WO2026016404A1 - 一种柔性的定制化3d热管及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种柔性的定制化3d热管及其制备方法和应用Info
- Publication number
- WO2026016404A1 WO2026016404A1 PCT/CN2024/140193 CN2024140193W WO2026016404A1 WO 2026016404 A1 WO2026016404 A1 WO 2026016404A1 CN 2024140193 W CN2024140193 W CN 2024140193W WO 2026016404 A1 WO2026016404 A1 WO 2026016404A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heat pipe
- mold
- customized
- flexible
- liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/2029—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a liquid coolant with phase change in electronic enclosures
- H05K7/20336—Heat pipes, e.g. wicks or capillary pumps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/2029—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a liquid coolant with phase change in electronic enclosures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/2029—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a liquid coolant with phase change in electronic enclosures
- H05K7/20327—Accessories for moving fluid, for connecting fluid conduits, for distributing fluid or for preventing leakage, e.g. pumps, tanks or manifolds
Definitions
- This application belongs to the field of two-phase cycle thermal management device technology, specifically relating to a flexible, customized 3D heat pipe, its fabrication method, and its application.
- Additive manufacturing technology is one of the effective solutions to the customization challenge. Most research focuses on using the characteristics of additive manufacturing to create wick structures with controllable capillary properties, while limited research has directly molded complete structures including the shell and wick.
- the characteristics of heat pipe devices require manufacturing processes that can meet the requirements of strong sealing, high thermal conductivity, low cost, and lightweight.
- SLM Surface Mount Technology
- SLM technology can only manufacture a thermal management device whose cost and weight exceed those of the electronic device itself, which is unacceptable.
- the purpose of this application is to provide a flexible, customized 3D heat pipe, its preparation method, and its application.
- the customized 3D heat pipe can be laid along any three-dimensional path of an electronic device as needed, making full use of the space of the electronic device for thermal management.
- the cross-section of the flexible absorbent core perpendicular to its extension direction is a curve of a periodic function, which can be a trigonometric function, a polynomial function, or a Gaussian function.
- the flexible shell is formed by sealing an upper shell and a lower shell together.
- the upper shell and the lower shell together form two ports.
- the upper shell and the lower shell are respectively provided with sealing edges that can be heat-fused and sealed at corresponding positions on their outer edges except for the ports.
- the flexible, customized 3D heat pipe 1 includes a flexible shell 11, a flexible wick 12, and a working fluid (not shown in the figure).
- a working fluid flow channel 111 is formed within the flexible shell 11.
- the flexible wick 12 is disposed within the working fluid flow channel 111. At any cross-section of the working fluid flow channel 111 perpendicular to its extension direction, the flexible wick 12 contacts the top and bottom surfaces of the working fluid flow channel 111, respectively.
- the working fluid flows within the working fluid flow channel 111.
- the flexible wick 12 absorbs the liquid working fluid through capillary action. The liquid working fluid absorbs heat emitted by the control chip and evaporates into a gaseous state.
- the cross-section of the flexible absorbent core 12 is a curve of a polynomial function with a period of 1.5 mm and an amplitude of 0.5 mm (the thickness of the flexible absorbent core 12 is twice the amplitude, i.e., 1 mm).
- the flexible shell 11 is a metal-plastic film material composed of two polymer layers and a metal layer sandwiched between the two polymer layers, wherein the polymer layer is made of polypropylene and the metal layer is made of aluminum; the flexible liquid-absorbing core 12 is a multi-layer self-supporting copper wire mesh that has been hydrophilically treated.
- the method for fabricating the customized 3D heat pipe 1 in this embodiment includes the following steps:
- the flexible shell 11 of the customized 3D heat pipe 1 includes an upper shell and a lower shell (not shown in the figure) that are covered and sealed. After the upper shell and the lower shell are covered, two ports are formed (not shown in the figure).
- the upper shell and the lower shell are respectively provided with sealing edges that can be heat-fused and sealed at the corresponding positions of the ports on their outer edges.
- the morphological trajectory includes the sealing edge and the region of curvature abrupt change in the custom 3D heat pipe 1.
- the 3D data processing software is CloudCompare.
- the 3D modeling software is Matlab
- the 2D mapping algorithm is the conformal mapping method.
