WO2025232011A1 - 电池单体、电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池及用电装置

Info

Publication number
WO2025232011A1
WO2025232011A1 PCT/CN2024/109889 CN2024109889W WO2025232011A1 WO 2025232011 A1 WO2025232011 A1 WO 2025232011A1 CN 2024109889 W CN2024109889 W CN 2024109889W WO 2025232011 A1 WO2025232011 A1 WO 2025232011A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery cell
housing
battery
restraining
restraint
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/109889
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
苏华圣
柯海波
黄守君
郑于炼
王鹏
金海族
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Publication of WO2025232011A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025232011A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/14—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors
    • H01M50/143—Fireproof; Explosion-proof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • H01M50/264—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks for cells or batteries, e.g. straps, tie rods or peripheral frames
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This application belongs to the field of battery technology, and in particular relates to a battery cell, a battery, and an electrical device.
  • this application provides a battery cell, a battery, and an electrical device that can reduce the risk of the casing cracking due to a rapid increase in air pressure inside the cavity and improve the reliability of the battery cell.
  • this application provides a battery cell including a housing, an electrode assembly, and a restraining member.
  • the housing has a cavity
  • the electrode assembly is disposed in the cavity
  • the restraining member surrounds at least a portion of the housing to provide an expansion restraining force to the housing.
  • a restraining member is provided around at least a portion of the outer casing to provide an expansion restraining force to the outer casing when the battery cell experiences thermal runaway, thereby suppressing the deformation of the outer casing during the thermal runaway of the battery cell, reducing the risk of the outer casing cracking due to a rapid increase in air pressure inside the cavity, and improving the reliability of the battery cell.
  • the restraint members enclose a restraint space
  • the outer shell is disposed within the restraint space
  • the restraint members extend along...
  • the circumferential restraint is applied to the outer casing.
  • the housing includes a shell and an end cap.
  • the shell has a cavity and an opening communicating with the cavity in a first direction.
  • the end cap closes to the opening and seals the cavity.
  • two or more restraining members are spaced apart along a first direction and press against the casing circumferentially. This allows the casing to be restrained circumferentially in different regions along the first direction by the two or more restraining members, thereby reducing the risk of the casing side exploding in the event of thermal runaway of a single battery cell.
  • two or more restraining members are spaced apart along a second direction and circumferentially pressed against the housing and end cap, the second direction intersecting the first direction. This allows the housing and end cap to be restrained circumferentially at different connection areas along the second direction by two or more restraining members, thereby reducing the risk of separation between the housing and end cap in the event of thermal runaway of a single battery cell.
  • some restraining members are disposed circumferentially against the housing, and some restraining members are disposed circumferentially against the housing and the end cap.
  • the restraint member is configured as a restraint strap, which surrounds to form a restraint space and is disposed against the housing in a circumferential direction to circumferentially restrain the housing.
  • the restraint straps are wrapped around the outer casing once, or the restraint straps overlap and wrap around the outer casing more than twice, to meet the requirements for restraining the outer casing and the strength requirements of the external structure of the battery cell.
  • the restraint member is configured as an elastic sleeve, which includes an end face and a side face surrounding the end face.
  • the end face and the side face enclose a restraint space, and the elastic sleeve restrains the outer shell circumferentially by pressing the side face against the outer shell in the circumferential direction.
  • the housing is further provided with a pressure relief mechanism, which is connected to the cavity.
  • the restraint member is arranged to avoid the pressure relief mechanism so that in the event of thermal runaway, the battery cell can be depressurized in a directional manner through the pressure relief mechanism, thereby improving the reliability of the battery cell.
  • the protrusion distance of the surface of the restraint member opposite to the cavity relative to the outer shell is 0.2 mm to 1 mm. It can provide a certain level of strength, reduce the space occupied by the battery, and increase the energy density of the battery.
  • embodiments of this application provide a battery, including the battery cell of the first aspect.
  • embodiments of this application provide an electrical device including a battery as described in the second aspect, the battery being used to provide electrical energy.
  • a battery cell is surrounded by a restraining member in at least a portion of the outer casing.
  • the restraining member provides an expansion restraining force to the outer casing to suppress the deformation of the outer casing during thermal runaway of the battery cell.
  • the overall structural strength of the battery cell can be improved, thereby further reducing the risk of the outer casing cracking due to a rapid increase in air pressure inside the cavity and improving the reliability of the battery cell.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the vehicle structure provided in some embodiments of this application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of a battery provided in some embodiments of this application.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of this application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery cell provided in some other embodiments of this application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of this application.
  • Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of this application from another angle.
  • X is the second direction
  • Z is the first direction
  • the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, “above,” “on top of,” and “over” the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below,” “below,” and “under” the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.
  • Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power, and solar power plants, but are also widely used in electric bicycles. Electric vehicles such as electric motorcycles and electric cars, as well as military equipment and aerospace, are among the many fields where power batteries are used. As the application areas of power batteries continue to expand, the market demand for them is also constantly increasing.
