WO2026001037A1 - 显示模组和电子设备 - Google Patents

显示模组和电子设备

Info

Publication number
WO2026001037A1
WO2026001037A1 PCT/CN2025/079220 CN2025079220W WO2026001037A1 WO 2026001037 A1 WO2026001037 A1 WO 2026001037A1 CN 2025079220 W CN2025079220 W CN 2025079220W WO 2026001037 A1 WO2026001037 A1 WO 2026001037A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
light
glare
display module
pixel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2025/079220
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈初氜
王刚
黄阳正
梁书海
周亿
张译文
谭纪风
董毓杰
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to CN202580003054.XA priority Critical patent/CN121647056A/zh
Publication of WO2026001037A1 publication Critical patent/WO2026001037A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/80—Constructional details
    • H10K59/875—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
    • H10K59/879—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising refractive means, e.g. lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • G09F9/33—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being semiconductor devices, e.g. diodes
    • G09F9/335—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being semiconductor devices, e.g. diodes being organic light emitting diodes [OLED]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/10—OLED displays
    • H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/80—Constructional details
    • H10K59/875—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
    • H10K59/877—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising scattering means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/80—Constructional details
    • H10K59/8791—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of image display technology, and more specifically, to a display module and an electronic device.
  • the screen plays an irreplaceable role in daily communication and office scenarios.
  • anti-glare technology focuses on reducing or eliminating the glare effect caused by ambient light reflected from the screen.
  • anti-glare covers are commonly used on screens to reduce glare.
  • the main function of an anti-glare cover is to achieve diffuse reflection through the scattering principle of surface microstructures.
  • anti-glare covers can scatter the light emitted from the light-emitting layer, causing uneven light crosstalk between different sub-pixels and resulting in visual flickering.
  • the haze parameter is typically controlled during the fabrication of the anti-glare cover's anti-glare structure. This allows the light emitted from the luminescent layer to achieve a certain degree of uniform light mixing. However, this method severely reduces the sharpness of the displayed image; therefore, a single anti-glare cover solution cannot simultaneously achieve both low flash point and high sharpness.
  • This application provides a display module and electronic device that can achieve high image clarity while realizing low flicker point.
  • a display module comprising a light-emitting layer, an encapsulation layer, a first light-transmitting layer, a pixel enlargement layer, a second light-transmitting layer, and an anti-glare structure layer stacked along the light emission direction, wherein the pixel enlargement layer has a first material and a second material, the first material has a first refractive index, the second material has a second refractive index, and the difference between the first refractive index and the second refractive index is a first refractive index difference; the distance between the lower surface of the pixel enlargement layer and the upper surface of the light-emitting layer is a first distance, and the product of the first distance and the first refractive index difference ranges from 15 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
  • the pixel expansion layer has an internal refractive index variation and can be formed from at least two materials with different refractive indices.
  • the pixel expansion layer includes a first material and a second material, the first material having a first refractive index and the second material having a second refractive index, the difference between the first and second refractive indices being a first refractive index difference value.
  • the first refractive index can be the maximum refractive index within the pixel expansion layer
  • the second refractive index can be the minimum refractive index within the pixel expansion layer
  • the first refractive index difference value can be the refractive index difference between the maximum and minimum refractive indices within the pixel expansion layer.
  • the value range of the first refractive index difference value can be 0.005-0.4.
  • the thickness of the pixel expansion layer is between 20 ⁇ m and 400 ⁇ m.
  • the light-emitting layer may include a substrate, a driving circuit (such as a thin-film transistor driving circuit), an anode layer, a light-emitting unit, and a cathode layer stacked along the light-emitting direction. If the uppermost layer of the light-emitting layer is a cathode layer, the first distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer and the upper surface of the light-emitting layer can be considered as the distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer and the upper surface of the cathode layer of the light-emitting layer.
  • a driving circuit such as a thin-film transistor driving circuit
  • the pixel expansion layer mainly serves to reduce the flash point. That is, by setting up a pixel expansion layer with a pixel expansion effect, the light emitted by the light-emitting layer passes through the pixel expansion layer for uniform mixing before entering the anti-glare structure layer, thereby reducing the light crosstalk (flash point) problem caused by the anti-glare structure layer.
  • a specific optimal placement position needs to be defined based on the optical effects of the pixel augmentation layer (mainly manifested as the internal refractive index difference ⁇ n) and its distance to the upper surface of the emissive layer (i.e., the first distance d) to achieve an optimized stacked architecture design.
  • this optimized design can be modified according to the effect of the anti-glare structure layer, thereby enabling the design of a high-definition, low-flicker, anti-glare display system.
  • a specific optical path is required between the emissive layer and the pixel augmentation layer, allowing for optimized screen clarity and a balanced flicker suppression effect under this design.
  • the flash point can be reduced by adding a pixel enlargement layer.
  • the product of the first distance and the difference in the first refractive index to a preset range (i.e., 15 ⁇ m-200 ⁇ m)
  • the light after passing through the pixel enlargement layer has an equivalent pixel enlargement effect that meets the minimum requirement for achieving a low display flash point without excessively sacrificing image display clarity.
  • a high image clarity can be achieved while achieving a low flash point.
  • the pixel enlargement layer is used to enlarge the pixel, and the area of the enlarged pixel is between 1.3 and 3 times the area of the original pixel. That is, the area A0 of the original pixel and the area A1 of the pixel (or the circumcircle of the enlarged pixel) after being enlarged by the pixel enlargement layer satisfy the following relationship: 1.3*A0 ⁇ A1 ⁇ 3*A0.
  • the pixel enlargement layer can be used to enlarge pixels, that is, the pixel enlargement layer has a pixel enlargement effect, and the area of the enlarged pixel is between 1.3 times and 3 times the original pixel area, which can achieve higher image clarity.
  • the first light-transmitting layer includes a first adhesive layer, a first polarizer, and a second adhesive layer stacked along the light-emitting direction; the first adhesive layer is located between the encapsulation layer and the first polarizer, and the second adhesive layer is located between the first polarizer and the pixel enlargement layer.
  • the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer may be optically transparent adhesive.
  • a polarizer (circular polarizer or linear polarizer) can be set in the first light-transmitting layer, and the two sides of the polarizer are fixedly connected to other layers through an adhesive layer.
  • the first refractive index difference of the pixel expansion layer when the first refractive index difference of the pixel expansion layer is small, in order to ensure that the product of the first refractive index difference and the first distance is within a preset range, it is necessary to increase the first distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer and the upper surface of the light-emitting layer.
  • the thickness of the encapsulation layer is generally fixed; therefore, a multi-layer structure can be incorporated into the first light-transmitting layer to increase the first distance.
  • a polarizer, a multi-layer adhesive layer, or other light-transmitting structures can be incorporated into the first light-transmitting layer to meet the first distance requirement.
  • the second light-transmitting layer includes a third adhesive layer, a second polarizer, and a fourth adhesive layer stacked along the light-emitting direction; the third adhesive layer is located between the pixel enlargement layer and the second polarizer, and the fourth adhesive layer is located between the second polarizer and the anti-glare structure layer.
  • the third and fourth adhesive layers can be made of optically transparent adhesive.
  • a polarizer (circular polarizer or linear polarizer) can be set in the second light-transmitting layer, and the two sides of the polarizer are fixedly connected to other layers through an adhesive layer.
  • the internal structure of the pixel enlargement layer may be a grating structure.
  • a polarizer can be set in the second light-transmitting layer, that is, the polarizer is placed above the pixel enlargement layer, which can reduce the grating diffraction pattern caused by light passing through the pixel enlargement layer.
  • the display module further includes a touch circuit layer located between the encapsulation layer and the first light-transmitting layer.
  • the touch circuit layer can be disposed between the encapsulation layer and the first light-transmitting layer in the polarizer architecture, or it can be disposed inside the encapsulation layer.
  • the display module further includes a light filter film located between the encapsulation layer and the first light-transmitting layer.
  • a filter film i.e., a color filter
  • a filter film can be used to replace the traditional polarizer, which can improve the light output efficiency and color gamut of the display module, and achieve low power consumption and thinness.
  • the display module further includes a cover plate and a third light-transmitting layer, wherein the third light-transmitting layer is located between the cover plate and the filter film, and is used to bond the cover plate and the filter film; the cover plate is located between the third light-transmitting layer and the first light-transmitting layer.
  • the third light-transmitting layer may be a film layer that has an adhesive function and a certain degree of light transmittance.
  • the display module when using the non-polarizing film technology, may further include a cover plate and a third light-transmitting layer.
  • the third light-transmitting layer can be used to bond the cover plate and the filter film.
  • the cover plate is located between the third light-transmitting layer and the first light-transmitting layer and can play a protective role.
  • both the first light-transmitting layer and the second light-transmitting layer are adhesive layers used to bond the upper and lower layers.
  • the first light-transmitting layer and the second light-transmitting layer may also be other light-transmitting structural layers with a certain adhesive effect.
  • the first and second light-transmitting layers can be adhesive layers used to bond the upper and lower layers together. That is, the first light-transmitting layer is located between the pixel enlargement layer and the encapsulation layer, and is used to bond the pixel enlargement layer and the encapsulation layer together; the second light-transmitting layer is located between the pixel enlargement layer and the anti-glare structure layer, and is used to bond the pixel enlargement layer and the anti-glare structure layer together.
  • the average transmission haze of the first light-transmitting layer and/or the second light-transmitting layer is less than or equal to 5%. It should be understood that average transmission haze can be understood as the average value of transmission haze.
  • the display module further includes a touch circuit layer located between the encapsulation layer and the filter film.
  • the touch circuit layer in the polarizer-free architecture, can be disposed between the encapsulation layer and the filter film (i.e., the color filter), or the touch circuit layer can be disposed inside the encapsulation layer.
  • the filter film i.e., the color filter
  • the touch circuit layer can be disposed inside the encapsulation layer.
  • the display module further includes an anti-reflection structure layer, which is located on the side of the anti-glare structure layer away from the light-emitting layer.
  • the reflectivity of the screen surface can be reduced. This allows more external light to penetrate the screen or be scattered when it shines on it, rather than being directly reflected back to the viewer's eyes. This reduces the specular reflection effect caused by ambient light, making the screen content more clearly visible under various lighting conditions.
  • the display module further includes an oleophobic coating located on the side of the anti-glare structural layer away from the light-emitting layer.
  • the light-emitting layer includes multiple light-emitting units, and the multiple light-emitting units are designed in series.
  • the light-emitting units in the light-emitting layer can employ traditional single-device technology or a series-connected light-emitting unit design (such as tandem device technology). Tandem device technology connects multiple functionally similar device units (such as RGB light-emitting units) in series to form a multi-layer stacked structure. Such a design can improve the overall performance of the OLED device by stacking multiple light-emitting layers, thereby increasing brightness, extending lifespan, or reducing power consumption.
