WO2025260359A1 - 电化学装置和电子装置 - Google Patents

电化学装置和电子装置

Info

Publication number
WO2025260359A1
WO2025260359A1 PCT/CN2024/100694 CN2024100694W WO2025260359A1 WO 2025260359 A1 WO2025260359 A1 WO 2025260359A1 CN 2024100694 W CN2024100694 W CN 2024100694W WO 2025260359 A1 WO2025260359 A1 WO 2025260359A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode
wall
electrochemical device
electrode assembly
tab
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/100694
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王仲一
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
Original Assignee
Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd filed Critical Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
Priority to CN202480040849.3A priority Critical patent/CN121605518A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2024/100694 priority patent/WO2025260359A1/zh
Publication of WO2025260359A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025260359A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/152—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/153—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for button or coin cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of energy storage technology, and more particularly to an electrochemical device and an electronic device having the electrochemical device.
  • Electrochemical devices are widely used in electronic mobile devices, power tools, and electric vehicles.
  • Traditional hard-shell batteries are assembled by first combining the terminals and the casing cover to form an assembly.
  • the wound battery cell is then placed inside the rigid casing.
  • One electrode tab e.g., the negative electrode tab
  • One electrode tab e.g., the negative electrode tab
  • the other electrode tab is welded to the terminal of the casing.
  • the cover is welded to the main body.
  • the inventors discovered that since the terminal post and the cover of the casing are first assembled to form a component, after the two tabs of different polarities are subsequently welded to the cover and the terminal post respectively, the two tabs will have a certain angle. When the cover is then welded to the body, the operation is restricted and it is not conducive to the stability of the overall structural electrical connection, thus affecting the battery's service life.
  • this application proposes an electrochemical device that helps reduce assembly difficulty and improves electrical connection stability.
  • this application also provides an electronic device having the electrochemical device.
  • the housing includes a first wall, a second wall, and a third wall.
  • the first wall is conductive and disposed opposite to the third wall.
  • the second wall connects the first and third walls to form a receiving cavity.
  • the electrode assembly is located within the receiving cavity.
  • the first wall has a first opening communicating with the receiving cavity.
  • the electrode post seals the first opening and is electrically insulated from the first wall.
  • the adapter plate is located between the electrode assembly and the first wall, and is fixed to the second wall and electrically connected to the first wall.
  • the first tab and the second tab have opposite polarities and are electrically connected to the electrode assembly, extending from the side of the electrode assembly toward the first wall.
  • the first tab is electrically connected to the adapter plate, and the second tab is electrically connected to the electrode post.
  • the first and second electrodes with opposite polarities extend from the side of the electrode assembly toward the first wall, i.e., the first and second electrodes extend from the same side of the electrode assembly.
  • the electrodes are subsequently welded to other components, their welding points are located on the same side of the electrode assembly, thereby improving space utilization and the thinning of the electrochemical device, which in turn improves the overall energy density of the electrochemical device.
  • the first electrode is electrically connected to the first wall via an adapter plate, and the adapter plate is fixed to the second wall. This allows for fixing the shape of the first electrode and the adapter plate by first connecting the adapter plate to the first electrode and then fixing the adapter plate to the second wall. This reduces interference during subsequent electrical connections between the first wall and the adapter plate, and between the second electrode and the electrode post, improving the stability and convenience of electrical connections. Ultimately, this reduces assembly difficulty while extending the lifespan of the electrochemical device.
  • the first wall includes a recessed portion facing inward toward the receiving cavity, a first opening is disposed in the recessed portion, and the electrode post is fixed in the recessed portion and embedded in the first opening.
  • the adapter is annular and has a second opening, with a recessed portion embedded in the second opening.
  • the annular shape of the adapter increases the contact area between the adapter and the first wall, thereby improving the stability of the electrical connection between the adapter and the first wall, and consequently, the stability of the electrical connection between the first electrode tab and the first wall.
  • the annular shape also facilitates the fixation between the adapter and the second wall, thus improving the connection stability between the adapter and the second wall, and further contributing to the morphological stability of the first electrode tab.
  • the recessed portion embedded in the second opening fully utilizes the internal space of the electrochemical device to arrange the electrode...
  • the column further facilitates the overall thinning of the electrochemical device and the improvement of its energy density, as well as the overall flatness of the electrochemical device.
  • the recess and the adapter piece are snapped together through the second opening, which helps to improve the stability of the electrical connection between the adapter piece and the first wall, and also facilitates the electrical connection between the adapter piece and the first wall.
  • the recess and the second opening are snapped together, it is possible to electrically connect the adapter piece and the first wall without welding.
  • the first tab includes a first connecting portion, a first bent portion, and a first transition portion connected in sequence.
  • the first connecting portion is electrically connected to the electrode assembly, and the first transition portion is bent towards the surface of the electrode assembly facing the first wall via the first bent portion, and is electrically connected to the transition piece.
  • the fact that the first tab is bent before being electrically connected to the transition piece via the first transition portion increases the electrical connection area between the first tab and the transition piece, thereby improving the stability of the electrical connection in the electrochemical device.
  • the electrode assembly includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a separator between the first and second electrodes.
  • the electrode assembly is a wound structure wound around a central axis.
  • a first connecting portion is electrically connected to the outermost or second outermost ring of the first electrode.
  • a first adapter portion bends towards the central axis of the electrode assembly via a first bending portion.
  • a second tab is electrically connected to the second electrode.
  • the first connecting portion's electrical connection to the outermost or second outermost ring of the first electrode is beneficial to the stability of the electrical connection between the first electrode and the first tab, and helps reduce the risk of poor electrical connection caused by excessive bending of the first connecting portion with the first electrode. Furthermore, the first adapter portion's bending towards the central axis of the electrode assembly via the first bending portion increases the area of the first adapter portion used for electrical connection with the adapter piece, thereby further improving the stability of the electrical connection between the first electrode and the adapter piece.
  • the second tab includes a second connecting portion, a second bending portion, and a second transition portion.
  • the second connecting portion is electrically connected to the electrode assembly, and the second transition portion is bent towards the surface of the electrode assembly facing the first wall via the second bending portion, and is electrically connected to the electrode post.
  • the fact that the second tab is bent before being electrically connected to the electrode post via the second transition portion increases the electrical connection area between the second tab and the electrode post, thereby improving the stability of the electrical connection in the electrochemical device.
  • the electrode assembly includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a separator between the first and second electrodes.
  • the electrode assembly is a wound structure wound around a central axis.
  • a second connecting portion is electrically connected to the outermost or second outermost ring of the second electrode.
  • a second transition portion bends towards the central axis of the electrode assembly via a second bending portion.
  • a first tab is electrically connected to the first electrode. Because the bending radius of the outermost or second outermost ring of the second electrode is large, the electrical connection of the second connecting portion to the outermost or second outermost ring of the second electrode is beneficial to the stability of the electrical connection between the second electrode and the second tab, and helps reduce the risk of poor electrical connection caused by excessive bending of the second connecting portion. Furthermore, the bending of the second transition portion towards the central axis of the electrode assembly via the second bending portion increases the area of the second transition portion for electrical connection with the electrode post, thereby further improving the stability of the electrical connection between the second electrode and the electrode post.
  • the second adapter is located on the side of the adapter plate facing the electrode assembly.
  • the surface of the second adapter facing the adapter plate has a first region corresponding to the second opening and a second region other than the first region.
  • the electrode assembly also includes a first insulating layer covering the second region.
  • the second adapter located on the side of the adapter plate facing the electrode assembly, allows the shape of the second electrode tab to be fixed when the adapter plate is fixed to the second wall, thereby improving the stability of the electrical connection between the second adapter and the electrode post. Furthermore, covering the second region with the first insulating layer reduces the risk of short circuit between the second electrode and the adapter plate, thus improving the safety and extending the lifespan of the electrochemical device.
  • the first insulating layer also extends to cover a portion of the first region, thereby further reducing the risk of short circuit between the second electrode and the adapter, and also reducing the risk of short circuit between the first region and the first wall, which in turn further improves the safety of the electrochemical device and extends its service life.
  • the electrochemical device further includes a second insulating layer disposed on the surface of the electrode assembly facing the first wall.