  • this application provides a battery cell in which at least part of the battery cell casing is surrounded by a restraining member to provide an expansion restraining force to the casing, so that the casing can withstand the gas pressure generated during thermal runaway of the battery cell.
  • Electrical devices can include vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys, and power tools.
  • Vehicles can be gasoline-powered cars, natural gas-powered cars, or new energy vehicles; new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or range-extended electric vehicles.
  • Spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft.
  • Electric toys include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys.
  • Power tools include metal cutting power tools, grinding power tools, assembly power tools, and railway power tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, and electric planers. This application does not impose any special limitations on the above-mentioned electrical devices.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of this application.
  • a battery 100 is installed inside the vehicle, and the battery 100 can be located at the bottom, front, or rear of the vehicle.
  • the battery 100 can be used to power the vehicle, for example, it can serve as the vehicle's operating power source.
  • the vehicle may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300, the controller 200 being used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300, for example, to meet the power needs of the vehicle during starting, navigation, and driving.
  • FIG 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of the battery 100 provided in some embodiments of this application.
  • the battery 100 mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module comprising one or more battery cells 10 to provide higher voltage and capacity, wherein a battery cell 10 is the smallest unit constituting the battery 100.
  • the battery 100 generally also includes a battery housing 20 for encapsulating one or more battery cells 10.
  • the battery housing 20 can prevent liquids or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells 10.
  • Multiple battery cells 10 can be connected in series, parallel, or in a hybrid manner via connectors.
  • a hybrid connection means that multiple battery cells 10 can be connected in both series and parallel configurations. Multiple battery cells 10 can be directly connected in series, parallel, or in a hybrid manner, and then the entire assembly of the multiple battery cells 10 can be housed within the battery casing 20. Alternatively, multiple battery cells 10 can first be connected in series, parallel, or in a hybrid manner to form a battery module 100, and then the multiple battery modules can be connected in series, parallel, or in a hybrid manner via connectors to form a whole, which is then housed within the battery casing 20.
  • the battery cell 10 can be a secondary battery or a primary battery.
  • a secondary battery refers to a battery cell that can be recharged after discharge to activate the active materials and continue to be used.
  • Battery cells include, but are not limited to, lithium-ion battery cells, sodium-ion battery cells, sodium-lithium-ion battery cells, lithium metal battery cells, sodium metal battery cells, lithium-sulfur battery cells, magnesium-ion battery cells, nickel-metal hydride battery cells, nickel-cadmium battery cells, lead-acid battery cells, etc.
  • the battery cell 10 can be a cylindrical battery cell, a prismatic battery cell, a pouch battery cell, or a battery cell of other shapes, but is not limited thereto.
  • Prismatic battery cells include prismatic battery cells, blade-shaped battery cells, and multi-prismatic batteries, such as hexagonal prismatic batteries.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery cell 10 provided in some embodiments of this application.
  • This application provides a battery cell 10, including a housing 1, an electrode assembly, and a restraining member 2.
  • the housing 1 has a cavity, the electrode assembly is disposed in the cavity, and the restraining member 2 surrounds at least a portion of the housing 1 to provide an expansion restraining force to the housing 1.
  • the battery cell 10 provided in this application embodiment has a restraining member 2 surrounding at least a portion of the outer casing 1.
  • the restraining member 2 provides an expansion restraining force to the outer casing 1 to suppress the deformation of the outer casing 1 during thermal runaway of the battery cell 10.
  • the overall structural strength of the battery cell 10 can be improved, thereby further reducing the risk of the outer casing 1 cracking due to a rapid increase in air pressure inside the cavity and improving the reliability of the battery cell 10.
  • the outer shell 1 is used to form an internal environment, which can be used to accommodate electrode components, electrolyte, and other components.
  • the outer shell 1 can have various shapes and sizes, such as cuboid, cylindrical, hexagonal prism, etc. Specifically, the shape of the outer shell 1 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electrode components.
  • the outer casing 1 can be made of various materials, specifically metal materials, such as steel, to withstand the temperature generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cell 10, and also to give the outer casing 1 itself a certain strength to partially withstand the gas pressure generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cell 10.
  • the restraint member 2 surrounds at least a portion of the outer casing 1 and provides an expansion restraint force to the outer casing 1. This means that, for a portion of the battery cell 10, due to the limited strength of the outer casing 1, when the battery cell 10 experiences thermal runaway, the outer casing 1 may... Since expansion deformation occurs in the direction away from the cavity, by surrounding the side of the outer shell 1 away from the cavity with a restraining member 2, the expansion of the outer shell 1 can be suppressed to a certain extent. Furthermore, by combining the restraining member 2 with the outer shell 1 to form the outer layer structure of the battery cell 10, the overall structural strength of the battery cell 10 can be improved. The restraining member 2 and the outer shell 1 work together to withstand the gas pressure generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cell 10, thereby further reducing the risk of the outer shell 1 cracking and improving the reliability of the battery cell 10.
