WO2025232149A1 - 电池单体及其制造方法、电池和用电设备 - Google Patents

电池单体及其制造方法、电池和用电设备

Info

Publication number
WO2025232149A1
WO2025232149A1 PCT/CN2024/134260 CN2024134260W WO2025232149A1 WO 2025232149 A1 WO2025232149 A1 WO 2025232149A1 CN 2024134260 W CN2024134260 W CN 2024134260W WO 2025232149 A1 WO2025232149 A1 WO 2025232149A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
end cap
battery cell
housing
connecting surface
battery
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/134260
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王艳
徐良帆
许虎
金海族
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to CN202480063351.9A priority Critical patent/CN122029666A/zh
Publication of WO2025232149A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025232149A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of battery technology, and more specifically, to a battery cell and its manufacturing method, a battery, and an electrical device.
  • Batteries are widely used in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, power tools, drones, energy storage devices, and other fields. Improving the reliability of individual battery cells and the battery pack itself is a pressing issue in battery technology.
  • This application provides a battery cell and its manufacturing method, a battery, and an electrical device, which can improve the reliability of the battery cell and the battery.
  • a battery cell including a housing, an end cap, an electrolyte, an electrode assembly, and a blocking member.
  • the housing has a first opening; the end cap covers the first opening, and the end cap and the housing are sealed together to form a connection portion; the electrolyte is disposed inside the housing; the electrode assembly is disposed inside the housing; and the blocking member connects the end cap and the housing and is located on the side of the connection portion facing the interior of the battery cell.
  • a blocking member connects the end cap and the housing and is located on the side of the connection portion facing the inside of the battery cell. Therefore, it can reduce the probability of electrolyte contacting the connection portion to a certain extent, or prevent at least part of the connection portion from contacting the electrolyte, effectively alleviating the corrosion problem of electrolyte on the connection portion, thereby improving the reliability of the connection portion, reducing the risk of electrolyte leakage, and further improving the reliability of the battery cell and the battery.
  • the end cap has a first connecting surface
  • the housing has a second connecting surface
  • the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface are disposed opposite to each other and connected to form the connecting portion.
  • At least a portion of the blocking member is disposed between the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface, thereby reducing the probability of electrolyte entering between the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface, so that at least a portion of the connection does not come into contact with the electrolyte, effectively alleviating the corrosion problem of the connection by the electrolyte, thereby improving the reliability of the connection, reducing the risk of electrolyte leakage, and further improving the reliability of the battery cell and the battery.
  • the portion of the blocking member disposed between the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface is an annular structure extending circumferentially along the end cap.
  • the connecting part is a ring structure
  • the part of the blocking member set between the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface is a ring structure extending circumferentially along the end cap. This can block the electrode liquid from moving toward the connecting part in all directions, further reducing the probability of the electrolyte contacting the connecting part, thereby improving the reliability of the connecting part and reducing the risk of electrolyte leakage.
  • the end cap has a first side facing the interior of the battery cell and a second side facing away from the interior of the battery cell, and a first outer peripheral surface connecting the first side and the second side, wherein the first connecting surface is the first outer peripheral surface;
  • the housing has an inner peripheral surface facing the interior of the battery cell, and a portion of the inner peripheral surface forms the second connecting surface.
  • the end cap extends into the housing, thereby allowing the first outer peripheral surface to be connected and fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the housing, thus forming a connecting portion.
  • the first connecting surface is the first outer peripheral surface of the end cap
  • the second connecting surface is a portion of the inner peripheral surface of the housing.
  • the housing has a second outer peripheral surface facing away from the interior of the battery cell and an inner peripheral surface facing the interior of the battery cell, and an end face connecting the inner peripheral surface and the second outer peripheral surface, wherein the second connecting surface is the end face, and the end cap has a first side surface facing the interior of the battery cell, wherein a portion of the first side surface forms the first connecting surface.
  • At least the portion of the end cap that connects to the housing does not extend into the housing, but is directly connected and fixed to the end face of the housing, thereby forming a connection portion.
  • the end face of the housing near the opening is the second connection surface
  • a portion of the side of the end cap near the inside of the housing in the thickness direction i.e., the first side of the end cap facing the inside of the battery cell
  • the first side has a protrusion
  • the first connecting surface is disposed around the protrusion
  • the protrusion can first extend into the interior of the housing, thereby achieving the initial positioning of the end cap and the housing. This helps to improve the accuracy of the installation position between the end cap and the housing, and the end cap can be more stably fixed to the housing.
  • a portion of the first side may protrude toward the interior of the battery cell to form the aforementioned protrusion.
  • a portion of the blocking member is disposed between the protrusion and the inner peripheral surface of the housing.
  • a portion of the blocking member extends between the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface.
  • a portion of the blocking member is also disposed between the protrusion and the inner circumferential surface of the housing. Therefore, not only can the portion of the blocking member located between the first and second connecting surfaces prevent the electrolyte from contacting the connecting part, but the portion of the blocking member between the protrusion and the inner circumferential surface of the housing can also prevent the electrolyte from contacting the connecting part. This further reduces the probability of the electrolyte contacting the connecting part, thereby improving the reliability of the connecting part and reducing the risk of electrolyte leakage.
  • the housing has an end face
  • the end cap has a third side face facing the interior of the battery cell and offset from the end face along the thickness direction of the end cap, and the first connecting surface is disposed around the third side face
  • the blocking member includes a first part and a second part connected to each other, the first part is disposed between the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface, and the second part covers at least a portion of the first side face.
  • the blocking member not only extends between the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface, but also covers part of the third side surface.
  • the blocking member is more firmly attached, and at the same time, it further enhances the blocking member's ability to block the electrolyte and reduces the probability of the electrolyte coming into contact with the connecting part.
  • the third side surface is the first side surface on the end cap facing the inside of the battery cell; in the scheme where the end face of the housing is constructed as a second connecting surface, and a portion of the first side surface is the first connecting surface and mates with the second connecting surface to form a connecting portion, the other portion of the first side surface is the third side surface.
  • the outer peripheral portion of the first side surface is the first connecting surface, and the middle region of the first side surface is the third side surface; that is, the first connecting surface surrounds the outer periphery of the third side surface.
  • the blocking member covers the entire third side.
  • the entire circumferential direction of the blocking component can be connected to the inner circumferential surface of the casing, thus sealing the gap between the inner circumferential surface of the casing and the end cap towards the inside of the battery cell. This reduces the likelihood of electrolyte entering the gap, thereby improving the sealing performance of the battery cell.
  • the second part includes a body portion and a thickened portion, the thickened portion surrounding the outer periphery of the body portion and connected to the inner peripheral surface; along the thickness direction of the end cap, the maximum thickness of the thickened portion is greater than the maximum thickness of the body portion.
  • the second part can provide better barrier and corrosion resistance to the third side, thereby reducing the probability of the end cap being corroded by the electrolyte.
  • the thicker portion near the inner circumferential surface further isolates the electrolyte from the third side, further reducing the probability of the end cap being corroded by the electrolyte.
  • the initial blocking material on the third side can melt after the battery cell is heated.
  • the thickened part is formed after the initial blocking material on the third side melts and moves to the inner circumferential surface. It is understandable that before the battery cell is heated, the thickness of the initial blocking material near the inner circumferential surface is greater than the thickness of the thickened part.
  • the electrolyte inside the casing can be blocked not only by the second part covering the third side, but also by the fixed connection area between the end cap and the casing, thus achieving secondary sealing, reducing the risk of electrolyte leakage and improving the sealing performance of the battery cell.
  • the thickened portion has a first side connected to the body portion and a second side connected to the first portion, and the thickness of the thickened portion gradually increases from the first side to the second side.
  • the gradually thickened part can make the blocking performance of the second part gradually stronger in the part close to the first part, ensuring that the edge area of the third side has sufficient blocking performance, and further reducing the risk of the end cap being corroded by electrolyte.
  • the maximum thickness of the thickened portion is t, and satisfies: 0mm ⁇ t ⁇ 3mm.
  • the area of the second part close to the first part can have sufficient blocking performance, and on the other hand, the thickness of the area of the second part close to the first part is not too large, so as not to have a negative impact on the energy density of the battery cell.
  • At least a portion of the edge region of the third side is constructed as a guide ramp.
  • the blocking material initially located on the third side melts.
  • the molten blocking material on the third side can flow downward through the guide slope under the action of gravity and move to the space between the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface.
  • the molten blocking material on the third side can flow to the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface through the guide slope; in the scheme where the end face of the housing is constructed as a second connecting surface and a portion of the first side is a first connecting surface that mates with the second connecting surface, at least a portion of the first side protrudes toward the interior of the battery cell to form a protrusion, and the guide slope can be the peripheral surface of the protrusion.
  • the molten blocking material on the third side can first enter the gap between the protrusion or the guide slope and the inner peripheral surface of the housing, and then immerse itself between the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface through the guide slope.
  • the angle between the guide ramp and the first connecting surface is an obtuse angle.
  • the guide ramp is disposed around the end cap and forms an annular region.
  • the edge region of the third side is provided with a first groove, one end of the first groove extends to the first connecting surface, and at least a portion of the bottom wall of the first groove is constructed as the guide slope.
  • the first groove can guide the molten blocking material on the third side to the space between the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface.
  • the first groove can store a certain amount of molten blocking material. Therefore, the area of the blocked material coated on the inner circumferential surface of the shell that is directly opposite the first groove is larger than the height of other areas of the inner circumferential surface coated with blocking material, thereby improving the sealing effect between the end cap and the shell to at least a certain extent.
  • the area on the inner circumferential surface of the shell that is not directly opposite the first groove has a gap between it and the end cap that communicates with the first groove.
  • the molten material flowing out from the first groove coats the area on the inner circumferential surface of the shell that is not directly opposite the first groove through this gap.
  • edge area of the third side is not entirely sloping, the flow of molten material is more concentrated, and the molten material can more easily reach the space between the first and second connecting surfaces through the first groove. This reduces the likelihood that the molten material would have difficulty flowing between the first and second connecting surfaces due to the overall large size of the edge area of the third side.
  • the molten material on the coating area can flow evenly between the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface, improving the sealing uniformity between the end cap and the inner circumferential surface of the shell.
  • the material used for the end cap can be further reduced, thus reducing the manufacturing cost of the end cap.
  • the third side surface is further provided with a second groove, which is located at the end of the first groove away from the first connecting surface and communicates with the first groove.
  • the melting point of the blocking element is greater than or equal to 85°C and less than or equal to 120°C.
  • the blocking component can be made of a single material, which can be any of the materials mentioned above; of course, the blocking component can also be composed of two or more of the materials mentioned above.
  • the end cap is located below the housing along the direction of gravity. Therefore, when the battery cell is inverted and subjected to high-temperature baking, the molten blocking material can flow under gravity to the side of the connector facing the inside of the battery cell, thereby reducing the probability of the electrolyte contacting the connector.
  • embodiments of this application provide an electrical device including the aforementioned battery cell or battery. Because the electrical device according to embodiments of this application is equipped with the aforementioned battery cell or battery, the power supply stability of the electrical device is improved.
  • embodiments of this application provide a method for manufacturing a single battery cell, comprising: An end cap assembly is provided, the end cap assembly including an end cap and a blocking member, the blocking member being disposed on one side of the end cap in the thickness direction; A housing is provided, the housing having a first opening; Provide an electrode assembly, and install the electrode assembly into the housing; The end cap assembly is placed over the first opening, with the blocking member facing the interior of the housing; The end cap and the housing are connected to form an assembly; The assembly is heated to melt the blocking element and connect the end cap and the housing; Cool the assembly to solidify the blocking component; Electrolyte is injected into the housing.
  • the electrode assembly can be installed inside the housing, and the assembly can be heated so that the molten blocking component flows between the end cap and the housing, thereby blocking the electrolyte to a certain extent, reducing the probability of contact between the electrolyte and the connection part, and thus reducing the occurrence of battery cell leakage.
  • the end cap assembly when the assembly is heated, the end cap assembly is oriented downwards.
  • the molten blocking material can flow towards the space between the end cap and the shell under the action of gravity, so that the initial blocking material can diffuse between the end cap and the shell after cooling, at least to a certain extent blocking the electrolyte from moving towards the connection.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the vehicle provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the battery provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of a single battery cell provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 4 is a front view of the end cap assembly (not assembled into the housing) provided in an embodiment of this application;
  • Figure 5 is a side view of the end cap assembly (not assembled into the housing) provided in an embodiment of this application;
  • Figure 6 is a front view of the end cap assembly provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 7 is a side view of the end cap assembly provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 8 is a side view of an end cap assembly provided in another embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 9 is a side view of an end cap assembly provided in another embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 10 is a side view of the end cap provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 11 is a magnified view of a portion shown in circle A of Figure 10;
  • Figure 13 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of circle B in Figure 12;
  • Figure 15 is a magnified view of a portion of circle F in Figure 14;
  • Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the end cap and housing fitting together according to another embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 17 is a magnified view of a portion of circle G in Figure 16;
  • Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the end cap and housing fitting together according to another embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the end cap and housing fitting together according to another embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 21 is a magnified view of circled C in Figure 20;
  • Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the end cap and housing fitting together according to another embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 23 is a magnified view of circled D in Figure 22;
  • Figure 25 is a magnified view of circle E in Figure 24;
  • Figure 27 is a magnified view of a portion of circle J in Figure 26;
  • Figure 28 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a battery cell according to an embodiment of this application.
  • Icons Vehicle 1000, Battery 100, Controller 200, Motor 300, Housing 10, Battery Cell 20, First Sub-Housing 11, Second Sub-Housing 12, Housing 21, Electrode Assembly 22, Electrode Terminal 25, Housing 211, Connector 211c, End Cap Assembly 212, End Cap 212a, Protrusion 212a1, Block 212b, First Part 212c1, Second Part 212c2, Third Part 212c3 First side 101, coating area 101a, blank area 101b, third side 101c, second side 102, first outer peripheral surface 103, body part 212b1, thickened part 212b2, first side a, second side b, guide slope 108, first groove 104a, second groove 104b, first opening 106, inner peripheral surface 107, end face 105, second outer peripheral surface 109, first connecting surface M1, second connecting surface M2.
  • connection should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components.
  • connection can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components.