  • This second insulating layer helps to reduce the direct contact between the adapter and the surface of the electrode assembly facing the first wall. This reduces the risk of short circuits and also helps to reduce the risk of short circuits when the first wall directly contacts the surface of the electrode assembly facing the first wall. Furthermore, it helps to reduce the risk of short circuits when the first and second tabs directly contact the surface of the electrode assembly facing the first wall, thereby further improving the safety of the electrochemical device and extending its service life.
  • the electrochemical device also includes an insulating seal located between the recess and the electrode post. This reduces the risk of a short circuit due to direct electrical connection between the electrode post and the recess, thereby further improving the safety and extending the service life of the electrochemical device. It also improves the sealing between the electrode post and the first wall, reducing the risk of substance leakage within the normally operating electrochemical device.
  • the electrode post includes a first portion and a second portion protruding from one side of the first portion along a first direction.
  • the recess includes a bottom wall and a side wall connecting to the bottom wall.
  • the first portion is located in the recess and spaced apart from the side wall of the recess.
  • the width of the first portion is greater than the width of the first opening.
  • the second portion extends into the first opening, and an insulating seal is located between the first portion and the bottom wall of the recess.
  • the first portion located in the recess and the second portion extending into the first opening, when the pressure inside the electrochemical device, i.e., within the containment cavity, is excessive, this excessive pressure can act on the second portion to push the electrode post outward, causing the electrode post to loosen and create a gap between it and the first wall, or even completely separating the electrode post from the recess for pressure relief. This improves the safety of the electrochemical device without requiring a separate pressure relief valve.
  • the first part being located within the recessed portion helps reduce the height of the electrode post protruding from the side of the first wall away from the receiving cavity, or even prevents the electrode post from protruding from the side of the first wall away from the receiving cavity.
  • the separation of the first part from the sidewall of the recessed portion further reduces the risk of short circuits between the electrode post and the first wall.
  • the width of the first part is greater than the width of the first opening, and the insulating seal is located between the first part and the bottom wall of the recessed portion, facilitating a seal between the electrode post and the first wall.
  • the insulating seal is annular and includes an inner periphery and an outer periphery.
  • the projection of the outer periphery of the first part in a first direction is located between the outer periphery of the insulating seal and the inner periphery of the insulating seal.
  • the projection of the inner periphery of the insulating seal in the first direction is located within the first opening. This is beneficial to further improve the insulation safety between the first part/electrode and the bottom wall/first wall, reduce the risk of short circuit, and thus further improve the safety of the electrochemical device.
  • the electrochemical device also includes an insulating protrusion that extends from the inner periphery of the insulating seal into the first opening, thereby further improving the insulation safety between the electrode and the first wall, reducing the risk of short circuits, and also improving the sealing performance between the electrode and the first wall, thus improving the overall safety and service life of the electrochemical device.
  • the thickness of the adapter piece is less than or equal to the depth of the recess, which facilitates contact and welding between the electrode post and the second electrode tab, and helps to improve the stability of the electrical connection in the electrochemical device.
  • the surface of the electrode post away from the electrode assembly does not extend beyond the surface of the first wall away from the electrode assembly, thereby further contributing to the overall thinning of the electrochemical device and improving the energy density of the electrochemical device.
  • the first tab is the negative tab
  • the second tab is the positive tab.
  • the adapter plate is made of stainless steel or nickel
  • the first wall is made of stainless steel or nickel
  • the electrode post is made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, which is beneficial to the overall structural safety of the electrochemical device and to extending the service life of the electrochemical device.
  • the adapter piece is welded to the end face of the second wall away from the third wall, and the surface of the adapter piece away from the third wall is welded to the first wall, which helps to improve the stability of the adapter piece fixation and thus improve the stability of the electrical connection between the adapter piece and the first wall and the first electrode tab.
  • the electrochemical device is cylindrical, with a diameter not exceeding 3 cm.
  • the above design significantly improves the overall energy density, stability and convenience of electrical connections, and assembly difficulty.
  • This application also provides an electronic device, including a main body and the aforementioned electrochemical device.
  • the electronic device supplies power to the main body through the electrochemical device, and the electrochemical device has high reliability and long service life, thereby helping to extend the service life of the electronic device and reduce its operating costs.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electrochemical device provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of an electrochemical device provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 3A is a cross-sectional view of an electrochemical device provided in an embodiment of this application along line III-III shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 3B shows an enlarged view of point Q1 as shown in Figure 3A.
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged view of Q2 shown in Figure 3A.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of an electrochemical device provided in an embodiment of this application along V-V as shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 6 is an enlarged view of the electrochemical device provided in another embodiment of this application at point Q2 shown in Figure 3A.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of an electrochemical device provided in an embodiment of this application in the direction perpendicular to the winding center axis O.
  • Figure 8 is an exploded view of an electrochemical device provided in another embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application.
  • Spatial terms such as “above,” are used herein for convenience in describing the relationship between one element or feature and another element (or feature) or feature (or feature) as illustrated in the figure. It should be understood that, in addition to the directions described in the figure, spatial terms are intended to include different orientations of the device or apparatus in use or operation. For example, if the device in the figure is flipped, an element described as “above” or “on” other elements or features will be oriented “below” or “under” other elements or features. Therefore, the exemplary term “above” can include both above and below orientations.
  • first, second, third, etc. are used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and/or portions, these elements, components, regions, layers, and/or portions should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish... An element, component, region, layer, or portion is associated with another element, component, region, layer, or portion. Therefore, the first element, component, region, layer, or portion discussed below may be referred to as the second element, component, region, layer, or portion without departing from the teachings of the exemplary embodiments.
  • One embodiment of this application provides an electrochemical device 100, including a housing 10, an electrode assembly 20, a first electrode tab 31, a second electrode tab 33, an adapter plate 40, and an electrode post 50.
  • the electrode assembly 20, the first electrode tab 31, the second electrode tab 33, and the adapter plate 40 are housed within the housing 10.
  • the housing 10 may be a rigid housing, and the housing 10 may include a conductive material, such as, but not limited to, aluminum, steel, etc. In some embodiments, specifically, the housing 10 may be a steel shell or an aluminum shell.
  • the housing 10 may include a first wall 11, a second wall 13, and a third wall 15.
  • the first wall 11 is made of a conductive material, and the first wall 11 and the third wall 15 are disposed opposite each other.
  • the second wall 13 connects the first wall 11 and the third wall 15 to cooperate with the first wall 11 and the third wall 15 to form a receiving cavity 10a.
  • the second wall 13 may be made of a non-conductive or conductive material;
  • the third wall 15 may be made of a non-conductive or conductive material.
  • the second wall 13 and the third wall 15 may be an integral structure.
  • the first wall 11 has a first opening 11a, and the first opening 11a communicates with the receiving cavity 10a.
  • the pole post 50 is inserted into the first opening 11a from the side of the first wall 11 away from the third wall 15, and the pole post 50 is electrically insulated from the first wall 11.
  • the electrode assembly 20 includes a first electrode 21, a second electrode 23, and a separator 25 disposed between the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 23.
  • the first electrode 21, the separator 25, and the second electrode 23 are stacked sequentially and can be wound around a winding center axis O along a winding direction D, so that the electrode assembly 20 has a wound structure wound around the winding center axis O.
  • the separator 25 is used to prevent the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 23 from directly contacting each other, thereby preventing the electrode assembly 20 from short-circuiting.
  • the winding center axis O is perpendicular to the paper surface, and the winding direction D is the direction of counterclockwise rotation around the winding center axis O as shown in Figure 7.
  • the winding direction D may also be the direction of clockwise rotation.
  • the electrode assembly 20 can be generally cylindrical (as shown in Figures 2 and 7), flat (not shown), or other regular or irregular shapes.
  • the housing 10 generally matches the shape of the electrode assembly 20.
  • the flat electrode assembly is a common electrode assembly structure in the art, including a straight portion and bent portions connecting opposite ends of the straight portion. The following description will use the cylindrical shape of the electrode assembly 20 and the cylindrical shape of the housing 10 as examples.
  • the first tab 31 and the second tab 32 have opposite polarities, and the first tab 31 and the second tab 32 are electrically connected to the electrode assembly 20 and extend from the side of the electrode assembly 20 toward the first wall 11. Specifically, the first tab 31 is electrically connected to the first electrode plate 21, and the second tab 32 is electrically connected to the second electrode plate 23 and the pole post 50.
