within the above range is beneficial for obtaining polymer particles with good heat resistance and low swelling.
  • the heat curing temperature can be 200°C-280°C, 210°C-280°C, 220°C-280°C, 230°C-280°C, 200°C-270°C, 210°C-270°C, 220°C-270°C, or 230°C-270°C.
  • the heat curing time can be 2h-8h, for example, it can be 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 3.5h, 4h, 4.5h, 5h, 5.5h, 6h, 6.5h, 7h, 7.5h, 8h, or any range of the above values.
  • the heat curing time is 3h-8h.
  • the oxygen-containing atmosphere may include oxygen and an inert gas.
  • the inert gas may be one or more of nitrogen, argon, and helium, among others.
  • the volume fraction of oxygen in the oxygen-containing atmosphere may be 5%-50%.
  • the volume fraction of oxygen in the oxygen-containing atmosphere may be 10%-30%. More preferably, the oxygen-containing atmosphere may be an air atmosphere.
  • polymer particles containing triazine ring structural units may further include sieving and demagnetization steps after crushing.
  • the precursor containing a triazine ring structure may include a melamine aldehyde resin, which may be obtained by reacting an aldehyde compound with an amine-substituted triazine compound, wherein the amine-substituted triazine compound may include melamine and/or melamine derivatives.
  • the molar ratio of the aldehyde compound to the amine-substituted triazine compound may be 1.8:1-3:1, for example, 1.8:1, 1.9:1, 2:1, 2.1:1, 2.2:1, 2.3:1, 2.4:1, 2.5:1, 2.6:1, 2.7:1, 2.8:1, 2.9:1, 3:1, or any range of the above ratios. More preferably, the molar ratio of the aldehyde compound to the amine-substituted triazine compound may be 2:1-3:1, 2.1:1-3:1, 2.2:1-3:1, 2.3:1-3:1, or 2.4:1-3:1.
  • the precursor containing a triazine ring structure may include an etherified melamine aldehyde resin, which may be obtained by reacting an aldehyde compound, an amine-substituted triazine compound, and an alcohol compound.
  • the amine-substituted triazine compound may include melamine and/or melamine derivatives.
  • the molar ratio of the aldehyde compound to the amine-substituted triazine compound may be 5:1-7:1, for example, 5:1, 5.2:1, 5.4:1, 5.6:1, 5.8:1, 6:1, 6.2:1, 6.4:1, 6.6:1, 6.8:1, 7:1, or any range of the above ratios.
  • the molar ratio of the aldehyde compound to the amine-substituted triazine compound may be 5.4:1-7:1, 5.6:1-7:1, 5.8:1-7:1, 6:1-7:1, or 6.2:1-7:1.
  • the precursor containing the triazine ring structure comprises a mixture of etherified melamine aldehyde resin and polyol, wherein the molar ratio of the etherified melamine aldehyde resin to the polyol may be 1:2 to 1:6.
  • the precursor containing a triazine ring structure comprises a mixture of etherified melamine aldehyde resin and polycarboxylic acid, wherein the molar ratio of the etherified melamine aldehyde resin to the polycarboxylic acid can be 1:2 to 1:6.
  • the precursor containing the triazine ring structure comprises a mixture of etherified melamine aldehyde resin and polyamide, wherein the molar ratio of the etherified melamine aldehyde resin to the polyamide may be 1:2 to 1:6.
  • the alcohol compound that forms the etherified melamine aldehyde resin may include one or more of methanol, ethanol, and butanol.
  • the aldehyde compounds forming melamine aldehyde resins and etherified melamine aldehyde resins may include one or more of formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, glyoxal, and furfural.
  • the amine-substituted triazine compound forming melamine-formaldehyde resins and etherified melamine-formaldehyde resins may include one or more compounds of the following general formula: R1 and R2 are independently selected from H, -NH2 , and C1-C8 alkyl, respectively; R3 is selected from H, -NH2 , -NHR4 , C1-C8 alkyl, C2-C8 alkenyl, phenyl, C7-C12 alkylphenyl, C7-C12 phenylalkyl, and C5-C8 cycloalkyl; and R4 is selected from -NH2 and C1-C8 alkyl.
  • R3 is selected from -NH2 or -NHR4 .
  • the amine-substituted triazine compound may include melamine, benzomelamine, 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine, 6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine, 2,4,6-triethylamino-1,3,5-triazine, trihydrazine, 2-amino-4-methylamino-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-diamino-6-dimethylamino-1,3,5-triazine, 6-ethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine, 6-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine, 6-pentyl-2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine, 6-heptyl-2,4-diamino-triazine, 2-ethyl Alkenyl-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4,
  • the amine-substituted triazine compound may include one or more of melamine, benzomelamine, 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine, 6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine, 2,4,6-triethylamino-1,3,5-triazine, trihydrazine, 2-amino-4-methylamino-1,3,5-triazine, and 2,4-diamino-6-dimethylamino-1,3,5-triazine.
  • Etherified melamine-formaldehyde resins may include one or more of partially etherified and fully etherified melamine-formaldehyde resins.
  • etherified melamine-formaldehyde resins may include fully etherified melamine-formaldehyde resins.
  • etherified melamine aldehyde resins may include methyl etherified melamine aldehyde resins, diethyl etherified melamine aldehyde resins, butyl etherified melamine aldehyde resins, and methyl-butyl mixed etherified melamine aldehyde resins.
  • the etherified melamine-formaldehyde resin may include one or more of the following: methyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde resin, butyl etherified melamine-formaldehyde resin, methyl etherified benzyl melamine-formaldehyde resin, and butyl etherified benzyl melamine-formaldehyde resin.
  • the etherified melamine aldehyde resin may be in liquid form.
  • crosslinked styrene-based organic particles include styrene or styrene derivative structural units and crosslinked structural units.
  • the crosslinked structural units of crosslinked styrene-based organic particles refer to structural units used to connect the styrene or styrene derivative structural units.
  • the styrene or styrene derivative structural unit may include one or more of the following: styrene structural unit, 1-methyl-1-styrene structural unit, 4-methylstyrene structural unit, 2-methylstyrene structural unit, 2,4-dimethylstyrene structural unit, and 2,5-dimethylstyrene structural unit.
  • the crosslinking structural unit may include one or more of the following: divinylbenzene structural unit, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate structural unit, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate structural unit, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate structural unit, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate structural unit, 1,8-octanediol diacrylate structural unit, trimethylolpropane triacrylate structural unit, pentaerythritol trimethacrylate structural unit, tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate structural unit, tripropylene glycol diacrylate structural unit, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide structural unit, N,N'-vinylbisacrylamide structural unit, 1,3,5-triacryloylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine structural unit, and triallyl isocyanurate structural unit.
  • the glass transition temperature Tg of the cross-linked styrene organic particles can be 114°C-158°C.
  • Cross-linked styrene-based organic particles have a high glass transition temperature (Tg ) and good heat resistance and thermal stability. This allows them to better resist the thermal shrinkage of porous base films, improve the heat resistance of separators, and enhance the reliability of secondary battery cells.
  • Tg glass transition temperature
  • the volume distribution particle size Dv50 of cross-linked styrene organic particles can be 86 nm-300 nm.
  • volume distribution particle size Dv50 of cross-linked styrene organic particles is within the above range, it is beneficial for the separator to have good heat resistance and air permeability.
  • This disclosure provides a cross-linked styrene-based organic particle whose swelling degree after being immersed in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate in a volume ratio of 3:7 at 60°C for 7 days is less than or equal to 3%.
  • the embodiments of this disclosure also provide a method for preparing the cross-linked styrene-based organic particle.
  • the method for preparing crosslinked styrene-based organic particles includes the following steps: providing a pre-emulsion comprising monomers, crosslinking agents, emulsifiers, initiators, and water; carrying out an emulsion polymerization reaction under heating, inert gas protection, and stirring conditions to obtain crosslinked styrene-based organic particles; the monomers include one or more of styrene and its derivatives; the ripening temperature of the emulsion polymerization reaction is 72°C-88°C, and the ripening time of the emulsion polymerization reaction is 1h-5h.
  • the maturation temperature of the emulsion polymerization reaction is 72°C-88°C, for example, it can be 72°C, 73°C, 74°C, 75°C, 76°C, 77°C, 78°C, 79°C, 80°C, 81°C, 82°C, 83°C, 84°C, 85°C, 86°C, 87°C, 88°C, or any combination of the above values.
  • the maturation time for emulsion polymerization is 1-5 hours, for example, it can be 1 hour, 1.2 hours, 1.4 hours, 1.6 hours, 1.8 hours, 2 hours, 2.2 hours, 2.4 hours, 2.6 hours, 2.8 hours, 3 hours, 3.2 hours, 3.4 hours, 3.6 hours, 3.8 hours, 4 hours, 4.2 hours, 4.4 hours, 4.6 hours, 4.8 hours, 5 hours, or any range of the above values.
  • the heat resistance of cross-linked styrene organic particles can be improved and the swelling degree of cross-linked styrene organic particles can be reduced.
  • the emulsion polymerization reaction may include the following steps: adding a pre-emulsion dropwise into a reactor containing water under a first heating temperature, inert gas protection, and stirring conditions; after a first reaction time, raising the temperature to a ripening temperature for ripening reaction to obtain cross-linked styrene-based organic particles.
  • the first heating temperature can be 55°C-70°C.
  • the first time can be 3h-6h.
  • the monomer may include one or more of styrene, 1-methyl-1-styrene, 4-methylstyrene, 2-methylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, and 2,5-dimethylstyrene.
  • the crosslinking agent polymerizes with the monomer to form crosslinked structural units of crosslinked styrene-based organic particles.
  • the crosslinking agent may include one or more of the following: divinylbenzene, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,8-octanediol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol trimethacrylate, tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide, N,N'-vinylbisacrylamide, 1,3,5-triacryloylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, and triallyl isocyanurate.
  • the crosslinking agent may include one or more of divinylbenzene, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide, and N,N'-vinylbisacrylamide.
  • the mass fraction of the crosslinking agent can be 8%-35% based on the total mass of the monomer and the crosslinking agent as 100%, for example, it can be 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 22%, 24%, 26%, 28%, 30%, 32%, 35%, or any range of the above values.
  • the mass fraction of the crosslinking agent can be 11%-35%.
  • the emulsifier may include, but is not limited to, one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, fatty acid sorbitan, polysorbate, sodium polyacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene ether emulsifier, cellulose and its derivatives.
  • the polyoxyethylene ether emulsifier may include OP-type emulsifiers, such as OP-4, OP-7, OP-10, OP-15, OP-20, etc.
  • OP-type emulsifiers such as OP-4, OP-7, OP-10, OP-15, OP-20, etc.
  • the method for preparing cross-linked styrene-based organic particles may further include a demagnetization treatment step after the emulsion polymerization reaction is completed.
  • the silicon-containing organic resin particles are silicon-containing organic cross-linked resin particles, which contain carbon-carbon bonds and silicon-oxygen structures.
  • the silicon-containing organic resin particles have a network structure with carbon-carbon bonds as the main chain and silicon-oxygen structures in the side chains.
  • the silicon-containing organic resin particles have a network structure with carbon-carbon bonds as the main chain and side chains containing silicon-oxygen structures and benzene ring structures.
  • the silicon-containing organic crosslinked resin particles include crosslinked structural units.
  • the crosslinked structural units of the silicon-containing organic crosslinked resin particles refer to silicon-free structural units used to connect the silicon-containing structural units.
  • the crosslinking structural unit may include a divinylbenzene structural unit, a diethylene glycol divinyl ether structural unit, a triethylene glycol divinyl ether structural unit, a diallyl maleate structural unit, an ethylene glycol dimethacrylate structural unit, a 1,4-butanediol diacrylate structural unit, a 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate structural unit, a 1,8-octanediol diacrylate structural unit, a trimethylolpropane triacrylate structural unit, a pentaerythritol trimethacrylate structural unit, a tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate structural unit, and a diethylene glycol dimethacrylate structural unit.
  • a divinylbenzene structural unit a diethylene glycol divinyl ether structural unit, a triethylene glycol divinyl ether structural unit, a diallyl maleate structural unit, an ethylene glycol dimethacrylate structural
  • the structural unit comprises one or more of the following: tripropylene glycol diacrylate, 2,2,4-trimethyladipyl di[2-ethylaziridinium], 1,1-azeloyl di[2-methylaziridinium], 1,1-(1,3-phenylene dicarbonyl) di[2-methylaziridinium], trimethylolpropane tris(2-methyl-1-aziridinium propionate), trimethylolpropane tris[3-(2-methylaziridinium)propionate], and pentaerythritol tris(3-aziridinium)propionate.
  • the raw materials for silicon-containing organic resin particles may include monomers and multifunctional crosslinking agents.
  • Monomers may include silane coupling agents containing alkenyl and/or acryloyloxy groups.
  • monomers include vinyl silane coupling agents and/or acryloyloxy silane coupling agents.
  • the multifunctional crosslinking agent polymerizes with the monomer to form the crosslinked structural units of the silicon-containing organic crosslinked resin particles.
  • the crosslinking agent may include one or more of the following: divinylbenzene, diethylene glycol divinyl ether, triethylene glycol divinyl ether, diallyl maleate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,8-octanediol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol trimethacrylate, tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, 2,2,4-trimethyladipyl di[2-ethylaziridinium], 1,1-nonaiyl di[2-methylaziridinium], 1,1-(1,3-phenylene dicarbonyl)di[2-methylaziridinium], trimethylolpropane tris(2-methyl-1-aziridinium propionate), trimethylolpropane tris
  • the silicone-containing organic resin particles have no glass transition temperature below 300°C.
  • Silicon-containing organic resin particles have no glass transition temperature below 300°C, indicating that they have good heat resistance and thermal stability. This allows them to better resist the thermal shrinkage of porous base films, improve the heat resistance of separators, and enhance the reliability of secondary battery cells.
  • the volume distribution particle size Dv50 of the silicon-containing organic resin particles can be 86nm-300nm.
  • the volume distribution particle size Dv50 of the silicone organic resin particles is within the above range, which is beneficial for the separator to have good heat resistance and air permeability.
  • This disclosure provides silicon-containing organic resin particles whose swelling degree after being soaked in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate in a volume ratio of 3:7 at 60°C for 7 days is less than or equal to 3%. Embodiments of this disclosure also provide a method for preparing the silicon-containing organic resin particles.
  • the method for preparing silicone-containing organic resin particles includes the following steps: providing a pre-emulsion comprising monomers, multifunctional crosslinking agents, emulsifiers, initiators, and water; carrying out an emulsion polymerization reaction under heating, inert gas protection, and stirring conditions to obtain silicone-containing organic resin particles; the heating temperature during the curing stage of the emulsion polymerization reaction is 80°C-92°C; the heating time during the curing stage of the emulsion polymerization reaction is 2h-5h; and the monomers include silane coupling agents containing alkenyl groups and/or acryloyloxy groups.
  • the monomers include silane coupling agents containing alkenyl and/or acryloyloxy groups, thus initiating free radical generation and cross-linking reactions between monomers. Furthermore, the monomers also undergo cross-linking reactions with multifunctional cross-linking agents. Therefore, using the monomers and cross-linking agents disclosed herein as raw materials, three-dimensional network structure silicon-containing organic resin particles can be formed. These particles are not easily softened or deformed at high temperatures, exhibiting high heat resistance and lower swelling degree.
  • the heating temperature during the ripening stage of the emulsion polymerization reaction is 80°C-92°C, for example, it can be 80°C, 81°C, 82°C, 83°C, 84°C, 85°C, 86°C, 87°C, 88°C, 89°C, 90°C, 91°C, 92°C, or any combination of the above values.
  • the heating time for the ripening stage of the emulsion polymerization reaction is 2h-5h, for example, it can be 2h, 2.2h, 2.4h, 2.6h, 2.8h, 3h, 3.2h, 3.4h, 3.6h, 3.8h, 4h, 4.2h, 4.4h, 4.6h, 4.8h, 5h, or any range of the above values.
  • the reaction can be made more complete, thereby improving the heat resistance of the silicone organic resin particles and reducing the swelling degree of the silicone organic resin particles.
  • the emulsion polymerization reaction may include the following steps: adding a pre-emulsion dropwise into a reactor containing water under a second heating temperature, inert gas protection, and stirring conditions; after a second reaction time, raising the temperature to the heating temperature of the maturation stage to carry out a maturation reaction, thereby obtaining silicon-containing organic resin particles.
  • the second heating temperature can be 55°C-70°C.
  • the second time can be 3h-6h.
  • the mass fraction of the multifunctional crosslinker can be 4%-14% based on the total mass of the monomer and the multifunctional crosslinker as 100%, for example, it can be 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, or any range of the above values.
  • the mass fraction of the multifunctional crosslinking agent is within the above range, the heat resistance of the silicon-containing organic resin particles can be further improved and the swelling degree of the silicon-containing organic resin particles can be further reduced.
  • the monomer may include a vinylsilane coupling agent and/or an acryloyloxysilane coupling agent.
  • the monomer may include ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltris(trimethylsiloxane), (3-acryloxypropyl)tris(trimethylsiloxy)silane, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, acryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltriisopropoxysilane, 3-(acryloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltris(methoxyethoxy)silane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, 7-octenyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriisopropoxysilane, tri-tert-butoxyvinylsilane, vinyltri...
  • ( ⁇ -methoxyethoxy)silane ethylenetri[(1-methylvinyl)oxy]silane, vinyltritert-butylperoxysilane, 3-methacryloyloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-acryloyloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, methacryloyloxypropyldimethylmethoxysilane, (3-acryloyloxy)dimethylmethoxysilane, 3-methacryloyloxypropyldimethylethoxysilane, diethylmethylvinylsilane, vinyldimethylethoxysilane, methylvinyldiethoxysilane, vinylmethyldimethoxysilane, vinylmethyldiethoxysilane, methylvinyldimethoxysilane, and 3-(methacryloyloxy)propylmethyldiethoxysilane.
  • a monomer may include a first monomer and a second monomer.
  • the first monomer may include one or more of the following: ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltris(trimethylsiloxane), (3-acryloxypropyl)tris(trimethylsiloxy)silane, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, acryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltriisopropoxysilane, 3-(acryloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltris(methoxyethoxy)silane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, 7-octenyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriisopropoxysilane, tritert-butoxyvinylsilane, vinyltris( ⁇ -methoxyethoxy)silane, ethylenetris[(1-methyl
  • the second monomer may include one or more of the following: 3-methacryloyloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-acryloyloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, methacryloyloxypropyldimethylmethoxysilane, (3-acryloyloxy)dimethylmethoxysilane, 3-methacryloyloxypropyldimethylethoxysilane, diethylmethylvinylsilane, vinyldimethylethoxysilane, methylvinyldiethoxysilane, vinylmethyldimethoxysilane, vinylmethyldiethoxysilane, methylvinyldimethoxysilane, and 3-(methacryloyloxy)propylmethyldiethoxysilane.
  • the first and second monomers have different activities. By combining them and reacting them with a crosslinking agent, silicone organic resin particles with a narrow particle size distribution can be obtained.