  • the restraint 2 can be made of non-metallic materials to improve structural strength while reducing the weight of the battery cell 10, making it easier to promote and apply.
  • the restraint component 2 is an insulating component, meaning that the entire restraint component 2 is made of insulating material, such as rubber or plastic.
  • the restraint component 2 has good insulation properties, thereby reducing the risk of short circuits in the battery cell 10 caused by the restraint component 2.
  • the restraint member 2 encloses to form a restraint space, the outer shell 1 is disposed within the restraint space, and the restraint member 2 is disposed against the outer shell 1 in a circumferential direction.
  • the binding member 2 By placing the outer shell 1 within the binding space formed by the binding member 2, the binding member 2 can be set at least around the periphery of the outer shell 1, thereby binding the outer shell 1 in a circumferential manner through the binding member 2, which strengthens the overall structural strength of the external structure of the battery casing 11, makes it easier to set the binding member 2, and also allows the binding member 2 to simultaneously press against multiple surfaces of the outer shell 1 in a circumferential direction, making the binding force on the outer shell 1 more uniform and stable.
  • the number of restraints 2 is two or more, and the two or more restraints 2 respectively surround different areas of the outer shell 1 to locally reinforce the weak areas of the outer shell 1, improve the overall structural strength of the battery cell 10, and further reduce the risk of the battery cell 10 cracking from the weak areas of the outer shell 1 when thermal runaway occurs.
  • the housing 1 mainly includes a housing 11 and an end cap 12.
  • the housing 11 and the end cap 12 can be independent components.
  • the housing 11 has a cavity to form the internal environment of the electrode assembly.
  • the housing 11 is provided with an opening along the first direction Z.
  • End cap 12 refers to a component that covers the opening of housing 11 to isolate the internal environment of battery cell 10 from the external environment.
  • the shape of end cap 12 can be adapted to the shape of housing 11 to fit it.
  • end cap 12 can be made of a material with a certain degree of hardness and strength, so that end cap 12 is less prone to deformation under pressure and impact, enabling battery cell 10 to have higher structural strength and improved safety performance.
  • two or more restraints 2 are respectively pressed against the housing 11 and/or the end cap 12. Since in practical applications, the weakest areas of the outer casing 1 and the main stress areas during thermal runaway are the battery housing 11 and the connection between the battery housing 11 and the end cap 12, by pressing two or more restraints 2 against the housing 11 and/or the end cap 12, the battery housing 11 and the connection between the housing 11 and the end cap 12 can be restrained, thereby reducing the risk of the housing 11 bursting open on the side or the housing 11 separating from the end cap 12 when the battery cell 10 experiences thermal runaway, and improving the reliability of the battery cell 10.
  • the specific arrangement of the restraint member 2 can be adjusted according to the actual stress on the battery cell 10.
  • two or more restraint members 2 are spaced apart along the first direction Z and are arranged to press against the housing 11 in the circumferential direction. That is, by restraining the strength of different regions of the housing 11 along the first direction Z by two or more restraint members 2 in the circumferential direction, the risk of the side of the housing 11 exploding when the battery cell 10 experiences thermal runaway is reduced.
  • two or more binding members 2 can be set with different structural strengths, such as different thicknesses or made of different materials, so as to provide different sizes of expansion binding force to different regions of the shell 11 along the first direction Z in a more targeted manner, thereby improving the overall structural strength of the battery cell 10.
  • the number of restraint members 2 can be set to two and evenly distributed on the housing 11 along the first direction Z.
  • the number of restraint members 2 can also be set to three, five or even more, and the specific number of restraint members 2 can also be adjusted according to the dimension of each restraint member 2 along the first direction Z and the dimension of the housing 11 along the first direction Z.
  • FIG 4 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery cell 10 provided in some other embodiments of this application.
  • two or more restraining members 2 are spaced apart along a second direction X and are arranged to press against the housing 11 and the end cap 12 in a circumferential direction, the second direction X intersecting the first direction Z. That is, by restraining different connection areas of the housing 11 and the end cap 12 along the second direction X by two or more restraining members 2 in a circumferential direction, the risk of separation of the housing 11 and the end cap 12 in the event of thermal runaway of the battery cell 10 can be reduced.
  • the number of restraint members 2 can be set to two and evenly distributed along the second direction X on the end cap 12 to reinforce the connection between the housing 11 and the end cap 12.
  • the number of restraint members 2 can also be set to three, five or even more, and the specific number of restraint members 2 can be adjusted according to the dimension of each restraint member 2 along the second direction X and the dimension of the housing 11 or the end cap 12 along the second direction X.
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery cell 10 provided in some embodiments of this application.