  • multiple refers to two or more (including two), and similarly, “multiple groups” refers to two or more (including two), and “multiple pieces” refers to two or more (including two).
  • the battery can be a battery module, and when there are multiple battery cells, the multiple battery cells are arranged and fixed to form a battery module.
  • the battery can be a battery pack, which includes a housing and individual battery cells, with the individual battery cells or battery modules housed within the housing.
  • the battery can be an energy storage device.
  • Energy storage devices include energy storage containers, energy storage cabinets, etc.
  • the battery cell can be a secondary battery, which refers to a battery cell that can be recharged to activate the active materials and continue to be used after the battery cell has been discharged.
  • the battery cell may be, but is not limited to, lithium-ion battery, sodium-ion battery, sodium-lithium-ion battery, lithium metal battery, sodium metal battery, lithium-sulfur battery, magnesium-ion battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, nickel-cadmium battery, lead-acid battery, etc.
  • the positive electrode may be a positive electrode sheet, which may include a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material disposed on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the positive current collector has two surfaces opposite each other in its own thickness direction, and the positive active material is disposed on either or both of the two opposite surfaces of the positive current collector.
  • the positive electrode current collector can be a metal foil or a composite current collector.
  • a metal foil it can be aluminum with a silver-plated surface, stainless steel with a silver-plated surface, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, carbon electrode, carbon, nickel, or titanium, etc.
  • Composite current collectors can include a polymer material base layer and a metal layer.
  • Composite current collectors can be formed by forming a metal material (aluminum, aluminum alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver and silver alloy, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (such as a substrate of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, etc.).
  • the positive electrode active material may include at least one of the following materials: lithium phosphate, lithium transition metal oxide, and their respective modified compounds.
  • this application is not limited to these materials, and other conventional materials that can be used as positive electrode active materials for batteries may also be used.
  • the negative electrode may be a negative electrode sheet, and the negative electrode sheet may include a negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode current collector can be a metal foil or a composite current collector.
  • a metal foil it can be aluminum with a silver-plated surface, stainless steel with a silver-plated surface, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, carbon electrode, or made of carbon, nickel, or titanium, etc.
  • the negative electrode current collector has two surfaces opposite each other in its own thickness direction, and the negative electrode active material is disposed on either or both of the two opposite surfaces of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode active material may be a negative electrode active material known in the art for use in batteries.
  • the negative electrode active material may include at least one of the following materials: artificial graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, silicon-based materials, tin-based materials, and lithium titanate, etc.
  • Silicon-based materials may be selected from at least one of elemental silicon, silicon oxide compounds, silicon-carbon composites, silicon-nitrogen composites, and silicon alloys.
  • Tin-based materials may be selected from at least one of elemental tin, tin oxide compounds, and tin alloys.
  • this application is not limited to these materials, and other conventional materials that can be used as negative electrode active materials for batteries may also be used. These negative electrode active materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the separator is a separator membrane. This application does not impose any particular limitation on the type of separator membrane; any known porous separator membrane with good chemical and mechanical stability can be selected.
  • the main material of the separator can be selected from at least one of glass fiber, non-woven fabric, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and ceramic.
  • the separator can be a single-layer film or a multi-layer composite film, without particular limitation. When the separator is a multi-layer composite film, the materials of each layer can be the same or different, without particular limitation.
  • the separator can be a separate component located between the positive and negative electrodes, or it can be attached to the surfaces of the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the separator is a solid electrolyte.
  • the solid electrolyte is disposed between the positive and negative electrodes, serving both to transport ions and to isolate the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the battery cell also includes an electrolyte, which acts as a conductor of ions between the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the electrolyte can be liquid, gel-like, or solid. Liquid electrolytes include electrolyte salts and solvents.
  • the electrolyte salt may include at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium difluorooxalate borate, lithium dioxalate borate, lithium difluorodioxalate phosphate, and lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate.
  • the solvent may include at least one selected from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, butyl carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, methyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, 1,4-butyrolactone, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfone, methyl ethyl sulfone, and diethyl sulfone.
  • the solvent may also be an ether solvent.
  • Ether solvents may include one or more selected from ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, methyl tetrahydrofuran, diphenyl ether, and crown ethers.
  • the gel electrolyte includes a polymer as the electrolyte backbone network, combined with an ionic liquid - lithium salt.
  • Solid electrolytes include polymer solid electrolytes, inorganic solid electrolytes, and composite solid electrolytes.
  • polymer solid electrolytes can be polyether (polyoxyethylene), polysiloxane, polycarbonate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethyl methacrylate, monoionic polymers, polyionic liquids-lithium salts, cellulose, etc.
  • inorganic solid electrolytes may include one or more of the following: oxide solid electrolytes (crystalline perovskite, sodium superconducting ion conductor, garnet, amorphous LiPON thin film), sulfide solid electrolytes (crystalline lithium superconducting ion conductor (lithium germanium phosphate sulfide, silver sulfide germanium ore), amorphous sulfides), halide solid electrolytes, nitride solid electrolytes, and hydride solid electrolytes.
  • oxide solid electrolytes crystalline perovskite, sodium superconducting ion conductor, garnet, amorphous LiPON thin film
  • sulfide solid electrolytes crystalline lithium superconducting ion conductor (lithium germanium phosphate sulfide, silver sulfide germanium ore), amorphous sulfides)
  • halide solid electrolytes nitride solid electrolytes, and hydr
  • composite solid electrolytes are formed by adding inorganic solid electrolyte fillers to polymer solid electrolytes.
  • the electrode assembly is a stacked structure.
  • the battery cell may include a housing.
  • the housing is used to encapsulate components such as electrode assemblies and electrolytes.
  • the housing may be made of steel, aluminum, plastic (such as polypropylene), composite metal (such as copper-aluminum composite), or aluminum-plastic film, etc.
  • the housing includes an end cap and a casing, the casing having an opening, and the end cap closing the opening to form a sealed space for accommodating substances such as electrode assemblies and electrolytes.
  • the casing may have one or more openings.
  • the end cap may also be provided one or more times.
  • At least one electrode terminal is provided on the housing, and the electrode terminal is electrically connected to the tab of the electrode assembly.
  • the electrode terminal can be directly connected to the tab or indirectly connected to the tab via an adapter.
  • the electrode terminal can be located on the end cap or on the housing.
  • an explosion-proof valve is provided on the housing.
  • the explosion-proof valve is used to release the internal pressure of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell can be a cylindrical battery cell, a prismatic battery cell, a pouch battery cell, or a battery cell of other shapes.
  • Prismatic battery cells include prismatic battery cells, blade-shaped battery cells, and multi-prismatic batteries, such as hexagonal prismatic batteries. There are no particular limitations in the embodiments of this application.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module comprising one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery can be a battery module, and when there are multiple battery cells, the multiple battery cells are arranged and fixed to form a battery module.
  • the battery can be a battery pack, which includes a housing and individual battery cells, with the individual battery cells or battery modules housed within the housing.
  • the housing may be part of the vehicle's chassis structure.
  • a portion of the housing may be at least a part of the vehicle's floor, or a portion of the housing may be at least a part of the vehicle's crossbeams and longitudinal beams.
  • the battery can be an energy storage device.
  • Energy storage devices include energy storage containers, energy storage cabinets, etc.
  • Batteries have outstanding advantages such as high energy density, low environmental pollution, high power density, long service life, wide applicability, and low self-discharge coefficient, making them an important component of the current development of new energy.
  • the battery cell 20 includes a housing 21, an electrode assembly 22, and electrode terminals 25.
  • the housing 21 includes a shell 211 and an end cap assembly 212.
  • the shell 211 has an opening, and the end cap assembly 212 closes the opening to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 20 from the external environment.
  • the housing 211 is a component used to cooperate with the end cap assembly 212 to form the internal environment of the battery cell 20, wherein the formed internal environment can accommodate the electrode assembly 22, electrolyte, and other components.
  • the housing 211 and the end cap assembly 212 can be independent components.
  • the housing 211 can have various shapes and sizes. Specifically, the shape of the housing 211 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electrode assembly 22.
  • the housing 211 can be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, and plastic.
  • End cap assembly 212 refers to a component that covers the opening of housing 211 to isolate the internal environment of battery cell 20 from the external environment.
  • the shape of end cap assembly 212 can be adapted to the shape of housing 211 to fit it.
  • end cap assembly 212 can be made of a material with certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy), so that end cap assembly 212 is less prone to deformation under pressure and impact, enabling battery cell 20 to have higher structural strength and improved reliability.
  • Functional components such as electrode terminals can be provided on end cap assembly 212. Electrode terminals can be used for electrical connection with electrode assembly 22 to output or input electrical energy to battery cell 20.
  • end cap assembly 212 can also be various, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., and this application embodiment does not impose special limitations on this.
  • an insulating structure may also be provided inside the end cap assembly 212.
  • the insulating structure can be used to isolate the electrical connection components within the housing 211 from the end cap assembly 212 to reduce the risk of short circuits.
  • the insulating structure may be made of plastic, rubber, etc.
  • Electrode assembly 22 is the component in the battery cell 20 where electrochemical reactions occur.
  • the casing 211 may contain one or more electrode assemblies 22.
  • the electrode assembly 22 is mainly formed by winding or stacking positive and negative electrode sheets, and typically a separator is provided between the positive and negative electrode sheets to separate them and reduce the risk of internal short circuits.
  • the portions of the positive and negative electrode sheets containing active material constitute the main body of the electrode assembly, while the portions without active material each constitute a tab.
  • the positive and negative tabs may be located together at one end of the main body or separately at both ends. During the charging and discharging process of the battery, the positive and negative active materials react with the electrolyte, and the tabs connect to the electrode terminals to form a current loop.
  • End caps are typically fixed to the housing to seal the openings on the housing, thereby isolating the internal and external spaces of the housing and creating a relatively sealed space inside the housing.
  • some batteries require assembly and use with the individual cells inverted, according to customer's optimized grouping requirements, with the end caps located at the bottom.
  • the side of the end cap facing inwards from the battery cell can directly contact the electrolyte, which may corrode the end cap and even cause leakage from the casing due to electrolyte corrosion.
  • this application proposes a battery cell that can alleviate the problem of end cap corrosion and improve battery sealing.
  • the battery cell 20 may include a housing 211, an end cap 212a, an electrode liquid, an electrode assembly 22, and a blocking member 212b.
  • the housing 211 has a first opening 106, through which the electrode assembly 22 can be installed into the receiving space of the housing 211.
  • the electrode fluid can also be injected into the housing.
  • the end cap 212a can be made of a high-strength material, for example, the end cap 212a can be a metal part, and similarly, the housing 211 can also be a metal part.
  • the end cap 212a can cover the first opening 106, thereby closing the first opening 106.
  • the end cap 212a and the housing 211 together enclose a space isolated from the outside world, where the electrode assembly 22 and the electrolyte can be placed.
  • the end cap 212a can be sealed to the housing 211 to form a connecting portion 211c.
  • the end cap 212a can be fixedly connected to the housing 211, so the connecting portion 211c can be a fixed connection area formed after the end cap 212a and the housing 211 are fixed.
  • the end cap 212a can be welded to the housing 211, so that the connecting part 211c is the weld between the end cap 212a and the housing 211; or the end cap 212a can be bonded to the housing 211, so that the connecting part 211c is the adhesive between the end cap 212a and the housing 211.
  • the blocking component 212b can be an insulating component, or it can be non-insulating, as long as it can at least to some extent prevent the electrolyte from entering the connection part 211c.
  • the blocking member 212b connects the end cap 212a and the housing 211, and is located on the side of the connecting part 211c facing the inside of the battery cell 20.
  • the blocking member 212b can enter into the gap between the end cap 212a and the housing 211. This can, to a certain extent, prevent the electrolyte from contacting the connection part 211c, thereby reducing the risk of corrosion of the connection part 211c.
  • the blocking member 212b connects the end cap 212a and the housing 211, and is located on the side of the connecting portion 211c facing the interior of the battery cell 20. Therefore, it can reduce the probability of electrolyte contact with the connecting portion 211c to a certain extent, or prevent at least a portion of the connecting portion 211c from contacting the electrolyte, effectively alleviating the corrosion problem of the connecting portion 211c by the electrolyte, thereby improving the reliability of the connecting portion 211c, reducing the risk of electrolyte leakage, and further improving the reliability of the battery cell 20 and the battery.
  • the end cap 212a has a first connecting surface M1
  • the housing 211 has a second connecting surface M2.
  • the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2 are disposed opposite to each other and connected to form a connecting portion 211c.
  • at least a portion of the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2 can be welded to form the connecting portion 211c.
  • the end cap 212a can be generally plate-shaped.
  • At least a portion of the blocking member 212b is disposed between the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2, and is located on the side of the connecting portion 211c facing the inside of the battery cell 20.
  • the blocking member 212b is disposed between the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2, which can block the electrolyte from contacting the connecting part 211c to a certain extent, thereby reducing the risk of corrosion of the connecting part 211c.
  • At least a portion of the blocking member 212b is disposed between the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2, which can reduce the probability of the electrolyte coming into contact with the connecting part 211c to a certain extent, or prevent at least a portion of the connecting part 211c from coming into contact with the electrolyte, effectively alleviating the corrosion problem of the connecting part 211c by the electrolyte, thereby improving the reliability of the connecting part 211c, reducing the risk of electrolyte leakage, and further improving the reliability of the battery cell 20 and the battery.
  • the end cap 212a and the housing 211 can be fixed together by welding. There is a welding area between the end cap 212a and the housing 211, and the end cap 212a and the housing 211 can be fixedly connected through the welding area.
  • the end cap 212a and the housing 211 can be fixed together by adhesive bonding. There is an adhesive area between the end cap 212a and the housing 211, and the end cap 212a and the housing 211 can be fixedly connected through this adhesive area.
  • end cap 212a and the housing 211 in this embodiment of the application can be fixedly connected in other ways, and this application does not limit this.
  • the aforementioned welding area or bonding area can fix the end cap 212a and the housing 211 together.
  • the end cap 212a and the housing 211 are mainly fixed together through the welding area or bonding area.
  • the aforementioned welding area or bonding area can all be referred to as the connecting part 211c.
  • At least a portion of the blocking member 212b is disposed between the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2, and the portion of the blocking member 212b disposed between the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2 is an annular structure that extends circumferentially along the end cap 212a.