  • the emulsifier may be one or more of alkyl sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, Tween emulsifiers, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers, fatty alcohol polyoxypropylene ethers, cetearyl alcohol polyethers, and oleyl alcohol polyethers.
  • the emulsifier may include one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, Tween 20, Tween 40, lauryl ether-7, lauryl ether-9, lauryl ether-10, and oleyl ether-10.
  • the initiator may be one or more of sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisobutyramidine hydrochloride, azobisisobutyramidine imidazoline hydrochloride, and azobisisopropylimidazoline.
  • the preemulsion may further include a pH adjuster.
  • the pH adjuster may include, but is not limited to, one or more of sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, ammonia, etc.
  • the glass transition temperature Tg can be tested as follows: Take an appropriate amount of sample (e.g., 5mg-15mg) and place it in the crucible of a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), level it, and cover the crucible. Parameter settings: nitrogen atmosphere, purge gas 60mL/min, protective gas 20mL/min; program settings: heat from 25°C to 200°C at a heating rate of 10°C/min, hold for 5min to eliminate thermal history, then cool from 200°C to -40°C at a cooling rate of 10°C/min, and then heat to 300°C at a heating rate of 10°C/min.
  • the glass transition temperature Tg of the organic particles can be obtained through the DSC curve, or it can be used to determine whether the organic particles have a glass transition temperature Tg .
  • the glass transition temperature Tg refers to the transition temperature from the glassy state to the elastic state, which exhibits a step-like change on the DSC curve.
  • Dv50 represents the particle size corresponding to a cumulative volumetric distribution percentage of 50% for the material. It can be measured using a laser particle size analyzer, referring to GB/T 19077-2016. During testing, add 1g of the sample to a clean small beaker, along with 20ml of deionized water. Sonicate at 53kHz/120W for 5 minutes to ensure complete dispersion. Turn on the laser particle size analyzer, clean the optical path system, and automatically test the background. Stir the sonicated solution to ensure uniform dispersion, then place it in the sample cell as required and begin measuring the particle size. A MasterSizer 3000 laser particle size analyzer can be used as the testing instrument.
  • the organic particle content in the coating may be 50%-99% based on the total mass of the coating.
  • the binder in the coating may include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following: polyacrylate binders, nitrile rubber binders, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide (PAM), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium alginate (SA), and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS).
  • polyacrylate binders polyacrylate binders
  • nitrile rubber binders polyacrylic acid
  • polymethacrylic acid sodium polyacrylate
  • PAM polyacrylamide
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • SA sodium alginate
  • CMCS carboxymethyl chitosan
  • the coating may also include a dispersant, such as, but not limited to, polyacrylic acid dispersants or carboxymethyl cellulose dispersants.
  • a dispersant such as, but not limited to, polyacrylic acid dispersants or carboxymethyl cellulose dispersants.
  • the dispersant may include, but is not limited to, one or more of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate, and ammonium polyacrylate.
  • the separator may further include polymer binder particles. These polymer binder particles serve to improve the adhesion between the separator and the electrode, and they are essentially not heat-resistant.
  • polymer binder particles may be embedded in organic particles and form protrusions on the coating surface.
  • the coating of the separator includes a heat-resistant layer and an adhesive layer, the heat-resistant layer being disposed on one side of the porous base membrane, the adhesive layer being disposed on at least a portion of the surface of the other side of the porous base membrane, organic particles being disposed in the heat-resistant layer, and polymer binder particles being disposed in the adhesive layer.
  • the average particle size of the polymer binder particles can be 6 ⁇ m-18 ⁇ m.
  • the average particle size of the test particles can be tested as follows: Using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) according to JY/T 010-1996, obtain an SEM image of the separator. Randomly select a test sample with dimensions of 50mm x 100mm on the separator. Randomly select multiple test areas (e.g., 5 areas) within the test sample, and read the particle size of the test particles in each test area at a certain magnification (e.g., 500x or higher). Count the number and particle size values of the test particles in each test area, and take the arithmetic mean of the particle sizes in all test areas as the average particle size.
  • SEM scanning electron microscope
  • test samples e.g. 10 samples
  • the testing instrument can be a ZEISS Sigma 300. It should be noted that when the test particles are irregularly shaped, the distance between the two farthest points on the test particle should be taken as the particle size.
  • the polymer binder particles may include vinylidene fluoride polymer particles, such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) particles and/or copolymer particles of vinylidene fluoride monomer and comonomer.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • Comonomers may include at least one of olefin monomers, fluorinated olefin monomers, chlorinated olefin monomers, acrylate monomers, acrylic monomers, and fluoroether monomers.
  • the comonomer may include at least one of the following: trifluoroethylene, trifluorochloroethylene, 1,2-difluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoro(alkyl vinyl) ether (e.g., perfluoro(methyl vinyl) ether, perfluoro(ethyl vinyl) ether, perfluoro(propyl vinyl) ether), perfluoro(1,3-m-dioxacyclopentene), and perfluoro(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-m-dioxacyclopentene).
  • perfluoro(alkyl vinyl) ether e.g., perfluoro(methyl vinyl) ether, perfluoro(ethyl vinyl) ether, perfluoro(propyl vinyl) ether
  • perfluoro(1,3-m-dioxacyclopentene) perfluoro(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-
  • the coating thickness can be 0.5 ⁇ m-5 ⁇ m.
  • the coating thickness refers to the thickness of the coating on one side of the porous base membrane.
  • the coating thickness can be 0.5 ⁇ m-4 ⁇ m, 0.5 ⁇ m-3 ⁇ m, 0.5 ⁇ m-2 ⁇ m, 0.6 ⁇ m-4 ⁇ m, 0.6 ⁇ m-3 ⁇ m, 0.6 ⁇ m-2 ⁇ m, 0.8 ⁇ m-4 ⁇ m, 0.8 ⁇ m-3 ⁇ m, or 0.8 ⁇ m-2 ⁇ m.
  • the areal density of the coating can be 0.45 g/ m2 - 5 g/ m2 .
  • the porous base membrane may comprise a membrane or nonwoven web selected from any one or at least two of the following: polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyacetal, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyetheretherketone, polyaryletherketone, polyetherimide, polyamideimide, polybenzimidazole, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene ether, cyclic olefin copolymer, polyphenylene sulfide, and polyvinylnaphthalene.
  • a membrane or nonwoven web selected from any one or at least two of the following: polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyacetal, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyetheretherketone, polyaryletherketone, polyetherimide, polyamideimide, polybenzimidazole, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene ether, cyclic
  • Porous base membranes can be single-layer thin films or multi-layer composite thin films.
  • the materials of each layer can be the same or different.
  • the thickness of the porous base film can be 4 ⁇ m-12 ⁇ m, and optionally 4 ⁇ m-9 ⁇ m.
  • the porosity of the porous base membrane can be 25%-60%, optionally 28%-50%.
  • the ratio of the volume distribution particle size Dv50 of the organic particles to the average pore size of the porous base membrane can be greater than or equal to 1.1.
  • the average pore size of the porous base film can be 25 nm to 82 nm.
  • the average pore size of the porous membrane can be measured using a capillary porosity analyzer (bubble point method).
  • An exemplary testing method is as follows: Take a circular sample with a diameter of 25 mm, and drop 3-5 drops of wetting solution onto it. After the sample is completely wetted, place it in a mold. Then, use an inert gas (such as nitrogen) to compress the wetting solution in the pores of the sample. The compression pressure and flow rate are inversely proportional to the pore size. The average pore size of the sample is obtained through software sampling and pressure-pore size conversion analysis.
  • the testing instrument can be a PMI CFP 1500 pore size analyzer, with a testing pressure ranging from 100 psi to 350 psi.
  • the thickness of the separator can be 5 ⁇ m-14 ⁇ m, optionally 5 ⁇ m-12 ⁇ m or 6 ⁇ m-12 ⁇ m. This is beneficial for improving the energy density of the secondary battery cell.
  • the separator membrane can be prepared according to methods known in the art.
  • a slurry including organic particles and a binder can be coated on at least one side of a porous base membrane, and after drying, a separation membrane is obtained.
  • the slurry may further include polymer binder particles, which, after drying, are embedded in organic particles and form protrusions on the coating surface.
  • the method for preparing the separator membrane may include: applying a heat-resistant layer slurry comprising organic particles and a binder to at least one side of a porous base membrane, and drying it to form a heat-resistant layer; and applying an adhesive layer slurry comprising polymer binder particles and a binder to at least a portion of the surface of the heat-resistant layer, and drying it to obtain the separator membrane.
  • the method for preparing the separator membrane may include: coating a heat-resistant slurry comprising organic particles and a binder onto one side of a porous base membrane, and coating an adhesive layer slurry comprising polymer binder particles and a binder onto at least a portion of the surface of the other side of the porous base membrane, and drying the slurry to obtain the separator membrane.
  • the slurry may also include other components, such as dispersants and/or wetting agents.
  • the secondary battery cell includes the separator provided in this disclosure.
  • the secondary battery cells disclosed herein may include, but are not limited to, lithium battery cells, sodium battery cells, etc.
  • the composition of the positive electrode, negative electrode and electrolyte may differ depending on the type of secondary battery cell.
  • the positive electrode may include a positive current collector and a positive electrode film layer disposed on at least one surface of the positive current collector and comprising a positive electrode active material.
  • the positive current collector has two surfaces opposite each other in its thickness direction, and the positive electrode film layer is disposed on either or both of the two opposite surfaces of the positive current collector.
  • the positive electrode active material may include, but is not limited to, one or more of lithium transition metal oxides, lithium-containing phosphates, and their respective modified compounds.
  • lithium transition metal oxides may include, but are not limited to, one or more of lithium cobalt oxides, lithium nickel oxides, lithium manganese oxides, lithium nickel cobalt oxides, lithium manganese cobalt oxides, lithium nickel manganese oxides, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxides, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxides, and their respective modified compounds.
  • lithium-containing phosphates may include, but are not limited to, lithium iron phosphate, lithium iron phosphate and carbon composites, lithium manganese phosphate, lithium manganese phosphate and carbon composites, lithium manganese iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate and carbon composites, and their respective modified compounds.
  • the positive electrode active material may include one or more of lithium transition metal oxides and their modified compounds with the general formula LiaNibCocMdOeAf .
  • M includes but is not limited to one or more of Mn, Al, Zr, Zn, Cu, Cr, Mg, Fe, V, Ti and B, and A includes but is not limited to one or more of N, F, S and Cl.
  • the positive electrode active material may include, but is not limited to , one or more of LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 (NCM333), LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 (NCM523), LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 (NCM622), LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 (NCM811), LiNi 0.85 Co 0.1 Al 0.05 O 2 , LiFePO 4 , and LiMnPO 4 .
  • LiCoO 2 LiNiO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4
  • NCM333 LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2
  • NCM523 LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2
  • NCM622 LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2
  • NCM811 LiNi 0.85 Co 0.1 Al 0.05 O 2
  • the molar Li content represents the initial state of the material, i.e., the state before feeding.
  • the molar Li content changes after charge-discharge cycles.
  • the molar O content is only a theoretical value. Lattice oxygen release causes changes in the molar O content, and the actual molar O content will also fluctuate.
  • the positive electrode active material can be one or more of the following, including but not limited to sodium-containing transition metal oxides, polyanionic materials (such as phosphates, fluorophosphates, pyrophosphates, sulfates, etc.), and Prussian blue materials.
  • the positive electrode active material can be one or more of the following, including but not limited to NaFeO2 , NaCoO2 , NaCrO2 , NaMnO2 , NaNiO2 , NaNi1 / 2Ti1 / 2O2 , NaNi1 / 2Mn1 / 2O2 , Na2 /3Fe1/3Mn2/3O2, NaNi1/ 3Co1 / 3Mn1/ 3O2 , NaFePO4, NaMnPO4, NaCoPO4 , Prussian blue materials, and materials with the general formula XpM'q ( PO4 ) rOxY3 -x .
  • X includes but is not limited to one or more of H + , Li + , Na + , K + and NH 4 +
  • M' is a transition metal cation, optionally including but not limited to one or more of V, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn
  • Y is a halide anion, optionally one or more of F, Cl and Br.
  • the modified compounds for the positive electrode active materials of the aforementioned lithium battery cells and sodium battery cells can be obtained by doping and/or surface coating modifications of the positive electrode active materials.
  • the positive electrode film layer may further include a positive electrode conductive agent.
  • the positive electrode conductive agent may include, but is not limited to, one or more of superconducting carbon, conductive graphite, acetylene black, carbon black, Ketjen black, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon nanofibers.
  • the positive electrode film layer may further include a positive electrode binder.
  • the positive electrode binder may include, but is not limited to, one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-propylene terpolymer, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene terpolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, and fluorinated acrylate resins.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene terpolymer vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene terpolymer,
  • the positive current collector may be a metal foil or a composite current collector.
  • An example of a metal foil is aluminum foil.
  • the composite current collector may include a polymeric material substrate and a metal material layer formed on at least one surface of the polymeric material substrate.
  • the metal material may include, but is not limited to, one or more of aluminum, aluminum alloys, nickel, nickel alloys, titanium, titanium alloys, silver, and silver alloys.
  • the polymeric material substrate may include, but is not limited to, one or more of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polystyrene, and polyethylene.
  • the negative electrode sheet may include a negative current collector and a negative electrode film layer disposed on at least one surface of the negative current collector and comprising a negative electrode active material.
  • the negative current collector has two surfaces opposite each other in its thickness direction, and the negative electrode film layer is disposed on either or both of the two opposite surfaces of the negative current collector.
  • the negative electrode film layer may further include a negative electrode conductive agent.
  • the negative electrode conductive agent may include, but is not limited to, one or more of superconducting carbon, conductive graphite, acetylene black, carbon black, Ketjen black, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon nanofibers.
  • the negative electrode film layer may further include a negative electrode binder.
  • the negative electrode binder may include, but is not limited to, one or more of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), water-soluble unsaturated resin SR-1B, waterborne acrylic resins (e.g., polyacrylic acid PAA, polymethacrylic acid PMAA, sodium polyacrylate PAAS), polyacrylamide (PAM), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium alginate (SA), and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS).
  • SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
  • SR-1B water-soluble unsaturated resin SR-1B
  • waterborne acrylic resins e.g., polyacrylic acid PAA, polymethacrylic acid PMAA, sodium polyacrylate PAAS
  • PAM polyacrylamide
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • SA sodium alginate
  • CMCS carboxymethyl chitosan
  • the negative electrode film layer may also include other additives.
  • other additives may include thickeners, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), PTC thermistor materials, etc.
  • the negative electrode current collector may be a metal foil or a composite current collector.
  • a metal foil copper foil may be used.
  • the composite current collector may include a polymeric material substrate and a metal material layer formed on at least one surface of the polymeric material substrate.
  • the metal material may include, but is not limited to, one or more of copper, copper alloys, nickel, nickel alloys, titanium, titanium alloys, silver, and silver alloys.
  • the polymeric material substrate may include, but is not limited to, one or more of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polystyrene, and polyethylene.
  • the negative electrode film is typically formed by coating a negative electrode slurry onto a negative electrode current collector, followed by drying and cold pressing.
  • the negative electrode slurry is usually formed by dispersing the negative electrode active material, negative electrode conductive agent, negative electrode binder, and other optional additives in a solvent and stirring until homogeneous.
  • the solvent can be N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) or deionized water, but is not limited to these.
  • the negative electrode sheet does not exclude other additional functional layers besides the negative electrode film layer.
  • the negative electrode sheet also includes a conductive undercoat layer (e.g., composed of a conductive agent and a binder) sandwiched between the negative electrode current collector and the negative electrode film layer and disposed on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • a conductive undercoat layer e.g., composed of a conductive agent and a binder
  • the negative electrode sheet can be made of foamed metal.
  • the foamed metal can be foamed nickel, foamed copper, foamed aluminum, foamed alloy, foamed carbon, etc.
  • foamed metal is used as the negative electrode sheet, the surface of the foamed metal may or may not contain a negative electrode active material.
  • the electrolyte plays a role in conducting ions between the positive and negative electrode plates.
  • the electrolyte is an electrolyte solution, which includes an electrolyte salt and an organic solvent.
  • the electrolyte salt may include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following: lithium hexafluorophosphate ( LiPF6 ), lithium tetrafluoroborate ( LiBF4 ), lithium perchlorate ( LiClO4 ), lithium hexafluoroarsenate ( LiAsF6 ), lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI), lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiTFS), lithium difluorooxalate borate (LiDFOB), lithium dioxalate borate ( LiBOB ), lithium difluorophosphate (LiPO2F2), lithium difluorodioxalate phosphate (LiDFOP), and lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate (LiTFOP).
  • LiPF6 lithium hexafluorophosphate
  • the electrolyte salt can be one or more of the following: sodium hexafluorophosphate ( NaPF6 ), sodium tetrafluoroborate ( NaBF4 ), sodium perchlorate ( NaClO4 ), sodium hexafluoroarsenate ( NaAsF6 ), sodium difluorosulfonyl imide (NaFSI), sodium difluoromethanesulfonyl imide (NaTFSI), sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate (NaTFS), sodium difluorooxalate borate (NaDFOB), sodium dioxalate borate (NaBOB), sodium difluorophosphate ( NaPO2F2 ), sodium difluorodioxalate phosphate ( NaDFOP ), and sodium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate (NaTFOP).
  • NaPF6 sodium hexafluorophosphate
  • NaBF4 sodium tetrafluoroborate
  • the organic solvent may include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following: ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), methyl propyl carbonate (MPC), ethyl propyl carbonate (EPC), butyl ester carbonate (BC), methyl formate (MF), methyl acetate (MA), ethyl acetate (EA), propyl acetate (PA), methyl propionate (MP), ethyl propionate (EP), propyl propionate (PP), methyl butyrate (MB), ethyl butyrate (EB), 1,4-butyrolactone (GBL), sulfolane (SF), dimethyl sulfone (MSM), methyl ethyl sulfone (EMS), diethyl sulfone (
  • the electrolyte may also include additives.
  • the additives may include negative electrode film-forming additives, positive electrode film-forming additives, and additives that can improve certain properties of the secondary battery cell, such as additives that improve overcharge performance, additives that improve high-temperature performance, additives that improve low-temperature performance, etc.
  • the additive may include one or more of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), vinylene carbonate (VC), 1,3-propanesulfonate lactone (PS), and ethylene sulfate (DTD).
  • FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
  • VC vinylene carbonate
  • PS 1,3-propanesulfonate lactone
  • DTD ethylene sulfate
  • a positive electrode, a separator, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte can be assembled to form a secondary battery cell.
  • the positive electrode, separator, and negative electrode can be formed into an electrode assembly through a winding process and/or a stacking process.
  • the electrode assembly is placed in an outer packaging, dried, and then injected with the aforementioned electrolyte. After vacuum sealing, settling, and formation processes, a secondary battery cell is obtained.
  • a commercially available phenolic resin material consisting of phenol and formaldehyde, was placed in a curing oven. The atmosphere was set to air, and the temperature was set to 155°C. This temperature was maintained for 2 hours. After curing, the oven temperature was increased to 270°C and maintained for 3 hours. After both curing cycles, the cured phenolic resin material was removed, allowed to cool naturally in air, and then crushed, milled, sieved, and demagnetized to obtain phenolic resin organic particles 1-1#.