  • the adapter piece 40 is located between the electrode assembly 20 and the first wall 11, and is fixed to the second wall 13.
  • the adapter piece 40 electrically connects the first electrode tab 31 to the first wall 11, thereby realizing the electrical connection between the first electrode 21 and the first wall 11.
  • the adapter piece 40 may also be located between the first wall 11 and the second wall 12, that is, the adapter piece 40 may be welded to the end face of the second wall 12 facing away from the third wall 13, and the surface of the adapter piece 40 facing away from the third wall 13 may be welded to the first wall 11 (as shown in Figure 3B).
  • Both the first tab 31 and the second tab 32 extend from the electrode assembly 20 towards the first wall 11, so that the welding point of the first tab 31 when electrically connected to the adapter piece 40 and the welding point of the second tab 32 when connected to the electrode post 50 are located on the same side of the electrode assembly 20. This is beneficial for improving space utilization and the overall thinning of the electrochemical device, thereby improving the overall energy density of the electrochemical device.
  • the electrode post 50 is usually assembled with the first wall 11 to form a cover assembly first, then the first wall 11 and the first tab 31 are electrically connected, and the electrode post 50 and the second tab 32 are electrically connected before the cover assembly is fixed to the second wall.
  • first tab 31 and the second tab 32 When the first tab 31 and the second tab 32 extend from the same side of the electrode assembly 20, the first tab 31 and the second tab 32 need to be arranged to avoid short circuits and affect subsequent welding.
  • first connection point of the first tab 31 and the first electrode piece 21 and the second tab 32 For example, the first connection point of the first tab 31 and the first electrode piece 21 and the second tab 32...
  • the second connection points with the second electrode 23 are located on two lines passing through the winding central axis O and approximately perpendicular to each other (i.e., the first line passing through the first connection point and perpendicular to the winding central axis O and the second line passing through the second connection point and perpendicular to the winding central axis O are approximately perpendicular).
  • an adapter piece 40 is introduced. By first connecting the adapter piece 40 to the first electrode tab 31 and then fixing the adapter piece 40 to the second wall 13, the shape of the first electrode tab 31 is fixed, and the adapter piece 40 is also fixed. This reduces interference between the first wall 11 and the adapter piece 40, and between the second electrode tab 32 and the electrode post 50, thus improving the stability and convenience of electrical connections. Furthermore, this reduces assembly difficulty and extends the service life of the electrochemical device. The effect of the above design is even more pronounced when the diameter of the cylindrical shell 10 does not exceed 3cm.
  • the first wall 11 may include a recess 110 that is recessed toward the receiving cavity 10a, wherein a first opening 11a is provided in the recess 110.
  • the electrode post 50 being disposed in the recess 110 is beneficial for the overall thinning of the electrochemical device, for increasing the energy density of the electrochemical device, and for improving the overall flatness of the electrochemical device.
  • the recess 110 may include a bottom wall 111 and a side wall 113 connecting the bottom wall 111, and the first opening 11a is provided in the bottom wall 111.
  • the electrochemical device 100 also includes an insulating seal 60, which is located between the electrode 50 and the recess 110, thereby achieving electrical insulation between the electrode 50 and the first wall 11. This helps reduce the risk of short circuit between the electrode 50 and the first wall 11. At the same time, the insulating seal 60 can also improve the sealing between the electrode 50 and the first wall 11, reducing the risk of leakage of substances in the electrochemical device during normal operation. Therefore, the installation of the insulating seal 60 helps to improve the safety of the electrochemical device and extend its service life.
  • the electrode post 50 may include a first portion 51 and a second portion 53, with the second portion 53 protruding from one side of the first portion 51 along a first direction X.
  • the first portion 51 is located within the recess 110 and extends in a second direction Y perpendicular to the first direction X.
  • the width of the first portion 51 is greater than the width of the first opening 11a.
  • the second portion 53 extends into the first opening 11a.
  • the pressure inside the electrochemical device 100 i.e., the receiving cavity 10a
  • this excessive pressure can act on the second portion 53 to push the electrode post 50 entirely outward, causing the electrode post 50 to loosen and create a gap between it and the first wall 11, or even completely separating the electrode post 50 from the recess 110 for pressure relief.
  • This improves the safety of the electrochemical device 100 without the need for a separate pressure relief valve.
  • the embedded design of the first portion 51 and the second portion 53 also contributes to the overall thinness of the electrochemical device and improves its energy density.
  • the first part 51 is spaced apart from the side wall 113 of the recess 110.
  • the insulating seal 60 is located between the first part 51 and the bottom wall 111 of the recess 110, which helps to further reduce the risk of short circuit between the pole 50 and the first wall 11.
  • the fact that the width of the first part 51 is greater than the width of the first opening 11a also helps to improve the sealing performance of the insulating seal 60 between the pole 50 and the first wall 11.
  • the above-mentioned arrangement of the insulating seal 60 can facilitate the loosening and gap formation between the pole 50 and the first wall 11.
  • the insulating seal 60 is annular and includes an inner periphery 61 and an outer periphery 63. Further, the projection of the outer periphery 51a of the first portion 51 in the first direction X can be located between the inner periphery 61 and the outer periphery 63, and the projection of the inner periphery 61 in the first direction X can be located within the first opening 11a. This further enhances the insulation safety between the first wall 11 of the first portion 51, reduces the risk of short circuits, and thus further improves the safety of the electrochemical device.
  • the surface of the electrode post 50 facing away from the electrode assembly 20 may not extend beyond the surface of the first wall 11 facing away from the electrode assembly 20. Specifically, the surface of the first portion 51 facing away from the electrode assembly 20 does not extend beyond the end of the side wall 113 facing away from the bottom wall 111, thereby further facilitating the overall thinning of the electrochemical device and improving the energy density of the electrochemical device.
  • the electrochemical device 100 may further include an insulating protrusion 65, which extends from the inner periphery 61 of the insulating seal 60 into the first opening 11a, thereby further improving the insulation safety between the electrode 50 and the first wall 11, reducing the risk of short circuit, and also improving the sealing between the electrode 50 and the first wall 11, thereby improving the overall safety and service life of the electrochemical device.
  • the adapter piece 40 can be annular, for example, circular, as shown in Figures 2 to 5.
  • the adapter piece 40 has a second opening 41, which corresponds to the recess 110.
  • the annular adapter piece 40 helps to increase the contact area between the adapter piece 40 and the first wall 11, thereby improving the stability of the electrical connection between the adapter piece 40 and the first wall 11 and thus improving the stability of the electrical connection between the first electrode 31 and the first wall 11.
  • the annular adapter piece 40 also helps to fix the adapter piece 40 to the second wall 13, thereby improving the connection stability between the adapter piece 40 and the second wall 13, and also improving the stability of the shape of the first electrode 31.
  • the recess 110 can be further embedded in the second opening 41, thereby making full use of the internal space of the electrochemical device 100 to set the electrode post 50, which further helps to make the electrochemical device 100 thinner overall and improve the energy density of the electrochemical device 100, and also further helps to improve the overall flatness of the electrochemical device 100.
  • the recessed portion 110 can also be engaged with the adapter piece 40 through the second opening 41, which helps to improve the stability of the electrical connection between the adapter piece 40 and the first wall 11, and also facilitates the electrical connection between the adapter piece 40 and the first wall 11.
  • the recessed portion 110 is engaged with the second opening 41, it is possible to electrically connect the adapter piece 40 and the first wall 11 without welding.
  • the first tab 31 can be a negative tab
  • the second tab 32 can be a positive tab
  • the adapter plate 40 can be made of stainless steel or nickel
  • the first wall 11 can be made of stainless steel or nickel
  • the electrode post 50 can be made of aluminum or aluminum alloy. Since stainless steel and nickel are less prone to electrochemical corrosion when connected to the negative electrode, the aforementioned material selection for the adapter plate 40 and the first wall 11 helps reduce the risk of electrochemical corrosion. Overall, the above design helps extend the service life of the electrochemical device and improves its overall strength, thereby enhancing its safety.
  • the first tab 31 can also be a positive tab
  • the second tab 32 can also be a negative tab.
  • the materials of the adapter plate 40, the first wall 11, and the electrode post 50 need to be adjusted accordingly.