  • the anti-glare structural layer includes an anti-glare substrate and an anti-glare structure, wherein the anti-glare substrate is located between the second light-transmitting layer and the anti-glare structure.
  • the anti-glare structure layer alters the physical properties of the screen surface to create a diffuse reflection effect, thereby dispersing reflected light and reducing glare caused by direct light. This reduces visual interference caused by screen reflections and improves visibility even in bright light environments.
  • an anti-glare structure can be formed on the anti-glare substrate.
  • the anti-glare structure has a tiny textured surface, which has a certain diffuse reflection effect and can reduce the glare effect caused by direct light.
  • the surface of the anti-glare structural layer has unevenness
  • the roughness of the anti-glare structural layer is in the range of 100nm-350nm
  • the thickness of the anti-glare structural layer is in the range of 5 ⁇ m-5000 ⁇ m.
  • the anti-glare structure layer can be formed on the surface of a glossy glass by means of chemical etching, etc., so that it has a certain diffuse reflection effect and can reduce the glare effect caused by direct light.
  • the transmittance of the anti-glare structural layer is greater than or equal to 85%, and the average transmitted haze of the anti-glare structural layer ranges from 5% to 35%. It should be understood that the average transmitted haze can be understood as the average value of the transmitted haze.
  • the surface of the anti-glare structure layer is flat, and the interior of the anti-glare structure layer is doped with particles, the average particle size of the doped particles inside the anti-glare structure layer is in the range of 200nm-2000nm, and the thickness of the anti-glare structure layer is in the range of 1000nm-5000nm.
  • the anti-glare structure layer can have a flat or substantially flat surface, but its interior is doped with particles.
  • the particles doped inside the anti-glare structure layer can be metals or metal oxides, or organic polymers.
  • the anti-glare structure layer can also reduce the glare effect caused by direct light, and even in strong light environments, users can reduce visual interference caused by screen reflections and improve visibility.
  • an electronic device which includes a display module as described in the first aspect and any implementation thereof.
  • an electronic device uses a display module as described in the first aspect, it can achieve high image clarity while maintaining low flicker.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of two anti-glare cover plates shown in this application.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display module provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another display module provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another display module provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another display module provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the scattering light pattern of the pixel expansion layer provided in the embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another display module provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 8 is a reference diagram for calculating the anti-glare capability index BRDF provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another display module provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another display module provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another display module provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 12 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another display module provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined as “first” or “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of this application, “multiple” refers to two or more, and “at least one” and “one or more” refer to one, two, or more. The singular expressions “a,” “an,” “the,” “the,” “this,” and “this” are intended to also include expressions such as “one or more,” unless the context explicitly indicates otherwise.
  • sequence numbers of the processes below do not imply an order of execution; the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.
  • the words "110,” “120,” and “130,” etc. are merely identifiers for descriptive convenience and do not limit the order of execution steps.
  • references to "one embodiment” or “some embodiments” as described in this specification mean that one or more embodiments of this application include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment. Therefore, the phrases “in one embodiment,” “in some embodiments,” “in other embodiments,” “in still other embodiments,” etc., appearing in different parts of this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean “one or more, but not all, embodiments,” unless otherwise specifically emphasized.
  • the terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and variations thereof mean “including but not limited to,” unless otherwise specifically emphasized.
  • the terms “upper,” “lower,” “inner,” “outer,” etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship relative to the orientation or position of the components shown in the drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts, used for relative description and clarification, and not to indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. They can change accordingly depending on the orientation of the components in the drawings, and therefore should not be construed as limiting this application.
  • the distance between the first surface and the second surface in this embodiment can be understood as the vertical distance between the horizontal plane containing the first surface and the horizontal plane containing the second surface.
  • vertical refers to the thickness direction of the stacked layers. If the first plane and/or the second plane are not flat surfaces, the distance between them can be understood as the vertical distance between the highest point of the first plane and the highest point of the second plane, or it can be understood as the vertical distance between the lowest point of the first plane and the lowest point of the second plane, or it can be understood as the vertical distance between the midpoint of the first plane (i.e., the midpoint between the highest and lowest points) and the midpoint of the second plane (i.e., the midpoint between the highest and lowest points).
  • the screen plays an irreplaceable role in daily communication and office scenarios.
  • the screen's main function is the effective display of information, and this has spurred a series of technological developments. For example, in mobile phones, higher resolution, richer color reproduction, and lower power consumption have become the mainstream pursuits for screen technology.
  • different terminal device design strategies have emerged for different application scenarios. For instance, when prioritizing privacy protection, adding a film layer with light transmittance that changes with viewing angle can create a screen with privacy features.
  • monitors Today, with the increasing use of monitors, consumers are paying attention to the impact of monitors on visual health. Reducing eye strain from viewing screens has become one of the mainstream design directions for advanced monitors.
  • Anti-glare technology focuses on reducing or eliminating the glare effect caused by the screen reflecting ambient light through specular reflections. For point light sources in daily life (such as lamps and sunlight), extremely high brightness is unsuitable for direct or indirect viewing (such as through specular reflection) by the human eye.
  • anti-glare technology also directly affects screen display performance (such as the clarity of text on a lit screen). This necessitates that the development of anti-glare technology consider both the management of reflected ambient light and the management of light emitted by pixels. According to technical requirements, achieving anti-glare involves managing both the light emitted by the screen and the ambient light reflected from it.
  • anti-glare covers are commonly used on screens to reduce glare.
  • anti-glare covers can be divided into glass anti-glare covers 10 and composite material anti-glare covers 20.
  • the glass anti-glare cover 10 is based on glossy glass 11, and a microstructure morphology (i.e., anti-glare structure 12) is obtained on the surface of the glossy glass 11 by means of methods such as chemical etching.
  • the anti-glare structure 12 usually appears in an irregular arrangement, thereby scattering the light incident on the surface of the glass anti-glare cover 10.
  • the composite material anti-glare cover 20 is based on thermoplastic material, and two different materials are combined by hot pressing, with an anti-glare structure made on one side.
  • the composite anti-glare cover 20 may include an anti-glare substrate 21 and an anti-glare structure 22, wherein the anti-glare substrate 21 may be made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and the anti-glare structure 22 may be made of polycarbonate (PC).
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PC polycarbonate
  • the anti-glare structure 22 formed on the surface of the composite anti-glare cover 20 can cause diffuse reflection of incident light. That is, incident light rays incident on the anti-glare structure 22 of the composite anti-glare cover 20 will be scattered to different degrees, and outgoing light rays can exit from different angles.
  • an anti-glare cover is to achieve diffuse reflection through the scattering principle of surface microstructures.
  • this structure i.e., the anti-glare structure
  • scatters the light emitted by the display panel (or emissive layer) This causes uneven light crosstalk between different sub-pixels, resulting in visual flickering issues.
  • OLED organic light-emitting diode
  • the haze parameter is typically controlled during the fabrication of the anti-glare cover's anti-glare structure.
  • Haze describes one of the physical properties of emitted light after scattering through a medium. It is defined as the percentage of transmitted light intensity deviating more than 2.5° from the incident light relative to the total transmitted light intensity; higher haze means decreased transparency/image sharpness. This allows the light emitted from the display panel (or emissive layer) to have a relatively uniform light mixing effect. However, this method severely reduces the clarity of the displayed image; therefore, a single anti-glare cover solution cannot simultaneously achieve both low flash point and high clarity.
  • embodiments of this application provide a display module and an electronic device that can achieve high image clarity while maintaining low flicker.
  • the display module can be applied to electronic devices.
  • the display module can be, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), or an LED.
  • the electronic devices can include, for example, mobile phones, monitors, large-screen TVs, and tablets, etc., devices with displays.
  • the electronic devices can have high resolution, such as mainstream 2K, 4K, and 8K displays.
  • the pixel density (pixels per inch, PPI) of the electronic devices can be low ( ⁇ 200) or high ( ⁇ 200, ⁇ 250, ⁇ 300, ⁇ 350, ⁇ 400, ⁇ 450, and ⁇ 500).
  • the display module 100 may include a light-emitting layer 110, an encapsulation layer 120, a first light-transmitting layer 130, a pixel enlargement layer 140, a second light-transmitting layer 150, and an anti-glare structure layer 160.
  • the light-emitting layer 110, encapsulation layer 120, first light-transmitting layer 130, pixel enlargement layer 140, second light-transmitting layer 150, and anti-glare structure layer 160 are stacked along the light emission direction.
  • the light-emitting layer 110 may be disposed at the bottom layer
  • the encapsulation layer 120 may be disposed above the light-emitting layer 110
  • the first light-transmitting layer 130 may be disposed on the side of the encapsulation layer 120 away from the light-emitting layer 110
  • the pixel enlargement layer 140 may be disposed on the side of the first light-transmitting layer 130 away from the encapsulation layer 120
  • the second light-transmitting layer 150 may be disposed on the side of the pixel enlargement layer 140 away from the first light-transmitting layer 130
  • the anti-glare structure layer 160 may be disposed at the top layer, i.e., the anti-glare structure layer 160 may be disposed on the side of the second light-transmitting layer 150 away from the pixel enlargement layer 140.
  • the light emitted by the light-emitting layer 110 can pass through the encapsulation layer 120, the first light-transmitting layer 130, the pixel enlargement layer 140, the second light-transmitting layer 150 and the anti-glare structure layer 160, and is finally observed by the human eye.
  • the pixel expansion layer 140 has an internal refractive index variation, and the pixel expansion layer 140 may be formed of at least two materials with different refractive indices.
  • the pixel expansion layer 140 includes a first material and a second material, the first material having a first refractive index and the second material having a second refractive index, the difference between the first and second refractive indices being a first refractive index difference value.
  • the first refractive index may be the maximum refractive index within the pixel expansion layer 140
  • the second refractive index may be the minimum refractive index within the pixel expansion layer 140
  • the first refractive index difference value may be the refractive index difference between the maximum and minimum refractive indices within the pixel expansion layer 140.
  • the value range of the first refractive index difference value may be 0.005-0.4.
  • the distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer 140 and the upper surface of the light-emitting layer 110 is the first distance, and the product of the first distance and the first refractive index difference ranges from 15 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
  • the flash point can be reduced by adding a pixel enlargement layer 140.
  • the light after passing through the pixel enlargement layer 140 has an equivalent pixel enlargement effect that meets the minimum requirement for achieving a low display flash point without excessively sacrificing image display clarity.
  • a high image clarity can be achieved while achieving a low flash point.
  • the light-emitting layer 110 is primarily used to emit light, such as red, green, and blue light.
  • the light-emitting layer 110 may include a substrate, driving circuitry (such as a thin-film transistor driving circuit), an anode layer, light-emitting units, and a cathode layer, all stacked together.
  • the light-emitting units may include multiple pixel light-emitting units arranged in an array, each pixel light-emitting unit comprising at least three sub-pixel light-emitting units (such as RGB light-emitting units), and each sub-pixel light-emitting unit can display one color of light.