- the molding die includes an upper molding die 21 and a lower molding die 22.
- the middle part of the mating surface of the upper molding die 21 and the lower molding die 22 has the same shape as the flexible liquid-absorbing core 12.
- the pre-packaged mold includes a pre-packaged upper mold 31 and a pre-packaged lower mold 32.
- the middle part of the mating surface of the pre-packaged upper mold 31 and the pre-packaged lower mold 32 has the same shape as the customized 3D heat pipe 1.
- the computer-aided design software is Solidworks
- the photopolymerization 3D printing technology is digital light processing
- the material of the molding mold and the pre-encapsulation mold is phenolic-based high-temperature resistant photosensitive resin.
- the pre-packaged upper mold 31, flexible heater 33, upper shell sheet 34, flexible liquid absorber 12, lower shell sheet 35 and pre-packaged lower mold 32 are stacked in sequence.
- the pre-packaged upper mold 31 and pre-packaged lower mold 32 are engaged to apply a normal force to the upper shell sheet 34 and lower shell sheet 35, and the flexible heater 33 is heated to seal the sealing edge to obtain a pre-packaged heat pipe.
- the pre-packaged heat pipe forms two ports on the outer edge that is not sealed by the sealing edge.
- the mating surfaces of the upper molding die 21 and the lower molding die 22 have periodic contour surfaces obtained by scanning a curve of a periodic function along a planned trajectory.
- the period of this periodic function is 1.5 mm, and the amplitude is 0.5 mm.
- the non-mating surfaces of the upper molding die 21 and the lower molding die 22 are free-form surfaces obtained by scanning a straight line along the planned trajectory.
- the upper molding die 21 and the lower molding die 22 have mating screw holes 41 on both sides along their extension direction, allowing them to be locked together by bolts 43 and nuts 42.
- the absorbent core material 23 is placed between the upper molding die 21 and the lower molding die 22. Then, nuts 42 are passed through the screw holes 41 on the upper molding die 21 and the lower molding die 22 in sequence, and locked by bolts 43 and nuts 42 to apply a normal force to the absorbent core material 23. After standing for 2 minutes, the bolts 43 and nuts 42 are loosened, and the absorbent core material 23 is shaped by the upper molding die 21 and the lower molding die 22 to obtain a three-dimensional absorbent core with a periodic contour surface. The three-dimensional absorbent core is then subjected to hydrophilic treatment to obtain a flexible absorbent core 12.
- the mating surfaces of the pre-encapsulation upper mold 31 and the pre-encapsulation lower mold form a curved rectangular groove extending along a planned trajectory in the middle, and the two sides of the pre-encapsulation upper mold 31 and the pre-encapsulation lower mold 32 form contact surfaces that contact each other along the extension direction.
- the width of the curved rectangular groove is 15mm and the height is 1mm.
- the non-mating surfaces of the pre-encapsulation upper mold 31 and the pre-encapsulation lower mold are free-form surfaces scanned by a straight line along the planned trajectory.
- the pre-encapsulation upper mold 31 and the pre-encapsulation lower mold 32 are respectively provided with mutually mating screw holes 41 on the contact surfaces, and the pre-encapsulation upper mold 31 and the pre-encapsulation lower mold 32 can be locked by bolts 43 and nuts 42.
- the widths of the upper shell sheet 34 and the lower shell sheet 35 are slightly larger than the width of the curved rectangular groove, so that the parts on both sides of the upper shell sheet 34 that serve as the sealing edges of the upper shell do not enter the curved rectangular groove and do not contact the screw hole 41, and the same applies to the lower shell.
- the pre-encapsulated upper mold 31, flexible heater 33, upper shell sheet 34, flexible liquid-absorbing core 12, lower shell sheet 35, and pre-encapsulated lower mold are stacked sequentially, with the shape and position of the flexible heater 33 corresponding to the sealing edge.
- Nuts 42 are then passed through the pre-encapsulated upper mold 31 and lower shell sheet 35 sequentially, and tightened by bolts 43 and nuts 42 to apply normal force to the upper shell sheet 34 and lower shell sheet 35. After standing for 15 minutes, the bolts 43 and nuts 42 are loosened, and the upper shell sheet 34 and lower shell sheet 35 are shaped to form the upper and lower shells, respectively.