  • a commercially available phenolic resin material consisting of phenol and formaldehyde, was placed in a curing oven. The atmosphere was set to air, and the temperature was set to 155°C. This temperature was maintained for 2 hours. After curing, the oven temperature was increased to 290°C and maintained for 3 hours. After both curing cycles, the cured phenolic resin material was removed, allowed to cool naturally in air, and then crushed, milled, sieved, and demagnetized to obtain phenolic resin organic particles #1-2.
  • phenolic resin materials consisting of phenol and formaldehyde
  • the atmosphere was set to air, and the temperature was set to 155°C. Curing was carried out at this temperature for 2 hours. After curing, the temperature of the curing oven was increased to 250°C and maintained for 3 hours. After both curing processes, the cured phenolic resin materials were removed, allowed to cool naturally in air, and then crushed, milled, sieved, and demagnetized to obtain phenolic resin organic particles 1-3#.
  • phenolic resin materials consisting of phenol and formaldehyde
  • the atmosphere was set to air, and the temperature was set to 170°C, maintaining this temperature for 2 hours.
  • the oven temperature was increased to 270°C and maintained for 3 hours.
  • the cured phenolic resin materials were removed, allowed to cool naturally in air, and then crushed, milled, sieved, and demagnetized to obtain phenolic resin organic particles 1-4#.
  • a commercially available phenolic resin material consisting of phenol and formaldehyde, was placed in a curing oven. The atmosphere was set to air, and the temperature was set to 350°C. The curing was maintained at this temperature for 4 hours. After curing, the cured phenolic resin material was removed, allowed to cool naturally in air, and then crushed, milled, sieved, and demagnetized to obtain phenolic resin organic particles D1-1#.
  • DSC differential scanning calorimeter
  • the sample bag should be permeable to the solvent but not to the sample.
  • Immerse the sample bag in an appropriate amount of solvent e.g., about 50g
  • the swelling degree (m2-m1)/m1 ⁇ 100%.
  • the solvent is a mixed solvent obtained by mixing ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) in a volume ratio of 3:7.
  • the organic particles 1-1# to 1-4# prepared above meet the following characteristics: the phenolic resin organic particles are thermosetting propylene resin polymers, which have no melting point and no glass transition temperature Tg below 300°C.
  • the preparation process of the separator membrane is as follows.
  • a commercially available 7 ⁇ m thick polyethylene microporous membrane was used as the porous base membrane.
  • the prepared organic particles, dispersant sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and binder polyacrylate were mixed evenly in deionized water at a solid mass ratio of 90:2:8 to obtain a slurry.
  • the slurry was uniformly coated onto both surfaces of the porous base membrane, and dried to remove the solvent, resulting in a separating membrane.
  • the coating thickness was 1.5 ⁇ m
  • the separating membrane thickness was 10 ⁇ m.
  • the manufacturing process of a secondary battery cell is as follows.
  • the positive electrode active material LiFePO4 , the positive electrode binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and the positive electrode conductive agent carbon black were added to N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) in a mass ratio of 97:2:1 and thoroughly mixed to prepare a positive electrode slurry.
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • the positive electrode slurry was then uniformly coated onto the positive electrode current collector aluminum foil, and then dried, cold-pressed, and slit to obtain the positive electrode sheet.
  • ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) were mixed in a volume ratio of 3:7 to obtain a mixed solvent.
  • LiPF6 and vinylene carbonate (VC) were then dissolved in this mixed solvent to obtain the electrolyte.
  • the concentration of LiPF6 was 1 mol/L.
  • the mass fraction of VC was 3%, based on the mass of the electrolyte.
  • the positive electrode sheet, separator, and negative electrode sheet are stacked, wound, and hot-pressed in sequence to obtain an electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly is then placed in an aluminum-plastic film for top and side sealing. After processes such as electrolyte injection, standing, formation, aging, venting, and secondary sealing, a soft-pack secondary battery cell is obtained.
  • the phenolic resin organic particles prepared in this embodiment have a low degree of swelling, which can make the separator have high heat resistance and high air permeability, and make the secondary battery cell have low internal resistance and good kinetic performance.
  • melamine-formaldehyde resin granules were cured in air at 230°C for 4.5 hours, followed by crushing, milling, sieving, and demagnetization to obtain polymer granules 2-1# containing triazine ring structural units.
  • the molar ratio of formaldehyde to melamine in the melamine-formaldehyde resin was 2.4:1.
  • melamine-formaldehyde resin granules were cured in air at 245°C for 4.5 hours, followed by crushing, milling, sieving, and demagnetization to obtain polymer granules 2-2# containing triazine ring structural units.
  • the molar ratio of formaldehyde to melamine in the melamine-formaldehyde resin was 2.4:1.
  • melamine-formaldehyde resin granules were cured in air at 260°C for 4.5 hours, followed by crushing, milling, sieving, and demagnetization to obtain polymer granules (2-3#) containing triazine ring structural units.
  • the molar ratio of formaldehyde to melamine in the melamine-formaldehyde resin was 2.4:1.
  • melamine-formaldehyde resin granules were cured in air at 150°C for 4.5 hours, followed by crushing, milling, sieving, and demagnetization to obtain polymer granules D2-1# containing triazine ring structural units.
  • the molar ratio of formaldehyde to melamine in the melamine-formaldehyde resin was 2.4:1.
  • the organic particles 2-1# to 2-3# prepared above also meet the following characteristics: no melting point, and no glass transition temperature Tg below 300°C.
  • the polymer particles containing triazine ring structural units prepared in this embodiment have a low degree of swelling, which can make the separator have high heat resistance and high air permeability, and make the secondary battery cell have low internal resistance and good kinetic performance.
  • the organic particles 3-1# to 3-3# prepared above meet the following characteristics: no melting point, and glass transition temperature Tg is between 114°C and 158°C.
  • the cross-linked styrene-based organic particles prepared in this embodiment have a low degree of swelling, which can give the separator high heat resistance and high air permeability, and give the secondary battery cell low internal resistance and good kinetic performance.
  • a pre-emulsion was prepared by emulsifying 0.3g sodium persulfate, 0.3g sodium bicarbonate, 1.5g sodium dodecyl sulfate, 30g deionized water, 52.2g ⁇ -methacryloyloxypropyltriisopropoxysilane, 3g 3-(methacryloyloxy)propylmethyldiethoxysilane, and 4.8g divinylbenzene.
  • 210g of deionized water was added, and the temperature was raised to 70°C. Under nitrogen protection and stirring, the pre-emulsion was added dropwise. After reacting for 4 hours, the temperature was raised to 90°C and the reaction was allowed to mature for 2 hours to obtain the 4-1# emulsion containing silicon-containing organic resin particles.
  • a pre-emulsion was prepared by emulsifying 0.3g sodium persulfate, 0.3g sodium bicarbonate, 1.5g sodium dodecyl sulfate, 30g deionized water, 49.8g ⁇ -methacryloyloxypropyltriisopropoxysilane, 3g 3-(methacryloyloxy)propylmethyldiethoxysilane, and 7.2g divinylbenzene.
  • 210g of deionized water was added, and the temperature was raised to 70°C. Under nitrogen protection and stirring, the pre-emulsion was added dropwise. After reacting for 4 hours, the temperature was raised to 90°C and the reaction was allowed to mature for 2 hours to obtain the 4-2# emulsion containing silicon-containing organic resin particles.
  • a pre-emulsion was prepared by emulsifying 0.3g sodium persulfate, 0.3g sodium bicarbonate, 1.5g sodium dodecyl sulfate, 30g deionized water, 52.2g ⁇ -methacryloyloxypropyltriisopropoxysilane, 3g 3-(methacryloyloxy)propylmethyldiethoxysilane, and 4.8g divinylbenzene.
  • 210g of deionized water was added, and the temperature was raised to 70°C. Under nitrogen protection and stirring, the pre-emulsion was added dropwise. After reacting for 4 hours, the temperature was raised to 80°C and the reaction was allowed to mature for 3 hours to obtain the 4-3# emulsion containing silicon-containing organic resin particles.
  • a pre-emulsion was prepared by emulsifying 0.3g sodium persulfate, 0.3g sodium bicarbonate, 1.5g sodium dodecyl sulfate, 30g deionized water, 57g ⁇ -methacryloyloxypropyltriisopropoxysilane, and 3g 3-(methacryloyloxy)propylmethyldiethoxysilane.
  • a reactor 210g of deionized water was added, and the temperature was raised to 70°C. Under nitrogen protection and stirring, the pre-emulsion was added dropwise. After reacting for 4 hours, the temperature was raised to 75°C and the reaction was allowed to mature for 1 hour to obtain the silicon-containing organic resin particle D4-1# emulsion.
  • the organic particles 4-1# to 4-3# prepared above meet the following characteristics: the silicon-containing organic resin particles are a network structure formed by carbon-carbon bonds as the main chain, the side chains contain silicon-oxygen structures, they have no melting point, and they have no glass transition temperature Tg below 300°C.
  • the silicon-containing organic resin particles prepared in this embodiment have a low degree of swelling, which can make the separator have high heat resistance and high air permeability, and make the secondary battery cell have low internal resistance and good kinetic performance.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)

Abstract

提供了一种隔离膜、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置,二次电池单体包括正极极片、负极极片以及隔离膜,隔离膜设置在正极极片和负极极片之间,隔离膜包括多孔基膜以及位于多孔基膜至少一侧的涂层,涂层包括有机颗粒,有机颗粒在碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸甲乙酯按照体积比3:7组成的混合溶剂中于60℃恒温浸泡7天的溶胀度小于等于3%。二次电池单体具有高质量能量密度、较低的内阻和良好的动力学性能。

Description

隔离膜、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2024年07月15日提交的名称为“隔离膜、电池单体和用电装置”的中国专利申请202410946468.3和于2024年09月30日提交的名称为“隔离膜、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置”的中国专利申请202411383460.7的优先权,该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本公开涉及一种隔离膜、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置。
背景技术
随着二次电池单体的应用范围越来越广泛,人们对二次电池单体的使用需求也日益增多,例如对其能量密度、动力学性能和可靠性的要求越来越高。因此,如何使二次电池单体在具有高可靠性的前提下具有更高的能量密度和良好的动力学性能,是目前亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本公开提供一种隔离膜、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置,二次电池单体具有高质量能量密度、较低的内阻和良好的动力学性能。
第一方面,本公开提供一种二次电池单体,包括正极极片、负极极片以及隔离膜,所述隔离膜设置在所述正极极片和所述负极极片之间,所述隔离膜包括多孔基膜以及位于所述多孔基膜至少一侧的涂层,所述涂层包括有机颗粒,所述有机颗粒在碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸甲乙酯按照体积比3:7组成的混合溶剂中于60℃恒温浸泡7天的溶胀度小于等于3%。
有机颗粒的密度小,采用其的二次电池单体可以具有更高的质量能量密度。本公开实施例的隔离膜的涂层中的有机颗粒在有机溶剂中的溶胀度小于等于3%,其在二次电池单体长期使用过程中的结构稳定性高,由此改善了隔离膜在使用过程中透气性下降的问题。隔离膜的透气性好,二次电池单体的内阻较小,动力学性能较好。因此,本公开实施例的隔离膜可以使二次电池单体具有高质量能量密度、较低的内阻和良好的动力学性能。
在一些实施例中,所述有机颗粒在碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸甲乙酯按照体积比3:7组成的混合溶剂中于60℃恒温浸泡7天的溶胀度小于等于2.5%。
由此可以进一步降低二次电池单体内阻,提升二次电池单体的动力学性能。
在一些实施例中,所述有机颗粒的真密度为1.0g/cm3-2.0g/cm3;可选为1.0g/cm3-1.8g/cm3
在一些实施例中,所述有机颗粒的体积分布粒径Dv50小于1μm,可选为50nm-850nm。
在一些实施例中,所述有机颗粒为热固性树脂聚合物或交联聚合物中的至少一种。
在一些实施例中,所述有机颗粒为无定形聚合物。
在一些实施例中,所述有机颗粒无熔点。
本公开的有机颗粒无熔点,说明有机颗粒的耐热性和热稳定性好,由此可以更好地抵抗多孔基膜的热收缩,提升隔离膜的耐热性,提升二次电池单体的可靠性。