  • the materials of the adapter plate 40 and the first wall 11 can both include aluminum or aluminum alloy, and the material of the electrode post 50 can include stainless steel or nickel.
  • the first tab 31 may include a first connecting portion 311, a first bending portion 313, and a first adapter portion 315 connected in sequence.
  • the first connecting portion 311 is electrically connected to the first electrode 21.
  • the first adapter portion 315 is bent towards the surface of the electrode assembly 20 facing the first wall 11 via the first bending portion 313, and is electrically connected to the adapter piece 40.
  • the first tab 31 is bent before being electrically connected to the adapter piece 40 via the first adapter portion 315, which increases the electrical connection area between the first tab 31 and the adapter piece 40, thereby improving the stability of the electrical connection in the electrochemical device.
  • the first connecting portion 311 can be electrically connected to the outermost or second outermost ring of the first electrode 21. Since the radius of curvature of the outermost or second outermost ring of the first electrode 21 is larger than that of the innermost ring closer to the winding center axis O, the first connecting portion 311 electrically connecting to the outermost or second outermost ring of the first electrode 21 is beneficial to the stability of the electrical connection between the first electrode 21 and the first tab 31, and helps to reduce the risk of poor electrical connection caused by excessive bending of the first connecting portion 311 with the first electrode 21.
  • the outermost ring refers to the area of the diaphragm, such as the first electrode 21, that wraps around the winding center axis O once from its end in a direction opposite to the winding direction D
  • the second outermost ring refers to the area of the outermost ring that wraps around the winding center axis O once from its beginning in a direction opposite to the winding direction D.
  • the first adapter portion 315 can be bent toward the winding center axis O by the first bending portion 313, which helps to increase the area of the first adapter portion 315 for electrical connection with the adapter piece 40, and further helps to improve the stability of the electrical connection between the first electrode piece 21 and the adapter piece 40.
  • the second tab 32 may include a second connecting portion 321, a second bending portion 323, and a second transition portion 325 connected in sequence.
  • the second connecting portion 321 is electrically connected to the second electrode 23.
  • the second transition portion 325 is bent towards the surface of the electrode assembly 20 facing the first wall 11 via the second bending portion 323, and is electrically connected to the electrode post 50.
  • the second tab 32 is bent before being electrically connected to the electrode post 50 via the second transition portion 325, which increases the electrical connection area between the second tab 32 and the electrode post 50, thereby improving the stability of the electrical connection in the electrochemical device.
  • the second connecting portion 321 can be electrically connected to the outermost or second outermost ring of the second electrode 21. Since the radius of curvature of the outermost or second outermost ring of the second electrode 23 is larger than the radius of curvature of the inner ring closer to the winding center axis O, the second connecting portion 321 can electrically connect... Connecting the outermost or second outermost ring of the second electrode 23 is beneficial to the stability of the electrical connection between the second electrode 23 and the pole piece 50, and helps to reduce the risk of poor electrical connection caused by excessive bending of the second connection part 321 with the second electrode 23.
  • the second adapter 325 can be bent toward the winding center axis O by the second bending portion 323, which helps to increase the area of the second adapter 325 for electrical connection with the pole post 50, thereby further improving the stability of the electrical connection between the second pole piece 23 and the pole post 50.
  • the second adapter 325 may be located on the side of the adapter 40 facing the electrode assembly 20. In this case, when the adapter 40 is fixed to the second wall 13, the shape of the second tab 32 can be fixed by the adapter 40, which is beneficial to the stability of the electrical connection between the second adapter 325 and the pole post 50.