  • the connecting part 211c is a ring structure
  • the portion of the blocking member 212b disposed between the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2 is a ring structure extending circumferentially along the end cap 212a. This can completely block the electrode liquid from moving toward the connecting part 211c, further reducing the probability of the electrolyte contacting the connecting part 211c, thereby improving the reliability of the connecting part 211c and reducing the risk of electrolyte leakage.
  • the end cap 212a has a first side 101 facing the interior of the battery cell 20 and a second side 102 facing away from the interior of the battery cell 20, and a first outer peripheral surface 103 connecting the first side 101 and the second side 102, wherein the first connecting surface M1 is the first outer peripheral surface 103; the housing 211 has an inner peripheral surface 107 facing the interior of the battery cell 20, and a portion of the inner peripheral surface 107 forms the second connecting surface M2.
  • the end cap 212a has a first side surface 101 and a second side surface 102.
  • the first side surface 101 faces the interior of the housing 211, and the second side surface 102 faces away from the interior of the housing 211. That is, after the battery cell 20 is assembled, the first side surface 101 is the inner side surface of the end cap 212a, and the second side surface 102 is the outer side surface of the end cap 212a.
  • the end cap 212a extends into the interior of the housing 211, allowing the first outer peripheral surface 103 to be connected and fixed to the inner peripheral surface 107 of the housing 211, thereby forming the connecting portion 211c.
  • the first connecting surface M1 is the first outer peripheral surface 103 of the end cap 212a
  • the second connecting surface M2 is a portion of the inner peripheral surface 107 of the housing 211.
  • the housing 211 has a second outer peripheral surface 109 facing away from the interior of the battery cell 20 and an inner peripheral surface 107 facing the interior of the battery cell 20, and an end surface 105 connecting the inner peripheral surface 107 and the second outer peripheral surface 109, wherein the second connecting surface M2 is the end surface 105, and the end cap 212a has a first side surface 101 facing the interior of the battery cell 20, wherein a portion of the first side surface 101 forms the first connecting surface M1.
  • At least the portion of the end cap 212a that connects to the housing 211 does not extend into the housing 211, but is directly connected and fixed to the end face 105 of the housing 211, thus forming a connecting portion 211c.
  • the end face 105 of the housing 211 near the opening 106 is the second connecting surface M2
  • a portion of the first side surface 101 is the first connecting surface M1.
  • the portion of the end cap 211 on the side surface near the interior of the housing 211 in the thickness direction, opposite to the end face 105 is the first connecting surface M1.
  • the end cap 212a has a first outer peripheral surface 103 and a second side surface 102 facing away from the interior of the battery cell 20.
  • the first outer peripheral surface 103 is connected to the first connecting surface M1 and the second side surface 102.
  • the protrusion 212a1 can first extend into the interior of the housing 211, thereby achieving the initial positioning of the end cap 212a and the housing 211, so that the installation position of the end cap 212a and the housing 211 is more accurate, and the end cap 212a can be more stably fixed onto the housing 211.
  • a portion (third portion 212c3) of the blocking member 212b is disposed between the protrusion 212a1 and the inner peripheral surface 107 of the housing 211.
  • the blocking member 212b not only extends between the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2, but also covers a part of the third side surface 101c.
  • the blocking member 212b is more firmly attached, and at the same time, it further enhances the ability of the blocking member 212b to block the electrolyte and reduces the probability of the electrolyte coming into contact with the connecting part 211c.
  • the third side 101c will not come into contact with the electrolyte, further reducing the risk of corrosion of the end cap 212a.
  • the entire circumferential direction of the blocking member 212b can be connected to the inner circumferential surface 107 of the housing 211, thereby sealing the gap between the inner circumferential surface 107 of the housing 211 and the end cap 212a towards the inside of the battery cell 20, reducing the probability of electrolyte entering this gap, and thus improving the sealing performance of the battery cell 20.
  • the blocking member 212b can insulate at least a portion of the third side 101c.
  • the contact area between the third side 101c and the electrolyte can be reduced, thereby reducing the risk of corrosion of the end cap 212a.
  • a portion of the blocking member 212b may extend between the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2, and a portion of the blocking member 212b may also contact the inner peripheral surface 107 of the housing 211 (the inner peripheral surface 107 is the portion that is not opposite to the first connecting surface M1).
  • connection portion 211c the fixed connection area between the end cap 212a and the housing 211 (i.e., the connection portion 211c) is a primary seal, while the blocking member 212b connected to the inner circumferential surface 107 provides a secondary seal. This improves the sealing effect of the battery cell 20 and reduces the probability of electrolyte leakage.
  • the blocking member 212b can extend into the gap between the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2, and can even extend into the gap of the fixed connection area (connecting part 211c) between the end cap 212a and the housing 211.
  • the blocking member 212b further includes a third part 212c3, which can be fixed to the inner peripheral surface 107 of the housing 211.
  • the molten blocking material can flow not only between the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2, but also to the inner peripheral surface 107 of the housing 211.
  • the third side 101c will not come into contact with the electrolyte, further reducing the risk of corrosion of the end cap 212a.
  • the entire circumferential direction of the blocking member 212b can be connected to the inner circumferential surface 107, thus sealing the gap between the inner circumferential surface 107 and the end cap 212a towards the inside of the battery cell 20, reducing the probability of electrolyte entering this gap, thereby improving the sealing performance of the battery cell 20.
  • the melting point of the blocking member 212b is greater than or equal to 85° and less than or equal to 120°.
  • the melting point of the blocking member 212b may be 85°, 90°, 95°, 100°, 105°, 110°, 115° or 120°.
  • the melting point of the above-mentioned blocking member 212b is only some specific embodiments of this application. As long as the melting point of the blocking member 212b meets the above range, it is within the protection scope of this application.
  • the blocking member 212b can melt when the battery cell 20 is heated (baking), so that the molten blocking material can flow to the space between the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2, and even flow to the fixed connection area (i.e., the connection part 211c) of the housing 211 and the end cap 212a, to perform secondary sealing on the housing 211 and the end cap 212a of the battery cell 20.
  • the blocking member 212b will not melt during normal use due to its low melting point, thus improving the stability of the blocking member 212b.
  • the melting point of the blocking member 212b is greater than or equal to 90° and less than or equal to 110°.
  • the melting point of the blocking member 212b may be 90°, 96°, 102°, 108° or 110°.
  • the melting point of the above-mentioned blocking member 212b is only some specific embodiments of this application. As long as the melting point of the blocking member 212b meets the above range, it is within the protection scope of this application.
  • the blocking member 212b can melt more easily when the battery cell 20 is heated (baking), so that the molten blocking material can flow more easily between the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2, and even flow to the fixed connection area (i.e., the connection part 211c) of the housing 211 and the end cap 212a of the battery cell 20 to perform secondary sealing.
  • the blocking member 212b will not melt during normal use due to the low melting point, which further improves the stability of the blocking member 212b.
  • the blocking element 212b may include one or more of paraffin wax, rosin, PE wax, polyolefin, stearic acid, and white oil.
  • the blocking element 212b can melt after the battery cell 20 is heated, and the molten blocking material can flow between the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2 to provide a secondary seal between the end cap 212a and the housing 211.
  • the blocking element 212b can be made of a single material, which can be any of the materials mentioned above; of course, the blocking element 212b can also be composed of two or more of the materials mentioned above.
  • the blocking member 212b includes paraffin wax, rosin, stearic acid and PE wax; wherein the mass percentage of paraffin wax is 10%-26%, the mass percentage of rosin is 20%-37.5%, the mass percentage of stearic acid is 10-20%, and the mass percentage of PE wax is 8%-11.5%.
  • Stearic acid is composed of long-chain alkanes. Adding stearic acid to the barrier 212b makes the barrier 212b more flexible and malleable, increasing its ductility and toughness, thereby reducing the risk of electrolyte leakage caused by cracking of the barrier 212b.
  • the average molecular weight of PE wax is between 2,000 and 10,000, which is relatively high. Its main component is low molecular weight polyethylene homopolymer or copolymer, and its melting point is usually above 90°C. Adding PE wax to the barrier component 212b causes long and short chains to recombine, increasing the molecular weight and thus raising the melting point of the barrier component 212b. This helps reduce the risk of electrolyte leakage due to the barrier component 212b liquefying and detaching.
  • a 2mm circular hole is drilled at the location where the connection portion 211c is formed between the housing 211 and the end cap 212a, and then a blocking element 212b is filled in.
  • the blocking element 212b can be prepared by the following method: first, paraffin wax, rosin, and PE wax are added to a solvent at 100°C according to a preset ratio and mixed evenly; then, stearic acid of a preset ratio is added while stirring at 100°C, and after melting evenly, a blocking element melt is obtained. The blocking element melt is cooled for 24 hours to obtain a solid blocking element, and then a test sample adapted to the above-mentioned 2mm circular hole is processed.
  • the embodiments of this application control the ratio of paraffin, rosin, stearic acid and PE wax in the blocking component, so that paraffin, rosin, stearic acid and PE wax in some embodiments of this application work together to make the blocking component have a high melting point, good adhesion and high plasticity, thereby significantly reducing the risk of leakage of battery cells.
  • the second part 212c2 can give the first side surface 101 better insulation and corrosion resistance, thereby reducing the probability of the end cap 212a being corroded by the electrolyte.
  • the thickened part 212b2 located on the outer periphery of the body part 212b1 has a greater thickness, which can further isolate the electrolyte from the third side surface 101c, further reducing the probability of the end cap 212a being corroded by the electrolyte.
  • the initial blocking material on the third side 101c can melt after the battery cell 20 is heated.
  • the thickened portion 212b2 is formed after the initial blocking material on the third side 101c melts and moves between the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2. It can be understood that before the battery cell 20 is heated, the thickness of the portion of the initial blocking material near the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2 is greater than the thickness of the thickened portion 212b2.
  • the electrolyte inside the housing 212 can be blocked not only by the second part 212c2 covering the third side 101c, but also by the fixed connection area between the end cap 212a and the housing 211, thereby achieving secondary sealing, reducing the risk of electrolyte leakage and improving the sealing performance of the battery cell 20.
  • the thickness of the thickened portion 212b2 satisfies the above conditions. On the one hand, it can ensure that the area of the second portion 212c2 close to the first portion 212c1 has sufficient blocking performance. On the other hand, it can also ensure that the thickness of the area of the second portion 212c2 close to the first portion 212c1 is not too large, so as not to have a negative impact on the energy density of the battery cell 20.
  • the thickened portion 212b2 is provided around the body portion 212b1. That is, the entire circumferential edge of the second portion 212c2 is the thickened portion 212b2, and the annular thickened portion 212b2 can be connected to the first portion 212c1 around its circumference.
  • the circumferential sealing of the connection area between the end cap 212a and the housing 211 is improved, and the risk of the end cap 212a being corroded by the electrolyte is also reduced.
  • the thickened portion 212b2 can improve the blocking performance of the entire circumferential area of the second portion 212c2, further isolate the third side 101c from the electrolyte, reduce the probability of the electrolyte coming into contact with the third side 101c, and thus reduce the risk of the end cap 212a being corroded by the electrolyte.
  • the end cap 212a also has a second side surface 102, and the first side surface 101 and the second side surface 102 are disposed opposite to each other along the thickness direction of the end cap 212a.
  • the end cap 212a also has a first outer peripheral surface 103, which can connect the first side surface 101 and the second side surface 102 together.
  • At least a portion of the edge region of the third side 101c is constructed as a guide slope 108, that is, the guide slope 108 is not on the same plane as other regions on the third side 101c, nor is the guide slope 108 parallel to other regions on the third side 101c, but rather the guide slope 108 is inclined relative to other regions on the third side 101c.
  • the blocking material initially located on the third side 101c melts.
  • the molten blocking material on the third side 101c can flow downward through the guide slope 108 under the action of gravity and move between the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2.
  • the guide slope 108 has a first end away from the first outer peripheral surface 103 and a second end close to the first outer peripheral surface 103. If the second side surface 102 is a relatively flat plane, the distance between the guide slope 108 and the second side surface 102 gradually decreases from the first end to the second end.
  • the guide slope 108 can be a plane or an arc surface, as long as the distance between the guide slope 108 and the second side surface 102 gradually decreases from the first end to the second end.
  • the angle between the guide slope 108 and the first outer peripheral surface 103 is an obtuse angle, that is, the guide slope 108 is inclined toward the second side surface 102.
  • the molten blocking material can flow more smoothly, so that the blocking member 212b can flow more stably between the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2, and can better seal the gap between the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2.
  • the molten blocking material can also have a sufficient flow speed, which improves the efficiency of the blocking member 212b flowing between the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2.
  • the molten blocking material on the third side surface 101c can flow to the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2 through the guide slope 108; in the embodiment where the end surface 105 of the housing 211 is configured as the second connecting surface M2 and a portion of the first side surface 101 is the first connecting surface M1 that cooperates with the second connecting surface M2, in the embodiment where the end cap 212a is connected to the end surface 105 of the housing 211, at least a portion of the first side surface 101 protrudes toward the interior of the battery cell 20 to form a protrusion 212a1, and the guide slope 108 can be the peripheral surface of the protrusion 212a1.
  • the guide ramp 108 may be arranged around the end cap 212a and form an annular region. Therefore, when the battery cell 20 is heated, the blocking material initially located on the third side 101c can move more evenly between the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2, thereby forming the blocking member 212b of this application and improving the sealing performance between the end cap 212a and the housing 20.
  • the guide slope 108 can surround the coating area 101b and can further reduce the material of the end cap 212a, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the end cap 212a.
  • a first groove 104a is provided on the edge region of the third side surface 101c.
  • One end of the first groove 104a extends to the first connecting surface M1, and at least a portion of the bottom surface of the first groove 104a is constructed as a guide slope 108. That is, the edge region of the third side surface 101c is not entirely made into an inclined slope, but a portion of the edge region of the third side surface 101c is recessed toward the second side surface 102, thereby forming the first groove 104a.
  • the first groove 104a can guide the molten blocking material on the third side 101c into the space between the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2.
  • the first groove 104a can store a certain amount of molten blocking material. Therefore, the area of the blocked material coated on the inner circumferential surface 107 of the shell 211, which is directly opposite the first groove 104a, is larger than the height of the blocking material coated on other areas of the inner circumferential surface 107, thereby improving the sealing effect between the end cap 212a and the shell 211 to at least a certain extent.