- a working fluid flow channel containing the flexible liquid-absorbing core 12 is formed between the upper and lower shells.
- the flexible heater 33 then heats the upper shell sheet 34 and lower shell sheet 35 to seal the sealing edge, resulting in a pre-encapsulated heat pipe. All sides of the pre-encapsulated heat pipe, except for the two ports, are sealed.
- One port is treated as a drain port, and then the other port is sealed.
- the pre-encapsulated heat pipe is evacuated and filled with working fluid through the port that has been treated as a drain port. Finally, the port that has been treated as a drain port is sealed, thus obtaining the customized 3D heat pipe 1 of this embodiment.
- Figure 5 is a comparison of the heat dissipation effect of the customized 3D heat pipe 1 and several existing heat pipes in the VR headset 5 device. It can be seen that under the same heating power, the customized 3D heat pipe 1 can reduce the absolute temperature by about 40% to 50% and increase the maximum heating power by 3 to 5 times.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
Abstract
本申请公开了一种柔性的定制化3D热管及其制备方法和应用,其中,定制化3D热管部分与控制芯片接触以吸收控制芯片产生的热量,定制化3D热管的其余部分能够根据需要沿电子设备的任意三维路径进行铺设,然后将控制芯片积聚的热量传递至电子设备中的铺设有定制化3D热管的任意空间区域,在不影响电子设备的体积与其他部件的安装空间的前提下,最大化热管的散热面积,相比于传统的2D平板热管,能够实现电子设备更高效的热管理。
Description
本申请属于两相循环的热管理器件技术领域,具体涉及一种柔性的定制化3D热管及其制备方法和应用。
新兴电子器件大多都具有体积小、集成度高和形状非规则等特点,使大部分热管理方案因为安装空间受限而难以直接应用。热管技术凭借其空间占比小、传热效率高与应用成本低等优势成为解决小型电子器件高热流密度问题的主流散热方案。
然而,受限于热管高度密封的器件需求,形态的复杂化与定制化对热管的密封加工提出了巨大的挑战,这让绝大部分微型热管维持着一维、二维的简单几何形态。虽然在智能手机、笔记本电脑等平板器件的应用中取得了显著应用,但在如AR/VR眼睛、摄影机等更多具备复杂形态的电子设备中却只能将热量管理至电子元件所在平面内,依然有巨大的未开拓空间可供热量分配。
增材制造技术是解决定制化难题的有效方案之一。大多数研究专注于利用增材制造特点制造毛细特性可控的吸液芯结构,有限的研究直接成型了包含壳体与吸液芯的完整结构。热管的器件特点要求制造工艺能够满足强密封、高导热、低成本与轻质等特点。但在现阶段SLM的技术限制下,通过SLM技术只能制造出一个成本、重量都超出电子设备本身的热管理器件,这是难以接受的。