  • some restraining members 2 are arranged to press against the housing 11 in the circumferential direction, and some restraining members 2 are arranged to press against the housing 11 and the end cap 12 in the circumferential direction.
  • the restraint member 2 is divided into a first restraint member 2a and a second restraint member 2b.
  • the first restraint member 2a is disposed to press against the housing 11 in the circumferential direction
  • the second restraint member 2b is disposed to press against the housing 11 and the end cap 12 in the circumferential direction.
  • the number of first restraint members 2a is two or more, and the two or more first restraint members 2a are distributed at intervals along the first direction Z, and/or the number of second restraint members 2b is two or more, and the two or more second restraint members 2b are distributed at intervals along the second direction X. That is, by increasing the number of first restraint members 2a and second restraint members 2b, the expansion restraint force on the housing 11 itself and the connection between the housing 11 and the end cap 12 is further increased, the risk of the housing 11 bursting open from the side and the housing 11 separating from the end cap 12 is further reduced, and the reliability of the battery cell 10 is improved.
  • the number of first restraint members 2a can be set to two and evenly distributed on the housing 11 along the first direction Z
  • the number of second restraint members 2b can also be set to two and evenly distributed on the end cap 12 along the second direction X, with the first restraint members 2a and the second restraint members 2b intersecting each other.
  • FIG. 6 shows a structural schematic diagram of the battery cell 10 provided in some embodiments of this application from another angle.
  • a pressure relief mechanism 3 is also provided on the outer casing 1, the pressure relief mechanism 3 is connected to the cavity, and the restraint member 2 is disposed to avoid the pressure relief mechanism 3.
  • pressure relief mechanism 3 By providing a pressure relief mechanism 3 on the outer casing 1, pressure can be released when the internal air pressure of the battery cell 10 increases rapidly due to thermal runaway, thereby reducing the risk of the battery cell 10 exploding. Furthermore, by ensuring that the restraint member 2 avoids the pressure relief mechanism 3, the impact of the restraint member 2 on the pressure relief mechanism 3 is reduced, allowing the pressure relief mechanism 3 to open and release pressure normally.
  • the compressive strength of the external structure of the battery cell 10 should be greater than the opening pressure of the pressure relief mechanism 3, so that in the event of thermal runaway, the battery cell 10 can be depressurized in a directional manner through the pressure relief mechanism 3, thereby improving the reliability of the battery cell 10.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 3 can be configured as an explosion-proof valve.
  • the binding member 2 is set as a binding strap, which surrounds to form the binding space and is disposed against the outer shell 1 in the circumferential direction.
  • the restraining member 2 can be configured as a restraining strap, which is wrapped around the periphery of the outer casing 1 of the battery cell 10 in a circumferential direction to restrain the casing 1.
  • the restraining strap should be positioned to avoid the pressure relief mechanism 3, thereby increasing the overall structural strength of the battery cell 10 while achieving directional pressure relief.
  • the restraint 2 When the restraint 2 is set as a restraint strap, it can be wrapped around the outer shell 1 once or multiple times according to the structural strength requirements of the battery cell 10. The number of wrappings can be adjusted according to the actual structure of the battery cell 10, as long as it can meet the restraint requirements of the outer shell 1 and the strength requirements of the external structure of the battery cell 10.
  • the binding strap can be made of carbon fiber, nylon, polypropylene, etc.
  • carbon fiber filaments, nylon cable ties, etc. By using carbon fiber filaments, nylon cable ties, etc., the weight of the battery cell 10 can be reduced while enhancing strength, making it more convenient for practical applications.
  • the restraint 2 can also be set as other conventional replacements, such as setting the restraint 2 as a frame, which surrounds the battery cell 10 to restrain the outer casing 1 in the circumferential direction.
  • the restraint member 2 can be set as an elastic sleeve, which includes an end face and a side face surrounding the end face.
  • the end face and the side face enclose a restraint space, and the elastic sleeve presses against the outer shell 1 in the circumferential direction through the side face.
  • the restraint member 2 can also be configured as an elastic sleeve, which includes an end face and a side face.
  • the end face of the elastic sleeve can be made to cooperate with the end cap 12 of the housing 1
  • the side face of the elastic sleeve can be made to cooperate with the housing 11 of the housing 1, so as to provide an expansion restraint force to the housing 11.
  • a vent can be provided at the corresponding position on the end face and/or side of the elastic sleeve to expose the pressure relief mechanism 3 through the vent, thereby increasing the overall structural strength of the battery cell 10 while achieving directional pressure relief.
  • the protrusion distance of the restraint member 2 relative to the outer shell 1 on the side of the cavity facing away from the cavity is 0.2 mm to 1 mm.
  • the protrusion distance of the restraining member 2 relative to the outer shell 1 on the surface opposite to the cavity refers to the thickness of the restraining member 2.
  • the outer shell 1 includes a housing 11 and an end cap 12; therefore, for the housing 11, it refers to the protrusion distance of the restraining member 2 relative to the housing 11 on the surface opposite to the cavity.