  • the area on the inner circumferential surface of the housing 211 that is not directly opposite the first groove 104a has a gap between it and the end cap 212a that communicates with the first groove 104a.
  • the molten material flowing out from the first groove 104a coats the area on the inner circumferential surface 107 of the housing 211 that is not directly opposite the first groove 104a through this gap.
  • the edge region of the third side 101c is not entirely sloping, the flow of molten material is more concentrated, and the molten material can more easily reach the area between the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2 through the first groove 104a. This reduces the likelihood that the molten material would not easily flow between the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2 due to the overall large size of the edge region of the third side 101c.
  • Providing a first groove 104a in the edge region of the first side 101 can also significantly reduce the material used in the end cap 212a and reduce the manufacturing cost of the end cap 212a.
  • first grooves 104a which are spaced apart circumferentially along the end cap 212a. Therefore, after the material melts, the molten material on the coating area 101c can flow uniformly between the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2, improving the sealing uniformity between the end cap 212a and the inner circumferential surface 107 of the housing 211.
  • the material used in the end cap 212a can be further reduced, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the end cap 212a.
  • a second groove 104b is provided on the third side 101c, and the end of the first groove 104a away from the first connecting surface M1 communicates with the second groove 104b.
  • the initial blocking material can be stored in the second groove 104b, and the thickness of the blocking material in the second groove 104b is greater than the thickness of the blocking material in other areas of the third side 101c. Therefore, after the battery cell 20 is heated, the amount of material after the blocking material in the second groove 104b melts can support its flow between the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2, ensuring good sealing performance between the end cap 212a and the housing 211.
  • the material used in the end cap 212a can be further reduced, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the end cap 212a.
  • the bottom surface of the first groove 104a connects the bottom surface of the second groove 104b and the first connecting surface M1.
  • the portion of the initial blocking material located within the second groove 104b can easily flow through the bottom surface of the first groove 104a and reach between the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2 after the battery cell 20 is heated and melted.
  • the molten blocking material can flow from the first side 101 to the inner peripheral surface 107 of the shell 211, and the molten blocking material can even flow between the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2.
  • the second groove 104b is an annular groove extending circumferentially along the third side surface.
  • the portion of the initial blocking material within the second groove 104b can have sufficient material quantity after melting, allowing it to flow circumferentially between the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2, thereby further improving the sealing performance between the end cap 212a and the housing 211.
  • the included angle between the guide slope 108 and the first connecting surface M1 is ⁇ , which satisfies: 110° ⁇ 170°.
  • ⁇ can be 110°, 115°, 120°, 125°, 130°, 135°, 140°, 145°, 150°, 155°, 160°, 165° or 170°.
  • the included angle between the guide slope 108 and the first connecting surface M1 satisfies the above range, which can also reduce the weight of the end cover 212a and the manufacturing cost of the end cover 212a.
  • the battery 100 of this application embodiment is briefly described below.
  • the battery 100 according to an embodiment of this application includes the aforementioned battery cell 20. Because the battery 100 according to an embodiment of this application is provided with the aforementioned battery cell 20, the end cap 212a of the battery 100 has stronger corrosion resistance, effectively reducing the risk of the end cap 212a being corroded by the electrolyte, and also reducing the risk of electrolyte leakage from the battery 100.
  • the end cap 212a is located below the housing 211 along the direction of gravity. Therefore, when the battery cell 20 is inverted and subjected to high-temperature baking, the molten blocking material can flow under gravity to the side of the connection portion 211c facing the inside of the battery cell 20, thereby reducing the probability of the electrolyte contacting the connection portion 211c.
  • the electrical device according to the embodiments of this application includes the battery cell 20 of the above embodiments or the battery 100 of the above embodiments. Since the electrical device according to the embodiments of this application is provided with the above-mentioned battery cell 20 or battery, the power supply stability of the electrical device is improved.
  • the initial blocking material in the embodiments of this application refers to the unmelted blocking member 212b shown in Figures 4-5.
  • An end cap assembly 212 comprising an end cap 212a and an initial stop 212b.
  • the stop 212b is located on one side of the end cap 212a in the thickness direction.
  • the end cap 212a has a first side 101 and a second side 102, which are disposed opposite to each other along the thickness direction of the end cap 212a.
  • the end cap 212a also has a first outer peripheral surface 103, which can connect the first side 101 and the second side 102 together.
  • the initial stop 212b can be disposed on the first side 101.
  • the initial blocking element 212b in the end cap assembly 212 can melt after the battery cell 20 is heated.
  • S2 Provide a housing 211 having a first opening.
  • the electrode assembly 22 can enter the interior of the housing 211 through the first opening. Electrolyte can also be injected into the interior of the housing 211 before or after this step.
  • S5 Connect end cap 212a and housing 211 to form an assembly.
  • the end cap 212a and the housing 211 can be fixed together by welding.
  • the weld (i.e., the connection 211c) between the end cap 212a and the housing 211 can be located on the outer side of the part between the end cap 212a and the housing 211.
  • the blocking element 212b can at least partially enter between the end cap 212a and the housing 211, blocking the electrolyte to a certain extent and reducing the probability of the electrolyte contacting the connection part 211c.
  • the end cap 212a and the housing 211 can be sealed not only through their fixed connection area, but also through the blocking element 212b.
  • the molten blocking material hardens and solidifies to form a blocking component 212b.
  • the blocking component 212b which flows between the end cap 212a and the housing 211, seals the gap between the end cap 212a and the inner circumferential surface of the housing 211, preventing the electrolyte from contacting the connection part 211c.
  • the assembly is heated.
  • the initial blocking material melts, and the molten blocking material can diffuse between the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2.
  • the solidified blocking material can also extend to the space between the first connecting surface M1 and the second connecting surface M2. This reduces the probability of electrolyte contact with the connection part 211c, lowers the possibility of corrosion of the connection part 211c, and provides a secondary seal between the end cap 212a and the housing 211.
  • This further improves the sealing performance of the battery cell 20, further reduces the risk of electrolyte leakage in the battery cell 20, and improves the reliability of the battery cell.
  • the end cap assembly 212 faces downwards when the assembly is heated.
  • the molten blocking material on the third side 101c can flow towards the space between the end cap 212a and the housing 211 under the influence of gravity.