  • the surface of the second transition portion 325 facing the transition piece 40 has a first region 325a corresponding to the second opening 41 and a second region 325b other than the first region 325a.
  • the first region 325a is used for contact and electrical connection with the electrode post 50. It is understood that the second region 325b overlaps with the transition piece 40 in the first direction X. Therefore, in order to reduce the risk of short circuit between the second region 325b and the transition piece 40, the surface of the second region 325b facing the transition piece 40 may be covered with a first insulating layer 71 to improve the safety of the electrochemical device 100 and extend the service life of the electrochemical device 100.
  • the first insulating layer 71 can extend to cover the first region 325a, which helps to further reduce the risk of short circuit between the second electrode 23 and the adapter 40, and also helps to reduce the risk of short circuit between the first region 325a and the first wall 11, thereby further improving the safety of the electrochemical device 100 and extending the service life of the electrochemical device 100.
  • the electrochemical device 100 may further include a second insulating layer 73.
  • the second insulating layer 72 is disposed on the surface of the electrode assembly 20 facing the first wall 11, covering the entire surface of the electrode assembly 20 facing the first wall 11.
  • the provision of the second insulating layer 72 helps reduce the risk of a short circuit between the adapter 40 and the surface of the electrode assembly 20 facing the first wall 11, as well as the risk of a short circuit between the first wall 11 and the surface of the electrode assembly 20 facing the first wall 11. Furthermore, it helps reduce the risk of a short circuit between the first tab 31 and the second tab 32 and the surface of the electrode assembly 20 facing the first wall 11, thereby further improving the safety and extending the service life of the electrochemical device 100.
  • the electrochemical device 100 of any of the above embodiments can be applied to electronic devices.
  • the electronic device 200 also includes a body 201, and the electrochemical device 100 supplies power to the body 201.
  • Electronic devices 200 can be, but are not limited to, electric toys, electric vehicles, mobile phones, wearable devices, tablets, computers, drones, energy storage devices, etc.

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Abstract

一种电化学装置，包括壳体、电极组件、第一极耳、第二极耳、转接片和极柱。壳体包括第一壁体、第二壁体和第三壁体，第一壁体导电且与第三壁体相对，第二壁体连接第一壁体和第三壁体以与第一壁体及第三壁体围成收容腔。电极组件位于收容腔内，第一壁体具有第一开口以连通收容腔。极柱密封第一开口，且极柱与第一壁体之间电绝缘。转接片位于电极组件与第一壁体之间，且转接片与第二壁体固定并与第一壁体电连接。第一极耳和第二极耳极性相反且分别与电极组件电连接并从电极组件朝向第一壁体的一侧伸出，第一极耳与转接片电连接，第二极耳与极柱电连接。上述电化学装置降低了组装难度并提升了电连接稳定性。还提供一种应用所述电化学装置的电子装置。

Description

电化学装置和电子装置 技术领域
本申请涉及储能技术领域，尤其涉及一种电化学装置以及具有该电化学装置的电子装置。
背景技术
电化学装置(如电池)在电子移动设备、电动工具及电动汽车等电子产品中有着广泛使用。传统的硬壳电池在组装时，通常是先将极柱与壳体的盖体先组合形成组件，并将卷绕的电芯置于硬质壳体的本体内后，将电芯的一极片的极耳(例如负极耳)与壳体焊接(例如激光焊)以实现该极片与壳体的电连接，另一极片的极耳则与壳体的极柱焊接，最后再将盖体与本体焊接。
发明内容
然而，发明人发现，由于极柱与壳体的盖体先组合形成了组件，在后续将两不同极性的极耳分别焊接于盖体和极柱上后，两极耳会有一定的角度，再将盖体与本体焊接时，其操作受限，且不利于整体结构电连接的稳定性，进而影响电池的使用寿命。
因此，本申请提出一种有利于降低组装难度并提升电连接稳定性的电化学装置。
另，本申请还提供一种具有该电化学装置的电子装置。
本申请第一方面提供一种电化学装置，包括壳体、电极组件、第一极耳、第二极耳、转接片和极柱。壳体包括第一壁体、第二壁体和第三壁体，第一壁体导电且与第三壁体相对设置，第二壁体连接第一壁体和第三壁体以与第一壁体及第三壁体围设形成收容腔。电极组件位于收容腔内，第一壁体具有第一开口以连通收容腔。极柱密封第一开口，且极柱与第一壁体之间电绝缘。转接片位于电极组件与第一壁体之间，且转接片与第二壁体固定并与第一壁体电连接。第一极耳和第二极耳的极性相反且分别与电极组件电连接并从电极组件朝向第一壁体的一侧伸出，第一极耳与转接片电连接，第二极耳与极柱电连接。
本申请中，极性相反的第一极耳和第二极耳分别从电极组件朝向第一壁体的一侧伸出，即第一极耳和第二极耳从电极组件的同侧伸出，后续两极耳与其他元件焊接时电连接时其焊接处位于电极组件的同侧，从而有利于提升空间利用率以及电化学装置的薄型化，以有利于提升电化学装置整体的能量密度。第一极耳通过转接片与第一壁体电连接，且转接片与第二壁体固定，有利于通过先将转接片与第一极耳连接再将转接片与第二壁体固定的方式将第一极耳的形态固定并固定转接片，从而在后续第一壁体与转接片电连接以及第二极耳与极柱电连接时有利于降低两处连接时干涉的情形，有利于提升电连接时的稳定性和便利性，进而有利于在降低组装难度的同时延长电化学装置的使用寿命。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第一壁体包括朝向收容腔内凹的凹陷部，第一开口设于凹陷部，极柱固定于凹陷部中并嵌入所述第一开口。通过将极柱设于内凹的凹陷部，有利于电化学装置整体的薄型化以及有利于提升电化学装置的能量密度，并且还有利于提升电化学装置整体的平整度。
在一些可能的实现方式中，转接片呈环形，转接片具有第二开口，凹陷部嵌入第二开口。其中，环形的转接片有利于增大转接片与第一壁体之间的接触面积，从而有利于提升转接片与第一壁体电连接的稳定性以提升第一极耳与第一壁体电连接的稳定性，同时，环形的转接片还有利于转接片与第二壁体之间的固定，从而有利于提升转接片与第二壁体之间连接稳固性，并且还有利于第一极耳的形态的稳定性。而凹陷部嵌入第二开口，充分利用了电化学装置的内部空间设置极 柱，进一步有利于电化学装置整体的薄型化以及有利于提升电化学装置的能量密度，并且还进一步有利于提升电化学装置整体的平整度。
在一些可能的实现方式中，凹陷部与转接片通过第二开口卡接，有利于提升转接片与第一壁体之间电连接的稳定性，同时也有利于转接片与第一壁体之间电连接的便利性，在凹陷部与第二开口卡接时实现了无需通过焊接以电连接转接片与第一壁体的可能。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第一极耳包括依次连接的第一连接部、第一折弯部和第一转接部。第一连接部电连接电极组件，第一转接部通过第一折弯部朝向电极组件的面向第一壁体的表面弯折，第一转接部与转接片电连接。第一极耳先弯折后再通过第一转接部与转接片电连接，有利于增加第一极耳与转接片的电连接面积，从而有利于电化学装置中电连接的稳定性。