  • each pixel light-emitting unit may include three sub-pixel light-emitting units: a red sub-pixel light-emitting unit that displays (emits) red light (i.e., a red light-emitting layer), a green sub-pixel light-emitting unit that displays green light (i.e., a green light-emitting layer), and a blue sub-pixel light-emitting unit that displays blue light (i.e., a blue light-emitting layer).
  • the specific structure of the light-emitting layer 110 can be referenced from the structures of existing LCDs, OLEDs, and LEDs, and will not be described in detail here.
  • the light-emitting units in the light-emitting layer 110 can adopt the traditional single device (i.e., single device) technology, or they can adopt a series light-emitting unit design (such as Tandem device technology) to increase the light intensity. This application does not limit this.
  • Tandem device technology generally refers to a structural design method used in the field of electronic devices (such as OLEDs), which involves connecting multiple functionally similar device units (such as RGB light-emitting units) in series to form a multi-layered stacked structure.
  • This design can improve the overall performance of OLED devices by stacking multiple light-emitting layers, thereby increasing brightness, extending lifespan, or reducing power consumption.
  • Specific details of Tandem device technology can be found in existing technologies, and will not be elaborated upon here.
  • the encapsulation layer 120 can be a thin film encapsulation (TFE) layer or a traditional glass encapsulation layer.
  • the encapsulation layer 120 mainly serves to protect the light-emitting layer 110.
  • the encapsulation layer 120 can be made of glass, for example, the encapsulation layer in a flat panel display can be made of glass.
  • the encapsulation layer 120 can also be made of organic polymer materials (such as transparent polyimide (CPI) film, high-temperature resistant polyester (PET) film, triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film, etc.), for example, the encapsulation layer in a foldable screen or ultra-thin display can be made of organic polymer materials.
  • CPI transparent polyimide
  • PET high-temperature resistant polyester
  • TAC triacetyl cellulose
  • the first light-transmitting layer 130 and the second light-transmitting layer 150 are respectively disposed on both sides of the pixel enlargement layer 140.
  • the first light-transmitting layer 130 and the second light-transmitting layer 150 are film layers with an average transmission haze of less than or equal to 5%.
  • average transmission haze can be understood as the average value of transmission haze.
  • Transmission haze refers to the degree of scattering that occurs when light passes through an object. When light passes through a material, it interacts with the tiny inhomogeneities within the material, causing light scattering. The higher the transmission haze, the stronger the material's ability to scatter light, and the more blurred the transmitted light. Conversely, the lower the transmission haze, the weaker the material's ability to scatter light, and the clearer the transmitted light.
  • first light-transmitting layer 130 and the second light-transmitting layer 150 can be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure.
  • first light-transmitting layer 130 and the second light-transmitting layer 150 can be an adhesive layer for bonding the upper and lower layers;
  • first light-transmitting layer 130 and the second light-transmitting layer 150 can include a polarizer for filtering the polarization state of light;
  • the first light-transmitting layer 130 and the second light-transmitting layer 150 can be other optical films that do not have a strong scattering effect (the average transmission haze of the optical film is ⁇ 5%).
  • the first light-transmitting layer 130 may include an adhesive layer 131, a polarizer 132, and an adhesive layer 133; the polarizer 132 can be used to filter the polarization state of light; the adhesive layer 131 is located between the encapsulation layer 120 and the polarizer 132, and is used to bond the encapsulation layer 120 and the polarizer 132; the adhesive layer 133 is located between the polarizer 132 and the pixel enlargement layer 140, and is used to bond the polarizer 132 and the pixel enlargement layer 140.
  • the polarizer 132 can be a linear polarizer or a circular polarizer, and this application does not limit it in this regard.
  • the first refractive index difference of the pixel expansion layer 140 when the first refractive index difference of the pixel expansion layer 140 is small, in order to achieve both low flicker and high image clarity, it is necessary to limit the range of the product of the first refractive index difference and the first distance to a preset range. This requires increasing the first distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer 140 and the upper surface of the light-emitting layer 110, which means increasing the thickness of the encapsulation layer 120 and the first light-transmitting layer 130. Therefore, a multi-layer structure can be provided in the first light-transmitting layer 130 to increase the first distance. In this case, a polarizer, a multi-layer adhesive layer, or other light-transmitting structures can be provided in the first light-transmitting layer 130 to meet the requirements of the first distance.
  • the second light-transmitting layer 150 may include an adhesive layer 151, a polarizer 152, and an adhesive layer 153; the polarizer 152 can be used to filter the polarization state of light; the adhesive layer 151 is located between the pixel enlargement layer 140 and the polarizer 152, and is used to bond the pixel enlargement layer 140 and the polarizer 152; the adhesive layer 153 is located between the polarizer 152 and the anti-glare structure layer 160, and is used to bond the polarizer 152 and the anti-glare structure layer 160.
  • the polarizer 152 can be a linear polarizer or a circular polarizer, and this application does not limit it in this regard.
  • the internal structure of the pixel expansion layer 140 such as a grating structure, may be used.
  • a polarizer may be placed in the second light-transmitting layer 150, that is, the polarizer may be placed above the pixel expansion layer 140, which can reduce the grating diffraction pattern caused by the pixel expansion layer 140.
  • adhesive layers 131, 133, 151 and 153 can all be made of optically clear adhesive (OCA).
  • OCA optically clear adhesive
  • the display module 100 may further include a finger touch sensing layer, which is located between the encapsulation layer 120 and the first light-transmitting layer 130. It should be understood that the finger touch sensing layer, through sophisticated circuit design and signal processing technology, is integrated into the display panel, enabling direct interactive functionality of the user interface.
  • the display module 100 may adopt a color filter on encapsulation (COE) architecture.
  • COE color filter on encapsulation
  • the COE architecture replaces the traditional polarizer architecture with a color filter (CF) architecture, which can improve the light output efficiency and color gamut of the display module, and achieve low power consumption and thinness.
  • CF color filter
  • the display module 100 may further include a filter film 200, which may be disposed between the encapsulation layer 120 and the first light-transmitting layer 130.
  • the filter film 200 may be referred to as a filter, color filter, etc.
  • each pixel is typically composed of three sub-pixels: red, green, and blue (RGB). Therefore, each sub-pixel should have a filter film of the corresponding color.
  • These filter films allow light of a specific color to pass through while blocking light of other colors, thus creating a rich color palette when combined.
  • the filter film 200 can be divided into a red filter, a green filter, and a blue filter.
  • the red filter corresponds to the red light-emitting unit
  • the green filter corresponds to the green light-emitting unit
  • the blue filter corresponds to the blue light-emitting unit, thereby allowing light of a specific color to pass through. This helps to enhance the contrast and color saturation of the displayed image, making the displayed colors more vivid and realistic.
  • the first light-transmitting layer 130 and the second light-transmitting layer 150 can be adhesive layers used to bond the upper and lower layers together. That is, the first light-transmitting layer 130 is located between the pixel enlargement layer 140 and the encapsulation layer 120, and is used to bond the pixel enlargement layer 140 and the encapsulation layer 120 together; the second light-transmitting layer 150 is located between the pixel enlargement layer 140 and the anti-glare structure layer 160, and is used to bond the pixel enlargement layer 140 and the anti-glare structure layer 160 together.
  • first light-transmitting layer 130 and the second light-transmitting layer 150 may also adopt other light-transmitting structural layers with a certain adhesive effect, and this application does not limit them.
  • the display module 100 also includes a cover plate and a third light-transmitting layer, which is located between the cover plate and the filter film and can be used to bond the cover plate and the filter film 200; the cover plate is located between the third light-transmitting layer and the first light-transmitting layer 130.
  • the display module 100 may also include a touch circuit layer located between the encapsulation layer 120 and the filter film 200.
  • the first light-transmitting layer 130, the second light-transmitting layer 150, and the third light-transmitting layer can all be optically clear adhesive (OCA).
  • OCA optically clear adhesive
  • the pixel enlargement layer 140 is located between the first light-transmitting layer 130 and the second light-transmitting layer 150. Its main function is to reduce flicker. Specifically, by incorporating an optical film with a pixel enlargement effect, the light emitted from the light-emitting layer is uniformly mixed by the film before entering the anti-glare structure, thereby reducing light crosstalk (flicker) caused by the anti-glare structure. Specifically, the pixel enlargement layer 140 achieves uniform scattering of incident light through scattering structures, optically magnifying the pixel image. This results in a larger spatial proportion for red, green, and blue sub-pixels and a smaller pixel spacing, increasing the pixel aperture ratio and thus reducing the display flicker problem caused by optical scattering from the irregular microstructure of the anti-glare structure layer 160.
  • the pixel enlargement layer 140 can be a pixel enlargement film with a certain internal refractive index difference.
  • This refractive index difference causes light to change its direction of propagation when it encounters different refractive indices as it passes through the film.
  • Different interface shapes and structures lead to different ways of changing direction, thus producing scattering phenomena corresponding to the structure.
  • Optical scattering effect is achieved through this internal refractive index difference, thereby achieving pixel enlargement in imaging.
  • Figure 6 illustrates three different types of scattering light patterns in pixel expansion layers.
  • the pixel expansion layer 140 can be formed from at least two materials with different refractive indices (such as a first material and a second material).
  • the formed pixel expansion layer can be a doped particle type pixel expansion layer (as shown in Figure 6(a)), a closely packed fiber type pixel expansion layer (as shown in Figure 6(b)), or a loosely packed grating type pixel expansion layer (as shown in Figure 6(c)).
  • the pixel expansion layer 140 can be a doped particle type pixel expansion layer, that is, the pixel expansion layer 140 can be formed by mixing scattering particles in a thin film substrate.
  • the thin film substrate i.e., the first material
  • the mixed scattering particles i.e., the second material
  • the pixel expansion layer 140 can be a closely packed optical fiber type pixel expansion layer, that is, the pixel expansion layer 140 can be formed by adding closely packed optical fibers into a thin film substrate.
  • the refractive index of the thin film substrate i.e., the first material
  • the refractive index of the closely packed optical fibers i.e., the second material
  • the pixel enlargement layer 140 can be a loosely arranged grating type pixel enlargement layer, that is, the pixel enlargement layer 140 can be formed by adding a loosely arranged grating to the thin film substrate.
  • the refractive index of the thin film substrate i.e., the first material
  • the refractive index of the loosely arranged grating i.e., the second material
  • the pixel expansion layer 140 has an internal refractive index variation and can be formed from at least two materials with different refractive indices.
  • the pixel expansion layer 140 includes a first material and a second material, the first material having a first refractive index and the second material having a second refractive index, the difference between the first and second refractive indices being a first refractive index difference value.
  • the first refractive index can be the maximum refractive index within the pixel expansion layer 140
  • the second refractive index can be the minimum refractive index within the pixel expansion layer 140
  • the first refractive index difference value can be the refractive index difference between the maximum and minimum refractive indices within the pixel expansion layer 140.