  • the end cap 12 includes a cover and functional components such as electrode terminals and injection holes disposed on the cover, for the end cap 12, it refers to the protrusion distance of the restraining member 2 relative to the cover on the surface opposite to the cavity.
  • the thickness of the restraint member 2 By making the thickness of the restraint member 2 greater than or equal to 0.2 mm, a certain strength effect can be achieved to better meet the structural strength requirements of the battery cell 10. By making the thickness of the restraint member 2 less than or equal to 1 mm, the space occupied by the battery can be reduced, thereby increasing the energy density of the battery 100.
  • the battery cell 10 in this embodiment includes a housing 1, an electrode assembly, a restraint member 2, and a pressure relief mechanism 3 disposed on the housing 1.
  • the housing 1 includes a shell 11 and an end cap 12.
  • the restraint member 2 is a restraint strap, which is disposed around the pressure relief mechanism 3 and wrapped around the periphery of the housing 1.
  • the restraining member 2 includes a first restraining member 2a and a second restraining member 2b. There are two first restraining members 2a, spaced apart along the first direction Z and pressing against the housing 11 circumferentially. There are also two second restraining members 2b, spaced apart along the second direction X and pressing against the housing 11 and the end cap 12 circumferentially.
  • the housing 11 can be circumferentially restrained, and the connection between the housing 11 and the end cap 12 can also be restrained circumferentially, thereby enhancing the overall structural strength of the battery cell 10, reducing the risk of the housing 11 bursting open from the side and the housing 11 separating from the end cap 12, and achieving directional pressure relief.
  • this application also provides a battery 100, including a battery cell 10 of any of the above schemes.
  • this application also provides an electrical device including a battery 100 of any of the above schemes, and the battery 100 is used to provide electrical energy to the electrical device.
  • the electrical device can be any of the aforementioned devices or systems that use battery 100.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池单体（10）、电池（100）及用电装置，电池单体（10）包括外壳（1）、电极组件以及束缚件（2），外壳（1）具有空腔，电极组件设置于空腔，束缚件（2）包围外壳（1）的至少部分，以向外壳（1）提供膨胀束缚力，来抑制外壳（1）在电池单体（10）热失控时产生的变形，还能够提高电池单体（10）的整体结构强度，从而降低外壳（1）因空腔内气压迅速增加而裂开的风险，提高电池单体（10）的可靠性。

Description

电池单体、电池及用电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2024年05月07日提交的名称为“电池单体、电池及用电装置”的中国专利申请202420969145.1的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请属于电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种电池单体、电池及用电装置。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