在一些实施例中,所述有机颗粒包括酚醛树脂类有机颗粒、含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒、交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒、含硅有机树脂颗粒中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,所述酚醛树脂类有机颗粒为热固性丙阶树脂聚合物。
在一些实施例中,所述酚醛树脂类有机颗粒在300℃以下无玻璃化转变温度。
在一些实施例中,所述酚醛树脂类有机颗粒的体积分布粒径Dv50为220nm-850nm。
在一些实施例中,所述含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒包括连接所述三嗪环结构单元的桥连结构。可选地,所述桥连结构包括亚烷基、亚烷基醚、亚烷基胺、酯基、酰胺基中的一种或两种以上的组合。
在一些实施例中,所述含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒的三嗪环结构单元上还具有取代基,所述取代基包括烷基、烯基、苯基、环烷基、胺基、羟基、卤素中的一种或多种的组合。
在一些实施例中,所述含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒包括如下中的至少一种:三聚氰胺醛类聚合物及其衍生物、醚化的三聚氰胺醛类聚合物及其衍生物、醚化的三聚氰胺醛-多元醇聚合物及其衍生物、醚化的三聚氰胺醛-多元羧酸聚合物及其衍生物、醚化的三聚氰胺醛-多元胺酰胺聚合物及其衍生物。
在一些实施例中,所述三聚氰胺醛类聚合物及其衍生物包括三聚氰胺甲醛、苯代三聚氰胺甲醛、三聚氰胺-苯代三聚氰胺甲醛、三聚氰胺-(2,4-二胺基-1,3,5-三嗪)甲醛、三聚氰胺-(6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二胺)甲醛、三聚氰胺-(2,4,6-三乙胺基-1,3,5-三嗪)甲醛、三肼基均三嗪甲醛、三聚氰胺-(2-氨基-4-甲基氨基-1,3,5-三嗪)甲醛、三聚氰胺-(2,4-二氨基-6-二甲氨基-1,3,5-三嗪)甲醛中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,所述醚化的三聚氰胺醛类聚合物及其衍生物包括甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛、甲醚化苯代三聚氰胺甲醛、丁醚化苯代三聚氰胺甲醛中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,所述醚化的三聚氰胺醛-多元醇聚合物及其衍生物包括甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-乙二醇聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-1,2丙二醇聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-1,4丁二醇聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-聚酯多元醇聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-聚乙烯醇聚合物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-乙二醇聚合物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-1,2丙二醇聚合物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-1,4丁二醇聚合物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-聚酯多元醇聚合物中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,所述醚化的三聚氰胺醛-多元羧酸聚合物及其衍生物包括甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-乙二酸聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-丙二酸聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-丁二酸聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-柠檬酸聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-对苯二甲酸聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-邻苯二甲酸聚合物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-乙二酸聚合物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-丙二酸聚合物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-柠檬酸聚合物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-对苯二甲酸聚合物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-邻苯二甲酸聚合物中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,所述醚化的三聚氰胺醛-多元胺酰胺聚合物及其衍生物包括甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-乙二酰胺聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-丙二酰胺聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-异邻苯二甲酰亚胺聚合物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-乙二酰胺聚合物中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,所述含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒在300℃以下无玻璃化转变温度。
在一些实施例中,所述含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒的体积分布粒径Dv50为220nm-850nm。
在一些实施例中,所述交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒包括苯乙烯或苯乙烯衍生物结构单元以及交联结构单元。
可选地,所述苯乙烯或苯乙烯衍生物结构单元包括苯乙烯结构单元、1-甲基-1-苯乙烯结构单元、4-甲基苯乙烯结构单元、2-甲基苯乙烯结构单元、2,4-二甲基苯乙烯结构单元、2,5-二甲基苯乙烯结构单元中的一种或多种。
可选地,所述交联结构单元包括二乙烯基苯结构单元、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯结构单元、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯结构单元、1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯结构单元、1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯结构单元、1,8-辛二醇二丙烯酸酯结构单元、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯结构单元、三甲基丙烯酸季戊四醇酯结构单元、四甘醇二甲基丙烯酸酯结构单元、二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯结构单元、N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺结构单元、N,N’-乙烯基双丙烯酰胺结构单元、1,3,5-三丙烯酰基六氢-1,3,5-三嗪结构单元、三聚异氰尿酸三烯丙酯结构单元中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,所述交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒的玻璃化转变温度Tg为114℃-158℃。
在一些实施例中,所述交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒的体积分布粒径Dv50为86nm-300nm。
在一些实施例中,所述含硅有机树脂颗粒为含硅有机交联树脂颗粒,所述含硅有机树脂颗粒含有碳碳键和硅氧结构。
在一些实施例中,所述含硅有机树脂颗粒为含硅有机交联树脂颗粒,所述含硅有机树脂颗粒是以碳碳键为主链形成的网络结构,侧链含有硅氧结构。
在一些实施例中,所述含硅有机交联树脂颗粒包括交联结构单元。
可选地,所述交联结构单元包括二乙烯基苯结构单元、二乙二醇二乙烯基醚结构单元、三乙二醇二乙烯基醚结构单元、顺丁烯二酸二烯丙酯结构单元、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯结构单元、1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯结构单元、1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯结构单元、1,8-辛二醇二丙烯酸酯结构单元、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯结构单元、三甲基丙烯酸季戊四醇酯结构单元、四甘醇二甲基丙烯酸酯结构单元、二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯结构单元、2,2,4-三甲基己二酰二[2-乙基氮丙啶]结构单元、1,1-壬二酰二[2-甲基氮丙啶]结构单元、1,1-(1,3-亚苯基二羰基)二[2-甲基氮丙啶]结构单元、三羟甲基丙烷三(2-甲基-1-氮丙啶基丙酸酯)结构单元、三羟甲基丙烷-三[3-(2-甲基氮丙啶基)丙酸酯]结构单元、季戊四醇三(3-氮丙啶基)丙酸酯结构单元中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,所述含硅有机树脂颗粒在300℃以下无玻璃化转变温度。
在一些实施例中,所述含硅有机树脂颗粒的体积分布粒径Dv50为86nm-300nm。
在一些实施例中,所述有机颗粒的体积分布粒径Dv50与所述多孔基膜的平均孔径的比值大于等于1.1。
在一些实施例中,所述涂层还包括粘结剂。
在一些实施例中,以所述涂层的总质量计,所述有机颗粒的质量含量为50%-99%。
在一些实施例中,所述涂层的厚度为0.5μm-5μm。
在一些实施例中,所述涂层的面密度为0.45g/m2-5g/m2
在一些实施例中,所述隔离膜的透气值为160s/100ml-230s/100ml。
第二方面,本公开提供一种电池装置,其包括多个本公开第一方面的二次电池单体。
第三方面,本公开提供一种用电装置,其包括本公开第一方面的二次电池单体或本公开第二方面的电池装置。
第四方面,本公开提供一种隔离膜,包括多孔基膜以及位于所述多孔基膜至少一侧的涂层,所述涂层包括有机颗粒,所述有机颗粒在碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸甲乙酯按照体积比3:7组成的混合溶剂中于60℃恒温浸泡7天的溶胀度小于等于3%。
在一些实施例中,所述有机颗粒的真密度为1.0g/cm3-2.0g/cm3;可选为1.0g/cm3-1.8g/cm3
在一些实施例中,所述有机颗粒的体积分布粒径Dv50小于1μm,可选为50nm-850nm。
在一些实施例中,所述有机颗粒为热固性树脂聚合物或交联聚合物中的至少一种。
在一些实施例中,所述有机颗粒为无定形聚合物。
在一些实施例中,所述有机颗粒无熔点。
在一些实施例中,所述有机颗粒包括酚醛树脂类有机颗粒、含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒、交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒、含硅有机树脂颗粒中的一种或多种。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例的技术方案,下面将对本公开实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。显而易见地,下面所描述的附图仅仅是本公开的一些实施方式,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1示出本公开一些实施例提供的二次电池单体的示意图。
图2示出本公开一些实施例提供的用电装置的示意图。
在附图中,附图未必按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
以下,适当地参照附图详细说明具体公开了本公开的隔离膜、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置的实施方式。但是会有省略不必要的详细说明的情况。例如,有省略对已众所周知的事项的详细说明、实际相同结构的重复说明的情况。这是为了避免以下的说明不必要地变得冗长,便于本领域技术人员的理解。此外,附图及以下说明是为了本领域技术人员充分理解本公开而提供的,并不旨在限定权利要求书所记载的主题。
本公开所公开的“范围”以下限和上限的形式来限定,给定范围是通过选定一个下限和一个上限进行限定的,选定的下限和上限限定了特别范围的边界。这种方式进行限定的范围可以是包括端值或不包括端值的,并且可以进行任意地组合,即任何下限可以与任何上限组合形成一个范围。例如,如果针对特定参数列出了60-120和80-110的范围,理解为60-110和80-120的范围也是预料到的。此外,如果列出的最小范围值1和2,和如果列出了最大范围值3,4和5,则下面的范围可全部预料到:1-3、1-4、1-5、2-3、2-4和2-5。在本公开中,除非有其他说明,数值范围“a-b”表示a到b之间的任意实数组合的缩略表示,其中a和b都是实数。例如数值范围“0-5”表示本文中已经全部列出了“0-5”之间的全部实数,“0-5”只是这些数值组合的缩略表示。另外,当表述某个参数为≥2的整数,则相当于公开了该参数为例如整数2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12等。
如果没有特别的说明,本公开的所有实施方式以及可选实施方式可以相互组合形成新的技术方案,并且这样的技术方案应被认为包含在本公开的公开内容中。
如果没有特别的说明,本公开的所有技术特征以及可选技术特征可以相互组合形成新的技术方案,并且这样的技术方案应被认为包含在本公开的公开内容中。
如果没有特别的说明,本公开的所有步骤可以顺序进行,也可以随机进行,优选是顺序进行的。例如,所述方法包括步骤(a)和(b),表示所述方法可包括顺序进行的步骤(a)和(b),也可以包括顺序进行的步骤(b)和(a)。例如,所述提到所述方法还可包括步骤(c),表示步骤(c)可以任意顺序加入到所述方法,例如,所述方法可以包括步骤(a)、(b)和(c),也可包括步骤(a)、(c)和(b),也可以包括步骤(c)、(a)和(b)等。
如果没有特别的说明,在本公开中,术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象,而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本公开中,术语“多个”、“多种”是指两个或两种以上。
在本公开实施例的描述中,如果没有特别的说明,第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触,或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且,第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方,或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方,或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
除非另有说明,本公开中提到的各参数的测试温度均为25℃。
本公开的实施例中所提到的二次电池单体(Secondary Battery Cell)独自能够实现充放电的功能,其在放电后可通过充电的方式使活性材料激活而继续使用。二次电池单体可呈圆柱体、长方体或其它形状等,本公开实施例对此并不限定。如图1是作为一个示例的长方体结构的二次电池单体5。
本公开的实施例提供的二次电池单体可以包括但不限于锂电池单体、钠电池单体,例如锂离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体、锂金属电池单体、钠金属电池单体等。
本公开的实施例提供的二次电池单体包括电极组件。电极组件可以是卷绕式结构,也可以是叠片式结构,本公开实施例对此并不限定。二次电池单体还包括外包装,外包装可用于封装电极组件。外包装可以是硬壳,例如硬塑料壳、铝壳、钢壳等。外包装也可以是软包,例如袋式软包。软包的材质可以是塑料,如铝塑膜、聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)和聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)中的一种或多种。
本公开的实施例所提到的电池装置(Battery Apparatus)可以包括一个或多个电池单体组件(Battery Cell Assembly),用于提供电压和容量。电池单体组件可包括多个二次电池单体,多个二次电池单体通过汇流部件串联、并联或混联连接。
在一些实施例中,电池单体组件通常由多个二次电池单体排列形成。
作为示例,电池单体组件可以为电池模组(Battery Module),电池模组由多个二次电池单体排列并固定形成一个独立模块。作为示例,电池模组可以通过扎带捆绑多个二次电池单体形成。
在一些实施例中,电池装置可以为电池包(Battery Pack),电池包包括箱体和一个或多个电池单体组件,电池单体组件容纳于箱体中。
作为示例,电池单体组件可以为电池模组,电池单体组件可通过将电池模组固定于箱体中的方式容纳于箱体中。
作为示例,电池单体组件也可通过将多个二次电池单体直接固定于箱体的方式容纳于箱体中。
作为示例,箱体可包括第一箱体和第二箱体。第一箱体和第二箱体扣合,使得箱体内部形成封闭空间,以收纳电池单体组件。这里的封闭指盖住或关闭,可以是密封,也可以是非密封。第一箱体可为顶盖或者底板。
作为示例,箱体可包括顶盖、框架和底板。顶盖和底板分别与框架连接,使得箱体内部形成封闭空间,以收纳电池单体组件。
在一些实施例中,箱体可以作为车辆的底盘结构的一部分。例如,箱体的部分可以成为车辆的地板的至少一部分,或者,箱体的部分可以成为车辆的横梁和纵梁的至少一部分。
本公开实施例描述的技术方案均适用于各种使用二次电池单体、电池装置的用电装置,例如可以但不限于是移动设备(例如手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑等)、电动车辆(例如纯电动车、混合动力电动车、插电式混合动力电动车、电动自行车、电动踏板车、电动高尔夫球车、电动卡车等)、电气列车、船舶及卫星、储能系统等。二次电池单体、电池装置用于存储或提供电能。
图2是作为一个示例的用电装置的示意图。该用电装置为纯电动车、混合动力电动车、或插电式混合动力电动车等。
在本公开的上下文中,“有机颗粒”在隔离膜的涂层中主要起到改善耐热性的作用,其几乎不具有粘结性。
隔离膜是支撑二次电池单体完成充放电电化学过程的重要构件,常用的隔离膜多为聚烯烃类材料,但是这类材料的玻璃化转变温度较低,受热后会出现严重的热收缩现象。为了提升隔离膜的耐热性,目前常用勃姆石或氧化铝作为耐热填料和粘结剂搭配来构建涂层。勃姆石和氧化铝的密度较大,在同等堆积体积下,勃姆石和氧化铝的质量大于其他材料,由此影响了二次电池单体的能量密度。
本公开实施例提供了一种隔离膜,其能使二次电池单体具有高质量能量密度、较低的内阻和良好的动力学性能。
本公开实施例提供的隔离膜包括多孔基膜以及位于多孔基膜至少一侧的涂层,涂层包括有机颗粒和粘结剂。有机颗粒在碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸甲乙酯按照体积比3:7组成的混合溶剂中于60℃恒温浸泡7天的溶胀度小于等于3%。
多孔基膜和涂层均具有孔结构,由此可以使隔离膜具有较好的透气性,便于离子通过。涂层中的有机颗粒相互连接并被粘结剂固定,有机颗粒之间的间隙可以形成孔结构。
有机颗粒的密度小,采用其的二次电池单体可以具有更高的质量能量密度。
二次电池单体制备过程中需要加入电解液,电解液包括电解质盐和有机溶剂,有机颗粒在电解液中的溶胀行为受到离子能的主导,有机颗粒在有机溶剂中的溶胀行为受到混合能的影响更为显著;另外,有机溶剂分子较小,易进入耐热有机颗粒分子链段中,并对不稳定的部位进行溶胀。目前,常规有机颗粒在有机溶剂中的溶胀度大,涂层中的有机颗粒的溶胀度大,会导致隔离膜在二次电池单体使用过程中的透气性变差,二次电池单体的内阻增加。本公开实施例的隔离膜的涂层中的有机颗粒在有机溶剂中的溶胀度小于等于3%,其在二次电池单体长期使用过程中的结构稳定性高,由此改善了隔离膜在使用过程中透气性下降的问题。隔离膜的透气性好,二次电池单体的内阻较小,动力学性能较好。
因此,本公开实施例的隔离膜可以使二次电池单体具有高质量能量密度、较低的内阻和良好的动力学性能。
在一些实施例中,有机颗粒在碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸甲乙酯按照体积比3:7组成的混合溶剂中于60℃恒温浸泡7天的溶胀度可以小于等于2.5%,小于等于2%,小于等于1.8%,小于等于1.5%。
由此可以进一步降低二次电池单体内阻,提升二次电池单体的动力学性能。
溶胀度=(浸泡后有机颗粒的质量-有机颗粒的初始质量)/有机颗粒的初始质量×100%。
有机颗粒的溶胀度可以按照如下方法进行测试:取适量样品(例如约1g),质量记为m1,将其放置在半透膜样品袋中,封口,样品袋可渗透溶剂,但不能透过样品;将样品袋浸泡在适量溶剂(例如约50g)中,在60℃下恒温浸泡7天,之后将样品袋取出,再将样品从样品袋取出,擦去多余的溶剂,再次称量样品的质量m2;溶胀度=(m2-m1)/m1×100%。溶剂为碳酸乙烯酯(EC)、碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)按照体积比3:7混合得到的混合溶剂。
在一些实施例中,有机颗粒的真密度可以为1.0g/cm3-2.0g/cm3。可选地,有机颗粒的真密度可以为1.0g/cm3-1.8g/cm3
目前,勃姆石、氧化铝等无机颗粒的真密度通常为2.5g/cm3-3.5g/cm3。本公开的有机颗粒的真密度小,由此可以使采用本公开隔离膜的二次电池单体具有更高的质量能量密度。
在一些实施例中,有机颗粒的体积分布粒径Dv50小于1μm,可选为50nm-850nm,86nm-850nm。
本公开的有机颗粒在25℃下既难溶于水,也难溶于有机溶剂,如四氢呋喃(THF)、二氯甲烷(DCM)、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、三氯苯(TCB)、氯仿,即不溶于凝胶渗透色谱法测试的流动相,也无法通过凝胶渗透色谱法测试有机颗粒的分子量。
本公开的有机颗粒为热固性树脂聚合物或交联聚合物中的至少一种。
热固性树脂聚合物是指在固化时不可逆地硬化的聚合物产物,一旦固化,再受热时不软化、不熔融。
交联聚合物是指当在单体单元之间形成交联键时获得的聚合物产物。
本公开的有机颗粒为无定形聚合物。
在一些实施例中,有机颗粒无熔点。
本公开的有机颗粒无熔点,说明有机颗粒的耐热性和热稳定性好,由此可以更好地抵抗多孔基膜的热收缩,提升隔离膜的耐热性,提升二次电池单体的可靠性。
熔点可以按照如下方法进行测试:取适量样品(例如5mg-15mg)置于差示扫描量热仪(DSC)坩埚中,抖平,盖上坩埚盖子;参数设置:氮气气氛,吹扫气60mL/min,保护气20mL/min;程序设置:以10℃/min升温速率从25℃升温至200℃,保持5min以消除热历史,再以10℃/min降温速率从200℃降温至-40℃,再以10℃/min升温速率升温至300℃。通过DSC曲线判断有机颗粒在300℃以下是否具有熔点。
有机颗粒无熔点是指有机颗粒的DSC曲线没有熔融峰。
在一些实施例中,有机颗粒可以包括酚醛树脂类有机颗粒、含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒、交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒、含硅有机树脂颗粒中的一种或多种。
[酚醛树脂类有机颗粒]
在一些实施例中,酚醛树脂类有机颗粒为热固性树脂聚合物。
在一些实施例中,酚醛树脂类有机颗粒为热固性丙阶树脂聚合物。
酚醛树脂类有机颗粒的原料可以包括酚类化合物和醛类化合物。在一些实施例中,酚类化合物可以包括苯酚、对苯二酚、间苯二酚、邻苯二酚、甲酚、腰果酚中的一种或多种。在一些实施例中,醛类化合物可以包括甲醛、多聚甲醛、乙醛、丙醛、正丁醛、乙二醛和糠醛中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,酚醛树脂类有机颗粒在300℃以下无玻璃化转变温度。
酚醛树脂类有机颗粒在300℃以下无玻璃化转变温度,说明有机颗粒的耐热性和热稳定性好,由此可以更好地抵抗多孔基膜的热收缩,提升隔离膜的耐热性,提升二次电池单体的可靠性。
在一些实施例中,酚醛树脂类有机颗粒的体积分布粒径Dv50可以为220nm-850nm。
酚醛树脂类有机颗粒的聚合物颗粒的体积分布粒径Dv50在上述范围内,有利于隔离膜具有良好的耐热性和透气性。
甲阶酚醛树脂类材料在有机溶剂中一般具有较大的溶胀度,无法满足隔离膜的需求。基于此,本公开提供了一种酚醛树脂类有机颗粒,其在碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸甲乙酯按照体积比3:7组成的混合溶剂中于60℃恒温浸泡7天的溶胀度小于等于3%。本公开实施例还提供了一种制备该酚醛树脂类有机颗粒的方法。