本申请的目的提供一种柔性的定制化3D热管及其制备方法和应用,其中,定制化3D热管能够根据需要沿电子设备的任意三维路径进行铺设,充分利用电子设备的空间进行热管理。
本申请的技术方案如下:
一种柔性的定制化3D热管,设置于电子设备中且部分与电子设备的控制芯片接触,其包括柔性壳体、柔性吸液芯和工质;
柔性壳体内形成工质流通槽,柔性吸液芯设置于工质流通槽内,在工质流通槽垂直于其延伸方向的任意截面上,柔性吸液芯分别与工质流通槽的顶面和底面接触;
工质在工质流通槽内流通,柔性吸液芯通过毛细作用吸收液态的工质,液态的工质吸收控制芯片散发的热量后蒸发转化为气态,然后通过工质流通槽的顶面和底面散热凝结成液态并回流至柔性吸液芯上。
在一些可能的实现方式中,柔性吸液芯垂直于其延伸方向的截面为周期性函数的曲线,周期性函数为三角函数、多项式函数或高斯函数。
在一些可能的实现方式中,周期函数的波长为0.1~2.5mm,周期函数的振幅为0.05~0.75mm;
工质流通槽的宽度为5~40mm,高度为0.1~1.5mm。
在一些可能的实现方式中,柔性吸液芯的材质为经过亲水处理的铜丝网、不锈钢丝网或铁铬铝丝网;
柔性壳体由两层聚合物层以及设置在两层聚合物层之间的金属层复合得到,金属层的材质为铜、铝或不锈钢,聚合物层的材质为低密度聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚丙烯或聚乙烯。
在一些可能的实现方式中,柔性吸液芯由多层经过亲水处理的铜丝网、不锈钢丝网或铁铬铝丝网堆叠后压制得到;
亲水处理的方法为涂层法、阳极氧化法或化学沉积法。
本申请对定制化3D热管的工质不做限制,可以选用任意本领域技术人员常用且与柔性吸液芯和柔性壳体不发生反应的工质。示例性地,工质可以选自去离子水、乙醇和甲醇中的至少一种。
一种上述的定制化3D热管制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将目标模型转化为点云数据,然后根据点云数据沿定制化3D热管的两相循环方向规划出定制化3D热管的形态轨迹;
其中,柔性壳体由上壳体和下壳体盖合后密封得到,其中上壳体和下壳体盖合后形成两个端口,上壳体和下壳体分别在其外沿除端口的对应位置上设置可以热熔密封的密封边;
形态轨迹包括密封边和定制化3D热管的曲率突变的区域;
(2)提取形态轨迹中的三维点坐标,在三维建模软件中沿相邻的形态轨迹由三维片体生成三维曲面,通过二维映射算法将三维曲面展开转化为二维展开平面,然后沿二维展开平面制备上壳体片材、下壳体片材、吸液芯片材以及与密封边形状相同的柔性加热器;
(3)结合三维曲面和形态轨迹生成柔性吸液芯的塑形模具的三维模型和定制化3D热管的预封装模具的三维模型,然后通过光固化3D打印技术打印塑形模具和预封装模具;
其中,塑形模具包括塑形上模具和塑形下模具,塑形上模具和塑形下模具的配合面的中部与柔性吸液芯的形状相同;
预封装模具包括预封装上模具和预封装下模具,预封装上模具和预封装下模具的配合面的中部与定制化3D热管的形状相同;
(4)将多片吸液芯片材堆叠后放置于塑形上模具和塑形下模具之间,塑形上模具和塑形下模具的配合向吸液芯片材施加法向力,得到三维吸液芯,对三维吸液芯进行亲水处理,得到柔性吸液芯;
(5)将预封装上模具、柔性加热器、上壳体片材、柔性吸液芯、下壳体片材和预封装下模具依次堆叠,预封装上模具和预封装下模具的配合向上壳体片材和下壳体片材施加法向力,加热柔性加热器以对密封边进行密封,得到预封装热管,预封装热管未通过密封边密封的外沿形成两个端口;
(6)对其中一个端口进行排流口处理,然后对另一个端口进行密封,从经过排流口处理的端口对预封装热管进行抽真空和灌工质,最后密封经过排流口处理的端口,得到定制化3D热管。
在上述各步骤中,步骤(1)通过三维数据处理软件进行,步骤(2)中沿三维点坐标生成曲面的三维片体通过三维建模软件实现,步骤(3)中三维模型的生成通过计算机辅助设计软件实现。本申请对制备方法中使用的各软件和算法不做限定,只要能实现相应的功能即可。示例性地,三维数据处理软件可以为MeshLab、CloudCompare、Autodesk Recap或Blender;三维建模软件可以为Matlab、Autodesk 3ds Max或Rhinoceros;二维映射算法可以为最小能量展开法、共形映射法或等距映射法;计算机辅助设计软件可以为Solidworks、UG或Catia。