随着电池能量密度越来越高，电池单体热失控产生的热量越来越大，现有的电池单体的外壳难以承受住热失控所产生的温度及气压，造成外壳裂开甚至炸开的情况。因此，如何提高电池单体的结构强度就成为亟待解决的一项问题。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请提供一种电池单体、电池及用电装置，能够降低外壳因空腔内气压迅速增加而裂开的风险，提高电池单体的可靠性。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种电池单体，包括外壳、电极组件以及束缚件，外壳具有空腔，电极组件设置于空腔，束缚件包围外壳的至少部分，以向外壳提供膨胀束缚力。
本申请实施例中，在外壳的至少部分包围设置有束缚件，以在电池单体热失控时，通过束缚件向外壳提供膨胀束缚力，来抑制外壳在电池单体热失控时产生的变形，从而降低外壳因空腔内气压迅速增加而裂开的风险，提高电池单体的可靠性。
在一些实施例中，束缚件围合形成束缚空间，外壳设置于束缚空间内，束缚件沿 环向抵压于外壳设置。通过将外壳设置于束缚件围合形成的束缚空间内，使得束缚件能够至少围设于外壳的周侧设置，从而能够通过束缚件对外壳进行环向束缚，来加强电池壳体外部结构整周的结构强度。
在一些实施例中，外壳包括壳体以及端盖，壳体具有空腔以及沿第一方向与空腔连通的开口，端盖盖合于开口并密封空腔，束缚件的数量为两个以上，两个以上束缚件分别抵压于壳体和/或端盖，能够对电池壳体以及壳体和端盖的连接处进行束缚，从而降低在电池单体发生热失控时，降低壳体侧面炸开或者壳体与端盖分离的风险，提高电池单体的可靠性。
在一些实施例中，两个以上束缚件沿第一方向间隔分布并沿环向抵压于壳体。即可通过两个以上的束缚件沿环向对壳体沿第一方向的不同区域的强度进行束缚，来降低在电池单体发生热失控时，壳体侧面炸开的风险。
在一些实施例中，两个以上束缚件沿第二方向间隔分布并沿环向抵压于壳体和端盖设置，第二方向与第一方向相交。即可通过两个以上的束缚件沿环向对壳体和端盖沿第二方向的不同连接区域进行束缚，来降低在电池单体发生热失控时，壳体与端盖分离的风险。
在一些实施例中，两个以上束缚件中，部分束缚件沿环向抵压于壳体设置，部分束缚件沿环向抵压于壳体和端盖设置。通过在外壳上同时设置第一束缚件和第二束缚件，能够在对壳体进行环向束缚的同时，还能够沿环向对壳体和端盖的连接处进行束缚，从而在电池单体发生热失控时，同时降低壳体侧面炸开以及壳体与端盖分离的风险，提高电池单体的可靠性。
在一些实施例中，束缚件设置为束缚带，束缚带环绕形成束缚空间并沿环向抵压于外壳设置，来对外壳进行环向束缚。
在一些实施例中，束缚带环绕于外壳一周，或者，束缚带交叠环绕于外壳两周以上，以满足对外壳的束缚以及电池单体的外部结构的强度要求。
在一些实施例中，束缚件设置为弹性套，弹性套包括端面以及环绕于端面设置的侧面，端面和侧面围合形成束缚空间，弹性套通过侧面沿环向抵压于外壳，来对外壳进行环向束缚。
在一些实施例中，外壳上还设置有泄压机构，泄压机构与空腔相连通，束缚件避让泄压机构设置，以使得热失控时，电池单体能够通过泄压机构定向泄压，提高电池单体的可靠性。
在一些实施例中，束缚件背离空腔一侧表面相对外壳的凸出距离为0.2mm～1mm， 能够起到一定强度作用，也能够减少对电池空间的占用，提高电池的能量密度。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池，包括第一方面的电池单体。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种用电装置，包括第二方面的电池，电池用于提供电能。
根据本申请实施例的电池单体，在外壳的至少部分包围设置有束缚件，以在电池单体热失控时，通过束缚件向外壳提供膨胀束缚力，来抑制外壳在电池单体热失控时产生的变形，并且通过使束缚件与外壳复合形成电池单体的外层结构，还能够提高电池单体的整体结构强度，从而进一步降低外壳因空腔内气压迅速增加而裂开的风险，提高电池单体的可靠性。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2是本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸图；
图3是本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的结构示意图；
图4是本申请另一些实施例提供的电池单体的结构示意图；
图5是本申请又一些实施例提供的电池单体的结构示意图；
图6是本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的另一角度的结构示意图。
在附图中，附图未必按照实际的比例绘制。
标记说明：
100电池，200控制器，300马达；
10电池单体，20电池箱体；
1外壳，11壳体，12端盖，2束缚件，2a第一束缚件，2b第二束缚件，3泄压机构；
X第二方向，Z第一方向。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
需要注意的是，除非另有说明，本申请实施例使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本申请实施例所属领域技术人员所理解的通常意义。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
此外，技术术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池的应用越加广泛。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、 电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
随之电池能量密度越来越高，电池热失控产生的热量越来越大，传统铝壳基本无法抗住热失控产生的热量而被熔穿，故相关技术中，会将电池单体的外壳设置为钢壳，来承受住一部分高能量密度电池热失控产生的能量。然而，即使将电池单体的外壳设置为钢壳，仍有一部分电池单体无法承受住热失控产生的温度及气压，造成外壳局部裂开，甚至直接炸开，而造成严重后果。