在一些可能的实现方式中，电极组件包括第一极片、第二极片以及位于第一极片和第二极片之间的隔离膜，电极组件为绕卷绕中心轴卷绕的卷绕结构。第一连接部电连接第一极片的最外圈或次外圈，第一转接部通过第一折弯部朝向电极组件的卷绕中心轴弯折，第二极耳电连接第二极片。由于最外圈或次外圈的第一极片的弯折的曲率半径大，第一连接部电连接第一极片的最外圈或次外圈有利于第一极片与第一极耳之间电连接的稳定性，有利于降低第一连接部随第一极片弯曲过大引起的电连接不良的风险。而第一转接部通过第一折弯部朝向电极组件的卷绕中心轴弯折，有利于增加第一转接部用于与转接片电连接的面积，从而有利于进一步地提升第一极片与转接片之间电连接的稳定性。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第二极耳包括第二连接部、第二折弯部和第二转接部。第二连接部电连接电极组件，第二转接部通过第二折弯部朝向电极组件的面向第一壁体的表面弯折，第二转接部与极柱电连接。第二极耳先弯折后再通过第二转接部与极柱电连接，有利于增加第二极耳与极柱的电连接面积，从而有利于电化学装置中电连接的稳定性。
在一些可能的实现方式中，电极组件包括第一极片、第二极片以及位于第一极片和第二极片之间的隔离膜，电极组件为绕卷绕中心轴卷绕的卷绕结构。第二连接部电连接第二极片的最外圈或次外圈，第二转接部通过第二折弯部朝向电极组件的卷绕中心轴弯折，第一极耳电连接第一极片。由于最外圈或次外圈的第二极片的弯折的曲率半径大，第二连接部电连接第二极片的最外圈或次外圈有利于第二极片与第二极耳之间电连接的稳定性，有利于降低第二连接部随第二极片弯曲过大引起的电连接不良的风险。而第二转接部通过第二折弯部朝向电极组件的卷绕中心轴弯折，有利于增加第二转接部用于与极柱电连接的面积，从而有利于进一步地提升第二极片与极柱之间电连接的稳定性。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第二转接部位于转接片朝向电极组件的一侧，第二转接部朝向转接片的表面具有与第二开口对应的第一区域和除第一区域以外的第二区域。电极组件还包括第一绝缘层，第一绝缘层覆盖于第二区域。其中，第二转接部位于转接片朝向电极组件的一侧，在转接片与第二壁体固定时能够通过转接片将第二极耳的形态固定，从而有利于第二转接部与极柱电连接的稳定性。而通过第一绝缘层覆盖于第二区域能够降低第二极片与转接片接触短路的风险，从而有利于提升电化学装置的安全性以及延长电化学装置的使用寿命。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第一绝缘层还延伸覆盖部分第一区域，从而有利于进一步地降低第二极片与转接片接触短路的风险，同时还有利于降低第一区域与第一壁体接触短路的风险，进而有利于进一步地提升电化学装置的安全性以及延长电化学装置的使用寿命。
在一些可能的实现方式中，电化学装置还包括第二绝缘层，第二绝缘层设置于电极组件面向第一壁体的表面，通过所述第二绝缘层有利于降低转接片直接与电极组件面向第一壁体的表面接 触短路的风险，同时也有利于降低第一壁体直接与电极组件面向第一壁体的表面接触短路的风险，并且还有利于降低第一极耳和第二极耳分别直接与电极组件面向第一壁体的表面接触短路的风险，进而有利于进一步地提升电化学装置的安全性以及延长电化学装置的使用寿命。
在一些可能的实现方式中，电化学装置还包括绝缘密封件，绝缘密封件位于凹陷部与极柱之间，有利于降低极柱与凹陷部直接电连接短路的风险，从而有利于进一步地提升电化学装置的安全性以及延长电化学装置的使用寿命，同时还能提升极柱与第一壁体之间的密封性，降低正常工作的电化学装置内的物质泄露的风险。
在一些可能的实现方式中，极柱包括第一部分和从第一部分的一侧沿第一方向凸伸的第二部分，凹陷部包括底壁和连接底壁的侧壁，第一部分位于凹陷部中且与凹陷部的侧壁间隔开。在垂直于第一方向的第二方向上，第一部分的宽度大于第一开口的宽度。第二部分伸入第一开口，绝缘密封件位于第一部分与凹陷部的底壁之间。首先，第一部分位于凹陷部中且第二部分伸入第一开口的结构，在电化学装置内部即收容腔内的压力过大时，该过大的压力能够作用于第二部分将极柱朝外推动，使得极柱与第一壁体之间松动产生缝隙甚至彻底将极柱从凹陷部中彻底分离出以进行泄压，从而在无需再另设泄压阀的前提下提升电化学装置的安全性。其次，第一部分位于凹陷部中，有利于降低极柱从第一壁体背离收容腔的一侧凸伸的高度甚至避免极柱从第一壁体背离收容腔的一侧凸伸，即有利于电化学装置整体的薄型化以及有利于提升电化学装置的能量密度。而第一部分与凹陷部的侧壁间隔开，则有利于进一步地降低极柱与第一壁体之间短路的风险。第一部分的宽度大于第一开口的宽度，绝缘密封件位于第一部分与凹陷部的底壁之间，便于极柱与第一壁体之间的密封。
在一些可能的实现方式中，绝缘密封件呈环状且包括内周缘和外周缘，第一部分的外周缘在第一方向上的投影位于绝缘密封件的外周缘与绝缘密封件的内周缘之间，绝缘密封件的内周缘在第一方向上的投影位于第一开口内，从而有利于进一步地提升第一部分/极柱与底壁/第一壁体之间的绝缘安全性，降低短路的风险，进而有利于进一步地提升电化学装置的安全性。
在一些可能的实现方式中，电化学装置还包括绝缘凸伸部，绝缘凸伸部自绝缘密封件的内周缘延伸至第一开口中，从而进一步地提升了极柱与第一壁体之间的绝缘安全性，降低了短路的风险，同时，还有利于提升极柱与第一壁体之间的密封性，进而有利于提升电化学装置整体的安全性和使用寿命。
在一些可能的实现方式中，转接片的厚度小于或等于凹陷部的深度，从而便于极柱与第二极耳之间的接触与焊接，有利于提升电化学装置中电连接的稳定性。
在一些可能的实现方式中，极柱背离电极组件的表面不超出第一壁体背离电极组件的表面，从而进一步地有利于电化学装置整体的薄型化以及有利于提升电化学装置的能量密度。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第一极耳为负极极耳，第二极耳为正极极耳。转接片的材质包括不锈钢或镍，第一壁体的材质包括不锈钢或镍，极柱的材质包括铝或铝合金，从而有利于电化学装置整体结构的安全性，并且有利于延长电化学装置的使用寿命。
在一些可能的实现方式中，转接片与第二壁体背离第三壁体的端面焊接，且转接片背离第三壁体的表面与第一壁体焊接，从而有利于提升转接片固定的稳定性以提升转接片与第一壁体以及与第一极耳电连接的稳定性。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述电化学装置为圆柱形，所述电化学装置的直径不超过3cm。对于小尺寸的圆柱形电化学装置而言，上述设计对电化学装置的整体的能量密度、电连接时的稳定性和便利性以及组装难度的改善更加明显。
本申请还提供一种电子装置，包括本体以及上述电化学装置。电子装置通过上述电化学装置为本体供电，且电化学装置具有较高的可靠性和使用寿命，从而有利于延长电子装置的使用寿命以及降低其使用成本。
附图说明
图1为本申请一实施例提供的电化学装置的结构示意图。
图2为本申请一实施例提供的电化学装置的爆炸图。
图3A为本申请一实施例提供的电化学装置沿图1所示的III-III的剖视图。
图3B图3A所示的Q1处的放大图。
图4为图3A所示的Q2处的放大图。
图5为本申请一实施例提供的电化学装置沿图1所示的V-V的剖视图。
图6为本申请另一实施例提供的电化学装置在图3A所示的Q2处的放大图。
图7为本申请一实施例提供的电化学装置在垂直于卷绕中心轴O方向的截面图。
图8为本申请另一实施例提供的电化学装置的爆炸图。
图9为本申请一实施例的电子装置的结构示意图。
如下具体实施方式将结合上述附图进一步说明本申请。
具体实施方式
下面对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、详细地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请。
下文，将详细地描述本申请的实施方式。但是，本申请可体现为许多不同的形式，并且不应解释为限于本文阐释的示例性实施方式。而是，提供这些示例性实施方式，从而使本申请透彻的和详细的向本领域技术人员传达。
另外，为了简洁和清楚，在附图中，各种组件、层的尺寸或厚度可被放大。遍及全文，相同的数值指相同的要素。如本文所使用，术语“及/或”、“以及/或者”包括一个或多个相关列举项目的任何和所有组合。另外，应当理解，当要素A被称为“连接”要素B时，要素A可直接连接至要素B，或可能存在中间要素C并且要素A和要素B可彼此间接连接。
进一步，当描述本申请的实施方式时使用“可”指“本申请的一个或多个实施方式”。
本文使用的专业术语是为了描述具体实施方式的目的并且不旨在限制本申请。如本文所使用，单数形式旨在也包括复数形式，除非上下文另外明确指出。应进一步理解，术语“包括”，当在本说明书中使用时，指存在叙述的特征、数值、步骤、操作、要素和/或组分，但是不排除存在或增加一个或多个其他特征、数值、步骤、操作、要素、组分和/或其组合。
空间相关术语，比如“上”等可在本文用于方便描述，以描述如图中阐释的一个要素或特征与另一要素(多个要素)或特征(多个特征)的关系。应理解，除了图中描述的方向之外，空间相关术语旨在包括设备或装置在使用或操作中的不同方向。例如，如果将图中的设备翻转，则描述为在其他要素或特征“上方”或“上”的要素将定向在其他要素或特征的“下方”或“下面”。因此，示例性术语“上”可包括上面和下面的方向。应理解，尽管术语第一、第二、第三等可在本文用于描述各种要素、组分、区域、层和/或部分，但是这些要素、组分、区域、层和/或部分不应受这些术语的限制。这些术语用于区分 一个要素、组分、区域、层或部分与另一要素、组分、区域、层或部分。因此，下面讨论的第一要素、组分、区域、层或部分可称为第二要素、组分、区域、层或部分，而不背离示例性实施方式的教导。
在本申请中，参数数值之间的大于、小于或不等于设计关系，需要排除测量设备的合理误差。
请参阅图1至图2，本申请一实施方式提供一种电化学装置100，包括壳体10、电极组件20、第一极耳31、第二极耳33、转接片40和极柱50。其中，电极组件20、第一极耳31、第二极耳33和转接片40容纳于壳体10中。
在一些实施例中，壳体10可为硬质壳体，且壳体10包括导电材料，例如但不仅限于铝材、钢材等。在一些实施例中，具体的，壳体10可为钢壳或者铝壳。