  • the initial blocking material can diffuse between the end cap 212a and the housing 211 after cooling, thereby blocking the electrolyte to at least a certain extent, reducing the probability of contact between the electrolyte and the connection 211c, and thus reducing the occurrence of leakage from the battery cell 20.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池单体（20）及其制造方法、电池（100）和用电设备，电池单体（20）包括壳体（211）、端盖（212a）、电解液、电极组件（22）和阻挡件（212b），壳体（211）具有第一开口（106）；端盖（212a）覆盖第一开口（106），端盖（212a）和壳体（211）密封连接形成连接部（211c）；电解液设置于壳体（211）内；电极组件（22）设置于壳体（211）内；阻挡件（212b）连接端盖（212a）和壳体（211），并位于连接部（211c）面向电池单体（20）内部的一侧。

Description

电池单体及其制造方法、电池和用电设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2024年05月09日提交的名称为“电池单体及其制造方法、电池和用电设备”的PCT专利申请PCT/CN2024/091966的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种电池单体及其制造方法、电池和用电设备。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
电池广泛应用于便携式电子设备、电动交通工具、电动工具、无人机、储能设备等领域。如何提高电池单体和电池的可靠性，是电池技术中亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请提供一种电池单体及其制造方法、电池和用电设备，可以提升电池单体和电池的可靠性。
本申请是通过下述技术方案实现的：
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，包括壳体、端盖、电解液、电极组件和阻挡件，壳体具有第一开
口；端盖覆盖所述第一开口，所述端盖和所述壳体密封连接形成连接部；电解液设置于所述壳体内；电极组件设置于所述壳体内；阻挡件连接所述端盖和所述壳体，并位于所述连接部面向所述电池单体内部的一侧。
根据本申请实施例的电池单体，阻挡件连接所述端盖和所述壳体，并位于所述连接部面向所述电池单体内部的一侧，因此可以在一定程度上降低电解液与连接部接触的几率，或者使得连接部的至少部分不与电解液接触，有效缓解电解液对连接部的腐蚀问题，从而提高了连接部的可靠性，降低了电解液泄露的风险，进而也提高了电池单体和电池的可靠性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述端盖具有第一连接面，所述壳体具有第二连接面，所述第一连接面和所述第二连接面相对设置且连接形成所述连接部。
在上述方案中，述阻挡件的至少部分设置于第一连接面和第二连接面之间，因此减少了电解液进入第一连接面和第二连接面之间的几率，使得连接部的至少部分不与电解液接触，有效缓解电解液对连接部的腐蚀问题，从而提高了连接部的可靠性，降低了电解液泄露的风险，进而也提高了电池单体和电池的可靠性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述阻挡件设置于所述第一连接面和所述第二连接面之间的部分为沿所述端盖的周向延伸的环形结构。
在上述方案中，由于连接部为环形结构，因此将阻挡件设置于第一连接面和第二连接面之间的部分为沿所述端盖的周向延伸的环形结构，可以全方位阻隔电极液朝向连接部移动，进一步降低了电解液接触连接部的几率，从而提高了连接部的可靠性，降低了电解液泄露的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述端盖具有朝向所述电池单体内部的第一侧面和背离所述电池单体内部的第二侧面，以及连接所述第一侧面和所述第二侧面的第一外周面，所述第一连接面为所述第一外周面；所述壳体具有朝向所述电池单体内部的内周面，所述内周面的部分形成所述第二连接面。
在上述方案中，端盖的至少部分伸入到壳体内部，由此第一外周面才可以与壳体的内周面连接固定，从而形成连接部。此时，第一连接面为端盖的第一外周面，第二连接面为壳体的内周面的一部分。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述壳体具有背离所述电池单体内部的第二外周面和朝向所述电池单体内部的内周面，以及连接所述内周面和所述第二外周面的端面，所述第二连接面为所述端面，所述端盖具有朝向所述电池单体内部的第一侧面，所述第一侧面的部分形成所述第一连接面。
在上述方案中，端盖上至少与壳体连接的部分没有伸入到壳体内部，而是直接连接固定于壳体的端面上，从而形成连接部。此时，壳体的靠近开口的端面为第二连接面，端盖在厚度方向上靠近壳体内部的侧面(即，端盖上朝向电池单体内部的第一侧面)的一部分为第一连接面。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一侧面形成有凸出部，所述第一连接面环绕所述凸出部设置。
在上述方案中，端盖安装到壳体的过程中，凸出部可以先伸入到壳体的内部，从而实现端盖与壳体的初步定位，有利于提高端盖与壳体之间安装位置的精准度，端盖可以更加稳定地固定于壳体上。
可以理解的是，第一侧面的一部分可以朝向电池单体的内部凸出以形成上述的凸出部。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述阻挡件的一部分设置于所述凸出部和所述壳体的内周面之间。
在上述方案中，阻挡件的一部分伸入到第一连接面与第二连接面之间，同时，阻挡件的一部分还设置于凸出部与壳体的内周面之间，因此不仅位于第一连接面和第二连接面之间的阻挡件的部分可以阻挡电解液与连接部接触，同时凸出部与壳体的内周面之间的阻挡件的部分也可以阻挡电解液与连接部接触，从而进一步降低了电解液接触连接部的几率，从而提高了连接部的可靠性，降低了电解液泄露的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述壳体具有端面，所述端盖具有朝向所述电池单体内部且沿所述端盖的厚度方向与所述端面错开设置的第三侧面，所述第一连接面环绕所述第三侧面设置；所述阻挡件包括彼此连接的第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分设置于所述第一连接面与第二连接面之间，所述第二部分覆盖所述第一侧面的至少一部分。
在上述方案中，阻挡件不仅伸入到第一连接面与第二连接面之间，还覆盖第三侧面的一部分，由此阻挡件附着地更加牢固，同时也进一步提升了阻挡件阻隔电解液的能力，减少了电解液与连接部接触的几率。
需要说明的是，在端盖的第一外周面构造为第一连接面，且与壳体的内周面的一部分连接形成连接部的方案中，第三侧面即为端盖上朝向电池单体内部的第一侧面；在壳体的端面构造为第二连接面，第一侧面的一部分为第一连接面且与第二连接面配合以形成连接部的方案中，第一侧面的另一部分为第三侧面。在本申请的一些实施例中，第一侧面的外周部分为第一连接面，第一侧面的中间区域为第三侧面，也就是说，第一连接面围设于第三侧面的外周。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述阻挡件覆盖整个所述第三侧面。
在上述方案中，在电池单体倒置时，第三侧面不会与电解液接触，进一步降低了端盖被腐蚀的风险。同时，阻挡件的周向可以全部与壳体的内周面连接，从而壳体的内周面与端盖之间的间隙朝向电池单体内部一端封闭，减少了电解液进入到该缝隙的几率，从而提升了电池单体的密封性能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第二部分包括本体部和加厚部，所述加厚部围设于所述本体部的外周，所述加厚部与所述内周面连接；沿所述端盖的厚度方向，所述加厚部的最大厚度大于所述本体部的最大厚度。
在上述方案中，在端盖与壳体连接完成后，第二部分可以使第三侧面具有更好地阻挡能力和抗腐蚀能力，从而降低端盖被电解液腐蚀的几率。同时靠近内周面的加厚部的厚度更大，也可以进一步将电解液与第三侧面隔离，进一步降低了端盖被电解液腐蚀的几率。
第三侧面上初始的阻挡物料在电池单体被加热后可熔融，加厚部是第三侧面上的初始阻挡物料熔融且移动至内周面后形成的，可以理解的是，在未对电池单体加热前，初始的阻挡物料靠近内周面的部分的厚度要大于加厚部的厚度。
端盖在朝向下方时，壳体内的电解液不仅可以被覆盖第三侧面的第二部分阻挡，同时还可以被端盖与壳体之间的固定连接区域进行阻挡，从而实现了二次密封，降低了电解液泄漏的风险，提升了电池单体的密封性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述加厚部具有与所述本体部连接的第一侧和与所述第一部分连接的第二侧，由所述第一侧至所述第二侧，所述加厚部的厚度逐渐增大。
在上述方案中，渐变的加厚部可以使得第二部分在靠近第一部分的部分的阻挡性能逐渐增强，确保第三侧面的边缘区域的具有足够的阻挡性能，进一步降低了端盖被电解液腐蚀的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述加厚部的最大厚度为t，且满足：0mm＜t≤3mm。
在上述方案中，一方面可以使第二部分靠近第一部分的区域具有足够的阻挡性能，同时也可使第二部分靠近第一部分的区域厚度不至于过大、而对电池单体的能量密度产生负面影响。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第三侧面的边缘区域的至少部分构造为导向斜面。
在上述方案中，在端盖处于电池单体的下侧时，且电池单体被加热后，初始位于第三侧面的阻挡物料发生熔融，第三侧面上的熔融的阻挡物料可以在重力的作用下通过导向斜面朝下流动，移动至第一连接面与第二连接面之间。
需要说明的是，在端盖的第一外周面构造为第一连接面，且与壳体的内周面的一部分连接形成连接部的方案中，第三侧面上的熔融阻挡物料可以通过导向斜面流动至第一连接面和第二连接面；在壳体的端面构造为第二连接面，第一侧面的一部分为与第二连接面配合的第一连接面的方案中，第一侧面的至少部分朝向电池单体的内部凸出以形成凸出部，导向斜面可以为凸出部的周面，第三侧面上的熔融阻挡物料可以先进入到凸出部或导向斜面与壳体的内周面之间的间隙，然后通过导向斜面浸入到第一连接面和第二连接面之间。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述导向斜面与所述第一连接面的夹角为钝角。
在上述方案中，一方面可使熔融的阻挡物料可以较为平缓地流动，使得阻挡件可以更加稳定地流动到第一连接面和第二连接面之间，可以将第一连接面和第二连接面之间的间隙更好地封堵，另一方面还可使熔融的阻挡物料具有足够的流动速度，提升了阻挡件流动到第一连接面和第二连接面之间的效率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述导向斜面环绕所述端盖设置，并形成环形区域。
在上述方案中，在电池单体被加热时，初始位于第三侧面的阻挡物料可以更加均匀地移动至第一连接面和第二连接面之间，从而形成本申请的阻挡件，提升端盖与壳体的密封性。导向斜面可以环绕涂覆区，还可以进一步降低端盖的物料，降低端盖的制造成本。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第三侧面的边缘区域设置有第一凹槽，所述第一凹槽的一端延伸至所述第一连接面，所述第一凹槽的槽底壁的至少部分构造为所述导向斜面。
在上述方案中，第一凹槽可以将第三侧面上熔融的阻挡物料导入到第一连接面和第二连接面之间，第一凹槽可以存储一定量的熔融阻挡物料，因此壳体的内周面上与第一凹槽正对的区域的被阻挡物料涂覆的区域相较于阻挡物料涂覆内周面的其他区域的高度要大，从而至少在一定程度上提升了端盖与壳体之间的密封效果。
壳体的内周面上不与第一凹槽正对的区域，其与端盖之间具有与第一凹槽连通的间隙，从第一凹槽流出的熔融物料通过该间隙将壳体的内周面上不与第一凹槽正对的区域涂覆。
由于第三侧面的边缘区域并非整体都是倾斜面，因此熔融物料的流动更加集中，熔融物料更容易通过第一凹槽到达第一连接面和第二连接面之间。降低了由于第三侧面的边缘区域整体过大导致熔融的物料不容易流动到第一连接面和第二连接面之间的情形的几率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一凹槽为多个，多个所述第一凹槽沿所述端盖的周向间隔设置。
在上述方案中，在阻挡物料熔融后，涂覆区上的熔融物料可以均匀地流向第一连接面和第二连接面之间，提高了端盖与壳体的内周面之间的密封均匀性。当然，通过在第三侧面的边缘区域上设置多个第一凹槽，可以进一步降低端盖的用料，降低端盖的制造成本。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第三侧面还设置有第二凹槽，所述第二凹槽设置于所述第一凹槽远离所述第一连接面的一端，并与所述第一凹槽连通。
在上述方案中，初始的阻挡物料可以存储在第二凹槽内，且第二凹槽内的阻挡物料的厚度相较于第三侧面其他区域的阻挡物料的厚度大，因此在电池单体被加热后，第二凹槽内的阻挡物料熔融后的物料量可以支持其流动至第一连接面和第二连接面之间，确保端盖与壳体之间具有良好的密封性能。
当然，通过设置第二凹槽，可以进一步降低端盖的用料，降低端盖的制造成本。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第二凹槽为沿所述第三侧面的周向延伸的环形凹槽。
在上述方案中，初始的阻挡物料在第二凹槽内的部分可以在熔融后具有足够的物料量、进而可以沿周向流动至第一连接面和第二连接面之间，使得端盖与壳体之间的密封性能得到进一步提升。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述阻挡件的熔点大于等于85℃且小于等于120℃。
在上述方案中，一方面阻挡件可以在电池单体被加热时熔融，从而熔融的阻挡物料可以从第三侧面流动至第一连接面和第二连接面之间，对电池单体的壳体和端盖进行二次密封，另一方面，阻挡件不至于由于熔点过低导致电池单体在正常使用时熔融，提高了阻挡件的稳定性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述阻挡件包括石蜡、松香、PE蜡、聚烯烃、硬脂酸和白油中的一种或多种。
在上述方案中，阻挡件可以在电池单体被加热后熔融，熔融后的阻挡物料可以流动至第一连接面和第二连接面之间，对端盖与壳体进行二次密封。
阻挡件可以由单一材质构成，该单一材质可以为上述材质中的任一种；当然阻挡件还可以由上述多种材质中的两种或更多种共同组成。
根据本申请的一些实施例，阻挡件包括石蜡、松香、硬脂酸和PE蜡。其中，石蜡的质量占比为10％-26％，松香的质量占比为20％-37.5％，硬脂酸的质量占比为10-20％，PE蜡的质量占比为8％-11.5％。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池，包括上述的电池单体。由于根据本申请实施例的电池设置有上述的电池单体，因此该电池的端盖的抗腐蚀能力更强，有效降低端盖被电解液腐蚀的风险，同时还可以降低电池出现电解液泄漏的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述端盖位于所述壳体沿重力方向的下方。由此，在电池单体倒置且进行高温烘烤时，熔融的阻挡物料可以在重力的作用下流动至连接部面向电池单体内部的一侧，进而降低了电解液与连接部接触的几率。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种用电设备，包括上述的电池单体或上述的电池。由于根据本申请实施例的用电设备设置有上述的电池单体或者电池，因此该用电设备的供电稳定性得到了提升。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体的制造方法，包括：
提供端盖组件，所述端盖组件包括端盖以及阻挡件，所述阻挡件设置于所述端盖在厚度方向的一个侧面；
提供壳体，所述壳体具有第一开口；
提供电极组件，将所述电极组件装入所述壳体内；
将所述端盖组件盖设于所述第一开口，使所述阻挡件面向所述壳体的内部；
连接所述端盖和所述壳体以形成装配体；
加热所述装配体，使所述阻挡件熔融并连接所述端盖和所述壳体；
冷却所述装配体，使所述阻挡件固化；
将电解液注入所述壳体内部。
根据本申请实施例的电池单体的制造方法，可以在将电极组件装入到壳体内部，通过对装配体进行加热，使得
熔融的阻挡件流动至端盖与壳体之间，从而至少在一定程度上阻挡电解液，减少电解液与连接部的接触几率，从而降低了电池单体漏液的现象发生。
根据本申请的一些实施例，加热所述装配体时，使所述端盖组件朝向下方。
在上述方案中，熔融的阻挡物料可以在重力的作用下朝向端盖与壳体之间流动，从而初始的阻挡物料在冷却后可以扩散至端盖与壳体之间，至少在一定程度上阻挡电解液朝向连接部移动。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的车辆的示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的电池的爆炸图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的端盖组件(未装配于壳体)的主视图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的端盖组件(未装配于壳体)的侧视图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的端盖组件的主视图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的端盖组件的侧视图；
图8为本申请另一实施例提供的端盖组件的侧视图；
图9为本申请再一实施例提供的端盖组件的侧视图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的端盖的侧视图；
图11为图10圈示A提供的局部放大图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的电池单体的剖视图；
图13为图12圈示B的局部放大示意图；
图14为本申请一个实施例提供的端盖与壳体配合的示意图；
图15为图14圈示F的局部放大图；
图16为本申请另一个实施例提供的端盖与壳体配合的示意图；
图17为图16圈示G的局部放大图；
图18为本申请再一个实施例提供的端盖与壳体配合的示意图；
图19为图18圈示H的局部放大图；
图20为本申请再一个实施例提供的端盖与壳体配合的示意图；
图21为图20圈示C的局部放大图；
图22为本申请再一个实施例提供的端盖与壳体配合的示意图；
图23为图22圈示D的局部放大图；
图24为本申请再一个实施例提供的端盖与壳体配合的示意图；
图25为图24圈示E的局部放大图；
图26为本申请再一个实施例提供的端盖与壳体配合的示意图；