在一些可能的实现方式中,光固化3D打印技术为立体光刻(SLA)、数字光处理(DLP)、连续液体界面生产(CLIP)或掩模立体光刻(MSLA)。
在一些可能的实现方式中,塑形模具和预封装模具的材料分别独立选环氧基树脂、酚醛基树脂或陶瓷基树脂。
在一些可能的实现方式中,塑形上模具和塑形下模具的配合向吸液芯片材施加法向力的操作为:用螺栓和螺母对塑形上模具和塑形下模具配合锁紧,然后静置30s~30min;
预封装上模具和预封装下模具的配合向上壳体片材和下壳体片材施加法向力的操作为:用螺栓和螺母对预封装上模具和预封装下模具配合锁紧,然后静置30s~30min。
在一些可能的实现方式中,排流口处理的具体操作为:通过热压在端口设置铜管。
在一些可能的实现方式中,形态轨迹沿电子设备的轮廓设置。
在一些可能的实现方式中,沿二维展开平面制备上壳体片材、下壳体片材、吸液芯片材以及与密封边形状相同的柔性加热器的方法为通过平面切割工艺制得,平面切割工艺可以是激光切割、模切或刀切。
在一些可能的实现方式中,柔性加热器呈长条形,其为碳布加热器或聚酰亚胺加热器。
一种电子设备,包括上述的定制化3D热管并通过定制化3D热管进行散热。
本申请提供的定制化3D热管可以用于对任意电子设备进行散热,尤其适用于一些构型复杂的新兴电子设备,例如VR头显、AR眼镜、摄像机和无人机。
本申请至少具有如下有益效果:
1.本申请的定制化3D热管部分与控制芯片接触以吸收控制芯片产生的热量,定制化3D热管的其余部分能够根据需要沿电子设备的任意三维路径进行铺设,然后将控制芯片积聚的热量传递至电子设备的铺设有定制化3D热管的任意空间区域,在不影响电子设备的体积与其他部件的安装空间的前提下,最大化定制化3D热管的散热面积,相比于传统的2D平板热管,能够实现电子设备的更高效的空间热管理。
2.在一些可能的实现方式中,本申请的定制化3D热管包括金属的柔性吸液芯和由金属层和聚合物层复合得到柔性壳体,传统的金属热管的管壁厚度大多处于毫米级以保证热管的密封性能,导致其整体质量偏大,而本申请的复合膜通过引入聚合物层(材质为耐高温塑料),在保证密封性能的同时大幅降低了定制化3D热管的质量、提高了定制化3D热管的柔性并降低了成本,使得通过3D打印技术制造形态复杂的定制化3D热管成为可能。
3.本申请的制备方法通过光固化3D打印技术对塑形模具和预封装模具进行打印,然后用塑形模具和预封装模具实现柔性吸液芯的塑形以及定制化3D热管的预封装,相较于主流的直接使用SLM进行热管打印的技术方案,既降低了3D打印技术的使用成本,又降低了材料的成本,同时减轻了定制化3D热管的质量、提高了设计自由度并降低了定制化所需的成本。
图1为VR头显设备以及用于VR头显设备的定制化3D热管;
图2为定制化3D热管垂直于其延伸方向的截面的结构示意图;
图3为柔性吸液芯的塑形装配图;
图4为制备预封装热管时的装配图;
图5为定制化3D热管与传统的热管在VR头显装置中的散热效果对比图。
附图标记:1-定制化3D热管;11-柔性壳体;111-工质流通槽;12-柔性吸液芯;21-塑形上模具;22-塑形下模具;23-吸液芯片材;31-预封装上模具;32-预封装下模具;33-柔性加热器;34-上壳体片材;35-下壳体片材;41-螺孔;42-螺母;43-螺栓;5-VR头显;51-本体;52-固定带。
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行更详细地描述,但本发明的保护范围并不受限于这些实施例。文中相同的附图标记始终代表相同的元件,相似的附图标记代表相似的元件。
在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“横”、“竖”、“顶”、“底”、“内”和“外”等指示的方位或位置关系是基于附图中的立体图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