  • the value range of the first refractive index difference value can be 0.005-0.4.
  • the pixel expansion layer 140 is generally formed by placing two or more types of materials (different materials with different refractive indices) inside the thin film, namely, a substrate (thin film) and scattering materials (such as particles, gratings, etc.), thus creating a thin film with internal refractive index differences.
  • the pixel expansion layer 140 can be implemented, for example, in the following ways:
  • materials with different refractive indices are mixed together (typically one with a high refractive index and the other with a low refractive index), and a uniform mixed layer of a certain thickness is formed on a substrate through coating or other methods.
  • the substrate can be a plastic film such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or triacetyl cellulose (TAC), or a harder substrate such as glass or ultra-thin glass (UTG).
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • TAC triacetyl cellulose
  • UTG ultra-thin glass
  • the pattern can be periodic or aperiodic; the microstructures within the pattern can be continuous or discontinuous, regular or irregular, without limitation. Further processing can solidify the remaining low-refractive material. This results in a solidified high-refractive material with a specific pattern, surrounded by an optical film (i.e., pixel expansion layer 140) of low-refractive material.
  • optical film i.e., pixel expansion layer 140
  • These types of thin films can have different optical effects depending on their refractive index, structural pattern, and overall thickness.
  • such optical films with internal refractive index differences can be obtained by imprinting.
  • an imprinting mold is made, the surface of which has a certain pattern (such as a periodic or non-periodic structure).
  • the structural morphology is transferred to the material by imprinting with the mold.
  • the material retains the pattern through a curing process (UV irradiation or thermal curing).
  • a material with another refractive index (such as a low-refractive or high-refractive photoresist) is coated on the pattern surface to fill the gaps formed by the patterning, and finally, a grating-type pixel expansion layer as shown in Figure 6(c) can be obtained.
  • the light after passing through the pixel amplification layer 140 has an equivalent pixel amplification effect that meets the minimum requirement for achieving low display flicker, so as not to excessively sacrifice display clarity, and thus the display module 100 has the best flicker and clarity effect.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种显示模组和电子设备，该显示模组可应用于电子设备中，该显示模组包括沿出光方向上层叠设置的发光层、封装层、第一透光层、像素扩大层、第二透光层和抗眩结构层，其中，像素扩大层具有第一材料和第二材料，第一材料具有第一折射率，第二材料具有第二折射率，第一折射率与第二折射率的差值为第一折射率差值；像素扩大层的下表面与发光层的上表面之间的距离为第一距离，第一距离与第一折射率差值的乘积的范围为15μm-200μm。在本申请中，通过限定第一距离与第一折射率差值的乘积的范围，使得经过像素扩大层后的光线，其等效的像素放大效果满足达成低显示闪点的最低需求，能够在实现低闪点的同时达到较高的图像清晰度。

Description

显示模组和电子设备
本申请要求在2024年06月28日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为202410868317.0的中国专利申请的优先权，发明名称为“显示模组和电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及图像显示技术领域，更为具体地，涉及一种显示模组和电子设备。
背景技术
屏幕作为最主要的终端人机交互硬件，在日常通讯以及办公的场景中有着无法替代的作用。如今，在愈发增加的显示器使用场景中，消费者开始注重显示器对于视觉健康的影响。降低肉眼观看屏幕时所带来的视觉疲劳成为了先进显示器的主流设计方向之一。这其中包含了如低蓝光、无频闪、低反射、抗眩光等一系列显示器件设计。其中，抗眩光技术专注于减小或者消除屏幕因经过镜面反射环境光而产生的眩目效果。
目前，通常会在屏幕上使用抗眩盖板以减小屏幕产生的眩目效果。抗眩盖板的主要功能在于通过表面微结构散射原理，达成漫反射的目的。然而，抗眩盖板会对发光层所发出的光线造成散射，使得不同子像素之间的光线出现不均匀的光线串扰现象，造成视觉上的闪点问题。
若想解决闪点问题，通常会在抗眩盖板的抗眩结构制作过程中，控制其中的雾度参数，这使得从发光层发出的光线能够在一定程度上有均匀的混光效果。然而，这种方式将会严重降低显示图像的清晰度，因此单一抗眩盖板的方案无法同时兼顾低闪点和高清晰度。
发明内容
本申请提供一种显示模组和电子设备，能够在实现低闪点的同时达到较高的图像清晰度。
第一方面，提供了一种显示模组，该显示模组包括沿出光方向上层叠设置的发光层、封装层、第一透光层、像素扩大层、第二透光层和抗眩结构层，其中，像素扩大层具有第一材料和第二材料，所述第一材料具有第一折射率，所述第二材料具有第二折射率，所述第一折射率与所述第二折射率的差值为第一折射率差值；像素扩大层的下表面与发光层的上表面之间的距离为第一距离，所述第一距离与所述第一折射率差值的乘积的范围为15μm-200μm。
示例性的，像素扩大层具有内部折射率变化，像素扩大层可由至少两种具有不同折射率的材料形成。例如，像素扩大层包括第一材料和第二材料，第一材料具有第一折射率，第二材料具有第二折射率，第一折射率与第二折射率的差值为第一折射率差值，例如，第一折射率可以为像素扩大层内的最大折射率，第二折射率可以为像素扩大层内的最小折射率，第一折射率差值可以为像素扩大层内的最大折射率与最小折射率的折射率差值。示例性的，第一折射率差值的取值范围可以为0.005-0.4。示例性的，像素扩大层的厚度介于20μm-400μm之间。
示例性的，发光层可以包括沿出光方向上层叠设置的基底、驱动电路(如薄膜晶体管驱动电路)、阳极层、发光单元和阴极层，若发光层的最上层为阴极层，则像素扩大层的下表面与发光层的上表面之间的第一距离可以认为是：像素扩大层的下表面与发光层的阴极层的上表面之间的距离。
应理解，像素扩大层主要可以起到降低闪点的作用，即通过设置具有像素扩大效果的像素扩大层，使得发光层发出的光线在进入抗眩结构层之前先经过像素扩大层均匀混光，以此达到降低抗眩结构层带来的光线串扰(闪点)问题。
如果像素扩大层距离发光层太远，则其带来的等效像素放大效果会使像素成像过大，虽然能够带来更低的闪点，但同时严重影响了画面清晰度。相对应的，如果太近，则起不到像素放大的效果，虽然能够保证清晰度，但无法达成低闪点的效果。因此，需要针对像素扩大层的光学效果(主要表现为内部折射率差异Δn)和其到达发光层上表面的距离(即第一距离d)，规定其特定的最佳摆设位置，以此达到最优化的叠层架构设计。同时，该优化设计也可以根据抗眩结构层的效果，做出相对应的改变，从而可以实现高清低闪点抗眩显示系统设计。为了得到最佳的显示效果，要求发光层和像素扩大层之间存在特定的光程，使得在这样的设计下能够得到最优化的屏幕清晰度和兼顾的闪点抑制效果。
在本申请实施例中，通过增设像素扩大层可以降低闪点，通过限定第一距离与第一折射率差值的乘积在预设范围内(即15μm-200μm)，使得经过像素扩大层后的光线，其等效的像素放大效果满足达成低显示闪点的最低需求，并且不过度牺牲图像显示清晰度，从而能够在实现低闪点的同时达到较高的图像清晰度。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述像素扩大层用于放大像素，并且放大后的像素面积为原始像素面积的1.3倍至3倍之间。也就是说，原始像素面积A0与经过像素扩大层放大后的像素(或放大后的像素的外切圆)的面积A1满足以下关系：1.3*A0≤A1≤3*A0。
在本申请实施例中，像素扩大层可用于进行像素的放大，即像素扩大层具有像素放大效果，并且放大后的像素面积为原始像素面积的1.3倍至3倍之间，能够达到较高的图像清晰度。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一透光层包括沿出光方向上层叠设置的第一粘接层、第一偏光片和第二粘接层；所述第一粘接层位于所述封装层与所述第一偏光片之间，所述第二粘接层位于所述第一偏光片与所述像素扩大层之间。其中，第一粘接层和第二粘接层可以采用光学透明胶。