图27为图26圈示J的局部放大图；
图28为本申请实施例的电池单体的制造方法的流程图。
图标：车辆1000，电池100，控制器200，马达300，箱体10，电池单体20，第一子箱体11，第二子箱体12，外壳21，电极组件22，电极端子25，壳体211，连接部211c，端盖组件212，端盖212a，凸出部212a1，阻挡件212b，第一部分212c1，第二部分212c2，第三部分212c3，第一侧面101，涂覆区101a，留白区101b，第三侧面101c，第二侧面102，第一外周面103，本体部212b1，加厚部212b2，第一侧a，第二侧b，导向斜面108，第一凹槽104a，第二凹槽104b，第一开口106，内周面107，端面105，第二外周面109，第一连接面M1，第二连接面M2。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限定本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本申请所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在一些实施例中，电池可以为电池模块，电池单体有多个时，多个电池单体排列并固定形成一个电池模块。
在一些实施例中，电池可以为电池包，电池包包括箱体和电池单体，电池单体或电池模块容纳于箱体中。
在一些实施例中，箱体可以作为车辆的底盘结构的一部分。例如，箱体的部分可以成为车辆的地板的至少一部分，或者，箱体的部分可以成为车辆的横梁和纵梁的至少一部分。
在一些实施例中，电池可以为储能装置。储能装置包括储能集装箱、储能电柜等。
本申请实施例中，电池单体可以为二次电池，二次电池是指在电池单体放电后可通过充电的方式使活性材料激活而继续使用的电池单体。
电池单体可以但不限于为锂离子电池、钠离子电池、钠锂离子电池、锂金属电池、钠金属电池、锂硫电池、镁离子电池、镍氢电池、镍镉电池、铅蓄电池等。
电池单体一般包括电极组件。电极组件包括正极、负极以及隔离件。在电池单体充放电过程中，活性离子(例如锂离子)在正极和负极之间往返嵌入和脱出。隔离件设置在正极和负极之间，可以起到防止正负极短路的作用，同时可以使活性离子通过。
在一些实施例中，正极可以为正极片，正极片可以包括正极集流体以及设置在正极集流体至少一个表面的正极活性材料。
作为示例，正极集流体具有在其自身厚度方向相对的两个表面，正极活性材料设置在正极集流体相对的两个表面的任意一者或两者上。
作为示例，正极集流体可采用金属箔片或复合集流体。例如，作为金属箔片，可以采用表面镀银处理的铝、表面镀银处理的不锈钢、不锈钢、铜、铝、镍、炭精电极、碳、镍或钛等。复合集流体可包括高分子材料基层和金属层。复合集流体可通过将金属材料(铝、铝合金、镍、镍合金、钛、钛合金、银及银合金等)形成在高分子材料基材(如聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯等的基材)上而形成。
作为示例，正极活性材料可包括以下材料中的至少一种：含锂磷酸盐、锂过渡金属氧化物及其各自的改性化合物。但本申请并不限定于这些材料，还可以使用其他可被用作电池正极活性材料的传统材料。
在一些实施例中，负极可以为负极片，负极片可以包括负极集流体。
作为示例，负极集流体可采用金属箔片或复合集流体。例如，作为金属箔片，可以采用表面镀银处理的铝、表面镀银处理的不锈钢、不锈钢、铜、铝、镍、炭精电极、用碳、镍或钛等。
在一些实施例中，负极集流体具有在其自身厚度方向相对的两个表面，负极活性材料设置在负极集流体相对的两个表面中的任意一者或两者上。
作为示例，负极活性材料可采用本领域公知的用于电池的负极活性材料。作为示例，负极活性材料可包括以下材料中的至少一种：人造石墨、天然石墨、软炭、硬炭、硅基材料、锡基材料和钛酸锂等。硅基材料可选自单质硅、硅氧化合物、硅碳复合物、硅氮复合物以及硅合金中的至少一种。锡基材料可选自单质锡、锡氧化合物以及锡合金中的至少一种。但本申请并不限定于这些材料，还可以使用其他可被用作电池负极活性材料的传统材料。这些负极活性材料可以仅单独使用一种，也可以将两种以上组合使用。
在一些实施方式中，隔离件为隔离膜。本申请对隔离膜的种类没有特别的限制，可以选用任意公知的具有良好的化学稳定性和机械稳定性的多孔结构隔离膜。
作为示例，隔离膜的主要材质可选自玻璃纤维、无纺布、聚乙烯、聚丙烯及聚偏二氟乙烯，陶瓷中的至少一种。隔离膜可以是单层薄膜，也可以是多层复合薄膜，没有特别限制。在隔离膜为多层复合薄膜时，各层的材料可以相同或不同，没有特别限制。隔离件可以是单独的一个部件位于正负极之间，也可以附着在正负极的表面。
在一些实施方式中，隔离件为固态电解质。固态电解质设于正极和负极之间，同时起到传输离子和隔离正负极的作用。
在一些实施方式中，电池单体还包括电解质，电解质在正、负极之间起到传导离子的作用。电解质可以是液态的、凝胶态的或固态的。其中，液态电解质包括电解质盐和溶剂。
在一些实施方式中，电解质盐可以包括六氟磷酸锂、四氟硼酸锂、高氯酸锂、六氟砷酸锂、双氟磺酰亚胺锂、双三氟甲磺酰亚胺锂、三氟甲磺酸锂、二氟磷酸锂、二氟草酸硼酸锂、二草酸硼酸锂、二氟二草酸磷酸锂及四氟草酸磷酸锂中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中，溶剂可以包括碳酸亚乙酯、碳酸亚丙酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二丙酯、碳酸甲丙酯、碳酸乙丙酯、碳酸亚丁酯、氟代碳酸亚乙酯、甲酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯、丙酸丙酯、丁酸甲酯、丁酸乙酯、1,4-丁内酯、环丁砜、二甲砜、甲乙砜及二乙砜中的至少一种。溶剂也可选醚类溶剂。醚类溶剂可以包括乙二醇二甲醚、乙二醇二乙醚、二乙二醇二甲醚、三乙二醇二甲醚、四乙二醇二甲醚、1,3-二氧戊环、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、二苯醚及冠醚中的一种或多种。
其中，凝胶态电解质包括以聚合物作为电解质的骨架网络，搭配离子液体-锂盐。
其中，固态电解质包括聚合物固态电解质、无机固态电解质、复合固态电解质。
作为示例，聚合物固态电解质可以为聚醚(聚氧化乙烯)、聚硅氧烷、聚碳酸酯、聚丙烯腈、聚偏氟乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、单离子聚合物、聚离子液体-锂盐、纤维素等。
作为示例，无机固态电解质可以包括氧化物固体电解质(晶态的钙钛矿、钠超导离子导体、石榴石、非晶态的LiPON薄膜)、硫化物固体电解质(晶态的锂超离子导体(锂锗磷硫、硫银锗矿)、非晶体硫化物)以及卤化物固体电解质、氮化物固体电解质及氢化物固体电解质中的一种或多种。
作为示例，复合固态电解质通过在聚合物固体电解质中增加无机固态电解质填料形成。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件为卷绕结构。正极片、负极片卷绕成卷绕结构。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件为叠片结构。
在一些实施方式中，电池单体可以包括外壳。外壳用于封装电极组件及电解质等部件。外壳可以为钢壳、铝壳、塑料壳(如聚丙烯)、复合金属壳(如铜铝复合外壳)或铝塑膜等。
在一些实施方式中，外壳包括端盖和壳体，壳体设有开口，端盖封闭开口以形成用于容纳电极组件和电解质等物质的密闭空间。壳体可设有一个或多个开口。端盖也可设置一个或者多个。
在一些实施方式中，外壳上设置有至少一个电极端子，电极端子与电极组件的极耳电连接。电极端子可以与极耳直接连接，也可以通过转接件与极耳间接连接。电极端子可以设置于端盖上，也可以设置在壳体上。
在一些实施方式中，外壳上设置有防爆阀。防爆阀用于泄放电池单体的内部压力。
作为示例，电池单体可以为圆柱形电池单体、棱柱电池单体、软包电池单体或其它形状的电池单体，棱柱电池单体包括方壳电池单体、刀片形电池单体、多棱柱电池，多棱柱电池例如为六棱柱电池等，本申请实施例没有特别的限制。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。
在一些实施例中，电池可以为电池模块，电池单体有多个时，多个电池单体排列并固定形成一个电池模块。
在一些实施例中，电池可以为电池包，电池包包括箱体和电池单体，电池单体或电池模块容纳于箱体中。
在一些实施例中，箱体可以作为车辆的底盘结构的一部分。例如，箱体的部分可以成为车辆的地板的至少一部分，或者，箱体的部分可以成为车辆的横梁和纵梁的至少一部分。
在一些实施例中，电池可以为储能装置。储能装置包括储能集装箱、储能电柜等。
电池具有能量密度高、环境污染小、功率密度大、使用寿命长、适应范围广、自放电系数小等突出的优点，是现今新能源发展的重要组成部分。
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数，另外，还需要考虑电池的装配效率。
请参照图3，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸图。如图3所示，电池单体20包括外壳21、电极组件22及电极端子25。外壳21包括壳体211和端盖组件212，壳体211具有开口，端盖组件212封闭开口，以将电池单体20的内部环境与外部环境隔绝。
壳体211是用于配合端盖组件212以形成电池单体20的内部环境的组件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电极组件22、电解液以及其他部件。壳体211和端盖组件212可以是独立的部件。壳体211可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的。具体地，壳体211的形状可以根据电极组件22的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体211的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等。
端盖组件212是指盖合于壳体211的开口处以将电池单体20的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，端盖组件212的形状可以与壳体211的形状相适应以配合壳体211。可选地，端盖组件212可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，端盖组件212在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体20能够具备更高的结构强度，可靠性也可以有所提高。端盖组件212上可以设置有如电极端子等的功能性部件。电极端子可以用于与电极组件22电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体20的电能。端盖组件212的材质也可以是多种的，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。在一些实施例中，在端盖组件212的内侧还可以设置有绝缘结构，绝缘结构可以用于隔离壳体211内的电连接部件与端盖组件212，以降低短路的风险。示例性的，绝缘结构可以是塑料、橡胶等。
电极组件22是电池单体20中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体211内可以包含一个或更多个电极组件22。电极组件22主要由正极极片和负极极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极极片与负极极片之间设有隔离膜，隔离膜用于分隔正极极片和负极极片，以降低正极极片和负极极片内接短路的风险。正极极片和负极极片具有活性物质的部分构成电极组件的主体部，正极极片和负极极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端。在电池的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳连接电极端子以形成电流回路。
端盖一般固定于壳体上以密封壳体上的开口，从而使得外壳的内部空间和外部空间隔绝，外壳的内部空间形成一个相对密闭的空间。
部分电池在使用的过程中，需要根据客户成组装配优化需求，将电池单体倒置装配和使用，此时端盖位于下方。此时端盖的朝向电池单体内的侧面与电解液可以直接接触，因此电解液可能会腐蚀端盖，甚至会出现由于电解液的腐蚀导致外壳漏液的情况发生。
另外，由于端盖与壳体固定连接，端盖与壳体之间存在固定连接区域，在端盖位于电池单体的下方且固定连接区域失效后，电解液出现漏液的几率增加。
单个电池单体漏液会对电池单体的性能有影响，对自身的可靠性不会有太大影响。但是结合电池模组或电池包的系统结构，电解液泄漏后，当系统局部存在高压回路时，会存在电解液打火，引发热失控的风险。
为此，本申请提出了一种电池单体，该电池单体可以缓解端盖被腐蚀的问题以及提升电池的密封性。
根据本申请实施例的电池单体20可以包括壳体211、端盖212a、电极液、电极组件22和阻挡件212b。
如图3、图6-图27所示，壳体211具有第一开口106，电极组件22可以通过第一开口106安装到壳体211的容纳空间中。当然，在端盖212a与壳体211连接完毕后，电极液也可以注入到壳体内部。
端盖212a可以采用强度较高的材质制成，例如端盖212a可以为金属件，同样的，壳体211也可以为金属件。
端盖212a可以覆盖第一开口106，从而端盖212a可以将第一开口106封闭，端盖212a和壳体211共同围设出一个与外界隔绝的空间，电极组件22和电解液均可以设置在该空间内。
端盖212a可以与壳体211密封连接以形成连接部211c，端盖212a可以与壳体211固定连接，由此连接部211c可以为端盖212a与壳体211固定后形成的固定连接区域。
例如，端盖212a可以与壳体211焊接固定，从而连接部211c为端盖212a可以与壳体211之间的焊缝；或者端盖212a可以与壳体211粘接固定，从而连接部211c为端盖212a可以与壳体211之间的粘接胶。
阻挡件212b可以为绝缘件，当然阻挡件212b也可以不为绝缘件，只要可以至少在一定程度上阻挡电解液进入到连接部211c即可。
阻挡件212b连接端盖212a和壳体211，并位于连接部211c朝向电池单体20内部的一侧。
也就是说，端盖212a和壳体211之间具有间隙，即使该间隙较小，阻挡件212b可以进入到端盖212a和壳体211之间的间隙内。可以在一定程度上阻隔电解液与连接部211c接触，从而降低了连接部211c被腐蚀的风险。
根据本申请实施例的电池单体20，阻挡件212b连接端盖212a和壳体211，并位于连接部211c朝向电池单体20内部的一侧。因此可以在一定程度上降低电解液与连接部211c接触的几率，或者使得连接部211c的至少部分不与电解液接触，有效缓解电解液对连接部211c的腐蚀问题，从而提高了连接部211c的可靠性，降低了电解液泄露的风险，进而也提高了电池单体20和电池的可靠性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，端盖212a具有第一连接面M1，壳体211具有第二连接面M2，第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2相对设置且连接形成连接部211c。例如，第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2的至少部分可以焊接固定，从而形成连接部211c。
端盖212a可以大体为板状结构。
阻挡件212b的至少部分设置于第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间，且位于连接部211c朝向电池单体20内部的一侧。
也就是说，第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间可能具有间隙(即使该缝隙较小，该缝隙也仍然存在)，因此阻挡件212b的至少部分设置于第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间，可以在一定程度上阻隔电解液与连接部211c接触，从而降低了连接部211c被腐蚀的风险。
阻挡件212b的至少部分设置于第一连接面M1与第二连接面M2之间，因此可以在一定程度上降低电解液与连接部211c接触的几率，或者使得连接部211c的至少部分不与电解液接触，有效缓解电解液对连接部211c的腐蚀问题，从而提高了连接部211c的可靠性，降低了电解液泄露的风险，进而也提高了电池单体20和电池的可靠性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，端盖212a与壳体211之间可以采用焊接的方式固定在一起，端盖212a与壳体211之间具有焊接区域，端盖212a与壳体211之间可以通过该焊接区域实现固定连接。
端盖212a与壳体211之间可以采用粘接的方式固定在一起，端盖212a与壳体211之间具有粘接区域，端盖212a与壳体211之间可以通过该粘接区域实现固定连接。
当然，本申请实施例的端盖212a与壳体211之间可以通过其他方式进行固定连接，对此本申请不做限定。
需要说明的是，上述的焊接区域或粘接区域可以将端盖212a与壳体211固定在一起，或者说，端盖212a与壳体211主要通过焊接区域或粘接区域固定在一起，上述的焊接区域或粘接区域可以均被称为连接部211c。
根据本申请的一些实施例，阻挡件212b的至少部分设置于第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间，且阻挡件212b设置于第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间的部分为环形结构，该环形结构沿端盖212a的周向延伸。
由于连接部211c为环形结构，因此将阻挡件212b设置于第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间的部分为沿所述端盖212a的周向延伸的环形结构，可以全方位阻隔电极液朝向连接部211c移动，进一步降低了电解液接触连接部211c的几率，从而提高了连接部211c的可靠性，降低了电解液泄露的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图14-图19所示，端盖212a具有朝向电池单体20内部的第一侧面101和背离电池单体20内部的第二侧面102，以及连接第一侧面101和第二侧面102的第一外周面103，第一连接面M1为所述第一外周面103；壳体211具有朝向电池单体20内部的内周面107，内周面107的部分形成第二连接面M2。
沿端盖212a的厚度方向，端盖212a具有第一侧面101和第二侧面102，第一侧面101朝向壳体211的内部，第二侧面102背离壳体211的内部。也就是说，在电池单体20装配完成后，第一侧面101即为端盖212a的内侧面，第二侧面102即为端盖212a的外侧面。