图4和图5中的塑形上模具21、塑形下模具22、预封装上模具31、预封装下模具32、柔性加热器33、上壳体片材34、下壳体片材35和柔性吸液芯12呈长条的波浪形,这仅是为了表现上述元件可以根据需要设计成任意形状而非对上述元件的形状进行限定。
下面通过实施例对本申请的技术方案进行进一步的说明和描述。
实施例1
本实施例制备了一种用于VR头显5的定制化3D热管1,VR头显5包括本体51和固定带52,本体51中设置有控制芯片,从图1中可以看出,定制化3D热管1的形状部分与本体51契合,还有很大一部分与固定带52的形状相同。在实际装配中,定制化3D热管1部分设置于本体51中并与控制芯片接触,剩余部分设置在固定带52中,以最大化热管理的空间。
如图2所示,柔性的定制化3D热管1包括柔性壳体11、柔性吸液芯12和工质(图中未示出);柔性壳体11内形成工质流通槽111,柔性吸液芯12设置于工质流通槽111内,在工质流通槽111垂直于其延伸方向的任意截面上,柔性吸液芯12分别与工质流通槽111的顶面和底面接触,工质在工质流通槽111内流通,柔性吸液芯12通过毛细作用吸收液态的工质,液态的工质吸收控制芯片散发的热量后蒸发转化为气态,然后通过工质流通槽111的顶面和底面散热凝结成液态并回流至柔性吸液芯12上。上述设置实现了工质的气液共面式的两相循环,使得定制化3D热管1具有较小的厚度。
具体地,在本实施例中,柔性吸液芯12的截面为多项式函数的曲线,该多项式函数的周期为1.5mm,振幅为0.5mm(柔性吸液芯12的厚度为两倍振幅,即1mm)。
在本实施例中,柔性壳体11为由两层聚合物层和夹在两层聚合物层之间的金属层复合得到的金属塑膜材料,其中,聚合物层的材质为聚丙烯,金属层的材质为铝;柔性吸液芯12为经过亲水处理的多层自支撑铜丝网。
本实施例中定制化3D热管1的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将STL格式文件的目标三维模型导入三维数据处理软件中,通过三维数据处理软件将目标模型转化为点云数据,然后根据点云数据沿定制化3D热管1的两相循环方向规划出定制化3D热管1的形态轨迹;
其中,定制化3D热管1的柔性壳体11包括盖合并密封的上壳体和下壳体(图中未示出),上壳体和下壳体盖合后形成两个端口(图中未示出),上壳体和下壳体分别在其外沿除端口的对应位置上设置可以热熔密封的密封边;
形态轨迹包括密封边和定制化3D热管1的曲率突变的区域。
在上述步骤中,三维数据处理软件为CloudCompare。
(2)提取形态轨迹中的三维点坐标,在三维建模软件中沿相邻的形态轨迹由三维片体生成三维曲面,通过二维映射算法将三维曲面展开转化为二维展开平面,然后沿二维展开平面通过激光切割得到上壳体片材34、下壳体片材35、吸液芯片材23以及与密封边形状相同的柔性加热器33。在本实施例中,柔性加热器33为碳布加热器,通过对柔性加热器33施加电压使其发热。
在上述步骤中,三维建模软件为Matlab,二维映射算法为共形映射法。
(3)结合三维曲面和形态轨迹在计算机辅助设计软件中分别生成柔性吸液芯12的塑形模具的三维模型和定制化3D热管1的预封装模具的三维模型,然后通过光固化3D打印技术打印塑形模具和预封装模具;
其中,塑形模具包括塑形上模具21和塑形下模具22,塑形上模具21和塑形下模具22的配合面的中部与柔性吸液芯12的形状相同;
预封装模具包括预封装上模具31和预封装下模具32,预封装上模具31和预封装下模具32的配合面的中部与定制化3D热管1的形状相同;
在上述步骤中,计算机辅助设计软件为Solidworks,光固化3D打印技术为数字光处理,塑形模具和预封装模具的材质为酚醛基耐高温光敏树脂。
(4)将多片吸液芯片材23堆叠后放置于塑形上模具21和塑形下模具22之间,塑形上模具21和塑形下模具22的配合向吸液芯片材23施加法向力,得到三维吸液芯,对三维吸液芯进行亲水处理,得到柔性吸液芯12;
(5)将预封装上模具31、柔性加热器33、上壳体片材34、柔性吸液芯12、下壳体片材35和预封装下模具32依次堆叠,预封装上模具31和预封装下模具32的配合向上壳体片材34和下壳体片材35施加法向力,加热柔性加热器33以对密封边进行密封,得到预封装热管,预封装热管未通过密封边密封的外沿形成两个端口;