在本申请实施例中，采用偏光片架构时，可以在第一透光层中设置偏光片(圆偏光片或线偏光片)，偏光片的两侧通过粘接层与其他层实现固定连接。
在一些可能的情况下，当像素扩大层的第一折射率差值较小时，为了满足第一折射率差值与第一距离的乘积的范围在预设范围内，需要增大像素扩大层的下表面与发光层的上表面之间的第一距离，也即需要增加封装层和第一透光层的厚度，封装层的厚度一般是固定的，因此可以在第一透光层中设置多层结构以增加第一距离。在这种情况下，可以在第一透光层中设置偏光片或者设置多层粘接层或者设置其他透光结构，以满足第一距离的要求。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第二透光层包括沿出光方向上层叠设置的第三粘接层、第二偏光片和第四粘接层；所述第三粘接层位于所述像素扩大层与所述第二偏光片之间，所述第四粘接层位于所述第二偏光片与所述抗眩结构层之间。其中，第三粘接层和第四粘接层可以采用光学透明胶。
在本申请实施例中，采用偏光片架构时，可以在第二透光层中设置偏光片(圆偏光片或线偏光片)，偏光片的两侧通过粘接层与其他层实现固定连接。
在一些可能的情况下，像素扩大层的内部结构例如是光栅结构，这时可以在第二透光层中设置偏光片，即将偏光片设置在像素扩大层的上方，从而可以减小光线经过像素扩大层带来的光栅衍射斑纹。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述显示模组还包括触控电路层，所述触控电路层位于所述封装层与所述第一透光层之间。
在本申请实施例中，在偏光片架构中，触控电路层可以设置在封装层与第一透光层之间，或者，触控电路层也可以设置在封装层的内部。通过将触控电路层集成在显示模组或显示面板中，能够实现用户界面的直接交互功能。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述显示模组还包括滤光膜片，所述滤光膜片位于所述封装层与所述第一透光层之间。
在本申请实施例中，采用无偏光片技术时，可以通过滤光膜片(即彩膜)替代传统的偏光片，能够提升显示模组出光效率和显示色域，实现低功耗特性及轻薄化。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述显示模组还包括盖板和第三透光层，所述第三透光层位于所述盖板与所述滤光膜片之间，用于粘接所述盖板与所述滤光膜片；所述盖板位于所述第三透光层与第一透光层之间。示例性的，第三透光层可以是具有粘接作用且具有一定透光性的膜层。
在本申请实施例中，当采用无偏光片技术时，显示模组还可以包括盖板和第三透光层，第三透光层可用于粘接盖板与滤光膜片，盖板位于第三透光层与第一透光层之间，能够起到保护的作用。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一透光层和所述第二透光层均为用于粘接上下层的粘接层。示例性的，第一透光层和第二透光层还可以采用其他具有一定粘接效果的透光结构层。
在本申请实施例中，在无偏光片架构中，无需设置设偏光片，第一透光层和第二透光层可以为用于粘合上下两层的粘接层。也就是说，第一透光层位于像素扩大层和封装层之间，用于粘接像素扩大层和封装层；第二透光层位于像素扩大层和抗眩结构层之间，用于粘接像素扩大层和抗眩结构层。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一透光层和/或所述第二透光层的平均透射雾度小于或等于5％。应理解，平均透射雾度可以理解为透射雾度的平均值。
在本申请实施例中，通过限定第一透光层和第二透光层的平均透射雾度，从而使得光线在经过第一透光层和第二透光层时，不会产生过多的散射，避免影响图像清晰度。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述显示模组还包括触控电路层，所述触控电路层位于所述封装层与所述滤光膜片之间。
在本申请实施例中，在无偏光片架构中，触控电路层可以设置在封装层与滤光膜片(即彩膜)之间，或者，触控电路层也可以设置在封装层的内部。通过将触控电路层集成在显示模组或显示面板中，能够实现用户界面的直接交互功能。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述显示模组还包括减反结构层，所述减反结构层位于所述抗眩结构层远离所述发光层的一侧。
在本申请实施例中，通过在抗眩结构层远离发光层的一侧设置减反结构层，能够降低屏幕表面的反射率，使得外部光线照射到屏幕上时能够更多地穿透屏幕或者被散射掉，而不是直接反射回观者的眼睛。这样可以减少环境光线造成的镜面反射效果，使得屏幕内容在各种光照条件下都更为清晰可见。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述显示模组还包括疏油涂层，所述疏油涂层位于所述抗眩结构层远离所述发光层的一侧。
在本申请实施例中，通过在抗眩结构层远离发光层的一侧设置疏油涂层，能够实现屏幕的防污与易清洁、改善屏幕的触感、保护屏幕以及延长屏幕的使用寿命等目的。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述发光层包括多个发光单元，所述多个发光单元采用串联式设计。
在本申请实施例中，发光层中的发光单元可以采用传统的单器件(即single器件)技术，也可以采用串联的发光单元设计(如Tandem器件技术)。Tandem器件技术是将多个功能相似的器件单元(如RGB发光单元)串联起来，形成一个多层堆叠的结构。这样的设计可以通过叠加多个发光层来提高OLED器件的整体性能，从而可以提升亮度、延长使用寿命或降低功耗等。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述抗眩结构层包括抗眩基底和抗眩结构，所述抗眩基底位于所述第二透光层与所述抗眩结构之间。
在本申请实施例中，抗眩结构层是通过改变屏幕表面的物理特性，使其具有一定的漫反射效果，从而分散反射光，减轻由直射光线引起的眩光效应。这样即使在强光环境下，用户也能够减少因屏幕反射而产生的视觉干扰，提高可视性。
在一些可能的情况下，可以在抗眩基底上加工形成抗眩结构，抗眩结构具有微小的凹凸纹理，从而具有一定的漫反射效果，能够减轻由直射光线引起的眩光效应。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述抗眩结构层的表面具有凹凸起伏，所述抗眩结构层的粗糙度范围为100nm-350nm所述抗眩结构层的厚度范围为5μm-5000μm。
在本申请实施例中，抗眩结构层可以为通过在光面玻璃表面通过例如化学蚀刻等方式形成表面凹凸不平的结构，使其具有一定的漫反射效果，能够减轻由直射光线引起的眩光效应。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述抗眩结构层的透过率大于或等于85％，所述抗眩结构层的平均透射雾度范围为5％-35％。应理解，平均透射雾度可以理解为透射雾度的平均值。
在本申请实施例中，通过限定抗眩结构层的平均透射雾度和透过率，从而使得光线在经过抗眩结构层时，不会产生过多的散射，避免影响图像清晰度。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述抗眩结构层的表面平整，且所述抗眩结构层的内部掺杂粒子，所述抗眩结构层内部的掺杂粒子的平均粒径范围为200nm-2000nm，所述抗眩结构层的厚度范围为1000nm-5000nm。
在本申请实施例中，抗眩结构层可以为具有平整或基本平整的表面，但其内部掺杂粒子的结构。抗眩结构层内部掺杂的粒子可以为金属或金属的氧化物，也可以为有机高分子。在这种情况下，抗眩结构层也可以减轻由直射光线引起的眩光效应，即使在强光环境下，用户也能够减少因屏幕反射而产生的视觉干扰，提高可视性。
第二方面，提供了一种电子设备，该电子设备包括如第一方面以及第一方面的任一实现方式中所述的显示模组。
应理解，当电子设备采用如第一方面所述的显示模组时，能够在实现低闪点的同时达到较高的图像清晰度。
附图说明
图1是本申请示出的两种抗眩盖板的剖面示意图。
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种显示模组的剖面示意图。
图3是本申请实施例提供的另一种显示模组的剖面示意图。
图4是本申请实施例提供的另一种显示模组的剖面示意图。
图5是本申请实施例提供的另一种显示模组的剖面示意图。
图6是本申请实施例提供的像素扩大层的散射光型的示意图。
图7是本申请实施例提供的另一种显示模组的剖面示意图。
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种抗眩光能力指标BRDF的计算参考图。
图9是本申请实施例提供的另一种显示模组的剖面示意图。
图10是本申请实施例提供的另一种显示模组的剖面示意图。
图11是本申请实施例提供的另一种显示模组的剖面示意图。
图12是本申请实施例提供的另一种显示模组的剖面示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，对本申请中的技术方案进行描述。
在本申请实施例中，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明智或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个特征。另外，在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”是指两个或多于两个，“至少一个”和“一个或多个”是指一个、两个或两个以上。单数表达形式“一个”、“一种”、“所述”、“上述”、“该”和“这一”旨在也包括例如“一个或多个”这种表达形式，除非其上下文中明确地有相反指示。下文各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。例如，本申请实施例中，“110”、“120”、“130”等字样仅为了描述方便作出的标识，并不是对执行步骤的次序进行限定。
在本说明书中描述的参考“一个实施例”或“一些实施例”等意味着在本申请的一个或多个实施例中包括结合该实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特点。由此，在本说明书中的不同之处出现的语句“在一个实施例中”、“在一些实施例中”、“在其他一些实施例中”、“在另外一些实施例中”等不是必然都参考相同的实施例，而是意味着“一个或多个但不是所有的实施例”，除非是以其他方式另外特别强调。术语“包括”、“包含”、“具有”及它们的变形都意味着“包括但不限于”，除非是以其他方式另外特别强调。
本申请实施例的描述中，术语“上”、“下”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为相对于附图中的部件示意放置的方位或位置来定义的，应当理解，这些方向性术语是相对的概念，它们用于相对于的描述和澄清，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元器件必须具有的特定的方位、或以特定的方位构造和操作，其可以根据附图中部件放置的方位的变化而相应地发生变化，因此不能理解为对本申请的限定。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中的第一表面与第二表面之间的距离可以理解为第一表面所在的水平面与第二表面所在的水平面之间的垂直距离，这里的垂直是相当于叠层的厚度方向而言的。若第一平面和/或第二平面不是平整的表面时，二者之间的距离可理解为第一平面的最高点与第二平面最高点之间的垂直距离，或者也可以理解为第一平面的最低点与第二平面最低点之间的垂直距离，或者还可以理解为第一平面的居中点(即最高点与最低点之间的中点)与第二平面的居中点(即最高点与最低点之间的中点)之间的垂直距离。