壳体10可包括第一壁体11、第二壁体13以及第三壁体15，其中，第一壁体11为导电材料，且第一壁体11和第三壁体15相对设置，第二壁体13连接第一壁体11和第三壁体15以与第一壁体11和第三壁体15配合围成一收容腔10a。在一些实施例中，第二壁体13可为非导电材料，也可为导电材料；第三壁体15可为非导电材料，也可为导电材料。在一些实施例中，第二壁13与第三壁体15可为一体结构。
请参阅图2和图3A，第一壁体11具有第一开口11a，且第一开口11a连通收容腔10a。极柱50从第一壁体11背离第三壁体15的一侧嵌入第一开口11a，并且极柱50与第一壁体11之间电绝缘。
请结合参阅图7，电极组件20包括第一极片21、第二极片23以及设于第一极片21和第二极片23之间的隔离膜25。在一些实施例中，第一极片21、隔离膜25和第二极片23依次层叠并可沿卷绕方向D绕卷绕中心轴O卷绕以使电极组件20呈绕卷绕中心轴O卷绕的卷绕结构。隔离膜25用于防止第一极片21和第二极片23直接接触从而防止电极组件20短路。其中，如图7所示，卷绕中心轴O垂直于纸面，卷绕方向D为图7所示绕卷绕中心轴O进行逆时针转动的方向。在另一些实施例中，卷绕方向D也可为顺时针转动的方向。
电极组件20可大致呈圆柱形(如图2和图7)、扁平形(图未示)、或者其他规则或不规则的形状，相应的，壳体10大致与电极组件20的形状匹配，例如图1和图2所示，电极组件20大致呈圆柱形时，壳体10也大致呈圆柱形，而当电极组件20大致呈扁平形时，壳体10也大致呈扁平形。在本申请中，扁平形的电极组件为本领域常见的包括平直部和连接于平直部相对两端的弯折部的电极组件结构。下面，将以电极组件20呈圆柱形以及壳体10呈圆柱形为例进行后续说明。
第一极耳31与第二极耳32极性相反，且第一极耳31和第二极耳32分别与电极组件20电连接并从电极组件20朝向第一壁体11的一侧伸出。具体的，第一极耳31与第一极片21电连接，第二极耳32电连接第二极片23和极柱50。
转接片40位于电极组件20与第一壁体11之间，并且转接片40与第二壁体13固定。转接片40电连接第一极耳31与第一壁体11，从而实现第一极片21与第一壁体11的电连接。具体的，在一些实施例中，转接片40还可位于第一壁体11与第二壁体12之间，即转接片40可与第二壁体12背离第三壁体13的端面焊接，且转接片40背离第三壁体13的表面可与第一壁体11焊接(如图3B)。
第一极耳31和第二极耳32均从电极组件20朝向第一壁体11的一侧伸出，使得第一极耳31与转接片40电连接时的焊接处以及第二极耳32与极柱50的焊接处位于电极组件20的同侧，从而有利于提升空间的利用率以及有利于电化学装置整体的薄型化，以有利于提升电化学装置整体的能量密度。由于电化学装置在组装时，通常是先将极柱50与第一壁体11组装形成盖体组件，再将盖体组件中的第一壁体11与第一极耳31电连接、极柱50与第二极耳32电连接后在将盖体组件与第二壁体固定。而第一极耳31与第二极耳32从电极组件20的同侧伸出时，第一极耳31与第二极耳32需相互避让设置以避免短路以及影响后续焊接，例如第一极耳31与第一极片21的第一连接处与第二极耳32 与第二极片23的第二连接处分别位于两经过卷绕中心轴O并且大致相互垂直的线上(即经过第一连接处并垂直于卷绕中心轴O的第一线与经过第二连接处并垂直于卷绕中心轴的第二线大致垂直)，从而在将第一极耳31与第一壁体11直接焊接以及将第二极耳32与极柱50直接焊接时两者相互影响干涉，影响组装的便利性并提升了组装难度且降低了电连接的稳定性。而本申请中引入转接片40，通过先将转接片40与第一极耳31连接再将转接片40与第二壁体13固定的方式将第一极耳31的形态固定并固定转接片40，从而在后续第一壁体11与转接片40电连接以及第二极耳32与极柱50电连接时有利于降低两处连接时相互影响相互干涉的情形，从而有利于提升电连接时的稳定性和便利性，进而有利于在降低组装难度的同时延长电化学装置的使用寿命。尤其是当圆柱形的壳体10的直径不超过3cm时，上述设计所带来的效果能够体现的更加明显。
请参阅图3A和图4，第一壁体11可包括朝向收容腔10a内凹的凹陷部110，其中，第一开口11a设于凹陷部110。此时，极柱50设于凹陷部110中有利于电化学装置整体的薄型化以及有利于提升电化学装置的能量密度，并且还有利于提升电化学装置整体的平整度。具体的，凹陷部110可包括底壁111和连接底壁111的侧壁113，第一开口11a设于底壁111。
电化学装置100还包括绝缘密封件60，绝缘密封件60位于极柱50与凹陷部110之间，从而实现极柱50与第一壁体11之间的电绝缘，有利于降低极柱50与第一壁体11电连接短路的风险，同时绝缘密封件60还能提升极柱50与第一壁体11之间的密封性，降低正常工作的电化学装置内的物质泄露的风险，因此，绝缘密封件60的设置有利于提升电化学装置的安全性以及延长电化学的使用寿命。
极柱50可包括第一部分51和第二部分53，第二部分53从第一部分51的一侧沿第一方向X凸伸。其中，第一部分51位于凹陷部110中，且在垂直于第一方向X的第二方向Y上，第一部分51的宽度大于第一开口11a的宽度，第二部分53伸入第一开口11a中，在电化学装置100内部即收容腔10a内的压力过大时，该过大的压力能够作用于第二部分53将极柱50整个朝外推动，使得极柱50与第一壁体11之间松动产生缝隙甚至彻底将极柱50从凹陷部110中彻底分离出以进行泄压，从而在无需再另设泄压阀的前提下提升电化学装置100的安全性。再者，第一部分51和第二部分53嵌入式的设计还有利于电化学装置整体的薄型化以及有利于提升电化学装置的能量密度。第一部分51与凹陷部110的侧壁113之间间隔开，此时，绝缘密封件60位于第一部分51与凹陷部110的底壁111之间，从而有利于进一步地降低极柱50与第一壁体11之间短路的风险。另外，结合第一部分51的宽度大于第一开口11a的宽度，还便于提升绝缘密封件60对极柱50与第一壁体11之间的密封性，同时，在收容腔10a内的压力过大时，上述绝缘密封件60的设置方式便于极柱50与第一壁体11之间松动产生缝隙。
绝缘密封件60呈环状且包括内周缘61和外周缘63。进一步地，第一部分51的外周缘51a在第一方向X上的投影可位于内周缘61和外周缘63之间，且内周缘61在第一方向X上的投影可位于第一开口11a内，从而有利于进一步地提升第一部分51第一壁体11之间的绝缘安全性，降低短路的风险，进而有利于进一步地提升电化学装置的安全性。
在一些实施例中，极柱50背离电极组件20的表面可不超出第一壁体11背离电极组件20的表面。具体的，第一部分51背离电极组件20的表面不超出侧壁113背离底壁111的一端，从而进一步地有利于电化学装置整体的薄型化以及有利于提升电化学装置的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，请参阅图6，电化学装置100还可进一步地包括绝缘凸伸部65，绝缘凸伸部65自绝缘密封件60的内周缘61延伸至第一开口11a中，从而进一步地提升了极柱50与第一壁体11之间的绝缘安全性，降低了短路的风险，同时，还有利于提升极柱50与第一壁体11之间的密封性，进而有利于提升电化学装置整体的安全性和使用寿命。
转接片40可呈环形，例如圆环状，如图2至图5所示，此时，转接片40具有一第二开口41，第二开口41对应凹陷部110设置。环形的转接片40有利于增大转接片40与第一壁体11之间的接触面积，从而有利于提升转接片40与第一壁体11电连接的稳定性以提升第一极耳31与第一壁体11电连接的稳定性，同时，环形的转接片40还有利于转接片40与第二壁体13之间的固定，从而有利于提升转接片40与第二壁体13之间连接稳固性，并且还有利于第一极耳31的形态的稳定性。在一些实施例中，凹陷部110可进一步地嵌入第二开口41，以此充分利用电化学装置100的内部空间设置极柱50，进一步有利于电化学装置100整体的薄型化以及有利于提升电化学装置100的能量密度，并且还进一步有利于提升电化学装置100整体的平整度。
进一步地，凹陷部110还可与转接片40通过第二开口41卡接，从而有利于提升转接片40与第一壁体11之间电连接的稳定性，同时也有利于转接片40与第一壁体11之间电连接的便利性，在凹陷部110与第二开口41卡接时实现了无需通过焊接以电连接转接片40与第一壁体11的可能。
在一些实施例中，第一极耳31可为负极极耳，第二极耳32可为正极极耳，转接片40的材质可包括不锈钢或镍，第一壁体11的材质可包括不锈钢或镍，极柱50的材质可包括铝或铝合金。由于不锈钢和镍与负极连接不容易发生电化学腐蚀，因此转接片40和第一壁体11的上述选材有利于降低被电化学腐蚀发风险。上述设计整体上有利于延长电化学装置的使用寿命并且有利于提升电化学装置的整体强度以提升电化学装置的安全性。在另一些实施例中，第一极耳31也可为正极极耳，第二极耳32也可为负极极耳，相应的，转接片40的材质、第一壁体11的材质以及极柱50的材质也需相应的调整，例如，转接片40的材质和第一壁体11的材质均可包括铝或铝合金，极柱50的材质可包括不锈钢或镍。
请参阅图2至图5和图7，第一极耳31可包括依次连接的第一连接部311、第一折弯部313和第一转接部315，其中，第一连接部311电连接第一极片21，第一转接部315通过第一折弯部313朝向电极组件20的面向第一壁体11的表面弯折，且第一转接部315与转接片40电连接。第一极耳31先弯折后再通过第一转接部315与转接片40电连接，有利于增加第一极耳31与转接片40的电连接面积，从而有利于电化学装置中电连接的稳定性。
进一步地，第一连接部311可电连接第一极片21的最外圈或次外圈，由于最外圈或次外圈的第一极片21的弯折的曲率半径相较于靠近卷绕中心轴O的更内圈的曲率半径大，第一连接部311电连接第一极片21的最外圈或次外圈有利于第一极片21与第一极耳31之间电连接的稳定性，有利于降低第一连接部311随第一极片21弯曲过大引起的电连接不良的风险。在本申请中，最外圈是指膜片例如第一极片21从其收尾端沿与卷绕方向D相反的方向绕卷绕中心轴O一圈的区域，次外圈则是指最外圈的起始端沿与卷绕方向D相反的方向绕卷绕中心轴O一圈的区域。
第一转接部315可通过第一折弯部313朝卷绕中心轴O弯折，从而有利于增加第一转接部315用于与转接片40电连接的面积，进而有利于进一步地提升第一极片21与转接片40之间电连接的稳定性。