基于上述考虑，为了降低热失控时电池单体的外壳局部裂开的风险，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体，在电池单体的外壳至少部分包围有束缚件，以向外壳提供膨胀束缚力，使得外壳能够承受住电池单体热失控时产生的气压。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池以及使用电池的用电装置。
用电装置可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电装置不做特殊限制。
应理解，本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于所有包括电池以及使用电池的用电设备，但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以电动车辆为例进行说明。
请参阅图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图。
车辆的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆的操作电源。车辆还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
请参阅图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸示意图。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池100是指包括一个或多个电池单体10以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块，电池单体10是指组成电池100的最小单元。电池100一般还包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体10的电池箱体20。电池箱体20可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体10的充电或放电。
多个电池单体10之间可通过连接件串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体10中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体10之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体10构成的整体容纳于电池箱体20内。当然，也可以是多个电池单体10先可串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式的电池100，多个电池模块再通过连接件串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于电池箱体20内。
可选地，电池单体10可以为二次电池或一次电池，二次电池是指在电池单体10放电后可通过充电的方式使活性材料激活而继续使用的电池单体。电池单体包括但不限于锂离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体、钠锂离子电池单体、锂金属电池单体、钠金属电池单体、锂硫电池单体、镁离子电池单体、镍氢电池单体、镍镉电池单体、铅蓄电池单体等。
作为示例，电池单体10可以为圆柱形电池单体、棱柱电池单体、软包电池单体或其它形状的电池单体，但不局限于此。棱柱电池单体包括方壳电池单体、刀片形电池单体、多棱柱电池，多棱柱电池例如为六棱柱电池等。
请参阅图3，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体10的结构示意图。
本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体10，包括外壳1、电极组件以及束缚件2，外壳1具有空腔，电极组件设置于空腔，束缚件2包围外壳1的至少部分，以向外壳1提供膨胀束缚力。
本申请实施例提供的电池单体10，在外壳1的至少部分包围设置有束缚件2，以在电池单体10热失控时，通过束缚件2向外壳1提供膨胀束缚力，来抑制外壳1在电池单体10热失控时产生的变形，并且通过使束缚件2与外壳1复合形成电池单体10的外层结构，还能够提高电池单体10的整体结构强度，从而进一步降低外壳1因空腔内气压迅速增加而裂开的风险，提高电池单体10的可靠性。
在本申请实施例中，外壳1用于形成内部环境，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电极组件、电解液以及其他部件。外壳1可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，外壳1的形状可以根据电极组件的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。
外壳1的材质可以是多种，具体可由金属材料制成，例如将外壳1设置为钢壳，以承受住电池单体10热失控产生的温度，并且也能够使外壳1自身即具有一定的强度，来部分承受住电池单体10热失控产生的气压。
束缚件2包围于外壳1的至少部分，并向外壳1提供膨胀束缚力是指，对于部分电池单体10来说，由于外壳1的强度有限，故当电池单体10热失控时，外壳1可能会向 背离空腔的方向发生膨胀形变，故通过在外壳1背离空腔的一侧包围设置束缚件2，能够对外壳1起到一定的膨胀抑制作用。并且，通过使束缚件2与外壳1复合形成电池单体10的外层结构，还能够提高电池单体10的整体结构强度，以通过束缚件2和外壳1结合来共同承受住电池单体10热失控产生的气压，从而进一步降低外壳1裂开的风险，提高电池单体10的可靠性。
可选地，束缚件2可由非金属材料制成，以通过高强度的非金属材料起到提高结构强度作用的同时，减少电池单体10的重量，更便于推广应用。
可选地，束缚件2为绝缘件，即束缚件2整体由绝缘材料制造而成，绝缘材料可以为橡胶、塑料等。束缚件2的绝缘效果好，从而能够降低因束缚件2导致电池单体10短路的风险。
在一些可选地实施例中，束缚件2围合形成束缚空间，外壳1设置于束缚空间内，束缚件2沿环向抵压于外壳1设置。
通过将外壳1设置于束缚件2围合形成的束缚空间内，使得束缚件2能够至少围设于外壳1的周侧设置，从而能够通过束缚件2对外壳1进行环向束缚，来加强电池壳体11外部结构整周的结构强度，更便于束缚件2的设置，并且，也能够通过束缚件2沿环向对外壳1的多个表面同时进行抵压，对外壳1的束缚力也更加均匀稳定。