屏幕作为最主要的终端人机交互硬件，在日常通讯以及办公的场景中有着无法替代的作用。作为一个显示器件，屏幕最主要的功能在于对信息的有效展示，以此为中心，拓展了一系列的技术发展方向。比如在手机上，更高的分辨率、更丰富的色彩展现能力以及更低的功耗成为了主流的屏幕技术追求。不仅如此，除去屏幕本身的素质以外，针对应用场景，也出现了不同的终端器件设计策略。比如，在注重隐私保护这项功能时，通过在屏幕上额外搭载可随视角变化光透过率的膜层，可以得到具有防窥效果的屏幕。而如今，在愈发增加的显示器使用场景中，消费者开始注重显示器对于视觉健康的影响。降低肉眼观看屏幕时所带来的视觉疲劳成为了先进显示器的主流设计方向之一。这其中包含了如低蓝光、无频闪、低反射、抗眩光等一系列显示器件设计，关注用户健康使用显示器件这一核心设计思维。抗眩光技术专注于减小或者消除屏幕因经过镜面反射环境光而产生的眩目效果。对于日常生活中的点光源(如灯光、日光)，极高的光源亮度不适于人眼直接或者间接(如通过镜面反射)观看。另一方面，抗眩光技术也直接影响屏幕画面的表现(如显示点亮状态下的画面文字清晰度)，这使得抗眩光技术的发展需要兼顾对于反射环境光的管理，以及像素发光的光线管理。根据技术要求，达成抗眩光的条线包括了对于屏幕发光的光线管理，以及经过屏幕反射后的环境光线管理。
目前，通常会在屏幕上使用抗眩盖板以减小屏幕产生的眩目效果。如图1所示，抗眩盖板可以分为玻璃抗眩盖板10和复合材料抗眩盖板20，在一些示例中，如图1中的(a)所示，玻璃抗眩盖板10以光面玻璃11为基础，在光面玻璃11的表面通过例如化学蚀刻等方式得到微结构形貌(即抗眩结构12)。抗眩结构12通常以不规则排布的排列形式出现，从而使入射到玻璃抗眩盖板10表面的光线发生散射。也就是说，入射光线入射到玻璃抗眩盖板10的抗眩结构12上会发生不同程度的散射，出射光线可以从不同角度出射。在另一些示例中，如图1中的(b)所示，复合材料抗眩盖板20以热塑性材料为基础，通过热压的方式结合两种不同材料，并在其中一面制作抗眩结构。例如，复合材料抗眩盖板20可以包括抗眩基底21和抗眩结构22，其中，抗眩基底21可以为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethyl methacrylate，PMMA)材质，抗眩结构22可以为聚碳酸酯(polycarbonate，PC)材质。示例性的，可以通过纳米压印的制作方式将PC热压在PMMA上。这样，复合材料抗眩盖板20表面形成的抗眩结构22可以使入射光产生了漫反射。也就是说，入射光线入射到复合材料抗眩盖板20的抗眩结构22上会发生不同程度的散射，出射光线可以从不同角度出射。
应理解，抗眩盖板的主要功能在于通过表面微结构散射原理，达成漫反射的目的。然而，这种结构(即抗眩结构)也会对显示面板(或发光层)所发出的光线造成散射。这使得不同子像素之间的光线出现不均匀的光线串扰现象，造成视觉上的闪点问题。
显示面板(或发光层)发射出的光线(包括红绿蓝光线)，在经过抗眩盖板的不均匀微结构时会造成光线的散射，抗眩盖板表面的抗眩结构会使像素光线发生不规律的散射现象，从而会使得红绿蓝光线会相互串扰。这类散射现象最终会导致显示画面中出现肉眼可见的明暗颗粒状视觉感知，在视觉上表现为随视角变化的闪烁斑纹(即闪点)。闪点问题在有机发光二极管(organic light-emitting diode，OLED)显示屏上尤其明显。归其原因，OLED显示技术相较于传统的液晶显示器(liquid crystal display，LCD)技术，像素开口率更低，导致OLED显示屏幕在搭载使用随机表面结构的抗眩光方案时会出现更严重的闪点问题。
若想解决闪点问题，通常会在抗眩盖板的抗眩结构制作过程中，控制其中的雾度参数(雾度描述了光线经过介质并产生了散射之后，出射光型物理性质之一。其定义为偏离入射光2.5°以上的透射光强占总透射光强的百分数，雾度越大意味着透明度/成像度下降)，这使得从显示面板(或发光层)发出的光线能够在一定程度上有均匀的混光效果。然而，这种方式将会严重降低显示图像的清晰度，因此单一抗眩盖板的方案无法同时兼顾低闪点和高清晰度。
为解决上述问题，本申请实施例提供了一种显示模组和电子设备，能够在实现低闪点的同时达到较高的图像清晰度。
以下将结合图2至图10详细介绍本申请实施例提供的显示模组的剖面示意图。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例提供的显示模组可应用于电子设备，其中，该显示模组例如可以为液晶显示器(liquid crystal display，LCD)、有机发光二极管(organic light-emitting diode，OLED)、LED等，该电子设备例如可以包括手机、显示器、大屏电视以及平板等具有显示屏的装置。电子设备可以具备高分辨率，例如主流的2K，4K，8K显示器。电子设备的像素密度(pixels per inch，PPI)可以是低PPI的(＜200)或者是高PPI的(≥200，≥250，≥300，≥350，≥400，≥450，以及≥500)。
如图2所示，显示模组100可以包括发光层110、封装层120、第一透光层130、像素扩大层140、第二透光层150和抗眩结构层160，发光层110、封装层120、第一透光层130、像素扩大层140、第二透光层150和抗眩结构层160沿出光方向上层叠设置。具体地，发光层110可以设置在最下层，封装层120可以设置在发光层110之上，第一透光层130可以设置在封装层120的远离发光层110的一侧，像素扩大层140可以设置在第一透光层130的远离封装层120的一侧，第二透光层150可以设置在像素扩大层140远离第一透光层130的一侧，抗眩结构层160设置在最上层，即抗眩结构层160可以设置在第二透光层150远离像素扩大层140的一侧。发光层110发出的光线可以穿过封装层120、第一透光层130、像素扩大层140、第二透光层150和抗眩结构层160，最终被人眼观察到。
示例性的，像素扩大层140具有内部折射率变化，像素扩大层140可由至少两种具有不同折射率的材料形成。例如，像素扩大层140包括第一材料和第二材料，第一材料具有第一折射率，第二材料具有第二折射率，第一折射率与第二折射率的差值为第一折射率差值，例如，第一折射率可以为像素扩大层140内的最大折射率，第二折射率可以为像素扩大层140内的最小折射率，第一折射率差值可以为像素扩大层140内的最大折射率与最小折射率的折射率差值。示例性的，第一折射率差值的取值范围可以为0.005-0.4。
应理解，像素扩大层140的下表面与发光层110的上表面之间的距离为第一距离，第一距离与第一折射率差值的乘积的范围为15μm-200μm。
应理解，在本申请中，通过增设像素扩大层140可以降低闪点，通过限定第一距离与第一折射率差值的乘积的范围，使得经过像素扩大层140后的光线，其等效的像素放大效果满足达成低显示闪点的最低需求，并且不过度牺牲图像显示清晰度，从而能够在实现低闪点的同时达到较高的图像清晰度。
发光层110主要用于发出光线，例如射出红绿蓝光。发光层110可以包括层叠设置的基底、驱动电路(如薄膜晶体管驱动电路)、阳极层、发光单元和阴极层等。其中，发光单元可以包括以阵列形式排布的多个像素发光单元，每个像素发光单元包括至少三个子像素发光单元(如RGB发光单元)，每个子像素发光单元可显示一种颜色的光。例如，每个像素发光单元可以包括三个子像素发光单元，分别是一个可显示(发出)红光的红色子像素发光单元(即红色发光层)、一个可显示绿光的绿色子像素发光单元(即绿色发光层)以及一个可显示蓝光的蓝色子像素发光单元(即蓝色发光层)。发光层110的具体结构可参考现有的LCD、OLED及LED的结构，在此不再详细阐述。
需要说明的是，在本申请实施例中，发光层110中的发光单元可以采用传统的单器件(即single器件)技术，也可以采用串联的发光单元设计(如Tandem器件技术)增加发光强度，本申请对此不限定。
应理解，Tandem器件技术通常指的是在电子器件(如OLED)领域中采用的一种结构设计方法，即将多个功能相似的器件单元(如RGB发光单元)串联起来，形成一个多层堆叠的结构。这样的设计可以通过叠加多个发光层来提高OLED器件的整体性能，从而可以提升亮度、延长使用寿命或降低功耗等。Tandem器件技术的具体说明可以参考现有技术，本申请在此不具体阐述。
封装层120可以为薄膜封装(thin film encapsulation，TFE)层或传统的玻璃封装层，封装层120主要可以起到保护发光层110的作用。封装层120可以采用玻璃材质，例如，平板的显示屏中的封装层可以采用玻璃材质，封装层120也可以采用有机高分子材质(如透明聚酰亚胺(colorless polyimide，CPI)薄膜，耐高温聚酯(polyethylene terephthalate，PET)薄膜，三醋酸纤维素(triacetyl cellulose，TAC)薄膜等材料)，例如，折叠屏或超薄显示屏中的封装层可以采用有机高分子材质。
第一透光层130和第二透光层150分别设置在像素扩大层140的两侧，第一透光层130和第二透光层150为具备小于或等于5％的平均透射雾度的膜层。应理解，平均透射雾度可以理解为透射雾度的平均值。透射雾度是指光线穿过物体时所发生的散射程度。当光线穿过材料时，会与材料内部的微小不均匀性相互作用，导致光线发生散射。透射雾度越高，表示材料对光线的散射能力越强，透射光线越模糊。相反，透射雾度越低，表示材料对光线的散射能力越弱，透射光线越清晰。
通过限定第一透光层130和第二透光层150的平均透射雾度，从而使得光线在经过第一透光层130和第二透光层150时，不会产生过多的散射，避免影响图像清晰度。
应理解，第一透光层130和第二透光层150可以为单层结构，也可以为多层结构。例如，第一透光层130和第二透光层150可以为用于粘合上下两层的粘合层；又例如，第一透光层130和第二透光层150可以包括用于过滤光线偏振态的偏光片；又例如，第一透光层130和第二透光层150可以为其他不具备强散射效果的光学膜层(光学膜层的平均透射雾度≤5％)。
在一些实施例中，如图3所示，若采用偏光片(polarizer，POL)架构，第一透光层130可以包括粘接层131、偏光片132和粘接层133；偏光片132可以用于过滤光线的偏振态；粘接层131位于封装层120与偏光片132之间，用于粘接封装层120和偏光片132；粘接层133位于偏光片132与像素扩大层140之间，用于粘接偏光片132和像素扩大层140。偏光片132可以为线偏光片，也可以为圆偏光片，本申请对此不作限定。
应理解，在一些可能的情况下，当像素扩大层140的第一折射率差值较小时，为了实现低闪点的同时达到较高的图像清晰度，需要限定第一折射率差值与第一距离的乘积的范围在预设范围内，需要增大像素扩大层140的下表面与发光层110的上表面之间的第一距离，也即需要增加封装层120和第一透光层130的厚度，因此可以在第一透光层130中设置多层结构以增加第一距离。在这种情况下，可以在第一透光层130中设置偏光片或者设置多层粘接层或者设置其他透光结构，以满足第一距离的要求。
在一些实施例中，如图4所示，若采用POL架构，第二透光层150可以包括粘接层151、偏光片152和粘接层153；偏光片152可以用于过滤光线的偏振态；粘接层151位于像素扩大层140与偏光片152之间，用于粘接像素扩大层140和偏光片152；粘接层153位于偏光片152与抗眩结构层160之间，用于粘接偏光片152和抗眩结构层160。偏光片152可以为线偏光片，也可以为圆偏光片，本申请对此不作限定。
应理解，在一些可能的情况下，像素扩大层140的内部结构例如光栅结构，这时将偏光片设置在第二透光层150中，即将偏光片设置在像素扩大层140的上方，可以减小像素扩大层140带来的光栅衍射斑纹。
示例性的，粘接层131、粘接层133、粘接层151以及粘接层153均可以采用光学透明胶(optically clear adhesive，OCA)。
在一些实施例中，在POL架构下，显示模组100还可以包括触控电路层(finger touch sensing layer)，触控电路层位于封装层120与第一透光层130之间。应理解，触控电路层通过精密的电路设计和信号处理技术，集成在显示面板中，能够实现用户界面的直接交互功能。