在一些实施例中,酚醛树脂类有机颗粒的制备方法包括如下步骤:提供甲阶酚醛树脂类材料;将甲阶酚醛树脂类材料在第一温度、第一气氛下固化第一时间,之后在第二温度、第二气氛下固化第二时间,再经破碎,得到酚醛树脂类有机颗粒。第一温度为115℃-180℃,第二温度为210℃-290℃。
现有的甲阶酚醛树脂类材料固化工艺往往是在常温下进行固化或者在加热至150℃以下进行固化,上述固化方法无法使甲阶酚醛树脂类材料固化充分,由此导致得到的酚醛树脂类有机颗粒的溶胀度仍较大。本公开实施例通过对甲阶酚醛树脂类材料进行分段固化以及调节分段固化的温度,得到了耐热性好且溶胀度小的酚醛树脂类有机颗粒。
本公开实施例提供的制备方法工艺简单、不需要进行复杂的操作,因此还具有低生产成本。
本公开制备的酚醛树脂类有机颗粒为热固性丙阶树脂聚合物。
第一温度为115℃-180℃,例如可以为115℃、120℃、125℃、130℃、135℃、140℃、145℃、150℃、155℃、160℃、165℃、170℃、175℃、180℃、或上述任意数值组成的范围。
第一温度在上述范围内,可以使甲阶酚醛树脂类材料在第一阶段的固化更均匀和充分,由此可以得到溶胀度更小的酚醛树脂类有机颗粒。
可选地,第一温度可以为120℃-175℃、120℃-170℃。
第二温度为210℃-290℃,例如可以为210℃、215℃、220℃、225℃、230℃、235℃、240℃、245℃、250℃、255℃、260℃、265℃、270℃、275℃、280℃、285℃、290℃、或上述任意数值组成的范围。
第二温度在上述范围内,可以在避免酚醛树脂类有机颗粒变性(如降解等)的同时,使酚醛树脂类有机颗粒固化更充分、溶胀度更小。
可选地,第二温度可以为225℃-290℃,225℃-280℃,235℃-290℃,235℃-280℃。
在一些实施例中,第一时间可以为1h-4h,例如可以为1h、1.2h、1.4h、1.6h、1.8h、2h、2.2h、2.4h、2.6h、2.8h、3h、3.2h、3.4h、3.6h、3.8h、4h、或上述任意数值组成的范围。
第一时间在上述范围内,可以使甲阶酚醛树脂类材料在第一阶段的固化更均匀和充分,由此可以得到溶胀度更小的酚醛树脂类有机颗粒。
在一些实施例中,第二时间可以为2h-6h,例如可以为2h、2.2h、2.4h、2.6h、2.8h、3h、3.2h、3.4h、3.6h、3.8h、4h、4.2h、4.4h、4.6h、4.8h、5h、5.2h、5.4h、5.6h、5.8h、6h、或上述任意数值组成的范围。
第二时间在上述范围内,可以使酚醛树脂类有机颗粒固化更充分、溶胀度更小。
在一些实施例中,第一气氛可以为惰性气体气氛或含氧气氛。含氧气氛可以包括氧气和惰性气体。可选地,含氧气氛中氧气的体积分数可以为5%-50%。可选地,惰性气体可以包括但不限于氮气、氩气、氦气中的一种或多种。
可选地,第一气氛为含氧气氛,含氧气氛中氧气的体积分数可以为10%-30%。更可选地,第一气氛可以为空气气氛。
在一些实施例中,第二气氛可以为惰性气体气氛或含氧气氛。含氧气氛可以包括氧气和惰性气体。可选地,含氧气氛中氧气的体积分数可以为5%-50%。可选地,惰性气体可以包括但不限于氮气、氩气、氦气中的一种或多种。
可选地,第二气氛为含氧气氛,含氧气氛中氧气的体积分数可以为10%-30%。更可选地,第二气氛可以为空气气氛。
在一些实施例中,酚醛树脂类有机颗粒的制备方法在破碎处理后还可以包括过筛处理和除磁处理的步骤。
甲阶酚醛树脂类材料可以商购,也可以按照本领域已知的方法合成。在一些实施例中,甲阶酚醛树脂类材料的制备方法包括如下步骤:将酚类化合物和醛类化合物在碱性物质催化下反应,得到甲阶酚醛树脂类材料。
可选地,碱性物质可以包括氨水、NaOH、Na2CO3中的一种或多种。
可选地,酚类化合物可以包括苯酚、对苯二酚、间苯二酚、邻苯二酚、甲酚、腰果酚中的一种或多种。
可选地,醛类化合物可以包括甲醛、多聚甲醛、乙醛、丙醛、正丁醛、乙二醛和糠醛中的一种或多种。
[含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒]
本公开的含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒还包括连接所述三嗪环结构单元的桥连结构。
含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒的分子结构中含有多个三嗪环结构单元,桥连结构是指连接三嗪环结构单元的基团,各桥连结构相同或不同。
可选地,桥连结构可以包括亚烷基、亚烷基醚、亚烷基胺、酯基、酰胺基中的一种或两种以上的组合。
更可选地,桥连结构可以包括亚甲基、亚甲基醚、亚甲基胺中的一种或两种以上的组合。
在一些实施例中,含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒的三嗪环结构单元上还可以具有取代基,取代基可以包括烷基、烯基、苯基、环烷基、胺基、羟基、卤素中的一种或多种的组合。
在一些实施例中,含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒可以包括如下中的至少一种:三聚氰胺醛类聚合物及其衍生物、醚化的三聚氰胺醛类聚合物及其衍生物、醚化的三聚氰胺醛-多元醇聚合物及其衍生物、醚化的三聚氰胺醛-多元羧酸聚合物及其衍生物、醚化的三聚氰胺醛-多元胺酰胺聚合物及其衍生物。
在一些实施例中,三聚氰胺醛类聚合物及其衍生物可以包括三聚氰胺甲醛聚合物及其衍生物。
可选地,三聚氰胺醛类聚合物及其衍生物可以包括三聚氰胺甲醛、苯代三聚氰胺甲醛、三聚氰胺-苯代三聚氰胺甲醛、三聚氰胺-(2,4-二胺基-1,3,5-三嗪)甲醛、三聚氰胺-(6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二胺)甲醛、三聚氰胺-(2,4,6-三乙胺基-1,3,5-三嗪)甲醛、三肼基均三嗪甲醛、三聚氰胺-(2-氨基-4-甲基氨基-1,3,5-三嗪)甲醛、三聚氰胺-(2,4-二氨基-6-二甲氨基-1,3,5-三嗪)甲醛中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,醚化的三聚氰胺醛类聚合物及其衍生物可以包括醚化的三聚氰胺甲醛聚合物及其衍生物。
在一些实施例中,醚化的三聚氰胺醛类聚合物及其衍生物可以包括甲醚化的三聚氰胺醛类聚合物及其衍生物、乙醚化的三聚氰胺醛类聚合物及其衍生物、丁醚化的三聚氰胺醛类聚合物及其衍生物、甲丁混合醚化的三聚氰胺醛类聚合物及其衍生物。
可选地,醚化的三聚氰胺醛类聚合物及其衍生物可以包括甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛聚合物及其衍生物、乙醚化三聚氰胺甲醛聚合物及其衍生物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛聚合物及其衍生物、甲丁混合醚化三聚氰胺甲醛聚合物及其衍生物。
醚化的三聚氰胺醛类聚合物及其衍生物可以包括部分醚化的三聚氰胺醛类聚合物及其衍生物、全醚化的三聚氰胺醛类聚合物及其衍生物中的一种或多种。可选地,醚化的三聚氰胺醛类聚合物及其衍生物可以包括全醚化的三聚氰胺醛类聚合物及其衍生物。
在一些实施例中,醚化的三聚氰胺醛类聚合物及其衍生物可以包括甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛、甲醚化苯代三聚氰胺甲醛、丁醚化苯代三聚氰胺甲醛中的一种或多种。
醚化的三聚氰胺醛-多元醇聚合物及其衍生物是指醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂与多元醇高温交联固化反应产物。可选地,醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂与多元醇的摩尔比可以为1:2-1:6。
在一些实施例中,多元醇可以包括二元醇、三元醇、四元醇中的一种或多种。可选地,多元醇可以包括乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、新戊二醇、己二醇、乙基丁基丙二醇、丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、聚乙烯醇、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇中的一种或多种。更可选地,多元醇可以包括乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、聚乙烯醇、聚酯多元醇中的一种或多种。
可选地,聚酯多元醇可以包括聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇、聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯二醇、聚己二酸丙二醇酯二醇、聚己二酸新戊二醇酯二醇、聚己二酸新戊二醇-1,6-己二醇酯二醇、聚己二酸己二醇酯二醇、聚碳酸酯二醇、聚己内酯二醇中的一种或多种。
可选地,聚醚多元醇可以包括聚氧化丙烯二醇、聚氧化丙烯三醇、聚四氢呋喃二醇中的一种或多种。
可选地,聚酯多元醇的分子量可以在5000以下,可选为2000以下。
可选地,聚醚多元醇的分子量可以在5000以下,可选为2000以下。
可选地,聚乙烯醇的分子量可以在5000以下,可选为2000以下。
在一些实施例中,醚化的三聚氰胺醛-多元醇聚合物及其衍生物可以包括甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-乙二醇聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-1,2丙二醇聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-1,4丁二醇聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-聚酯多元醇聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-聚乙烯醇聚合物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-乙二醇聚合物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-1,2丙二醇聚合物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-1,4丁二醇聚合物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-聚酯多元醇聚合物中的一种或多种。
醚化的三聚氰胺醛-多元羧酸聚合物及其衍生物是指醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂与多元羧酸高温交联固化反应产物。可选地,醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂与多元羧酸的摩尔比可以为1:2-1:6。
在一些实施例中,多元羧酸可以包括二元羧酸、三元羧酸、四元羧酸中的一种或多种。可选地,多元羧酸可以包括乙二酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、戊二酸、己二酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、均苯四甲酸、偏苯三酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐、六氢苯酐、四氢苯酐、马来酸酐、1,4-环己烷二甲酸、1,2-环己烷二甲酸中的一种或多种。更可选地,多元羧酸可以包括乙二酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、柠檬酸、邻苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,醚化的三聚氰胺醛-多元羧酸聚合物及其衍生物可以包括甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-乙二酸聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-丙二酸聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-丁二酸聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-柠檬酸聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-对苯二甲酸聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-邻苯二甲酸聚合物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-乙二酸聚合物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-丙二酸聚合物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-柠檬酸聚合物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-对苯二甲酸聚合物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-邻苯二甲酸聚合物中的一种或多种。
醚化的三聚氰胺醛-多元胺酰胺聚合物及其衍生物是指醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂与多元酰胺高温交联固化反应产物。可选地,醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂与多元酰胺的摩尔比可以为1:2-1:6。
在一些实施例中,多元酰胺可以包括乙二酰胺、丙二酰胺、丁二酰胺、己二酰胺、异邻苯二甲酰亚胺中的一种或多种。可选地,多元酰胺可以包括乙二酰胺、丙二酰胺、异邻苯二甲酰亚胺中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,醚化的三聚氰胺醛-多元胺酰胺聚合物及其衍生物可以包括甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-乙二酰胺聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-丙二酰胺聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-异邻苯二甲酰亚胺聚合物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-乙二酰胺聚合物中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒在300℃以下无玻璃化转变温度。
含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒在300℃以下无玻璃化转变温度,说明有机颗粒的耐热性和热稳定性好,由此可以更好地抵抗多孔基膜的热收缩,提升隔离膜的耐热性,提升二次电池单体的可靠性。
在一些实施例中,含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒的体积分布粒径Dv50可以为220nm-850nm。
含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒的体积分布粒径Dv50在上述范围内,有利于隔离膜具有良好的耐热性和透气性。
本公开提供了一种含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒,其在碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸甲乙酯按照体积比3:7组成的混合溶剂中于60℃恒温浸泡7天的溶胀度小于等于3%。本公开实施例还提供了一种制备该含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒的方法。
在一些实施例中,含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒的制备方法包括如下步骤:提供含有三嗪环结构的前驱体;将含有三嗪环结构的前驱体在含氧气氛下进行加热固化,再经破碎,得到含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒,加热固化的温度为180℃-280℃。含有三嗪环结构的前驱体加热固化后,在三嗪环结构单元之间形成桥连结构。
加热固化的温度为180℃-280℃,例如可以为180℃、190℃、200℃、210℃、220℃、225℃、230℃、235℃、240℃、245℃、250℃、255℃、260℃、265℃、270℃、275℃、280℃、或上述任意数值组成的范围。
加热固化的温度在上述范围内,有利于得到耐热性好且溶胀度小的聚合物颗粒。
可选地,加热固化的温度可以为200℃-280℃,210℃-280℃,220℃-280℃,230℃-280℃,200℃-270℃,210℃-270℃,220℃-270℃,230℃-270℃。
在一些实施例中,加热固化的时间可以为2h-8h,例如可以为2h、2.5h、3h、3.5h、4h、4.5h、5h、5.5h、6h、6.5h、7h、7.5h、8h、或上述任意数值组成的范围。可选地,加热固化的时间为3h-8h。
加热固化的时间在上述范围内,有利于含有三嗪环结构的前驱体形成溶胀度更小的聚合物颗粒。
在一些实施例中,含氧气氛可以包括氧气和惰性气体。可选地,惰性气体可以包括但不限于氮气、氩气、氦气中的一种或多种。在一些实施例中,含氧气氛中氧气的体积分数可以为5%-50%。可选地,含氧气氛中氧气的体积分数可以为10%-30%。更可选地,含氧气氛可以为空气气氛。
在一些实施例中,含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒在破碎处理后还可以包括过筛处理和除磁处理的步骤。
在一些实施例中,含有三嗪环结构的前驱体可以包括如下中的至少一种:三聚氰胺醛类树脂,醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂,醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂与多元醇、多元羧酸、多元酰胺中的至少一种的混合物。
在一些实施例中,含有三嗪环结构的前驱体可以包括三聚氰胺醛类树脂,三聚氰胺醛类树脂可以是通过醛类化合物与胺取代三嗪化合物反应得到,胺取代三嗪化合物可以包括三聚氰胺和/或三聚氰胺衍生物。可选地,醛类化合物与胺取代三嗪化合物的摩尔比可以为1.8:1-3:1,例如可以为1.8:1、1.9:1、2:1、2.1:1、2.2:1、2.3:1、2.4:1、2.5:1、2.6:1、2.7:1、2.8:1、2.9:1、3:1、或上述任意比值组成的范围。更可选地,醛类化合物与胺取代三嗪化合物的摩尔比可以为2:1-3:1,2.1:1-3:1,2.2:1-3:1,2.3:1-3:1,2.4:1-3:1。
在一些实施例中,含有三嗪环结构的前驱体可以包括醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂,醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂可以是通过醛类化合物、胺取代三嗪化合物和醇类化合物反应得到,胺取代三嗪化合物可以包括三聚氰胺和/或三聚氰胺衍生物。可选地,醛类化合物与胺取代三嗪化合物的摩尔比可以为5:1-7:1,例如可以为5:1、5.2:1、5.4:1、5.6:1、5.8:1、6:1、6.2:1、6.4:1、6.6:1、6.8:1、7:1、或上述任意比值组成的范围。更可选地,醛类化合物与胺取代三嗪化合物的摩尔比可以为5.4:1-7:1,5.6:1-7:1,5.8:1-7:1,6:1-7:1,6.2:1-7:1。
在一些实施例中,含有三嗪环结构的前驱体包括醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂与多元醇的混合物,醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂与多元醇的摩尔比可以为1:2-1:6。
在一些实施例中,含有三嗪环结构的前驱体包括醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂与多元羧酸的混合物,醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂与多元羧酸的摩尔比可以为1:2-1:6。
在一些实施例中,含有三嗪环结构的前驱体包括醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂与多元酰胺的混合物,醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂与多元酰胺的摩尔比可以为1:2-1:6。
在一些实施例中,形成醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂的醇类化合物可以包括甲醇、乙醇、丁醇中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,形成三聚氰胺醛类树脂和醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂的醛类化合物可以包括甲醛、多聚甲醛、乙醛、丙醛、正丁醛、乙二醛和糠醛中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,形成三聚氰胺醛类树脂和醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂的胺取代三嗪化合物可以包括如下通式化合物中的一种或多种,R1、R2分别独立地选自H、-NH2、C1-C8烷基中的任一种,R3选自H、-NH2、-NHR4、C1-C8烷基、C2-C8烯基、苯基、C7-C12的烷基苯基、C7-C12的苯基烷基、C5-C8环烷基中的任一种,R4选自-NH2、C1-C8烷基中的任一种。可选地,R3选自-NH2或-NHR4
可选地,胺取代三嗪化合物可以包括三聚氰胺、苯代三聚氰胺、2,4-二胺基-1,3,5-三嗪、6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二胺、2,4,6-三乙胺基-1,3,5-三嗪、三肼基三嗪、2-氨基-4-甲基氨基-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-二氨基-6-二甲氨基-1,3,5-三嗪、6-乙基-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二胺、6-异丙基-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二胺、6-戊基-2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪、6-庚基-2,4-二氨基-三嗪、2-乙烯基-4,6-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-二氨基-6-(4-甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、6-环己基-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二胺、6-(3-甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二胺、6-邻甲苯基-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二胺、6-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二胺、6-苯基甲基-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二胺、(二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)甲醇、2-氯-4,6-二氨-1,3,5-三嗪中的一种或多种。
更可选地,胺取代三嗪化合物可以包括三聚氰胺、苯代三聚氰胺、2,4-二胺基-1,3,5-三嗪、6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二胺、2,4,6-三乙胺基-1,3,5-三嗪、三肼基三嗪、2-氨基-4-甲基氨基-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-二氨基-6-二甲氨基-1,3,5-三嗪中的一种或多种。
醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂可以包括部分醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂、全醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂中的一种或多种。可选地,醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂可以包括全醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂。
在一些实施例中,醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂可以包括甲醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂、乙醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂、丁醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂、甲丁混合醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂。
可选地,醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂可以包括甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、甲醚化苯代三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、丁醚化苯代三聚氰胺甲醛树脂中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,醚化的三聚氰胺醛类树脂可以为液态。