第二极耳32可包括依次连接的第二连接部321、第二折弯部323和第二转接部325，其中，第二连接部321电连接第二极片23，第二转接部325通过第二折弯部323朝向电极组件20的面向第一壁体11的表面弯折，且第二转接部325与极柱50电连接。第二极耳32先弯折后再通过第二转接部325与极柱50电连接，有利于增加第二极耳32与极柱50的电连接面积，从而有利于电化学装置中电连接的稳定性。
进一步地，第二连接部321可电连接第二极片21的最外圈或次外圈，由于最外圈或次外圈的第二极片23的弯折的曲率半径相较于靠近卷绕中心轴O的更内圈的曲率半径大，第二连接部321电连 接第二极片23的最外圈或次外圈有利于第二极片23与极柱50之间电连接的稳定性，有利于降低第二连接部321随第二极片23弯曲过大引起的电连接不良的风险。
第二转接部325可通过第二折弯部323朝卷绕中心轴O弯折，从而有利于增加第二转接部325用于与极柱50电连接的面积，从而有利于进一步地提升第二极片23与极柱50之间电连接的稳定性。
在一些实施例中，第二转接部325可位于转接片40朝向电极组件20的一侧，此时在转接片40与第二壁体13固定时能够通过转接片40将第二极耳32的形态固定，从而有利于第二转接部325与极柱50电连接的稳定性。
在第二连接部321连接第二极片23的最外圈或次外圈时，第二转接部325朝向转接片40的表面具有与第二开口41对应的第一区域325a以及除第一区域325a以外的第二区域325b，其中，第一区域325a用于与极柱50接触电连接。可以理解的，第二区域325b在第一方向X上与转接片40重叠，因此，为了降低第二区域325b与转接片40接触短路的风险，第二区域325b朝向转接片40的表面可覆盖有第一绝缘层71，以提升电化学装置100的安全性以及延长电化学装置100的使用寿命。进一步地，第一绝缘层71还可延伸覆盖部分的第一区域325a，从而有利于进一步地降低第二极片23与转接片40接触短路的风险，同时还有利于降低第一区域325a与第一壁体11接触短路的风险，进而有利于进一步地提升电化学装置100的安全性以及延长电化学装置100的使用寿命。
在一些实施例中，请参阅图8，电化学装置100还可进一步包括第二绝缘层73，第二绝缘层72设于电极组件20面向第一壁体11的表面覆盖电极组件20面向第一壁体11的整个表面。通过第二绝缘层72的设置，有利于降低转接片40直接与电极组件20面向第一壁体11的表面接触短路的风险，同时也有利于降低第一壁体11直接与电极组件20面向第一壁体11的表面接触短路的风险，并且还有利于降低第一极耳31和第二极耳32分别直接与电极组件20面向第一壁体11的表面接触短路的风险，进而有利于进一步地提升电化学装置100的安全性以及延长电化学装置100的使用寿命。
上述任意实施例的电化学装置100均可应用于电子装置中，如图9所示，电子装置200还包括本体201，电化学装置100为本体201供电。
电子装置200可为但不仅限于电动玩具、电动车辆、手机、可穿戴设备、平板、电脑、无人机、储能装置等。
最后应说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本申请进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本申请的技术方案进行修改或等同替换，而不脱离本申请技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种电化学装置，包括壳体、电极组件、第一极耳、第二极耳、转接片和极柱，所述壳体包括第一壁体、第二壁体和第三壁体，所述第一壁体导电且与所述第三壁体相对设置，所述第二壁体连接所述第一壁体和所述第三壁体以与所述第一壁体及所述第三壁体围设形成收容腔，所述电极组件位于所述收容腔内，其中，
    所述第一壁体具有第一开口以连通所述收容腔；
    所述极柱密封所述第一开口，且所述极柱与所述第一壁体之间电绝缘；
    所述转接片位于所述电极组件与所述第一壁体之间，且所述转接片与所述第二壁体固定并与所述第一壁体电连接；
    所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳的极性相反且分别与所述电极组件电连接并从所述电极组件朝向所述第一壁体的一侧伸出，所述第一极耳与所述转接片电连接，所述第二极耳与所述极柱电连接。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述第一壁体包括朝向所述收容腔内凹的凹陷部，所述第一开口设于所述凹陷部，所述极柱固定于所述凹陷部中并嵌入所述第一开口。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述转接片呈环形，所述转接片具有第二开口，所述凹陷部嵌入所述第二开口。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述凹陷部与所述转接片通过所述第二开口卡接。
  5. 如权利要求2至4中任意一项所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述第一极耳包括依次连接的第一连接部、第一折弯部和第一转接部，所述第一连接部电连接所述电极组件，所述第一转接部通过所述第一折弯部朝向所述电极组件的面向所述第一壁体的表面弯折，所述第一转接部与所述转接片电连接。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述电极组件包括第一极片、第二极片以及位于所述第一极片和所述第二极片之间的隔离膜，所述电极组件为绕卷绕中心轴卷绕的卷绕结构，所述第一连接部电连接所述第一极片的最外圈或次外圈，所述第一转接部通过所述第一折弯部朝向所述电极组件的所述卷绕中心轴弯折，所述第二极耳电连接所述第二极片。
  7. 如权利要求2至5中任意一项所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述第二极耳包括第二连接部、第二折弯部和第二转接部，所述第二连接部电连接所述电极组件，所述第二转接部通过所述第二折弯部朝向所述电极组件的面向所述第一壁体的表面弯折，所述第二转接部与所述极柱电连接。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述电极组件包括第一极片、第二极片以及位于所述第一极片和所述第二极片之间的隔离膜，所述电极组件为绕卷绕中心轴卷绕的卷绕结构，所述第二连接部电连接所述第二极片的最外圈或次外圈，所述第二转接部通过所述第二折弯部朝向所述电极组件的所述卷绕中心轴弯折，所述第一极耳电连接所述第一极片。
  9. 如权利要求7或8所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述第二转接部位于所述转接片朝向所述电极组件的一侧，所述第二转接部朝向所述转接片的表面具有与所述第二开口对应的第一区域和除所述第一区域以外的第二区域，所述电极组件还包括第一绝缘层，所述第一绝缘层覆盖于所述第二区域。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述第一绝缘层还延伸覆盖部分所述第一区域。
  11. 如权利要求1至10中任意一项所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述电化学装置还包括第二绝缘层，所述第二绝缘层设置于所述电极组件面向所述第一壁体的表面。
  12. 如权利要求2至11中任意一项所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述电化学装置还包括绝缘密封件，所述绝缘密封件位于所述凹陷部与所述极柱之间。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述极柱包括第一部分和从所述第一部分的一侧沿第一方向凸伸的第二部分，所述凹陷部包括底壁和连接所述底壁的侧壁，所述第一部分位于所述凹陷部中且与所述凹陷部的所述侧壁间隔开，在垂直于所述第一方向的第二方向上，所述第一部分的宽度大于所述第一开口的宽度，所述第二部分伸入所述第一开口，所述绝缘密封件位于所述第一部分与所述凹陷部的所述底壁之间。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述绝缘密封件呈环状且包括内周缘和外周缘，所述第一部分的外周缘在所述第一方向上的投影位于所述绝缘密封件的所述外周缘与所述绝缘密 封件的所述内周缘之间，所述绝缘密封件的所述内周缘在所述第一方向上的投影位于所述第一开口内。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述电化学装置还包括绝缘凸伸部，所述绝缘凸伸部自所述绝缘密封件的所述内周缘延伸至所述第一开口中。
  16. 如权利要求2至9任意一项所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述转接片的厚度小于或等于所述凹陷部的深度。
  17. 如权利要求1至16中任意一项所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述极柱背离所述电极组件的表面不超出所述第一壁体背离所述电极组件的表面。
  18. 如权利要求1至17中任意一项所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述第一极耳为负极极耳，所述第二极耳为正极极耳，所述转接片的材质包括不锈钢或镍，所述第一壁体的材质包括不锈钢或镍，所述极柱的材质包括铝或铝合金。
  19. 如权利要求1至18中任意一项所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述转接片与所述第二壁体的背离所述第三壁体的端面焊接，且所述转接片背离所述第三壁体的表面与所述第一壁体焊接。
  20. 如权利要求1至19中任意一项所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述电化学装置为圆柱形，所述电化学装置的直径不超过3cm。
  21. 一种电子装置，包括本体，其中，所述电子装置还包括如权利要求1至20中任意一项所述的电化学装置，所述电化学装置为所述本体供电。
PCT/CN2024/100694 2024-06-21 2024-06-21 电化学装置和电子装置 Pending WO2025260359A1 (zh)

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