显示模组的POL架构将结合图11进行详细说明。
在一些实施例中，显示模组100可以采用无偏光片技术(color filter on encapsulation，COE)架构，COE架构通过彩膜(color filter，CF)架构，替代传统偏光片架构，能够提升显示模组出光效率和显示色域，实现低功耗特性及轻薄化。
示例性的，如图5所示，若采用COE架构，则显示模组100还可以包括滤光膜片200，滤光膜片200可以设置在封装层120与第一透光层130之间。应理解，滤光膜片200可以称为滤光片、彩色滤光片等。
如前所述的，每个像素通常由红、绿、蓝(RGB)三个亚像素组成，因此，在每个亚像素上都应有一层对应颜色的滤光膜片。这些滤光膜片允许特定颜色的光通过，同时阻挡其余颜色的光，从而在组合时形成丰富的色彩。也就是说，滤光膜片200可以分为红色滤光片、绿色滤光片和蓝色滤光片，红色滤光片与红色发光单元对应，绿色滤光片与绿色发光单元对应，蓝色滤光片与蓝色发光单元对应，从而使得特定颜色的光通过，有助于增强显示图像的对比度和色彩饱和度，使得显示的颜色更为鲜明和真实。
需要说明的是，在COE架构中，第一透光层130和第二透光层150可以为用于粘合上下两层的粘接层。也就是说，第一透光层130位于像素扩大层140和封装层120之间，用于粘接像素扩大层140和封装层120；第二透光层150位于像素扩大层140和抗眩结构层160之间，用于粘接像素扩大层140和抗眩结构层160。
示例性的，第一透光层130和第二透光层150还可以采用其他具有一定粘接效果的透光结构层，本申请对此不作限定。
在一些示例中，在COE架构中，显示模组100还包括可以盖板和第三透光层，第三透光层位于盖板与滤光膜片之间，可用于粘接盖板与滤光膜片200；盖板位于第三透光层与第一透光层130之间。
在一些示例中，在COE架构中，显示模组100还可以包括触控电路层，触控电路层位于封装层120与滤光膜片200之间。
示例性的，在COE架构中，第一透光层130和第二透光层150以及第三透光层均可以采用光学透明胶(optically clear adhesive，OCA)。
显示模组的COE架构将结合图12进行详细说明。
像素扩大层140位于第一透光层130和第二透光层150之间，主要可以起到降低闪点的作用，即通过设置具有像素扩大效果的光学膜片，使得发光层发出的光线在进入抗眩结构之前先经过膜片均匀混光，以此达到降低抗眩结构带来的光线串扰(闪点)问题。具体而言，像素扩大层140主要是通过一些散射结构，达成对于入射光的均匀散射，通过光学的方式达成像素成像放大的效果，使得红绿蓝子像素的空间占比大，且像素间隔小，增加了像素开口率，以此减小由于抗眩结构层160的不规则微结构的光学散射带来的显示闪点问题。
应理解，像素扩大层140可以为具备一定内部折射率差异的像素扩大膜片，这种折射率差异会使得光线在经过膜片内部时，遇到不同材料的折射率，发生光的传播方向改变，不同的交界面形状结构会导致不同的方向改变方式，从而产生与结构对应的散射现象。通过这种内部的折射率差异达成光学散射效果，从而在成像上达成像素放大。
图6示出了三种不同类型的像素扩大层的散射光型。如图6所示，像素扩大层140可由至少两种具有不同折射率的材料形成(如第一材料和第二材料)，形成的像素扩大层可以为掺杂颗粒类型的像素扩大层(如图6中的(a)所示)，也可以为紧密排布光纤类型的像素扩大层(如图6中的(b)所示)，还可以为松散排布光栅类型的像素扩大层(如图6中的(c)所示)。
在一些示例中，如图6中的(a)所示，像素扩大层140可以为掺杂颗粒类型的像素扩大层，也就是说，可以通过在薄膜基材中混合散射颗粒形成像素扩大层140。其中，薄膜基材(即第一材料)的折射率为n2，混合的散射颗粒(即第二材料)的折射率为n1。
在一些示例中，如图6中的(b)所示，像素扩大层140可以为紧密排布光纤类型的像素扩大层，也就是说，可以通过在薄膜基材中加入紧密排布光纤形成像素扩大层140。其中，薄膜基材(即第一材料)的折射率为n2，紧密排布的光纤(即第二材料)的折射率为n1。
在一些示例中，如图6中的(c)所示，像素扩大层140可以为松散排布光栅类型的像素扩大层，也就是说，可以通过在薄膜基材中加入松散排布光栅形成像素扩大层140。其中，薄膜基材(即第一材料)的折射率为n2，松散排布的光栅(即第二材料)的折射率为n1。
像素扩大层140具有内部折射率变化，像素扩大层140可由至少两种具有不同折射率的材料形成。例如，像素扩大层140包括第一材料和第二材料，第一材料具有第一折射率，第二材料具有第二折射率，第一折射率与第二折射率的差值为第一折射率差值，例如，第一折射率可以为像素扩大层140内的最大折射率，第二折射率可以为像素扩大层140内的最小折射率，第一折射率差值可以为像素扩大层140内的最大折射率与最小折射率的折射率差值。示例性的，第一折射率差值的取值范围可以为0.005-0.4。
示例性的，第一折射率差值可记为Δn，Δn＝|n1-n2|，其中，0.005≤Δn≤0.4，n1可以为像素扩大层140内的最大折射率或最小折射率，n2可以为像素扩大层140内的最小折射率或最大折射率，Δn为像素扩大层140内的最大折射率和最小折射率的差值。
应理解，像素扩大层140一般是通过在薄膜内部设置两类或者以上的材料(不同材料折射率不同)，即基材(薄膜)和散射材料(如颗粒、光栅等)，形成了具有内部折射率差异薄膜。像素扩大层140例如可以通过以下方式实现：
在一种实现方式中，可以将原本就具有不同折射率的材料(通常为高分子材料，呈液态)混合在一起(通常一种具备高折射率，另一种为低折射率)，通过涂布等方式在基材上形成具备一定厚度的均匀混合层。其中，基材可以为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethylene terephthalate，PET)，三醋酸纤维素膜(tri-acetyl cellulose，TAC)等塑料薄膜，也可以是如玻璃、超薄柔性玻璃(ultra thin glass，UTG)这一类的较硬基材。通过紫外光(ultraviolet，UV)曝光或者热固化，其中的高折射材料会自行聚合并固化，形成一定的三维结构图案；图案可以是周期的、非周期的；图案中的微小结构可以是连续的或非连续的，可以规则的会非规则的，对此不作限定。通过进一步加工则可以固化剩余的低折射的材料。至此，就得到了一个固化的具备特定图形的高折射材料，被周围低折射材料包裹的光学薄膜(即像素扩大层140)。这类薄膜，根据折射率的差异，结构图案，以及总体厚度，能够有不同的光学效果。
在另一种实现方式中，可以通过压印的方式得到这类具备内部折射率差异的光学膜片(即像素扩大层140)。首先制作一个压印模具，模具的表面具备一定的图案(如周期性或这非周期性的结构)；将某一折射率的材料涂布在基材上后，通过模具压印的方式将结构形貌转印至改材料上，然后通过固化工艺(UV照射或者热固化)改材料保持图案；最后，在材料剥离模板之后，在图案表面涂布另一折射率的材料(如低折射或高折射的光刻胶)，填充图案化形成的空隙，最终可以得到如图6中的(c)所示的光栅类型的像素扩大层。
应理解，本申请还可以通过其他加工方式获取具有内部折射率差异的像素扩大层140，上述实现方式仅为示例性说明，不应对本申请像素扩大层140的加工方式产生限制。
需要说明的是，不论是哪种方式实现的像素扩大膜片，其本质都是散射入射光。在显示效果上，像素扩大膜片的光学效果等同于放大镜，而过大或过小的放大效果都会导致显示效果不良。比如：像素扩大膜片距离发光区域太远，则此时的放大效果较好，通过这类的光学效果可以实现降低抗眩结构层160带来的闪点问题。然而，过度的散射(放大效果)将导致显示画面不清晰。另一方面，如果像素扩大膜片的距离和发光区域太近，则起不到很好的像素放大效果，相对应的闪点问题也不能得到很好的解决，即使此时的画面清晰度较高。
如果像素扩大层140距离发光层110太远，则其带来的等效像素放大效果会使像素成像过大，虽然能够带来更低的闪点，但同时严重影响了画面清晰度。相对应的，如果太近，则起不到像素放大的效果，虽然能够保证清晰度，但无法达成低闪点的效果。因此，需要针对像素扩大层140的光学效果(主要表现为内部折射率差异Δn)和其到达发光层110表面的距离，规定其特定的最佳摆设位置，以此达到最优化的叠层架构设计。同时，该优化设计也可以根据抗眩结构层160的效果，做出相对应的改变，从而可以实现高清低闪点抗眩显示系统设计。为了得到最佳的显示效果，要求发光层110和像素扩大层140之间存在特定的光程(optical distance，OD)，使得在这样的设计下能够得到最优化的屏幕清晰度和兼顾的闪点抑制效果。
也就是说，通过控制像素扩大层140相对于封装层120的距离，使得经过像素扩大层140后的光线，其等效的像素放大效果满足达成低显示闪点的最低需求，从而不过度牺牲显示清晰度，使得显示模组100拥有最优化的闪点和清晰度效果。
记像素扩大层140的下表面距离发光层110上表面之间的第一距离为d，即，沿显示模组100的厚度方向上，像素扩大层140的下表面与发光层110的上表面之间具有第一距离d。应理解，第一距离d与第一折射率差值Δn的乘积在预设范围内。
应理解，发光层110可以包括层叠设置的基底、驱动电路(如薄膜晶体管驱动电路)、阳极层、发光单元和阴极层。若发光层110的最上层为阴极层，则像素扩大层140的下表面与发光层110的上表面之间的第一距离可以认为是：像素扩大层140的下表面与发光层110的阴极层的上表面之间的距离。若发光层110的最上层为其他结构层，则像素扩大层140的下表面与发光层110的上表面之间的第一距离可以认为是：像素扩大层140的下表面与发光层110的其他结构层的上表面之间的距离。
示例性的，第一距离d与第一折射率差值Δn的乘积满足以下关系：Δn*d＝15μm-200μm。应理解，第一距离d为封装层120和第一透光层130的厚度总和，封装层120的厚度一般是固定的，因此可以通过调整第一透光层130的厚度以实现第一距离的增大或减小。也就是说，当需要增加第一距离d时，可以增加第一透光层130的厚度，当需要减少第一距离d时，可以减小第一透光层130的厚度。
示例性的，像素扩大层140的总体厚度可以介于20μm-400μm之间。应理解，像素扩大层140具备放大像素的效果，放大后的像素的外切圆具备面积A1，原有像素具备面积A0，A1和A0满足以下关系：1.3*A0≤A1≤3*A0。这里的像素指的是单个像素，像素放大效果可以通过显微镜拍摄识别。
抗眩结构层160位于第二透光层150之上，用于改善视觉体验，减少外部光线干扰。
如上述图1中所述的，抗眩(anti-glare，AG)结构层160是通过改变屏幕表面的物理特性，使其具有一定的漫反射效果，从而分散反射光，减轻由直射光线引起的眩光效应。例如，在屏幕表面加工出微小的凹凸纹理，这些微观结构可以将入射光散射到各个方向，而不是集中反射，这样即使在强光环境下，用户也能够减少因屏幕反射而产生的视觉干扰，提高可视性。应理解，AG结构层160的表面处理通常可以通过化学蚀刻或喷砂等工艺在玻璃或塑料表面形成粗糙化处理。
在一些示例中，抗眩结构层160可以为具有表面凹凸不平的结构。抗眩结构层160的表面粗糙度Ra的范围为100nm-350nm，抗眩结构层160的总体厚度范围为5μm-5000μm。
例如，抗眩结构层160可以为通过在光面玻璃表面通过例如化学蚀刻等方式形成表面凹凸不平的结构，该部分内容可以参考图1中的(a)。
又例如，如图7所示，抗眩结构层160可以包括抗眩基底161和抗眩结构162，示例性的，抗眩基底161可以为PMMA材质，抗眩结构162可以为PC材质，可以通过纳米压印的制作方式将PC热压在PMMA上。这样，抗眩结构层160表面形成的抗眩结构162可以使入射光产生了漫反射。该部分内容可以参考图1中的(b)。
在另一些示例中，抗眩结构层160可以为具有平整或基本平整的表面，但其内部掺杂粒子的结构。抗眩结构层160内部掺杂的粒子可以为金属或金属氧化物，如Ti、Zr、Si、SiO2，TiO2，ZrO2等；也可以为有机高分子，如聚四氟乙烯(polytetrafluoroethylene，PTFE)、PMMA、PC。示例性的，抗眩结构层160内部掺杂粒子的平均粒径范围为200nm-2000nm，抗眩结构层160的总体厚度范围为1000nm-5000nm。