[交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒]
在一些实施例中,交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒包括苯乙烯或苯乙烯衍生物结构单元以及交联结构单元。交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒的交联结构单元是指用于连接苯乙烯或苯乙烯衍生物结构单元的结构单元。
在一些实施例中,苯乙烯或苯乙烯衍生物结构单元可以包括苯乙烯结构单元、1-甲基-1-苯乙烯结构单元、4-甲基苯乙烯结构单元、2-甲基苯乙烯结构单元、2,4-二甲基苯乙烯结构单元、2,5-二甲基苯乙烯结构单元中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,交联结构单元可以包括二乙烯基苯结构单元、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯结构单元、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯结构单元、1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯结构单元、1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯结构单元、1,8-辛二醇二丙烯酸酯结构单元、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯结构单元、三甲基丙烯酸季戊四醇酯结构单元、四甘醇二甲基丙烯酸酯结构单元、二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯结构单元、N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺结构单元、N,N’-乙烯基双丙烯酰胺结构单元、1,3,5-三丙烯酰基六氢-1,3,5-三嗪结构单元、三聚异氰尿酸三烯丙酯结构单元中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒的玻璃化转变温度Tg可以为114℃-158℃。
交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒的玻璃化转变温度Tg高,其耐热性和热稳定性好,由此可以更好地抵抗多孔基膜的热收缩,提升隔离膜的耐热性,提升二次电池单体的可靠性。
在一些实施例中,交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒的体积分布粒径Dv50可以为86nm-300nm。
交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒的体积分布粒径Dv50在上述范围内,有利于隔离膜具有良好的耐热性和透气性。
本公开提供了一种交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒,其在碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸甲乙酯按照体积比3:7组成的混合溶剂中于60℃恒温浸泡7天的溶胀度小于等于3%。本公开实施例还提供了一种制备该交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒的方法。
在一些实施例中,交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒的制备方法包括如下步骤:提供包含单体、交联剂、乳化剂、引发剂、水的预乳液,在加热、惰性气体保护和搅拌条件下进行乳液聚合反应,得到交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒;单体包括苯乙烯及其衍生物中的一种或多种;乳液聚合反应的熟化温度为72℃-88℃,乳液聚合反应的熟化时间为1h-5h。
乳液聚合反应的熟化温度为72℃-88℃,例如可以为72℃、73℃、74℃、75℃、76℃、77℃、78℃、79℃、80℃、81℃、82℃、83℃、84℃、85℃、86℃、87℃、88℃、或上述任意数值组成的范围。
乳液聚合反应的熟化时间为1h-5h,例如可以为1h、1.2h、1.4h、1.6h、1.8h、2h、2.2h、2.4h、2.6h、2.8h、3h、3.2h、3.4h、3.6h、3.8h、4h、4.2h、4.4h、4.6h、4.8h、5h、或上述任意数值组成的范围。
乳液聚合反应的熟化温度和熟化时间在上述范围内,可以提升交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒的耐热性、降低交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒的溶胀度。
在一些实施例中,乳液聚合反应可以包括如下步骤:在第一加热温度、惰性气体保护和搅拌条件下,将预乳液滴加至含有水的反应器中,反应第一时间后升温至熟化温度进行熟化反应,得到交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒。
可选地,第一加热温度可以为55℃-70℃。
可选地,第一时间可以为3h-6h。
在一些实施例中,单体可以包括苯乙烯、1-甲基-1-苯乙烯、4-甲基苯乙烯、2-甲基苯乙烯、2,4-二甲基苯乙烯、2,5-二甲基苯乙烯中的一种或多种。
交联剂与单体聚合后形成交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒的交联结构单元。在一些实施例中,交联剂可以包括二乙烯基苯、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,8-辛二醇二丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、三甲基丙烯酸季戊四醇酯、四甘醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、N,N’-乙烯基双丙烯酰胺、1,3,5-三丙烯酰基六氢-1,3,5-三嗪、三聚异氰尿酸三烯丙酯中的一种或多种。
可选地,交联剂可以包括二乙烯基苯、N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、N,N’-乙烯基双丙烯酰胺中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,以单体和交联剂的总质量为100%计,交联剂的质量分数可以为8%-35%,例如可以为8%、9%、10%、11%、12%、13%、14%、15%、16%、17%、18%、19%、20%、22%、24%、26%、28%、30%、32%、35%、或上述任意数值组成的范围。
交联剂的质量分数在上述范围内,可以进一步提升交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒的耐热性、进一步降低交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒的溶胀度。
可选地,交联剂的质量分数可以为11%-35%。
在一些实施例中,乳化剂可以包括但不限于十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、脂肪酸山梨坦、聚山梨酯、聚丙烯酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇、聚氧乙烯醚乳化剂、纤维素及其衍生物中的一种或多种。
可选地,聚氧乙烯醚乳化剂可以包括OP类乳化剂,如OP-4、OP-7、OP-10、OP-15、OP-20等。
在一些实施例中,以单体和交联剂的总质量为100%计,乳化剂的质量分数可以为0.2%-4%。
在一些实施例中,引发剂可以包括但不限于过硫酸钠、过硫酸钾、过硫酸铵、亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐、偶氮二异丁咪唑啉盐酸盐、偶氮二异丙基咪唑啉中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒的制备方法在乳液聚合反应结束后还可以包括除磁处理的步骤。
[含硅有机树脂颗粒]
在一些实施例中,含硅有机树脂颗粒为含硅有机交联树脂颗粒,含硅有机树脂颗粒含有碳碳键和硅氧结构。
可选地,含硅有机树脂颗粒是以碳碳键为主链形成的网络结构,侧链含有硅氧结构。
可选地,含硅有机树脂颗粒是以碳碳键为主链形成的网络结构,侧链含有硅氧结构和苯环结构。
在一些实施例中,含硅有机交联树脂颗粒包括交联结构单元。含硅有机交联树脂颗粒的交联结构单元是指用于连接含硅结构单元的不含硅结构单元。
可选地,交联结构单元可以包括二乙烯基苯结构单元、二乙二醇二乙烯基醚结构单元、三乙二醇二乙烯基醚结构单元、顺丁烯二酸二烯丙酯结构单元、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯结构单元、1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯结构单元、1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯结构单元、1,8-辛二醇二丙烯酸酯结构单元、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯结构单元、三甲基丙烯酸季戊四醇酯结构单元、四甘醇二甲基丙烯酸酯结构单元、二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯结构单元、2,2,4-三甲基己二酰二[2-乙基氮丙啶]结构单元、1,1-壬二酰二[2-甲基氮丙啶]结构单元、1,1-(1,3-亚苯基二羰基)二[2-甲基氮丙啶]结构单元、三羟甲基丙烷三(2-甲基-1-氮丙啶基丙酸酯)结构单元、三羟甲基丙烷-三[3-(2-甲基氮丙啶基)丙酸酯]结构单元、季戊四醇三(3-氮丙啶基)丙酸酯结构单元中的一种或多种。
含硅有机树脂颗粒的原料可以包括单体和多官能度交联剂。单体可以包括含有烯基和/或丙烯酰氧基的硅烷偶联剂。在一些实施例中,单体包括乙烯基硅烷偶联剂和/或丙烯酰氧基硅烷偶联剂。多官能度交联剂与单体聚合后形成含硅有机交联树脂颗粒的交联结构单元。在一些实施例中,交联剂可以包括二乙烯基苯、二乙二醇二乙烯基醚、三乙二醇二乙烯基醚、顺丁烯二酸二烯丙酯、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,8-辛二醇二丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、三甲基丙烯酸季戊四醇酯、四甘醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、2,2,4-三甲基己二酰二[2-乙基氮丙啶]、1,1-壬二酰二[2-甲基氮丙啶]、1,1-(1,3-亚苯基二羰基)二[2-甲基氮丙啶]、三羟甲基丙烷三(2-甲基-1-氮丙啶基丙酸酯)、三羟甲基丙烷-三[3-(2-甲基氮丙啶基)丙酸酯]、季戊四醇三(3-氮丙啶基)丙酸酯中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,含硅有机树脂颗粒在300℃以下无玻璃化转变温度。
含硅有机树脂颗粒在300℃以下无玻璃化转变温度,说明含硅有机树脂颗粒的耐热性和热稳定性好,由此可以更好地抵抗多孔基膜的热收缩,提升隔离膜的耐热性,提升二次电池单体的可靠性。
在一些实施例中,含硅有机树脂颗粒的体积分布粒径Dv50可以为86nm-300nm。
含硅有机树脂颗粒的体积分布粒径Dv50在上述范围内,有利于隔离膜具有良好的耐热性和透气性。
本公开提供了一种含硅有机树脂颗粒,其在碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸甲乙酯按照体积比3:7组成的混合溶剂中于60℃恒温浸泡7天的溶胀度小于等于3%。本公开实施例还提供了一种制备该含硅有机树脂颗粒的方法。
在一些实施例中,含硅有机树脂颗粒的制备方法包括如下步骤:提供包含单体、多官能度交联剂、乳化剂、引发剂、水的预乳液,在加热、惰性气体保护和搅拌条件下进行乳液聚合反应,得到含硅有机树脂颗粒,乳液聚合反应熟化阶段的加热温度为80℃-92℃,乳液聚合反应熟化阶段的加热时间为2h-5h,单体包括含有烯基和/或丙烯酰氧基的硅烷偶联剂。
单体包括含有烯基和/或丙烯酰氧基的硅烷偶联剂,因此单体之间会引发产生自由基,发生交联反应,而且单体也会与多官能度交联剂发生交联反应。因此,以本公开的单体和交联剂为原料可以形成三维网络结构的含硅有机树脂颗粒,其在高温下不容易发生软化或变形,具有较高的耐热性,并且其溶胀度也更小。
乳液聚合反应熟化阶段的加热温度为80℃-92℃,例如可以为80℃、81℃、82℃、83℃、84℃、85℃、86℃、87℃、88℃、89℃、90℃、91℃、92℃、或上述任意数值组成的范围。
乳液聚合反应熟化阶段的加热时间为2h-5h,例如可以为2h、2.2h、2.4h、2.6h、2.8h、3h、3.2h、3.4h、3.6h、3.8h、4h、4.2h、4.4h、4.6h、4.8h、5h、或上述任意数值组成的范围。
乳液聚合反应熟化阶段的加热温度和加热时间在上述范围内,可以使反应更完全,由此可以提升含硅有机树脂颗粒的耐热性、降低含硅有机树脂颗粒的溶胀度。
在一些实施例中,乳液聚合反应可以包括如下步骤:在第二加热温度、惰性气体保护和搅拌条件下,将预乳液滴加至含有水的反应器中,反应第二时间后升温至熟化阶段的加热温度进行熟化反应,得到含硅有机树脂颗粒。
可选地,第二加热温度可以为55℃-70℃。
可选地,第二时间可以为3h-6h。
在一些实施例中,以单体和多官能度交联剂的总质量为100%计,多官能度交联剂的质量分数可以为4%-14%,例如可以为4%、5%、6%、7%、8%、9%、10%、11%、12%、13%、14%、或上述任意数值组成的范围。
多官能度交联剂的质量分数在上述范围内,可以进一步提升含硅有机树脂颗粒的耐热性、进一步降低含硅有机树脂颗粒的溶胀度。
多官能度交联剂与单体聚合后形成含硅有机交联树脂颗粒的交联结构单元。在一些实施例中,多官能度交联剂可以包括二乙烯基苯、二乙二醇二乙烯基醚、三乙二醇二乙烯基醚、顺丁烯二酸二烯丙酯、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,8-辛二醇二丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、三甲基丙烯酸季戊四醇酯、四甘醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、2,2,4-三甲基己二酰二[2-乙基氮丙啶]、1,1-壬二酰二[2-甲基氮丙啶]、1,1-(1,3-亚苯基二羰基)二[2-甲基氮丙啶]、三羟甲基丙烷三(2-甲基-1-氮丙啶基丙酸酯)、三羟甲基丙烷-三[3-(2-甲基氮丙啶基)丙酸酯]、季戊四醇三(3-氮丙啶基)丙酸酯中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,单体可以包括乙烯基硅烷偶联剂和/或丙烯酰氧基硅烷偶联剂。
可选地,单体可以包括γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三(三甲基硅氧烷基)硅烷、(3-丙烯酰氧丙基)三(三甲基硅氧基)硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三异丙氧基硅烷、3-(丙烯酰氧基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三(甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、7-辛烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三异丙氧基硅烷、三叔丁氧基乙烯基硅烷、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、乙烯三[(1-甲基乙烯基)氧]硅烷、乙烯基三叔丁基过氧硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、3-丙烯酰氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基二甲基甲氧基硅烷、(3-丙烯酰氧基)二甲基甲氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基二甲基乙氧基硅烷、二乙基甲基乙烯基硅烷、乙烯基二甲基乙氧基硅烷、甲基乙烯基二乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、甲基乙烯基二甲氧基硅烷、3-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,单体可以包括第一单体和第二单体。
第一单体可以包括γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三(三甲基硅氧烷基)硅烷、(3-丙烯酰氧丙基)三(三甲基硅氧基)硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三异丙氧基硅烷、3-(丙烯酰氧基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三(甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、7-辛烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三异丙氧基硅烷、三叔丁氧基乙烯基硅烷、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、乙烯三[(1-甲基乙烯基)氧]硅烷、乙烯基三叔丁基过氧硅烷中的一种或多种。
第二单体可以包括3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、3-丙烯酰氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基二甲基甲氧基硅烷、(3-丙烯酰氧基)二甲基甲氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基二甲基乙氧基硅烷、二乙基甲基乙烯基硅烷、乙烯基二甲基乙氧基硅烷、甲基乙烯基二乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、甲基乙烯基二甲氧基硅烷、3-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷中的一种或多种。
第一单体和第二单体活性不同,通过将二者搭配,并与交联剂一起反应,可以得到粒度分布窄的含硅有机树脂颗粒。
在一些实施例中,乳化剂可以包括但不限于烷基硫酸盐、烷基磺酸盐、吐温类乳化剂、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪醇聚氧丙烯醚、鲸蜡硬脂醇聚醚、油醇聚醚中的一种或多种。
可选地,乳化剂可以包括十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基磺酸钠、吐温20、吐温40、月桂醇聚醚-7、月桂醇聚醚-9、月桂醇聚醚-10、油醇聚醚-10中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,引发剂可以包括但不限于过硫酸钠、过硫酸钾、过硫酸铵、亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐、偶氮二异丁咪唑啉盐酸盐、偶氮二异丙基咪唑啉中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,预乳液还可以包括pH调节剂。可选地,pH调节剂可以包括但不限于碳酸氢钠、氢氧化钠、氨水等中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,含硅有机树脂颗粒的制备方法在乳液聚合反应结束后还可以包括除磁处理的步骤。
玻璃化转变温度Tg可以按照如下方法进行测试:取适量样品(例如5mg-15mg)置于差示扫描量热仪(DSC)坩埚中,抖平,盖上坩埚盖子;参数设置:氮气气氛,吹扫气60mL/min,保护气20mL/min;程序设置:以10℃/min升温速率从25℃升温至200℃,保持5min以消除热历史,再以10℃/min降温速率从200℃降温至-40℃,再以10℃/min升温速率升温至300℃。通过DSC曲线得到有机颗粒的玻璃化转变温度Tg或判断有机颗粒是否具有玻璃化转变温度Tg
玻璃化转变温度Tg是指玻璃态向高弹态的转变温度,其在DSC曲线上呈现台阶状变化。
有机颗粒在300℃以下无玻璃化转变温度Tg是指有机颗粒的DSC曲线在300℃以下范围内没有出现台阶状变化。
Dv50表示材料累计体积分布百分数达到50%时所对应的粒径,可以参照GB/T 19077-2016,采用激光粒度分析仪进行测试。测试时,取一洁净小烧杯加入待测样品1g,加入20ml去离子水,以53KHz/120W超声5min,确保样品完全分散;打开激光粒度分析仪,清洗光路系统后,自动测试背景;搅拌已超声的待测溶液,使其分散均匀,按要求放入样品池中,开始测量粒径。测试仪器可以为MasterSizer 3000激光粒度分析仪。
在一些实施例中,以涂层的总质量计,涂层中的有机颗粒的质量含量可以为50%-99%。
可选地,涂层中的有机颗粒的质量含量可以为60%-99%,70%-99%,80%-99%,85%-99%,88%-99%,80%-97%,85%-97%,88%-97%,80%-95%,85%-95%,88%-95%。
在一些实施例中,涂层中的粘结剂可以包括但不限于聚丙烯酸酯类粘结剂、丁腈橡胶类粘结剂、聚丙烯酸、聚甲基丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸钠、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、海藻酸钠(SA)和羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCS)中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,涂层还可以包括分散剂,如可以包括但不限于聚丙烯酸类分散剂或羧甲基纤维素类分散剂。作为示例,分散剂可以包括但不限于羧甲基纤维素钠、聚丙烯酸钠、聚丙烯酸铵中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,隔离膜还可以包括聚合物粘结剂颗粒。“聚合物粘结剂颗粒”在隔离膜中起到改善隔离膜与极片粘结性的作用,其基本不具有耐高温性。
在一些实施例中,聚合物粘结剂颗粒可以嵌于有机颗粒中并在涂层表面形成凸起。
在另一些实施例中,隔离膜的涂层包括耐热层和粘接层,耐热层设置在多孔基膜上,粘接层设置在耐热层远离多孔基膜一侧的至少一部分表面上,有机颗粒设置在耐热层中,聚合物粘结剂颗粒设置在粘接层中。
在又一些实施例中,隔离膜的涂层包括耐热层和粘接层,耐热层设置在多孔基膜其中一侧,粘接层设置在多孔基膜另一侧的至少一部分表面上,有机颗粒设置在耐热层中,聚合物粘结剂颗粒设置在粘接层中。
在一些实施例中,聚合物粘结剂颗粒的平均粒径可以为6μm-18μm。
待测颗粒的平均粒径可以按照如下方法测试:使用扫描电子显微镜参照JY/T 010-1996,获取隔离膜的SEM图像,在隔离膜上任意选取一个长×宽为50mm×100mm的测试样品,在测试样品中随机选取多个测试区域(例如5个),并在一定放大倍率(例如500倍以上)下,读取各测试区域中待测颗粒的粒径;统计各测试区域中的待测颗粒的数量和粒径数值,取各测试区域中所有待测颗粒的粒径的算术平均值,作为待测颗粒的平均粒径。为了确保测试结果的准确性,可以取多个测试样品(例如10个)进行上述测试,取各个测试样品的平均值作为最终的测试结果。测试仪器可以为ZEISS Sigma 300。需要说明的是,当待测颗粒为不规则形状时,取待测颗粒上最远的两点间距离作为该待测颗粒的粒径。
在一些实施例中,聚合物粘结剂颗粒可以包括偏二氟乙烯基聚合物颗粒,例如聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)颗粒和/或偏二氟乙烯单体与共聚单体的共聚物颗粒。
共聚单体可以包括烯烃单体、含氟烯烃单体、含氯烯烃单体、丙烯酸酯类单体、丙烯酸类单体、氟醚类单体中的至少一种。
可选地,共聚单体可以包括如下中的至少一种:三氟乙烯、三氟氯乙烯、1,2-二氟乙烯、四氟乙烯、六氟丙烯、全氟(烷基乙烯基)醚(例如全氟(甲基乙烯基)醚、全氟(乙基乙烯基)醚、全氟(丙基乙烯基)醚)、全氟(1,3-间二氧杂环戊烯)和全氟(2,2-二甲基-1,3-间二氧杂环戊烯)。
在一些实施例中,涂层的厚度可以为0.5μm-5μm。涂层的厚度是指位于多孔基膜单侧的涂层的厚度。可选地,涂层的厚度为可以0.5μm-4μm,0.5μm-3μm,0.5μm-2μm,0.6μm-4μm,0.6μm-3μm,0.6μm-2μm,0.8μm-4μm,0.8μm-3μm,0.8μm-2μm。
在一些实施例中,涂层的面密度可以为0.45g/m2-5g/m2
在一些实施例中,多孔基膜可以包含选自以下的任一种或至少两种的膜或非织造网:聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚缩醛、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚酰亚胺、聚醚醚酮、聚芳基醚酮、聚醚酰亚胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚苯并咪唑、聚醚砜、聚苯醚、环烯烃共聚物、聚苯硫醚、聚乙烯萘。
多孔基膜可以是单层薄膜,也可以是多层复合薄膜。多孔基膜为多层复合薄膜时,各层的材料可以相同,也可以不同。
在一些实施例中,多孔基膜的厚度可以为4μm-12μm,可选为4μm-9μm。
在一些实施例中,多孔基膜的孔隙率可以为25%-60%,可选为28%-50%。
在一些实施例中,有机颗粒的体积分布粒径Dv50与多孔基膜的平均孔径的比值可以大于等于1.1。
有机颗粒的体积分布粒径Dv50与多孔基膜的平均孔径具有相同的单位,例如nm。
由此可以减少堵孔问题,提升隔离膜的透气性和离子导通特性。
在一些实施例中,多孔基膜的平均孔径可以为25nm-82nm。
多孔基膜的平均孔径可以采用毛细管孔隙率测试仪(泡点法)进行测试。示例性测试方法如下:取直径为25mm圆形样品,并在上面滴3-5滴浸润液,待样品完全浸润后放入模具中,然后使用惰性气体(如氮气)对待测样品中的孔道浸润液挤压,挤压气压和流量与孔径成反比,通过软件采样及压力和孔径折算分析,获得待测样品的平均孔径。测试仪器可为PMI公司的CFP 1500型孔径分析仪,测试压力可为100psi至350psi。