(6)对其中一个端口进行排流口处理,然后对另一个端口进行密封,从经过排流口处理的端口对预封装热管进行抽真空和灌工质,最后密封经过排流口处理的端口,得到定制化3D热管1。
下面参考图3和图4对步骤(4)和步骤(5)进行进一步说明。
首先参考图3,塑形上模具21和塑形下模具22的配合面具有周期性函数的曲线沿规划轨迹扫描得到的周期性轮廓曲面,该周期性函数的周期为1.5mm,振幅为0.5mm,塑形上模具21和塑形下模具22的非配合面为直线沿规划轨迹扫描出的自由曲面。塑形上模具21和塑形下模具22沿其延伸方向的两侧分别开设有相互配合的螺孔41,塑形上模具21和塑形下模具22能够通过螺栓43和螺母42锁紧。
将吸液芯片材23置于塑形上模具21和塑形下模具22之间,然后用螺母42依次穿过塑形上模具21和塑形下模具22上的螺孔41,通过螺栓43和螺母42配合锁紧,以对吸液芯片材23施加法向力,静置2min后松开螺栓43和螺母42,吸液芯片材23被塑形上模具21和塑形下模具22塑形,得到呈周期性轮廓曲面的三维吸液芯。对三维吸液芯进行亲水处理,得到柔性吸液芯12。
如图4所示,预封装上模具31和预封装下模的配合面在中部形成沿规划轨迹延伸的曲面矩形槽且预封装上模具31和预封装下模具32沿其延伸方向的两侧形成相互接触的接触面,曲面矩形槽的宽度为15mm,高度为1mm,预封装上模具31和预封装下模的非配合面为直线沿规划轨迹扫描出的自由曲面。预封装上模具31和预封装下模具32分别在接触面上开设有相互配合的螺孔41,预封装上模具31和预封装下模具32能够通过螺栓43和螺母42锁紧。
上壳体片材34和下壳体片材35的宽度略大于曲面矩形槽的宽度,使得上壳体片材34两侧作为上壳体的密封边的部分不进入曲面矩形槽中且不与螺孔41接触,下壳体亦是如此。
将预封装上模具31、柔性加热器33、上壳体片材34、柔性吸液芯12、下壳体片材35和预封装下模依次堆叠,其中柔性加热器33的形状和位置与密封边对应,然后将用螺母42依次穿过预封装上模具31和预封装上模具31,通过螺栓43和螺母42配合锁紧,以对上壳体片材34和下壳体片材35施加法向力,静置15min后松开螺栓43和螺母42,上壳体片材34和下壳体片材35被塑形形成上壳体和下壳体,上壳体和下壳体之间形成容纳有柔性吸液芯12的工质流动槽。之后通过柔性加热器33加热使上壳体片材34和下壳体片材35的密封边被密封,得到预封装热管,预封装热管除两个端口外的侧边均被密封。
对其中一个端口进行排流口处理,然后对另一个端口进行密封,从经过排流口处理的端口对预封装热管进行抽真空和灌工质,最后密封经过排流口处理的端口,即得到本实施例的定制化3D热管1。
图5为定制化3D热管1与几种现有的热管的在VR头显5装置中的散热效果对比图,可以看出在相同加热功率下,定制化3D热管1可以将绝对温度降低40%~50%左右,将极限加热功率提高3~5倍。
以上所述,仅为本申请的较佳实施例而已,故不能依此限定本申请实施的范围,即依本申请专利范围及说明书内容所作的等效变化与修饰,皆应仍属本申请涵盖的范围内。
Claims (10)
- 一种柔性的定制化3D热管,其特征在于,设置于电子设备中且部分与所述电子设备的控制芯片接触,其包括柔性壳体、柔性吸液芯和工质;所述柔性壳体内形成工质流通槽,所述柔性吸液芯设置于所述工质流通槽内,在所述工质流通槽垂直于其延伸方向的任意截面上,所述柔性吸液芯分别与所述工质流通槽的顶面和底面接触;所述工质在所述工质流通槽内流通,所述柔性吸液芯通过毛细作用吸收液态的所述工质,液态的所述工质吸收控制芯片散发的热量后蒸发转化为气态,然后通过所述工质流通槽的顶面和底面散热凝结成液态并回流至所述柔性吸液芯上。
- 如权利要求1所述的定制化3D热管,其特征在于,所述柔性吸液芯垂直于其延伸方向的截面为周期性函数的曲线,所述周期性函数为三角函数、多项式函数或高斯函数。
- 如权利要求2所述的定制化3D热管,其特征在于,所述周期函数的波长为0.1~2.5mm,所述周期函数的振幅为0.05~0.75mm;所述工质流通槽的宽度为5~40mm,高度为0.1~1.5mm。