由此，端盖212a的至少部分伸入到壳体211内部，由此第一外周面103才可以与壳体211的内周面107连接固定，从而形成连接部211c。此时，第一连接面M1为端盖212a的第一外周面103，第二连接面M2为壳体211的内周面107的一部分。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图20-图25所示，壳体211具有背离电池单体20内部的第二外周面109和朝向所述电池单体20内部的内周面107，以及连接内周面107和第二外周面109的端面105，所述第二连接面M2为所述端面105，端盖212a具有朝向电池单体20内部的第一侧面101，第一侧面101的部分形成第一连接面M1。
端盖212a上至少与壳体211连接的部分没有伸入到壳体211内部，而是直接连接固定于壳体211的端面105上，从而形成连接部211c。此时，壳体211的靠近开口106的端面105为第二连接面M2，第一侧面101的一部分为第一连接面M1。或者说，端盖211在厚度方向上靠近壳体211内部的侧面的与端面105相对的部分为第一连接面M1。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图14-图25所示，端盖212a具有第一外周面103和背离电池单体20内部的第二侧面102，第一外周面103连接第一连接面M1和第二侧面102。
也就是说，第一连接面M1和第二侧面102可以在端盖212a的厚度方向上相对设置，第一外周面103连接第二侧面102以及第一连接面M1，同时第一连接面M1与壳体211的端面105连接固定。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图26-图27所示，端盖212a朝向电池单体20内部的一侧形成有凸出部212a1，第一连接面M1环绕凸出部212a1设置。
在上述方案中，端盖212a安装到壳体211的过程中，凸出部212a1可以先伸入到壳体211的内部，从而实现端盖212a与壳体211的初步定位，以使端盖212a与壳体211的安装位置更加精准，可使端盖212a可以更加稳定地固定于壳体211上。
可以理解的是，第一侧面101的一部分可以朝向电池单体20的内部凸出以形成上述的凸出部212a1。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图27所示，阻挡件212b的一部分(第三部分212c3)设置于凸出部212a1和壳体211的内周面107之间。
在上述方案中，阻挡件212b的一部分伸入到第一连接面M1与第二连接面M2之间，同时，阻挡件212b的一部分还设置于凸出部212a1与壳体211的内周面107之间，因此不仅位于第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间的阻挡件212b的部分可以阻挡电解液与连接部211c接触，同时凸出部212a1与壳体211的内周面107之间的阻挡件212b的部分也可以阻挡电解液与连接部211c接触，从而进一步降低了电解液接触连接部211c的几率，从而提高了连接部211c的可靠性，降低了电解液泄露的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图14-图25所示，壳体211具有端面105，端盖212a具有朝向电池单体20内部且沿端盖212a的厚度方向与端面105错开设置的第三侧面101c，第一连接面M1环绕第三侧面101c设置；阻挡件212b包括彼此连接的第一部分212c1和第二部分212c2，第一部分212c1设置于第一连接面M1与第二连接面M2之间，第二部分212c2覆盖第一侧面101的至少一部分。
在上述方案中，阻挡件212b不仅伸入到第一连接面M1与第二连接面M2之间，还覆盖第三侧面101c的一部分，由此阻挡件212b附着地更加牢固，同时也进一步提升了阻挡件212b阻隔电解液的能力，减少了电解液与连接部211c接触的几率。
另外，由于阻挡件212b覆盖第三侧面101c的至少一部分，因此也降低了电极液与端盖212a接触的几率，缓解了电解液对端盖212a的腐蚀问题。
第一连接面M1环绕第三侧面101c设置，此时第一连接面M1可以与第三侧面101c共面，当然第一连接面M1还可以与第一侧面101成一定角度，例如，第一连接面M1与第一侧面101垂直。
需要说明的是，在端盖212a的第一外周面103构造为第一连接面M1，且与壳体211的内周面107的一部分连接形成连接部211c的方案中，第三侧面101c即为端盖212a上朝向电池单体20内部的第一侧面101；在壳体211的端面105构造为第二连接面M2，第一侧面101的一部分为第一连接面M1与第二连接面M2配合以形成连接部211c的方案中，第一侧面101的另一部分为第三侧面101c。在本申请的一些实施例中，第一侧面101的外周部分为第一连接面M1，第一侧面101的中间区域为第三侧面101c，也就是说，第一连接面M1围设于第三侧面101c的外周。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图16-图19、图22-图25所示，阻挡件212b覆盖整个第三侧面101。
在上述方案中，在电池单体20倒置时，第三侧面101c不会与电解液接触，进一步降低了端盖212a被腐蚀的风险。同时，阻挡件212b的周向可以全部与壳体211的内周面107连接，从而壳体211的内周面107与端盖212a之间的间隙朝向电池单体20内部一端封闭，减少了电解液进入到该缝隙的几率，从而提升了电池单体20的密封性能。
在本申请的一些实施例中，壳体211还具有朝向壳体211内部(即，容纳空间)的内周面107，内周面107可以围设出壳体211的容纳空间以及第一开口106。
内周面107可以围设于第一侧面101，也就是说，端盖212a的一部分可以位于壳体211的内部，端盖212a可以不盖设在壳体211靠近端盖212a的端面105上，壳体211靠近端盖212a的端面可以漏出，第一侧面101的全部区域可以都位于壳体211的内部。
在本申请的一些实施例中，阻挡件212b覆盖在第三侧面101c的至少一部分，也就是说，第三侧面101c的一部分可以覆盖有阻挡件212b，或者第三侧面101c的全部都覆盖有阻挡件212b。
由此，阻挡件212b可以对第三侧面101c的至少一部分进行绝缘隔离，在端盖212a位于电池单体20的下侧时，可以减少第三侧面101c与电解液的接触面积，从而降低端盖212a被腐蚀的风险。
在本申请的一些实施例中，阻挡件212b的一部分可以伸入到第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间，阻挡件212b的一部分还可以与壳体211的内周面107(该内周面107为不与第一连接面M1相对设置的部分)接触。
由此，可以进一步降低电解液与连接部211c的接触几率，降低电解液腐蚀连接部211c的风险，进而降低了电池单体20漏液的风险。
另外，端盖212a与壳体211之间的固定连接区域(即，连接部211c)为一次密封，与内周面107连接的阻挡件212b为二次密封。提升了电池单体20的密封效果，降低了电解液泄漏的几率。
可以理解的是，阻挡件212b可以延伸到第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间的间隙中，甚至可以延伸到端盖212a与壳体211的固定连接区域(连接部211c)的空隙中。
在本申请的一些实施例中，阻挡件212b还包括第三部分212c3，第三部分可以固定于壳体211的内周面107，熔融的阻挡物料不仅可以流动至第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间，还可以流动至壳体211的内周面107。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图6-图9所示，阻挡件212b覆盖整个第三侧面101c。也就是说，第三侧面101c的全部区域都覆盖有阻挡件212b，第三侧面101c没有裸露出的地方。
由此，在电池单体20倒置时，第三侧面101c不会与电解液接触，进一步降低了端盖212a被腐蚀的风险。同时，阻挡件212b的周向可以全部与内周面107连接，从而内周面107与端盖212a之间的间隙朝向电池单体20内部一端封闭，减少了电解液经过进入到该缝隙的几率，从而提升了电池单体20的密封性能。
在根据本申请的一些实施例，阻挡件212b的熔点大于等于85°且小于等于120°。例如，阻挡件212b的熔点可以为85°、90°、95°、100°、105°、110°、115°或120°。
需要说明的是，上述阻挡件212b的熔点只是本申请的一些具体实施例，只要阻挡件212b的熔点满足上述范围，则在本申请的保护范围内。
由于阻挡件212b的熔点满足上述范围，在端盖212a与壳体211连接完毕后，一方面阻挡件212b可以在电池单体20被加热(baking)时熔融，从而熔融的阻挡物料可以流动至第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间，甚至流动至壳体211和端盖212a的固定连接区域(即，连接部211c)，对电池单体20的壳体211和端盖212a进行二次密封，另一方面，阻挡件212b不至于由于熔点过低导致电池单体20在正常使用时熔融，提高了阻挡件212b的稳定性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，阻挡件212b的熔点大于等于90°且小于等于110°。例如，阻挡件212b的熔点可以为90°、96°、102°、108°或110°。
需要说明的是，上述阻挡件212b的熔点只是本申请的一些具体实施例，只要阻挡件212b的熔点满足上述范围，则在本申请的保护范围内。
由于阻挡件212b的熔点满足上述范围，在端盖212a与壳体211连接完毕后，一方面阻挡件212b可以在电池单体20被加热(baking)时更容易熔融，从而熔融的阻挡物料可以更容易地流动至第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间，甚至流动至壳体211和端盖212a的固定连接区域(即，连接部211c)，对电池单体20的壳体211和端盖212a进行二次密封，另一方面，阻挡件212b不至于在熔点较低的情况下由于熔点过低导致电池单体20在正常使用时熔融，进一步提高了阻挡件212b的稳定性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，阻挡件212b可以包括石蜡、松香、PE蜡、聚烯烃、硬脂酸和白油中的一种或多种。由此，阻挡件212b可以在电池单体20被加热后熔融，熔融后的阻挡物料可以流动至第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间，对端盖212a与壳体211进行二次密封。
可以理解的是，阻挡件212b可以由单一材质构成，该单一材质可以为上述材质中的任一种；当然阻挡件212b还可以由上述多种材质中的两种或更多种共同组成。
根据本申请的一些实施例，阻挡件212b包括石蜡、松香、硬脂酸和PE蜡；其中，石蜡的质量占比为10％-26％，松香的质量占比为20％-37.5％，硬脂酸的质量占比为10-20％，PE蜡的质量占比为8％-11.5％。
松香内含有丰富的C＝C和-COOH官能团，可以很好的跟基材结合形成共价键，例如，基材可以为壳体211和端盖212a，通过物理共混的方式将松香加入阻挡件212b中有利于提高阻挡件212b的粘接强度。有利于降低阻挡件212b与电解液长时间接触与外壳211和/端盖212a之间产生缝隙而脱落的风险。
硬脂酸由长链烷烃构成，阻挡件212b中加入硬脂酸后，有利于使阻挡件212b更加柔软和可塑，增加其延展性和韧性，从而有利于降低阻挡件212b开裂导致电解液沿着裂缝渗透后泄露的风险。
PE蜡的平均分子量在2000至10000之间，分子量较大，主要组分为低分子量聚乙烯均聚物或共聚体，熔点通常在90℃以上。阻挡件212b中加入PE蜡后，长短链重组，分子量提高，有利于提高阻挡件212b的熔点，从而有利于降低阻挡件212b液化导致阻挡件212b脱落导致电解液泄露的风险。
在一些实施例中，在壳体211和端盖212a之间形成连接部211c的位置钻一个2mm圆孔后填入阻挡件212b，阻挡件212b可通过下述方式制备:先将石蜡、松香和PE蜡根据预设配比在100℃加热情况下加入至溶剂中混合均匀，随后在100℃加热情况下边搅拌边加入预设配比的硬脂酸，熔融均匀后得到阻挡件融液。将阻挡件融液冷却24h，得到阻挡件固体后加工适配上述2mm圆孔的待测样品。
每组取10个电池单体进行测试，测试温度为85℃，将电池在85℃的恒温环境中静置24小时后观察电池单体是否漏液、阻挡件是否开裂以及阻挡件是否液化，并统计漏液的电池单体的数量。
表1：实施例1-16以及对比例1和对比例2的电池单体的测试结果
由表1实施例1-16与对比例1和对比例2的比较可知，本申请实施例通过控制阻挡件中的石蜡、松香、硬脂酸和PE蜡的配比，使得本申请一些实施例中的石蜡、松香、硬脂酸和PE蜡相互协同，使阻挡件兼顾较高的熔点、较好的粘接性以及较高的可塑性，从而显著降低电池单体漏液的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图8-图9所示，第二部分212c2包括本体部212b1和加厚部212b2，加厚部212b2围设于本体部212b1的外周，也就是说，加厚部212b2可以沿着本体部212b1的周向延伸，加厚部212b2为围绕本体部212b1的环形结构。
在端盖212a与壳体211连接完成后，第二部分212c2可以使第一侧面101具有更好地绝缘能力和抗腐蚀能力，从而降低端盖212a被电解液腐蚀的几率。同时位于本体部212b1外周的加厚部212b2的厚度更大，也可以进一步将电解液与第三侧面101c隔离，进一步降低了端盖212a被电解液腐蚀的几率。
第三侧面101c上初始的阻挡物料在电池单体20被加热后可熔融，加厚部212b2是第三侧面101c上的初始阻挡物料熔融且移动至第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间后形成的，可以理解的是，在未对电池单体20加热前，初始的阻挡物料靠近第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间的部分的厚度要大于加厚部212b2的厚度。
端盖组件212在朝向下方时，壳体212内的电解液不仅可以被覆盖第三侧面101c的第二部分212c2阻挡，同时还可以被端盖212a与壳体211之间的固定连接区域进行阻挡，从而实现二次密封，降低了电解液泄漏的风险，提升了电池单体20的密封性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图9所示，加厚部212b2具有第一侧a以及第二侧b，第一侧a与本体部212b1连接，第二侧b与第一部分212c1连接，由第一侧a至第二侧b，加厚部212b2的厚度逐渐增大。
顾名思义，第一侧a与第二侧b间隔开，从而使加厚部212b2具有一定的宽度。
由第一侧a至第二侧b，加厚部212b2的厚度逐渐增加，也就是说，加厚部212b2靠近第一部分212c1部分的厚度相较于加厚部212b2远离第一部分212c1部分的厚度更大，也就是说，加厚部212b2越靠近第一部分212c1，则其厚度越大，由此提高了第二部分212c2的靠近第一部分212c1的部分的绝缘、隔离能力，从而可以更好地将第一侧面101与电解液隔离开，降低了端盖212a被电解液腐蚀的能力，提升电池单体20的密封性。
渐变的加厚部212b2可以使得第二部分212c2在靠近第一部分212c1的部分的阻挡性能逐渐增强，确保第三侧面101c的边缘区域的具有足够的阻挡性能，进一步降低了端盖212a被电解液腐蚀的风险。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图8所示，加厚部212b2的厚度为t，满足：0mm＜t≤3mm。例如，加厚部212b2的厚度可以为0.5mm、0.8mm、1mm、1.2mm、1.5mm、1.8mm、2mm、2.2mm、2.5mm、2.8mm、3mm。
上述加厚部212b2的厚度只是本申请的一些具体示例，只要加厚部212b2的厚度满足上述范围，均在本申请的保护范围内。
由于加厚部212b2的厚度满足上述范围，因此可以得知第三侧面101c上的初始阻挡物料靠近第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间的部分厚度更大，从而才可以在熔融物料熔融后冷却时，加厚部212b2具有足够的厚度，同时也可以使得加厚部212b2的厚度不至于过大影响电池单体20的能量密度。
当然，加厚部212b2的厚度满足上述条件，一方面可以使第二部分212c2靠近第一部分212c1的区域具有足够的阻挡性能，同时也可使第二部分212c2靠近第一部分212c1的区域厚度不至于过大、而对电池单体20的能量密度产生负面影响。
在本申请的一些实施例中，加厚部212b2环绕本体部212b1设置。也就是说，第二部分212c2的周向边缘的全部区域都为加厚部212b2，环形的加厚部212b2可以连接在第一部分212c1的周向一圈，端盖212a与壳体211的连接区域的周向的密封性得到了提升，也降低了端盖212a被电解液腐蚀的风险。
加厚部212b2的设置可以提升了第二部分212c2的周向全部区域的阻挡性能，可以进一步隔离第三侧面101c与电解液，降低电解液与第三侧面101c接触的几率，从而降低了端盖212a被电解液腐蚀的风险。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图10-图13所示，端盖212a还具有第二侧面102，第一侧面101和第二侧面102沿端盖212a的厚度方向相对设置。
端盖212a还具有第一外周面103，第一外周面103可以将第一侧面101和第二侧面102连接在一起。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第三侧面101c的边缘区域的至少部分构造为导向斜面108，也就是说，该导向斜面108不与第三侧面101c上的其他区域在同一个平面上，导向斜面108也不与第三侧面101c上的其他区域平行，而是导向斜面108相较于第三侧面101c上的其他区域倾斜。
由此，在端盖组件212处于电池单体20的下侧时，且电池单体20被加热后，初始位于第三侧面101c的阻挡物料发生熔融，第三侧面101c上的熔融的阻挡物料可以在重力的作用下通过导向斜面108朝下流动，移动至第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间。
例如，导向斜面108具有远离第一外周面103的第一端以及靠近第一外周面103的第二端，若第二侧面102整体为较为平整的平面，则由第一端至第二端，导向斜面108与第二侧面102之间的距离逐渐减小。
在本申请的一些实施例中，导向斜面108可以为平面，当然也可以为弧面，只要由第一端至第二端，导向斜面108与第二侧面102之间的距离逐渐减小即可。
在本申请的一些实施例中，导向斜面108与第一外周面103之间的夹角为钝角，也就是说，导向斜面108朝向第二侧面102倾斜。
在上述方案中，一方面可使熔融的阻挡物料可以较为平缓地流动，使得阻挡件212b可以更加稳定地流动到第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间，可以将第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间的间隙更好地封堵，另一方面还可使熔融的阻挡物料具有足够的流动速度，提升了阻挡件212b流动到第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间的效率。