在一些实施例中,隔离膜的厚度可以为5μm-14μm,可选为5μm-12μm,6μm-12μm。由此有利于提升二次电池单体的能量密度。
在一些实施例中,隔离膜的透气值可以为160s/100ml-230s/100ml,可选为170s/100ml-220s/100ml。
需要说明的是,上述隔离膜的涂层参数均为多孔基膜单侧的涂层参数。当涂层设置在多孔基膜的两侧时,其中任意一侧的涂层参数满足本公开,即认为落入本公开的保护范围内。
隔离膜可以按照本领域公知的方法制备。
在一些实施例中,可以将包括有机颗粒、粘结剂的浆料涂布在多孔基膜至少一侧,干燥后即得到隔离膜。
在一些实施例中,浆料还可以包括聚合物粘结剂颗粒,浆料干燥后,聚合物粘结剂颗粒嵌于有机颗粒中并在涂层表面形成凸起。
在一些实施例中,隔离膜的制备方法可以包括:将包括有机颗粒、粘结剂的耐热层浆料涂布在多孔基膜至少一侧,干燥后形成耐热层的步骤;以及将包括聚合物粘结剂颗粒、粘结剂的粘接层浆料涂布在耐热层的至少一部分表面上,干燥后得到隔离膜的步骤。
在一些实施例中,隔离膜的制备方法可以包括:将包括有机颗粒、粘结剂的耐热浆料涂布在多孔基膜其中一侧,以及将包括聚合物粘结剂颗粒、粘结剂的粘接层浆料涂布在多孔基膜另一侧的至少一部分表面上,干燥后得到隔离膜的步骤。
在一些实施例中,浆料的溶剂可以为水,例如去离子水。
在一些实施例中,浆料还可以包括其他组分,例如,还可以包括分散剂和/或润湿剂等。
本公开实施例还提供一种二次电池单体。二次电池单体包括本公开实施例提供的隔离膜。
二次电池单体还包括正极极片、负极极片和电解质,隔离膜设置在正极极片和负极极片之间。正极极片、隔离膜、负极极片可经卷绕工艺和/或叠片工艺形成电极组件。
本公开提供的二次电池单体可以包括但不限于锂电池单体、钠电池单体等,二次电池单体的类型不同,正极极片、负极极片和电解质的组成会有差异。
[正极极片]
在一些实施例中,正极极片可以包括正极集流体以及设置在正极集流体至少一个表面且包括正极活性材料的正极膜层。例如,正极集流体具有在自身厚度方向相对的两个表面,正极膜层设置在正极集流体的两个相对表面中的任意一者或两者上。
以锂电池单体为例,正极活性材料可以包括但不限于锂过渡金属氧化物、含锂磷酸盐、及其各自的改性化合物中的一种或多种。锂过渡金属氧化物的示例可以包括但不限于锂钴氧化物、锂镍氧化物、锂锰氧化物、锂镍钴氧化物、锂锰钴氧化物、锂镍锰氧化物、锂镍钴锰氧化物、锂镍钴铝氧化物、及其各自的改性化合物中的一种或多种。含锂磷酸盐的示例可以包括但不限于磷酸铁锂、磷酸铁锂与碳的复合材料、磷酸锰锂、磷酸锰锂与碳的复合材料、磷酸锰铁锂、磷酸锰铁锂与碳的复合材料、及其各自的改性化合物中的一种或多种。在一些实施例中,为了进一步提升二次电池单体的能量密度,正极活性材料可以包括通式为LiaNibCocMdOeAf的锂过渡金属氧化物及其改性化合物中的一种或多种。0.8≤a≤1.2,0.5≤b<1,0<c<1,0<d<1,1≤e≤2,0≤f≤1,M包括但不限于Mn、Al、Zr、Zn、Cu、Cr、Mg、Fe、V、Ti和B中的一种或多种,A包括但不限于N、F、S和Cl中的一种或多种。
作为示例,正极活性材料可以包括但不限于LiCoO2、LiNiO2、LiMnO2、LiMn2O4、LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2(NCM333)、LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2(NCM523)、LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2(NCM622)、LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2(NCM811)、LiNi0.85Co0.1Al0.05O2、LiFePO4、LiMnPO4中的一种或多种。
二次电池单体在充放电过程中会伴随Li的脱嵌及消耗,二次电池单体在放电到不同状态时Li的摩尔含量不同。本公开中关于正极活性材料的列举中,Li的摩尔含量为材料初始状态,即投料前状态,正极活性材料应用于二次电池单体中,经过充放电循环,Li的摩尔含量会发生变化。本公开中关于正极活性材料的列举中,O的摩尔含量仅为理论状态值,晶格释氧会导致O的摩尔含量发生变化,实际O的摩尔含量也会出现浮动。
以钠电池单体为例,正极活性材料可以包括但不限于含钠过渡金属氧化物、聚阴离子材料(如磷酸盐、氟磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐、硫酸盐等)、普鲁士蓝类材料中的一种或多种。作为示例,正极活性材料可以包括但不限于NaFeO2、NaCoO2、NaCrO2、NaMnO2、NaNiO2、NaNi1/2Ti1/2O2、NaNi1/2Mn1/2O2、Na2/3Fe1/3Mn2/3O2、NaNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2、NaFePO4、NaMnPO4、NaCoPO4、普鲁士蓝类材料、通式为XpM’q(PO4)rOxY3-x的材料中的一种或多种。在通式XpM’q(PO4)rOxY3-x中,0<p≤4,0<q≤2,1≤r≤3,0≤x≤2,X包括但不限于H+、Li+、Na+、K+和NH4 +中的一种或多种,M’为过渡金属阳离子,可选地包括但不限于V、Ti、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu和Zn中的一种或多种,Y为卤素阴离子,可选地为F、Cl和Br中的一种或多种。
上述各锂电池单体和钠电池单体的正极活性材料的改性化合物可以是对正极活性材料进行掺杂改性和/或表面包覆改性。
在一些实施例中,正极膜层还可以包括正极导电剂。作为示例,正极导电剂可以包括但不限于超导碳、导电石墨、乙炔黑、炭黑、科琴黑、碳点、碳纳米管、石墨烯和碳纳米纤维中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,正极膜层还可以包括正极粘结剂。作为示例,正极粘结剂可以包括但不限于聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、偏氟乙烯-四氟乙烯-丙烯三元共聚物、偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-四氟乙烯三元共聚物、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物和含氟丙烯酸酯类树脂中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,正极集流体可采用金属箔片或复合集流体。作为金属箔片的示例,可采用铝箔。复合集流体可以包括高分子材料基层以及形成于高分子材料基层至少一个表面上的金属材料层。作为示例,金属材料可以包括但不限于铝、铝合金、镍、镍合金、钛、钛合金、银和银合金中的一种或多种。作为示例,高分子材料基层可以包括但不限于聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚苯乙烯和聚乙烯中的一种或多种。
正极膜层通常是将正极浆料涂覆于正极集流体上,经干燥、冷压而成的。正极浆料通常是将正极活性材料、正极导电剂、正极粘结剂以及任意的其他组分分散于溶剂中并搅拌均匀而形成的。溶剂可以是N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP),但不限于此。
[负极极片]
在一些实施例中,负极极片可以包括负极集流体以及设置在负极集流体至少一个表面且包括负极活性材料的负极膜层。例如,负极集流体具有在自身厚度方向相对的两个表面,负极膜层设置在负极集流体的两个相对表面中的任意一者或两者上。
负极活性材料可采用本领域公知的可用于二次电池单体的材料。作为示例,负极活性材料可以包括但不限于天然石墨、人造石墨、软炭、硬炭、硅基材料、锡基材料和钛酸锂中的一种或多种。硅基材料可以包括但不限于单质硅、硅氧化物、硅碳复合物、硅氮复合物和硅合金材料中的一种或多种。锡基材料可以包括但不限于单质锡、锡氧化物和锡合金材料中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,负极膜层还可以包括负极导电剂。作为示例,负极导电剂可以包括但不限于超导碳、导电石墨、乙炔黑、炭黑、科琴黑、碳点、碳纳米管、石墨烯和碳纳米纤维中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,负极膜层还可以包括负极粘结剂。作为示例,负极粘结剂可以包括但不限于丁苯橡胶(SBR)、水溶性不饱和树脂SR-1B、水性丙烯酸类树脂(例如,聚丙烯酸PAA、聚甲基丙烯酸PMAA、聚丙烯酸钠PAAS)、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、海藻酸钠(SA)和羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCS)中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,负极膜层还可以包括其他助剂。作为示例,其他助剂可以包括增稠剂,例如,羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)、PTC热敏电阻材料等。
在一些实施例中,负极集流体可采用金属箔片或复合集流体。作为金属箔片的示例,可采用铜箔。复合集流体可以包括高分子材料基层以及形成于高分子材料基层至少一个表面上的金属材料层。作为示例,金属材料可以包括但不限于铜、铜合金、镍、镍合金、钛、钛合金、银和银合金中的一种或多种。作为示例,高分子材料基层可以包括但不限于聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚苯乙烯和聚乙烯中的一种或多种。
负极膜层通常是将负极浆料涂覆于负极集流体上,经干燥、冷压而成的。负极浆料通常是将负极活性材料、负极导电剂、负极粘结剂、其他可选的助剂分散于溶剂中并搅拌均匀而形成的。溶剂可以是N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)或去离子水,但不限于此。
负极极片并不排除除了负极膜层之外的其他附加功能层。例如,在一些实施例中,负极极片还包括夹在负极集流体和负极膜层之间、设置在负极集流体表面的导电底涂层(例如由导电剂和粘结剂组成)。
在一些实施例中,负极极片可以采用泡沫金属。泡沫金属可以为泡沫镍、泡沫铜、泡沫铝、泡沫合金、泡沫碳等。泡沫金属作为负极极片时,泡沫金属表面可以不设置负极活性材料,当然也可以设置负极活性材料。
[电解质]
电解质在正极极片和负极极片之间起到传导离子的作用。
在一些实施例中,电解质采用电解液,电解液包括电解质盐和有机溶剂。
以锂电池单体为例,电解质盐可以包括但不限于六氟磷酸锂(LiPF6)、四氟硼酸锂(LiBF4)、高氯酸锂(LiClO4)、六氟砷酸锂(LiAsF6)、双氟磺酰亚胺锂(LiFSI)、双三氟甲磺酰亚胺锂(LiTFSI)、三氟甲磺酸锂(LiTFS)、二氟草酸硼酸锂(LiDFOB)、二草酸硼酸锂(LiBOB)、二氟磷酸锂(LiPO2F2)、二氟二草酸磷酸锂(LiDFOP)和四氟草酸磷酸锂(LiTFOP)中的一种或多种。
以钠电池单体为例,电解质盐可以包括但不限于六氟磷酸钠(NaPF6)、四氟硼酸钠(NaBF4)、高氯酸钠(NaClO4)、六氟砷酸钠(NaAsF6)、双氟磺酰亚胺钠(NaFSI)、双三氟甲磺酰亚胺钠(NaTFSI)、三氟甲磺酸钠(NaTFS)、二氟草酸硼酸钠(NaDFOB)、二草酸硼酸钠(NaBOB)、二氟磷酸钠(NaPO2F2)、二氟二草酸磷酸钠(NaDFOP)和四氟草酸磷酸钠(NaTFOP)中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,有机溶剂可以包括但不限于碳酸乙烯酯(EC)、碳酸亚丙酯(PC)、碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)、碳酸二乙酯(DEC)、碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、碳酸二丙酯(DPC)、碳酸甲丙酯(MPC)、碳酸乙丙酯(EPC)、碳酸亚丁酯(BC)、甲酸甲酯(MF)、乙酸甲酯(MA)、乙酸乙酯(EA)、乙酸丙酯(PA)、丙酸甲酯(MP)、丙酸乙酯(EP)、丙酸丙酯(PP)、丁酸甲酯(MB)、丁酸乙酯(EB)、1,4-丁内酯(GBL)、环丁砜(SF)、二甲砜(MSM)、甲乙砜(EMS)、二乙砜(ESE)、乙二醇二甲醚、乙二醇二乙醚、二乙二醇二甲醚、三乙二醇二甲醚、四乙二醇二甲醚、1,3-二氧戊环、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、二苯醚、冠醚中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,电解液中还可以包括添加剂。例如,添加剂可以包括负极成膜添加剂,也可以包括正极成膜添加剂,还可以包括能够改善二次电池单体某些性能的添加剂,例如改善过充性能的添加剂、改善高温性能的添加剂、改善低温性能的添加剂等。
可选地,添加剂可以包括氟代碳酸乙烯酯(FEC)、碳酸亚乙烯酯(VC)、1,3-丙烷磺酸内酯(PS)、硫酸乙烯酯(DTD)中的一种或多种。
二次电池单体的制备方法是公知的。在一些实施例中,可将正极极片、隔离膜、负极极片和电解液组装形成二次电池单体。作为示例,可将正极极片、隔离膜、负极极片经卷绕工艺和/或叠片工艺形成电极组件,将电极组件置于外包装中,烘干后注入上述电解液,经过真空封装、静置、化成等工序,得到二次电池单体。
实施例
下述实施例更具体地描述了本公开公开的内容,这些实施例仅仅用于阐述性说明,因为在本公开的公开内容的范围内进行各种修改和变化对本领域技术人员来说是明显的。除非另有声明,以下实施例中所报道的所有份、百分比和比值都是基于质量计,而且实施例中使用的所有试剂都可商购获得或是按照常规方法进行合成获得,并且可直接使用而无需进一步处理,以及实施例中使用的仪器均可商购获得。
将市购原料为苯酚和甲醛的甲阶酚醛树脂类材料放入固化炉中,气氛设置为空气气氛,温度设置为155℃,保持该温度固化2h;结束后将固化炉的温度升高到270℃,保持该温度固化3h。两次固化结束后,将固化的酚醛树脂类材料取出,放置在空气中自然冷却后经破碎、砂磨、过筛、除磁,得到酚醛树脂类有机颗粒1-1#。
将市购原料为苯酚和甲醛的甲阶酚醛树脂类材料放入固化炉中,气氛设置为空气气氛,温度设置为155℃,保持该温度固化2h;结束后将固化炉的温度升高到290℃,保持该温度固化3h。两次固化结束后,将固化的酚醛树脂类材料取出,放置在空气中自然冷却后经破碎、砂磨、过筛、除磁,得到酚醛树脂类有机颗粒1-2#。
将市购原料为苯酚和甲醛的甲阶酚醛树脂类材料放入固化炉中,气氛设置为空气气氛,温度设置为155℃,保持该温度固化2h;结束后将固化炉的温度升高到250℃,保持该温度固化3h。两次固化结束后,将固化的酚醛树脂类材料取出,放置在空气中自然冷却后经破碎、砂磨、过筛、除磁,得到酚醛树脂类有机颗粒1-3#。
将市购原料为苯酚和甲醛的甲阶酚醛树脂类材料放入固化炉中,气氛设置为空气气氛,温度设置为170℃,保持该温度固化2h;结束后将固化炉的温度升高到270℃,保持该温度固化3h。两次固化结束后,将固化的酚醛树脂类材料取出,放置在空气中自然冷却后经破碎、砂磨、过筛、除磁,得到酚醛树脂类有机颗粒1-4#。
将市购原料为苯酚和甲醛的甲阶酚醛树脂类材料放入固化炉中,气氛设置为空气气氛,温度设置为350℃,保持该温度固化4h。固化结束后,将固化的酚醛树脂类材料取出,放置在空气中自然冷却后经破碎、砂磨、过筛、除磁,得到酚醛树脂类有机颗粒D1-1#。
有机颗粒性能测试
(1)有机颗粒的玻璃化转变温度Tg测试
取适量样品(例如5mg-15mg)置于差示扫描量热仪(DSC)坩埚中,抖平,盖上坩埚盖子;参数设置:氮气气氛,吹扫气60mL/min,保护气20mL/min;程序设置:以10℃/min升温速率从25℃升温至200℃,保持5min以消除热历史,再以10℃/min降温速率从200℃降温至-40℃,再以10℃/min升温速率升温至300℃。通过DSC曲线得到有机颗粒的玻璃化转变温度Tg或判断有机颗粒是否具有玻璃化转变温度Tg
(2)有机颗粒的熔点测试
取适量样品(例如5mg-15mg)置于差示扫描量热仪(DSC)坩埚中,抖平,盖上坩埚盖子;参数设置:氮气气氛,吹扫气60mL/min,保护气20mL/min;程序设置:以10℃/min升温速率从25℃升温至200℃,保持5min以消除热历史,再以10℃/min降温速率从200℃降温至-40℃,再以10℃/min升温速率升温至300℃。通过DSC曲线判断有机颗粒是否具有熔点。
(3)有机颗粒的溶胀度测试
取适量样品(例如约1g),质量记为m1,将其放置在半透膜样品袋中,封口,样品袋可渗透溶剂,但不能透过样品;将样品袋浸泡在适量溶剂(例如约50g)中,在60℃下恒温浸泡7天,之后将样品袋取出,再将样品从样品袋取出,擦去多余的溶剂,再次称量样品的质量m2;溶胀度=(m2-m1)/m1×100%。溶剂为碳酸乙烯酯(EC)、碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)按照体积比3:7混合得到的混合溶剂。
上述制备的有机颗粒1-1#至1-4#满足如下特征:酚醛树脂类有机颗粒为热固性丙阶树脂聚合物,其无熔点,且在300℃以下无玻璃化转变温度Tg
接下来将上述制备的有机颗粒用于隔离膜中,验证其对隔离膜以及二次电池单体性能的影响。
隔离膜制备工艺如下。
采用市售的厚度为7μm的聚乙烯微孔薄膜作为多孔基膜;将上述制备的有机颗粒、分散剂羧甲基纤维素钠、粘结剂聚丙烯酸酯按照固体质量比90:2:8于去离子水中搅拌混合均匀,得到浆料;将浆料均匀涂覆在多孔基膜的两个表面上,干燥除去溶剂,得到隔离膜。涂层厚度为1.5μm,隔离膜的厚度为10μm。
二次电池单体的制备工艺如下。
将正极活性材料LiFePO4、正极粘结剂聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)、正极导电剂碳黑按照质量比为97:2:1,加入N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)中,充分搅拌混合均匀后制备成正极浆料;将正极浆料均匀涂覆在正极集流体铝箔上,之后经过烘干、冷压、分切,得到正极极片。
将负极活性材料人造石墨、负极导电剂乙炔黑、负极粘结剂丁苯橡胶(SBR)、增稠剂羧甲基纤维素钠按照质量比为96.0:1.5:1.5:1,加入去离子水中,充分搅拌混合均匀后制备成负极浆料;将负极浆料均匀涂覆在负极集流体铜箔上,之后经过烘干、冷压、分切,得到负极极片。
在25℃下,将碳酸乙烯酯(EC)、碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)按照体积比3:7混合得到混合溶剂,然后将LiPF6和碳酸亚乙烯酯(VC)溶解在上述混合溶剂中,得到电解液。LiPF6的浓度为1mol/L。VC的质量分数为3%,基于电解液的质量计。
将正极极片、隔离膜、负极极片按顺序堆叠并卷绕、热压成型,得到电极组件,之后将电极组件装入铝塑膜中进行顶侧封封装,再经注入电解液、静置、化成、老化、排气、二封等工序,得到软包二次电池单体。
性能测试
(1)隔离膜的热收缩率测试
隔离膜的热收缩率测试可以参考GB/T 36363-2018。
将隔离膜用冲压机冲切成宽度为50mm、长度为100mm的样品,取5个平行样品放置在A4纸上,再将装有样品的A4纸放置在厚度为1mm至5mm的瓦楞纸上。
将鼓风式烘箱温度设置为130℃,待温度达到设定温度并稳定60min后,将放置在瓦楞纸上面的A4纸放入鼓风式烘箱,开始计时,到达设定时间(本公开为1h)后,测量隔离膜的长度和宽度,数值分别标记为a和b。
热收缩率计算:纵向(MD)热收缩率=[(100-a)/100]×100%,横向(TD)热收缩率=[(50-b)/50]×100%,取3个平行样品的平均值作为测试结果。
(2)隔离膜的透气性测试
隔离膜的透气性测试可以参考GB/T 36363-2018。
将隔离膜裁剪成5cm大小的正方形,使用透气仪,施加1.21kPa压力,测试100ml空气透过6.45cm2隔离膜所需的时间,作为透气值,以s/100ml计。取3个平行样品的平均值作为测试结果。隔离膜的透气值越大,透气性越差。
(3)二次电池单体的直流阻抗DCR测试
在25℃下,将二次电池单体用0.33C倍率恒流充电至3.8V后,恒压充电至电流为0.05C,搁置5min,再以0.33C恒流放电至2V,记录恒流放电容量,记为初始容量C0。然后将二次电池单体搁置5min,以0.33C0倍率恒流充电至3.8V后,恒压充电至电流为0.05C,搁置5min,再以0.33C0倍率恒流放电1.5h,搁置30min,以3C0倍率恒流放电30s,搁置5min,记录1.5C0倍率恒流放电前后的电压数值分别为U1、U2,依据公式DCR=(U1-U2)/1.5C0,计算得到二次电池单体50%SOC状态下DCR。
表1
由上述测试结果可知,本公开实施例制备的酚醛树脂类有机颗粒具有较低的溶胀度,可以使隔离膜具有高耐热性和高透气性,使二次电池单体具有较低的内阻和良好的动力学性能。
接下来将酚醛树脂类有机颗粒替换为含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒。
将市售甲阶三聚氰胺甲醛树脂颗粒在空气气氛、230℃下固化4.5h,之后经过破碎、砂磨、过筛、除磁,得到含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒2-1#。甲阶三聚氰胺甲醛树脂中原料甲醛与三聚氰胺摩尔比为2.4:1。
将市售甲阶三聚氰胺甲醛树脂颗粒在空气气氛、245℃下固化4.5h,之后经过破碎、砂磨、过筛、除磁,得到含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒2-2#。甲阶三聚氰胺甲醛树脂中原料甲醛与三聚氰胺摩尔比为2.4:1。
将市售甲阶三聚氰胺甲醛树脂颗粒在空气气氛、260℃下固化4.5h,之后经过破碎、砂磨、过筛、除磁,得到含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒2-3#。甲阶三聚氰胺甲醛树脂中原料甲醛与三聚氰胺摩尔比为2.4:1。
将市售甲阶三聚氰胺甲醛树脂颗粒在空气气氛、150℃下固化4.5h,之后经过破碎、砂磨、过筛、除磁,得到含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒D2-1#。甲阶三聚氰胺甲醛树脂中原料甲醛与三聚氰胺摩尔比为2.4:1。
上述制备的有机颗粒2-1#至2-3#还满足如下特征:无熔点,且在300℃以下无玻璃化转变温度Tg
表2
由上述测试结果可知,本公开实施例制备的含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒具有较低的溶胀度,可以使隔离膜具有高耐热性和高透气性,使二次电池单体具有较低的内阻和良好的动力学性能。
接下来将酚醛树脂类有机颗粒替换为交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒。
将0.8g十二烷基硫酸钠、80mg过硫酸钠、20ml去离子水、29g苯乙烯、11g二乙烯基苯进行乳化得到预乳液备用。向反应器中加入140g去离子水,升温至68℃,在氮气保护、搅拌条件下滴加上述备用预乳液,反应4h后升温至75℃熟化反应2h,得到交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒3-1#乳液。
将0.8g十二烷基硫酸钠、80mg过硫酸钠、20ml去离子水、26g苯乙烯、14g二乙烯基苯进行乳化得到预乳液备用。向反应器中加入140g去离子水,升温至68℃,在氮气保护、搅拌条件下滴加上述备用预乳液,反应4h后升温至75℃熟化反应2h,得到交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒3-2#乳液。
将0.8g十二烷基硫酸钠、80mg过硫酸钠、20ml去离子水、31.5g苯乙烯、8.5g二乙烯基苯进行乳化得到预乳液备用。向反应器中加入140g去离子水,升温至68℃,在氮气保护、搅拌条件下滴加上述备用预乳液,反应4h后升温至75℃熟化反应2h,得到交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒3-3#乳液。
将0.8g十二烷基硫酸钠、80mg过硫酸钠、20ml去离子水、39.5g苯乙烯、0.5g二乙烯基苯进行乳化得到预乳液备用。向反应器中加入140g去离子水,升温至68℃,在氮气保护、搅拌条件下滴加上述备用预乳液,反应4h后升温至75℃熟化反应2h,得到交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒D3-1#乳液。
上述制备的有机颗粒3-1#至3-3#满足如下特征:无熔点,玻璃化转变温度Tg在114℃至158℃之间。
表3
由上述测试结果可知,本公开实施例制备的交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒具有较低的溶胀度,可以使隔离膜具有高耐热性和高透气性,使二次电池单体具有较低的内阻和良好的动力学性能。
接下来将酚醛树脂类有机颗粒替换为含硅有机树脂颗粒。
将0.3g过硫酸钠、0.3g碳酸氢钠、1.5g十二烷基硫酸钠、30g去离子水、52.2gγ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三异丙氧基硅烷、3g 3-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷和4.8g二乙烯基苯乳化得到预乳液备用。取一反应器,加入210g去离子水,升温至70℃,在氮气保护、搅拌条件下滴加上述预乳液,反应4h后升温至90℃熟化反应2h,即可得到含硅有机树脂颗粒4-1#乳液。
将0.3g过硫酸钠、0.3g碳酸氢钠、1.5g十二烷基硫酸钠、30g去离子水、49.8gγ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三异丙氧基硅烷、3g 3-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷和7.2g二乙烯基苯乳化得到预乳液备用。取一反应器,加入210g去离子水,升温至70℃,在氮气保护、搅拌条件下滴加上述预乳液,反应4h后升温至90℃熟化反应2h,即可得到含硅有机树脂颗粒4-2#乳液。
将0.3g过硫酸钠、0.3g碳酸氢钠、1.5g十二烷基硫酸钠、30g去离子水、52.2gγ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三异丙氧基硅烷、3g 3-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷和4.8g二乙烯基苯乳化得到预乳液备用。取一反应器,加入210g去离子水,升温至70℃,在氮气保护、搅拌条件下滴加上述预乳液,反应4h后升温至80℃熟化反应3h,即可得到含硅有机树脂颗粒4-3#乳液。