示例性的，抗眩结构层160的透过率可以大于或等于85％，在一个示例中，抗眩结构层160的透过率可以大于或等于90％，在一个示例中，抗眩结构层160的透过率可以大于或等于95％。这里的透过率可以是：在单层抗眩结构，光源从空气入射，经过抗眩结构层160，出射到空气测得的光透过率。
示例性的，抗眩结构层160的平均透射雾度范围可以为5％-35％。应理解，平均透射雾度可以理解为透射雾度的平均值。通过限定抗眩结构层160的透过率和平均透射雾度，从而使得光线在经过抗眩结构层160时，不会产生过多的散射，避免影响图像清晰度。
需要说明的是，抗眩结构层160的抗眩光能力指标可以为双向反射分布函数(bidirectional reflectance distribution function，BRDF)，或者可以称为抗眩BRDF量或抗眩BRDF值。BRDF描述的是准直入射光以一定角度入射平面(如入射角度为0°，即垂直入射)，产生的反射光在反射范围内(半球)的在不同方向上的能量分布。BRDF作为描述光线经过物体表面散射后，反射光的光强分布物理量之一，可以用作描述抗眩结构层160表面的抗眩程度。其单位为1/固体角度(即sr-1)。而抗眩BRDF值指的是在1°角时的数值相较于0°(正视角)衰减。例如，BRDF(0°)＝X，BRDF(1°)＝Y，抗眩BRDF值＝(X-Y)/X。
例如，如图8所示，抗眩BRDF值的计算公式可以如下所示：
其中，BRDFθL(1°)表示法线方向与x轴正方向(即x方向)之间的夹角为1°时的BRDF值；BRDFθR(1°)表示法线方向与x轴负方向(即x′方向)之间的夹角为1°时的BRDF值；表示法线方向与y轴正方向(即y方向)之间的夹角为1°时的BRDF值；表示法线方向与y轴负方向(即y′方向)之间的夹角为1°时的BRDF值；BRDF(0°)表示法线方向的BRDF值。
应理解，抗眩结构层160的表面越粗糙，抗眩BRDF值越小；抗眩结构层160的表面越光滑，抗眩BRDF值越大。
示例性的，在本申请中，抗眩结构层160的抗眩BRDF值可以小于或等于10％。在一个示例中，抗眩结构层160的抗眩BRDF值可以小于或等于7％。在另一个示例中，抗眩结构层160的抗眩BRDF值可以小于或等于5％。
在一些实施例中，如图9所示，显示模组100还可以包括减反结构层170，减反结构层170可以设置在抗眩结构层160的上方，即减反结构层170位于抗眩结构层160的远离发光层110的一侧。减反结构层170的总厚度小于2μm。
应理解，减反(anti-reflection，AR)结构层170主要目的是降低屏幕表面的反射率，使得外部光线照射到屏幕上时能够更多地穿透屏幕或者被散射掉，而不是直接反射回观者的眼睛。这样可以减少环境光线造成的镜面反射效果，使得屏幕内容在各种光照条件下都更为清晰可见。AR结构层170通常通过在屏幕表面镀上一层或多层的透明薄膜来实现，这些薄膜的厚度经过精确计算，可以利用光学干涉原理，使得反射光波相互抵消。
示例性的，减反结构层170可以为多层无机材料的平面涂层，也可以为具备亚波长(波长小于450nm)结构尺寸的单层结构，本申请对此不作限定。
在一些实施例中，如图10所示，显示模组100还可以包括疏油涂层180，疏油涂层180可以设置在减反结构层170的上方，即疏油涂层180可以设置在减反结构层170的远离发光层110的一侧。或者，在没有设置减反结构层170时，疏油涂层180可以设置在抗眩结构层160的上方，即疏油涂层180可以设置在抗眩结构层160的远离发光层110的一侧。
应理解，显示器中的疏油涂层(oleophobic coating或fingerprint-resistant coating)是一种专门设计用于屏幕表面的复合材料层，疏油涂层180的主要功能如下：
①防污与易清洁：疏油涂层180具有低表面能的特性，这意味着它能够排斥油渍和其他液体，使得像指纹、油污、汗渍等不易附着在屏幕上，从而保持屏幕的清洁。即使屏幕表面沾染了油渍，也很容易用柔软干净的布擦拭干净，无需使用强力清洁剂。
②改善触感：疏油涂层180通常很薄，但它能提供平滑的触感，使得手指在屏幕上滑动时更加顺畅，减少摩擦力，提升触摸操作的体验。
③保护屏幕：疏油涂层180虽然主要针对液体和油脂，但也能一定程度上防止灰尘颗粒黏附，减少对屏幕的物理磨损。不过，需要注意的是，这层涂层本身比较脆弱，长时间使用或不当清洁(如使用尖锐物品擦拭)可能会导致涂层磨损或脱落。
④延长使用寿命：通过减少日常使用中的污渍累积，疏油涂层180有助于延长显示器的视觉清晰度和整体美观度，延缓因频繁清洁导致的屏幕老化过程。
需要说明的是，尽管疏油涂层180为显示器带来诸多好处，但它并非永久有效，随着时间和使用频率的增加，涂层的效果会逐渐减弱，需要定期维护或更换屏幕保护膜来维持最佳状态。
以下结合图11和图12详细介绍本申请实施例在POL架构和COE架构中的显示模组的剖面结构。
在一些POL架构中，显示模组100可以包括沿出光方向上层叠设置的发光层110、封装层120、触控电路层190、第一透光层130、像素扩大层140、第二透光层150、抗眩结构层160、减反结构层170和疏油涂层180，其中，第一透光层130可以包括沿出光方向上层叠设置的粘接层131、偏光片132和粘接层133，第二透光层150可以为粘接层；或者，第一透光层130可以为粘接层，第二透光层150可以包括沿出光方向上层叠设置的粘接层151、偏光片152和粘接层153。
示例性的，如图11所示，显示模组100可以包括沿出光方向上层叠设置的发光层110、封装层120、触控电路层190、粘接层131、偏光片132、粘接层133、像素扩大层140、第二透光层150、抗眩结构层160、减反结构层170和疏油涂层180。其中，发光层110可以包括基底、驱动电路、阳极层、发光单元和阴极层等。在这种情况下，像素扩大层140的下表面与发光层110的上表面之间的第一距离d可以认为是：像素扩大层140的下表面与发光层110的阴极层的上表面之间的距离。
在一些COE架构中，如图12所示，显示模组100可以包括沿出光方向上层叠设置的发光层110、封装层120、触控电路层190、滤光膜片200、第三透光层220、盖板210、第一透光层130、像素扩大层140、第二透光层150、抗眩结构层160、减反结构层170和疏油涂层180，其中，第一透光层130和第二透光层150均为粘接层。其中，发光层110可以包括基底、驱动电路、阳极层、发光单元和阴极层等。在这种情况下，像素扩大层140的下表面与发光层110的上表面之间的第一距离d可以认为是：像素扩大层140的下表面与发光层110的阴极层的上表面之间的距离。
应理解，图11和图12中未详细描述之处可以参考上述图2至图10中描述的内容，在此不再重复阐述。
此外，本申请实施例还提供了一种电子设备，该电子设备具有显示模组(或显示屏)，该显示模组可以采用上述图2至图12所述的显示模组100。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种显示模组，其特征在于，包括沿出光方向上层叠设置的发光层(110)、封装层(120)、第一透光层(130)、像素扩大层(140)、第二透光层(150)和抗眩结构层(160)；
    其中，所述像素扩大层(140)具有第一材料和第二材料，所述第一材料具有第一折射率，所述第二材料具有第二折射率，所述第一折射率与所述第二折射率的差值为第一折射率差值；所述像素扩大层(140)的下表面与所述发光层(110)的上表面之间的距离为第一距离，所述第一距离与所述第一折射率差值的乘积的范围为15μm-200μm。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的显示模组，其特征在于，所述第一折射率差值的取值范围为0.005-0.4。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的显示模组，其特征在于，所述像素扩大层(140)用于放大像素，并且放大后的像素面积为原始像素面积的1.3倍至3倍之间。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的显示模组，其特征在于，所述第一透光层(130)包括沿出光方向上层叠设置的第一粘接层(131)、第一偏光片(132)和第二粘接层(133)；
    所述第一粘接层(131)位于所述封装层(120)与所述第一偏光片(132)之间，所述第二粘接层(133)位于所述第一偏光片(132)与所述像素扩大层(140)之间。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的显示模组，其特征在于，所述第二透光层(150)包括沿出光方向上层叠设置的第三粘接层(151)、第二偏光片(152)和第四粘接层(153)；
    所述第三粘接层(151)位于所述像素扩大层(140)与所述第二偏光片(152)之间，所述第四粘接层(153)位于所述第二偏光片(152)与所述抗眩结构层(160)之间。
  6. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的显示模组，其特征在于，所述显示模组还包括滤光膜片(200)，所述滤光膜片(200)位于所述封装层(120)与所述第一透光层(130)之间。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的显示模组，其特征在于，所述显示模组还包括盖板(210)和第三透光层(220)，所述第三透光层(220)位于所述盖板(210)与所述滤光膜片(200)之间；所述盖板(210)位于所述第三透光层(220)与第一透光层(130)之间。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的显示模组，其特征在于，所述第一透光层(130)和所述第二透光层(150)均为用于粘接上下层的粘接层。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的显示模组，其特征在于，所述发光层(110)包括多个发光单元，所述多个发光单元采用串联式设计。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的显示模组，其特征在于，所述抗眩结构层(160)包括抗眩基底(161)和抗眩结构(162)，所述抗眩基底(161)位于所述第二透光层(150)与所述抗眩结构(162)之间。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的显示模组，其特征在于，所述抗眩结构层(160)的表面具有凹凸起伏，所述抗眩结构层(160)的粗糙度范围为100nm-350nm。
  12. 根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的显示模组，其特征在于，所述抗眩结构层(160)的表面平整，且所述抗眩结构层(160)的内部掺杂粒子，所述抗眩结构层(160)内部的掺杂粒子的平均粒径范围为200nm-2000nm。
  13. 根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的显示模组，其特征在于，所述抗眩结构层(160)的透过率大于或等于85％，所述抗眩结构层(160)的平均透射雾度范围为5％-35％。
  14. 根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的显示模组，其特征在于，所述第一透光层(130)和/或所述第二透光层(150)的平均透射雾度小于或等于5％。
  15. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至14中任一项所述的显示模组。
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