需要说明的是，在端盖212a的第一外周面103构造为第一连接面M1，且与壳体211的内周面107的一部分连接形成连接部211c的方案中，第三侧面101c上的熔融阻挡物料可以通过导向斜面108流动至第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2；在壳体211的端面105构造为第二连接面M2，第一侧面101的一部分为与第二连接面M2配合的第一连接面M1的方案中，在端盖212a与壳体211的端面105连接的实施例中，第一侧面101的至少部分朝向电池单体20的内部凸出以形成凸出部212a1，导向斜面108可以为凸出部212a1的周面。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图10所示，导向斜面108可以环绕所述端盖212a设置，并形成环形区域。由此，在电池单体20被加热时，初始位于第三侧面101c的阻挡物料可以更加均匀地移动至第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间，从而形成本申请的阻挡件212b，提升端盖212a与壳体20的密封性。
导向斜面108可以环绕涂覆区101b，还可以进一步降低端盖212a的物料，降低端盖212a的制造成本。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图11和图13所示，第三侧面101c的边缘区域设置有第一凹槽104a，第一凹槽104a的一端延伸至第一连接面M1，第一凹槽104a的槽底面的至少部分构造为导向斜面108。也就是说，第三侧面101c的边缘区域不是整体做成倾斜的斜面，而是第三侧面101c的边缘区域的一部分朝向第二侧面102凹陷，从而形成第一凹槽104a。
第一凹槽104a可以将第三侧面101c上熔融的阻挡物料导入到第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间，第一凹槽104a可以存储一定量的熔融阻挡物料，因此壳体211的内周面107上与第一凹槽104a正对的区域的被阻挡物料涂覆的区域相较于阻挡物料涂覆在内周面107的其他区域的高度要大，从而至少在一定程度上提升了端盖212a与壳体211之间的密封效果。
可以理解的是，壳体211的内周面上不与第一凹槽104a正对的区域，其与端盖212a之间具有与第一凹槽104a连通的间隙，从第一凹槽104a流出的熔融物料通过该间隙将壳体211的内周面107上不与第一凹槽104a正对的区域涂覆。
由于第三侧面101c的边缘区域并非整体都是倾斜面，因此熔融物料的流动更加集中，熔融物料更容易通过第一凹槽104a到达第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间。降低了由于第三侧面101c的边缘区域整体过大导致熔融的物料不容易流动到第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间的情形的几率。
在第一侧面101的边缘区域设置第一凹槽104a还可以显著降低端盖212a的用料，降低端盖212a的制造成本。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图10-图11所示，第一凹槽104a为多个，多个第一凹槽104a沿端盖212a的周向间隔设置。由此，在阻挡物料熔融后，涂覆区101c上的熔融物料可以均匀地流向第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间，提高了端盖212a与壳体211的内周面107之间的密封均匀性。
当然，通过在第一侧面101的边缘区域上设置多个第一凹槽104a，可以进一步降低端盖212a的用料，降低端盖212a的制造成本。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图11和图13所示，第三侧面101c设置有第二凹槽104b，第一凹槽104a远离第一连接面M1的一端与第二凹槽104b连通。初始的阻挡物料可以存储在第二凹槽104b内，且第二凹槽104b内的阻挡物料的厚度相较于第三侧面101c其他区域的阻挡物料的厚度大，因此在电池单体20被加热后，第二凹槽104b内的阻挡物料熔融后的物料量可以支持其流动至第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间，确保端盖212a与壳体211之间具有良好的密封性能。
当然，通过设置第二凹槽104b，可以进一步降低端盖212a的用料，降低端盖212a的制造成本。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图11和图13所示，第一凹槽104a的槽底面连接第二凹槽104b的槽底面和第一连接面M1。由此，初始的阻挡物料位于第二凹槽104b内的部分在电池单体20被加热且被熔融后，可以非常容易地流经第一凹槽104a的槽底面并到达第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间。
熔融的阻挡物料可以从第一侧面101流动至壳体211的内周面107，甚至熔融的阻挡物料可以流动至第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图10-图11所示，第二凹槽104b为沿第三侧面的周向延伸的环形凹槽。由此，初始的阻挡物料在第二凹槽104b内的部分可以在熔融后具有足够的物料量、进而可以沿周向流动至第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间，使得端盖212a与壳体211之间的密封性能得到进一步提升。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图13所示，导向斜面108与第一连接面M1之间的夹角为α，满足：110°≤α≤170°例如，α可以为110°、115°、120°、125°、130°、135°、140°、145°、150°、155°、160°、165°或170°。
上述α的数值只是本申请实施例的一些具体示例，只要导向斜面108与第一连接面M1之间的夹角满足上述范围均在本申请的保护范围内。
由于导向斜面108与第一连接面M1之间的夹角满足上述范围，因此一方面，第三侧面101c上初始的阻挡物料在熔融后可以较为容易地流动到第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间，另一方面，也不至于使得到导向斜面108的倾斜角度过大导致端盖212a的外周缘的结构强度较差。
当然导向斜面108与第一连接面M1之间的夹角满足上述范围，还可以降低端盖212a的重量以及端盖212a的制造成本。
下面简单描述本申请实施例的电池100。
根据本申请实施例的电池100包括上述的电池单体20。由于根据本申请实施例的电池100设置有上述的电池单体20，因此该电池100的端盖212a的抗腐蚀能力更强，有效降低端盖212a被电解液腐蚀的风险，同时还可以降低电池100出现电解液泄漏的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，端盖212a位于壳体211沿重力方向的下方。由此，在电池单体20倒置且进行高温烘烤时，熔融的阻挡物料可以在重力的作用下流动至连接部211c面向电池单体20内部的一侧，进而降低了电解液与连接部211c接触的几率。
下面简单描述本申请实施例的用电设备。
根据本申请实施例的用电设备包括上述实施例的电池单体20或者上述实施例中的电池100。由于根据本申请实施例的用电设备设置有上述的电池单体20或者电池，因此该用电设备的供电稳定性得到了提升。
如图28所示，下面详细描述本申请实施例的电池单体20的制造方法。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中的初始的阻挡物料指的是如图4-图5中所示的未熔融前的阻挡件212b。
S1：提供端盖组件212，端盖组件212包括端盖212a和初始的阻挡件212b。阻挡件212b位于端盖212a在厚度方向的一个侧面。如图4-图5所示，端盖212a具有第一侧面101和第二侧面102，第一侧面101和第二侧面102沿端盖212a的厚度方向相对设置。端盖212a还具有第一外周面103，第一外周面103可以将第一侧面101和第二侧面102连接在一起。初始的阻挡件212b可以设置于第一侧面101。
需要说明的是，该端盖组件212中的初始的阻挡件212b在对电池单体20进行加热后可以熔融。
S2：提供壳体211，壳体211具有第一开口。
S3：提供电极组件22，将电极组件22装入壳体211内。
当然，电极组件22可以通过第一开口进入到壳体211内部。在该步骤前或后，也可以将电解液注入到壳体211内部。
S4：将端盖组件212盖设于第一开口106，使得初始的阻挡件212b面向壳体211的内部；
S5：连接端盖212a和壳体211，以形成装配体。
可以选择的是，端盖212a与壳体211可以通过焊接的方式固定在一起。端盖212a与壳体211的焊缝(也即，连接部211c)可以位于端盖212a与壳体211之间的靠近外侧的部分。
S6：加热装配体，使初始的阻挡件212b熔融并连接端盖212a和壳体211。
由此，阻挡件212b可以至少部分进入到端盖212a和壳体211之间，在一定程度上阻挡电解液，降低了电解液与连接部211c接触的几率。端盖212a与壳体211不仅可以通过二者的固定连接区域进行一次密封，同时端盖212a与壳体211之间可以通过阻挡件212b进行二次密封。
S7：冷却装配体，使得阻挡件212b固化。
温度降低后，熔融的阻挡物料会变硬固化并形成阻挡件212b，从而流动到端盖212a和壳体211之间的阻挡件212b会将端盖212a与壳体211的内周面之间的缝隙密封，阻挡电解液与连接部211c接触。
S8：将电解液注入到壳体211内部。
根据本申请实施例的电池单体20的制造方法，可以在将电极组件22装入到壳体211内部，通过对装配体进行加热，使得熔融的阻挡件212b流动至端盖212a与壳体211之间，从而至少在一定程度上阻挡电解液，减少电解液与连接部211c的接触几率，从而降低了电池单体20漏液的现象发生。
另外，固化后的阻挡件212b可以将第三侧面101c完全遮挡，即使端盖组件212设置于电池单体20的下方，第三侧面101c也不会与电解液接触，从而降低了端盖212a被电解液腐蚀的风险。
在端盖组件212与壳体211装配在一起且形成装配体后，对装配体进行加热，此时初始的阻挡物料熔融，熔融的阻挡物料可以扩散至第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间，从而不仅端盖212a与壳体211之间可以通过固定连接区域进行一次密封，同时固化后的阻挡物料可以延伸至第一连接面M1和第二连接面M2之间，从而可以减少电解液对连接部211c的接触几率，降低了连接部211c被腐蚀的可能性，对端盖212a与壳体211之间进行二次密封，从而进一步提升电池单体20的密封性能，进一步减少电池单体20内的电解液泄漏的风险，提升了电池单体的可靠性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，在加热装配体时，端盖组件212朝向下方。由此，第三侧面101c上熔融的阻挡物料可以在重力的作用下朝向端盖212a与壳体211之间流动，从而初始的阻挡物料在冷却后可以扩散至端盖212a与壳体211之间，从而至少在一定程度上阻挡电解液，减少电解液与连接部211c的接触几率，从而降低了电池单体20漏液的现象发生。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (27)

  1. 一种电池单体，其特征在于，包括：
    壳体，具有第一开口；
    端盖，覆盖所述第一开口，所述端盖和所述壳体密封连接形成连接部；
    电解液，设置于所述壳体内；
    电极组件，设置于所述壳体内；
    阻挡件，连接所述端盖和所述壳体，并位于所述连接部面向所述电池单体内部的一侧。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述端盖具有第一连接面，所述壳体具有第二连接面，所述第一连接面和所述第二连接面相对设置且连接形成所述连接部，所述阻挡件的至少部分设置于所述第一连接面和所述第二连接面之间。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述阻挡件设置于所述第一连接面和所述第二连接面之间的部分为沿所述端盖的周向延伸的环形结构。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述端盖具有朝向所述电池单体内部的第一侧面和背离所述电池单体内部的第二侧面，以及连接所述第一侧面和所述第二侧面的第一外周面，所述第一连接面为所述第一外周面；所述壳体具有朝向所述电池单体内部的内周面，所述内周面的部分形成所述第二连接面。
  5. 根据权利要求2或3所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述壳体具有背离所述电池单体内部的第二外周面和朝向所述电池单体内部的内周面，以及连接所述内周面和所述第二外周面的端面，所述第二连接面为所述端面，所述端盖具有朝向所述电池单体内部的第一侧面，所述第一侧面的部分形成所述第一连接面。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述第一侧面形成有凸出部，所述第一连接面环绕所述凸出部设置。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述阻挡件的一部分设置于所述凸出部和所述壳体的内周面之间。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述壳体具有端面，所述端盖具有朝向所述电池单体内部且沿所述端盖的厚度方向与所述端面错开设置的第三侧面，所述第一连接面环绕所述第三侧面设置；
    所述阻挡件包括彼此连接的第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分设置于所述第一连接面与第二连接面之间，所述第二部分覆盖所述第三侧面的至少一部分。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述阻挡件覆盖整个所述第三侧面。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述第二部分包括本体部和加厚部，所述加厚部围设于所述本体部的外周；
    沿所述端盖的厚度方向，所述加厚部的最大厚度大于所述本体部的最大厚度。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述加厚部具有与所述本体部连接的第一侧和与所述第一部分连接的第二侧，由所述第一侧至所述第二侧，所述加厚部的厚度逐渐增大。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述加厚部的最大厚度为t，且满足：0mm＜t≤3mm。
  13. 根据权利要求8-12中任一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述第三侧面的边缘区域的至少部分构造为导向斜面。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述导向斜面与所述第一连接面的夹角为钝角。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述导向斜面环绕所述端盖设置，并形成环形区域。
  16. 根据权利要求13-15中任一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述第三侧面的边缘区域设置有第一凹槽，所述第一凹槽的一端延伸至所述第一连接面，所述第一凹槽的槽底壁的至少部分构造为所述导向斜面。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述第一凹槽为多个，多个所述第一凹槽沿所述端盖的周向间隔设置。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述第三侧面还设置有第二凹槽，所述第二凹槽设置于所述第一凹槽远离所述第一连接面的一端，并与所述第一凹槽连通。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述第二凹槽为沿所述第三侧面的周向延伸的环形凹槽。
  20. 根据权利要求1-19中任一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述阻挡件的熔点大于等于85℃且小于等于120℃。
  21. 根据权利要求1-20中任一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述阻挡件包括石蜡、松香、PE蜡、聚烯烃、硬脂酸和白油中的一种或多种。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述阻挡件包括石蜡、松香、硬脂酸和PE蜡；
    其中，石蜡的质量占比为10％-26％，松香的质量占比为20％-37.5％，硬脂酸的质量占比为10-20％，PE蜡的质量占比为8％-11.5％。
  23. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-22中任一项所述的电池单体。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的电池，其特征在于，所述端盖位于所述壳体沿重力方向的下方。
  25. 一种用电设备，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-22任一项所述的电池单体或权利要求23或24所述电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
  26. 一种电池单体的制造方法，其特征在于，包括：
    提供端盖组件，所述端盖包括端盖以及阻挡件，所述阻挡件设置于所述端盖在厚度方向的一个侧面；
    提供壳体，所述壳体具有第一开口；
    提供电极组件，将所述电极组件装入所述壳体内；
    将所述端盖组件盖设于所述第一开口，使所述阻挡件面向所述壳体的内部；
    连接所述端盖和所述壳体以形成装配体；
    加热所述装配体，使所述阻挡件熔融并连接所述端盖和所述壳体；
    冷却所述装配体，使所述阻挡件固化；
    将电解液注入所述壳体内部。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的电池单体的制造方法，其特征在于，加热所述装配体时，使所述端盖组件朝向下方。
PCT/CN2024/134260 2024-05-09 2024-11-25 电池单体及其制造方法、电池和用电设备 Pending WO2025232149A1 (zh)

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