将0.3g过硫酸钠、0.3g碳酸氢钠、1.5g十二烷基硫酸钠、30g去离子水、57gγ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三异丙氧基硅烷、3g 3-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷乳化得到预乳液备用。取一反应器,加入210g去离子水,升温至70℃,在氮气保护、搅拌条件下滴加上述预乳液,反应4h后升温至75℃熟化反应1h,即可得到含硅有机树脂颗粒D4-1#乳液。
上述制备的有机颗粒4-1#至4-3#满足如下特征:含硅有机树脂颗粒是以碳碳键为主链形成的网络结构,侧链含有硅氧结构,其无熔点,且在300℃以下无玻璃化转变温度Tg
表4
由上述测试结果可知,本公开实施例制备的含硅有机树脂颗粒具有较低的溶胀度,可以使隔离膜具有高耐热性和高透气性,使二次电池单体具有较低的内阻和良好的动力学性能。
需要说明的是,本公开不限定于上述实施方式。上述实施方式仅为示例,在本公开的技术方案范围内具有与技术思想实质相同的构成、发挥相同作用效果的实施方式均包含在本公开的技术范围内。此外,在不脱离本公开主旨的范围内,对实施方式施加本领域技术人员能够想到的各种变形、将实施方式中的一部分构成要素加以组合而构筑的其它方式也包含在本公开的范围内。

Claims (27)

  1. 一种二次电池单体,包括正极极片、负极极片以及隔离膜,所述隔离膜设置在所述正极极片和所述负极极片之间,所述隔离膜包括多孔基膜以及位于所述多孔基膜至少一侧的涂层,其中,所述涂层包括有机颗粒,所述有机颗粒在碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸甲乙酯按照体积比3:7组成的混合溶剂中于60℃恒温浸泡7天的溶胀度小于等于3%。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的二次电池单体,其中,所述有机颗粒在碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸甲乙酯按照体积比3:7组成的混合溶剂中于60℃恒温浸泡7天的溶胀度小于等于2.5%。
  3. 根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的二次电池单体,其中,
    所述有机颗粒的真密度为1.0g/cm3-2.0g/cm3;可选为1.0g/cm3-1.8g/cm3;和/或,
    所述有机颗粒的体积分布粒径Dv50小于1μm,可选为50nm-850nm。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的二次电池单体,其中,
    所述有机颗粒为热固性树脂聚合物或交联聚合物中的至少一种;和/或,
    所述有机颗粒为无定形聚合物。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的二次电池单体,其中,所述有机颗粒无熔点。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的二次电池单体,其中,所述有机颗粒包括酚醛树脂类有机颗粒、含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒、交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒、含硅有机树脂颗粒中的一种或多种。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的二次电池单体,其中,
    所述酚醛树脂类有机颗粒为热固性丙阶树脂聚合物;和/或,
    所述酚醛树脂类有机颗粒在300℃以下无玻璃化转变温度;和/或,
    所述酚醛树脂类有机颗粒的体积分布粒径Dv50为220nm-850nm。
  8. 根据权利要求6-7任一项所述的二次电池单体,其中,
    所述含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒包括连接所述三嗪环结构单元的桥连结构;和/或,
    所述含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒在300℃以下无玻璃化转变温度;和/或,
    所述含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒的体积分布粒径Dv50为220nm-850nm。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的二次电池单体,其中,所述桥连结构包括亚烷基、亚烷基醚、亚烷基胺、酯基、酰胺基中的一种或两种以上的组合。
  10. 根据权利要求6-9任一项所述的二次电池单体,其中,所述含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒的三嗪环结构单元上还具有取代基,所述取代基包括烷基、烯基、苯基、环烷基、胺基、羟基、卤素中的一种或多种的组合。
  11. 根据权利要求6-10任一项所述的二次电池单体,其中,所述含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒包括如下中的至少一种:三聚氰胺醛类聚合物及其衍生物、醚化的三聚氰胺醛类聚合物及其衍生物、醚化的三聚氰胺醛-多元醇聚合物及其衍生物、醚化的三聚氰胺醛-多元羧酸聚合物及其衍生物、醚化的三聚氰胺醛-多元胺酰胺聚合物及其衍生物。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的二次电池单体,其中,
    所述三聚氰胺醛类聚合物及其衍生物包括三聚氰胺甲醛、苯代三聚氰胺甲醛、三聚氰胺-苯代三聚氰胺甲醛、三聚氰胺-(2,4-二胺基-1,3,5-三嗪)甲醛、三聚氰胺-(6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二胺)甲醛、三聚氰胺-(2,4,6-三乙胺基-1,3,5-三嗪)甲醛、三肼基均三嗪甲醛、三聚氰胺-(2-氨基-4-甲基氨基-1,3,5-三嗪)甲醛、三聚氰胺-(2,4-二氨基-6-二甲氨基-1,3,5-三嗪)甲醛中的一种或多种;和/或,
    所述醚化的三聚氰胺醛类聚合物及其衍生物包括甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛、甲醚化苯代三聚氰胺甲醛、丁醚化苯代三聚氰胺甲醛中的一种或多种;和/或,
    所述醚化的三聚氰胺醛-多元醇聚合物及其衍生物包括甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-乙二醇聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-1,2丙二醇聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-1,4丁二醇聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-聚酯多元醇聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-聚乙烯醇聚合物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-乙二醇聚合物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-1,2丙二醇聚合物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-1,4丁二醇聚合物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-聚酯多元醇聚合物中的一种或多种;和/或,
    所述醚化的三聚氰胺醛-多元羧酸聚合物及其衍生物包括甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-乙二酸聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-丙二酸聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-丁二酸聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-柠檬酸聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-对苯二甲酸聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-邻苯二甲酸聚合物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-乙二酸聚合物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-丙二酸聚合物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-柠檬酸聚合物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-对苯二甲酸聚合物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-邻苯二甲酸聚合物中的一种或多种;和/或,
    所述醚化的三聚氰胺醛-多元胺酰胺聚合物及其衍生物包括甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-乙二酰胺聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-丙二酰胺聚合物、甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-异邻苯二甲酰亚胺聚合物、丁醚化三聚氰胺甲醛-乙二酰胺聚合物中的一种或多种。
  13. 根据权利要求6-12任一项所述的二次电池单体,其中,
    所述交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒包括苯乙烯或苯乙烯衍生物结构单元以及交联结构单元;和/或,
    所述交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒的玻璃化转变温度Tg为114℃-158℃;和/或,
    所述交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒的体积分布粒径Dv50为86nm-300nm。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的二次电池单体,其中,
    所述苯乙烯或苯乙烯衍生物结构单元包括苯乙烯结构单元、1-甲基-1-苯乙烯结构单元、4-甲基苯乙烯结构单元、2-甲基苯乙烯结构单元、2,4-二甲基苯乙烯结构单元、2,5-二甲基苯乙烯结构单元中的一种或多种;和/或,
    所述交联结构单元包括二乙烯基苯结构单元、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯结构单元、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯结构单元、1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯结构单元、1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯结构单元、1,8-辛二醇二丙烯酸酯结构单元、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯结构单元、三甲基丙烯酸季戊四醇酯结构单元、四甘醇二甲基丙烯酸酯结构单元、二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯结构单元、N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺结构单元、N,N’-乙烯基双丙烯酰胺结构单元、1,3,5-三丙烯酰基六氢-1,3,5-三嗪结构单元、三聚异氰尿酸三烯丙酯结构单元中的一种或多种。
  15. 根据权利要求6-14任一项所述的二次电池单体,其中,
    所述含硅有机树脂颗粒为含硅有机交联树脂颗粒,所述含硅有机树脂颗粒含有碳碳键和硅氧结构;和/或,
    所述含硅有机树脂颗粒在300℃以下无玻璃化转变温度;和/或,
    所述含硅有机树脂颗粒的体积分布粒径Dv50为86nm-300nm。
  16. 根据权利要求6-15任一项所述的二次电池单体,其中,所述含硅有机树脂颗粒为含硅有机交联树脂颗粒,所述含硅有机树脂颗粒是以碳碳键为主链形成的网络结构,侧链含有硅氧结构。
  17. 根据权利要求15-16任一项所述的二次电池单体,其中,所述含硅有机交联树脂颗粒包括交联结构单元;
    可选地,所述交联结构单元包括二乙烯基苯结构单元、二乙二醇二乙烯基醚结构单元、三乙二醇二乙烯基醚结构单元、顺丁烯二酸二烯丙酯结构单元、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯结构单元、1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯结构单元、1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯结构单元、1,8-辛二醇二丙烯酸酯结构单元、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯结构单元、三甲基丙烯酸季戊四醇酯结构单元、四甘醇二甲基丙烯酸酯结构单元、二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯结构单元、2,2,4-三甲基己二酰二[2-乙基氮丙啶]结构单元、1,1-壬二酰二[2-甲基氮丙啶]结构单元、1,1-(1,3-亚苯基二羰基)二[2-甲基氮丙啶]结构单元、三羟甲基丙烷三(2-甲基-1-氮丙啶基丙酸酯)结构单元、三羟甲基丙烷-三[3-(2-甲基氮丙啶基)丙酸酯]结构单元、季戊四醇三(3-氮丙啶基)丙酸酯结构单元中的一种或多种。
  18. 根据权利要求1-17任一项所述的二次电池单体,其中,所述有机颗粒的体积分布粒径Dv50与所述多孔基膜的平均孔径的比值大于等于1.1。
  19. 根据权利要求1-18任一项所述的二次电池单体,其中,
    所述涂层还包括粘结剂;和/或,
    以所述涂层的总质量计,所述有机颗粒的质量含量为50%-99%;和/或,
    所述涂层的厚度为0.5μm-5μm;和/或,
    所述涂层的面密度为0.45g/m2-5g/m2
  20. 根据权利要求1-19任一项所述的二次电池单体,其中,所述隔离膜的透气值为160s/100ml-230s/100ml。
  21. 一种电池装置,包括多个权利要求1-20任一项所述的二次电池单体。
  22. 一种用电装置,包括权利要求1-20任一项所述的二次电池单体或权利要求21所述的电池装置。
  23. 一种隔离膜,包括多孔基膜以及位于所述多孔基膜至少一侧的涂层,其中,所述涂层包括有机颗粒,所述有机颗粒在碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸甲乙酯按照体积比3:7组成的混合溶剂中于60℃恒温浸泡7天的溶胀度小于等于3%。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的隔离膜,其中,
    所述有机颗粒的真密度为1.0g/cm3-2.0g/cm3;可选为1.0g/cm3-1.8g/cm3;和/或,
    所述有机颗粒的体积分布粒径Dv50小于1μm,可选为50nm-850nm。
  25. 根据权利要求23-24任一项所述的隔离膜,其中,
    所述有机颗粒为热固性树脂聚合物或交联聚合物中的至少一种;和/或,
    所述有机颗粒为无定形聚合物。
  26. 根据权利要求23-25任一项所述的隔离膜,其中,所述有机颗粒无熔点。
  27. 根据权利要求23-26任一项所述的隔离膜,其中,所述有机颗粒包括酚醛树脂类有机颗粒、含有三嗪环结构单元的聚合物颗粒、交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒、含硅有机树脂颗粒中的一种或多种。
PCT/CN2025/074969 2024-07-15 2025-01-24 隔离膜、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置 Pending WO2026016451A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202410946468.3 2024-07-15
CN202410946468 2024-07-15
CN202411383460.7A CN121355525A (zh) 2024-07-15 2024-09-30 隔离膜、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置
CN202411383460.7 2024-09-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2026016451A1 true WO2026016451A1 (zh) 2026-01-22

Family

ID=98398487

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2025/074969 Pending WO2026016451A1 (zh) 2024-07-15 2025-01-24 隔离膜、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN121355525A (zh)
WO (1) WO2026016451A1 (zh)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090067119A1 (en) * 2005-12-08 2009-03-12 Hideaki Katayama Separator for electrochemical device and method for producing the same, and electrochemical device and method for producing the same
JP2009199798A (ja) * 2008-02-20 2009-09-03 Hitachi Maxell Ltd リチウム二次電池
CN104852008A (zh) * 2015-05-06 2015-08-19 东莞市魔方新能源科技有限公司 一种锂离子二次电池用隔离膜
CN109037555A (zh) * 2018-07-03 2018-12-18 上海恩捷新材料科技股份有限公司 锂离子电池隔离膜及其制备方法
WO2023098646A1 (zh) * 2021-11-30 2023-06-08 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 一种隔膜和含有该隔膜的电池

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090067119A1 (en) * 2005-12-08 2009-03-12 Hideaki Katayama Separator for electrochemical device and method for producing the same, and electrochemical device and method for producing the same
JP2009199798A (ja) * 2008-02-20 2009-09-03 Hitachi Maxell Ltd リチウム二次電池
CN104852008A (zh) * 2015-05-06 2015-08-19 东莞市魔方新能源科技有限公司 一种锂离子二次电池用隔离膜
CN109037555A (zh) * 2018-07-03 2018-12-18 上海恩捷新材料科技股份有限公司 锂离子电池隔离膜及其制备方法
WO2023098646A1 (zh) * 2021-11-30 2023-06-08 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 一种隔膜和含有该隔膜的电池

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN121355525A (zh) 2026-01-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US11145852B2 (en) Anode active material and anode using same, electrochemical device and electronic device
US20220093906A1 (en) Secondary battery, method for manufacturing the same, and apparatus containing the same
KR20250034981A (ko) 분리막 및 이의 제조 방법, 이차전지 및 전기기기
WO2026016449A1 (zh) 隔离膜、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置
WO2026016447A1 (zh) 隔离膜、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置
WO2026016446A1 (zh) 隔离膜、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置
WO2026016448A1 (zh) 隔离膜、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置
WO2026016450A1 (zh) 隔离膜、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置
WO2026067659A1 (zh) 隔离膜及其制备方法、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置
WO2026066246A1 (zh) 隔离膜及其制备方法、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置
WO2026016683A1 (zh) 交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒及其制备方法、交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒乳液、隔离膜、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置
WO2026066244A1 (zh) 隔离膜、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置
WO2026016686A1 (zh) 含硅有机树脂颗粒及其制备方法、含硅有机树脂颗粒乳液、隔离膜、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置
WO2026016685A1 (zh) 有机聚合物颗粒及其制备方法、隔离膜、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置
WO2026016678A1 (zh) 交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒及其制备方法、交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒乳液、隔离膜、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置
WO2026016684A1 (zh) 交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒及其制备方法、交联苯乙烯类有机颗粒乳液、隔离膜、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置
KR102967757B1 (ko) 바인더 및 그 제조 방법, 분리막, 극판, 전극조립체, 배터리셀, 배터리 및 전기기기
WO2026066243A1 (zh) 隔离膜及其制备方法、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置
WO2026066250A1 (zh) 隔离膜及其制备方法、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置
WO2026016680A1 (zh) 有机聚合物颗粒及其制备方法、隔离膜、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置
WO2026066247A1 (zh) 含硅有机树脂及其制备方法、含硅有机树脂分散液、隔离膜、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置
WO2026066249A1 (zh) 含硅有机树脂颗粒及其制备方法、含硅有机树脂颗粒分散液、隔离膜、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置
CN121355525A (zh) 隔离膜、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置
WO2026016676A1 (zh) 含硅有机树脂颗粒及其制备方法、含硅有机树脂颗粒乳液、隔离膜、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置
WO2026066248A1 (zh) 隔离膜及其制备方法、二次电池单体、电池装置和用电装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 25839774

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1