- 如权利要求1~3中任意一项所述的定制化3D热管,其特征在于,所述柔性吸液芯的材质为经过亲水处理的铜丝网、不锈钢丝网或铁铬铝丝网;所述柔性壳体由两层聚合物层以及设置在两层所述聚合物层之间的金属层复合得到,所述金属层的材质为铜、铝或不锈钢,所述聚合物层的材质为低密度聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚丙烯或聚乙烯。
- 如权利要求4所述的定制化3D热管,其特征在于,所述柔性吸液芯由多层所述经过亲水处理的铜丝网、不锈钢丝网或铁铬铝丝网堆叠后压制得到;所述亲水处理的方法为涂层法、阳极氧化法或化学沉积法。
- 一种权利要求1~5中任意一项所述的定制化3D热管的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:(1)将目标模型转化为点云数据,然后根据所述点云数据沿定制化3D热管的两相循环方向规划出所述定制化3D热管的形态轨迹;其中,所述柔性壳体由上壳体和下壳体盖合后密封得到,其中所述上壳体和下壳体盖合后形成两个端口,所述上壳体和所述下壳体分别在其外沿除所述端口的对应位置上设置可以热熔密封的密封边;所述形态轨迹包括所述密封边和所述定制化3D热管的曲率突变的区域;(2)提取所述形态轨迹中的三维点坐标,在三维建模软件中沿相邻的所述形态轨迹由三维片体生成三维曲面,通过二维映射算法将所述三维曲面展开转化为二维展开平面,然后沿所述二维展开平面制备上壳体片材、下壳体片材、吸液芯片材以及与所述密封边形状相同的柔性加热器;(3)结合所述三维曲面和所述形态轨迹生成所述柔性吸液芯的塑形模具的三维模型和所述定制化3D热管的预封装模具的三维模型,然后通过光固化3D打印技术打印所述塑形模具和预封装模具;其中,所述塑形模具包括塑形上模具和塑形下模具,所述塑形上模具和所述塑形下模具的配合面的中部与所述柔性吸液芯的形状相同;所述预封装模具包括预封装上模具和预封装下模具,所述预封装上模具和所述预封装下模具的配合面的中部形成与所述定制化3D热管的形状相同;(4)将多片所述吸液芯片材堆叠后放置于所述塑形上模具和所述塑形下模具之间,所述塑形上模具和所述塑形下模具的配合向所述吸液芯片材施加法向力,得到三维吸液芯,对所述三维吸液芯进行亲水处理,得到所述柔性吸液芯;(5)将所述预封装上模具、所述柔性加热器、所述上壳体片材、所述柔性吸液芯、所述下壳体片材和所述预封装下模具依次堆叠,所述预封装上模具和所述预封装下模具的配合向所述上壳体片材和所述下壳体片材施加法向力,加热所述柔性加热器以对所述密封边进行密封,得到预封装热管,所述预封装热管未通过所述密封边密封的外沿形成两个端口;(6)对其中一个端口进行排流口处理,然后对另一个所述端口进行密封,从经过排流口处理的所述端口对所述预封装热管进行抽真空和灌工质,最后密封经过排流口处理的所述端口,得到所述定制化3D热管。
- 如权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述光固化3D打印技术为立体光刻、数字光处理、连续液体界面生产或掩模立体光刻;和/或,所述塑形模具和所述预封装模具的材料分别独立选环氧基树脂、酚醛基树脂或陶瓷基树脂。
- 如权利要求6或7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述塑形上模具和所述塑形下模具的配合向所述吸液芯片材施加法向力的操作为:用螺栓和螺母对所述塑形上模具和所述塑形下模具配合锁紧,然后静置30s~30min;所述预封装上模具和所述预封装下模具的配合向所述上壳体片材和所述下壳体片材施加法向力的操作为:用螺栓和螺母对所述预封装上模具和所述预封装下模具配合锁紧,然后静置30s~30min。
- 如权利要求6或7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述排流口处理的具体操作为:通过热压在所述端口设置铜管。
- 一种电子设备,其特征在于,包括权利要求1~5中任意一项所述的定制化3D热管并通过所述定制化3D热管进行散热。
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