请参阅图3，在一些可选地实施例中，束缚件2的数量为两个以上，两个以上的束缚件2分别包围于外壳1的不同区域，以对外壳1的强度薄弱区域分别进行局部增强，提高电池单体10的整体结构强度，进一步降低电池单体10热失控时从外壳1的强度薄弱区域裂开的风险。
并且，相较于对外壳1的整体区域进行束缚的方式，仅对外壳1的强度薄弱区域进行单独增强，也减少束缚件2的材料使用，降低成本，并且也能够减少电池单体10的重量。
对于外壳1来说，其主要包括壳体11以及端盖12，壳体11和端盖12可以是独立的部件，壳体11具有空腔以形成电极组件的内部环境，壳体11上设置有沿第一方向Z的开口。
端盖12是指盖合于壳体11的开口处以将电池单体10的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，端盖12的形状可以与壳体11的形状相适应以配合壳体11。可选地，端盖12可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质制成，这样，端盖12在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体10能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。
在一些可选地实施例中，两个以上的束缚件2分别抵压于壳体11和/或端盖12。由于在实际应用中，外壳1的强度薄弱区域和热失控时的主要受力区域在于电池壳体11以及电池壳体11与端盖12的连接处，故通过将两个以上的束缚件2分别抵压于壳体11和/或端盖12，能够对电池壳体11以及壳体11和端盖12的连接处进行束缚，从而降低在电池单体10发生热失控时，降低壳体11侧面炸开或者壳体11与端盖12分离的风险，提高电池单体10的可靠性。
对于电池单体10来说，可以根据电池单体10的实际受力情况，来调整束缚件2的具体布置位置。
请参阅图3，在一些可选地实施例中，两个以上束缚件2沿第一方向Z间隔分布并沿环向抵压于壳体11设置。即可通过两个以上的束缚件2沿环向对壳体11沿第一方向Z的不同区域的强度进行束缚，来降低在电池单体10发生热失控时，壳体11侧面炸开的风险。
其中，两个以上的束缚件2可设置为不同结构强度，例如可设置有不同的厚度或者由不同的材料制成，从而能够更为针对性地对壳体11沿第一方向Z的不同区域提供不同大小的膨胀束缚力，来提高电池单体10的整体结构强度。
作为一种可选地实施例，束缚件2的数量可设置为两个且沿第一方向Z均匀分布于壳体11上。当然，束缚件2的数量也可设置为三个、五个甚至更多，束缚件2的具体数量也可根据每个束缚件2沿第一方向Z的尺寸以及壳体11沿第一方向Z的尺寸进行调整。
请参阅图4，图4示出了本申请另一些实施例提供的电池单体10的结构示意图。在另一些可选地实施例中，两个以上束缚件2沿第二方向X间隔分布并沿环向抵压于壳体11和端盖12设置，第二方向X与第一方向Z相交。即可通过两个以上的束缚件2沿环向对壳体11和端盖12沿第二方向X的不同连接区域进行束缚，来降低在电池单体10发生热失控时，壳体11与端盖12分离的风险。
作为一种可选地实施例，束缚件2的数量可设置为两个且沿第二方向X均匀分布于端盖12上，来对壳体11和端盖12的连接处进行增强。当然，束缚件2的数量也可设置为三个、五个甚至更多，束缚件2的具体数量也可根据每个束缚件2沿第二方向X的尺寸以及壳体11或者端盖12沿第二方向X的尺寸进行调整。
请参阅图5，图5示出了本申请又一些实施例提供的电池单体10的结构示意图。在又一些可选地实施例中，两个以上束缚件2中，部分束缚件2沿环向抵压于壳体11设置，部分束缚件2沿环向抵压于壳体11和端盖12设置。
为便于描述，将束缚件2划分为第一束缚件2a和第二束缚件2b，第一束缚件2a沿环向抵压于壳体11设置，第二束缚件2b沿环向抵压于壳体11和端盖12设置。
通过在外壳1上同时设置第一束缚件2a和第二束缚件2b，能够在对壳体11进行环向束缚的同时，还能够沿环向对壳体11和端盖12的连接处进行束缚，从而在电池单体10发生热失控时，同时降低壳体11侧面炸开以及壳体11与端盖12分离的风险，提高电池单体10的可靠性。
可选地，第一束缚件2a的数量为两个以上，两个以上的第一束缚件2a沿第一方向Z间隔分布，和/或，第二束缚件2b的数量为两个以上，两个以上的第二束缚件2b沿第二方向X间隔分布。即通过增加第一束缚件2a和第二束缚件2b的数量，进一步增加对壳体11自身以及壳体11和端盖12连接处的膨胀束缚力，进一步降低壳体11侧面炸开以及壳体11与端盖12分离的风险，提高电池单体10的可靠性。
作为一种可选地实施例，第一束缚件2a的数量可设置为两个并沿第一方向Z均匀分布于壳体11上，第二束缚件2b的数量也可设置为两个并沿第二方向X均匀分布于端盖12上，第一束缚件2a和第二束缚件2b相交设置。
请参阅图6，图6示出了本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体10另一角度的结构示意图。在一些可选地实施例中，外壳1上还设置有泄压机构3，泄压机构3与空腔相连通，束缚件2避让泄压机构3设置。
通过在外壳1上设置泄压机构3，能够在电池单体10热失控导致空腔内部气压迅速增加时，通过泄压机构3来释放压力，降低电池单体10爆炸的风险。而通过将束缚件2避让泄压机构3设置，能够减少束缚件2的设置对泄压机构3的影响，使得泄压机构3能够正常开启泄压。
可以理解的是，通过在外壳1的至少部分包围设置束缚件2，应使得电池单体10的外部结构中各处的抗压能力均大于泄压机构3的开启压力，以使得热失控时，电池单体10能够通过泄压机构3定向泄压，提高电池单体10的可靠性。
可选地，泄压机构3可设置为防爆阀。
请参阅图6，为了使束缚件2围合形成束缚空间，在一些实施例中，束缚件2设置为束缚带，束缚带环绕形成束缚空间并沿环向抵压于外壳1设置。
即作为一种可选地实施方式，可将束缚件2可设置为束缚带，以通过束缚带沿环向缠绕于电池单体10的外壳1的周侧，来对外壳1进行环向束缚。其中，束缚带应避让于泄压机构3设置，以在增加电池单体10的整体结构强度的同时，实现定向泄压。
当束缚件2设置为束缚带时，可以根据电池单体10的结构强度要求，在外壳1上缠绕一周，或者缠绕多周，缠绕的周数可根据电池单体10的实际结构进行调整，能够满足对外壳1的束缚以及电池单体10的外部结构的强度要求即可。
可选地，束缚带的材质可设置为碳纤维、尼龙以及聚丙烯等，通过将束缚带设置为碳纤维丝、尼龙扎带等，能够在起到强度增强作用的同时，减少电池单体10的重量，更便于实际应用。
可以理解的是，除了将束缚件2设置为束缚带之外，还可将束缚件2设置为其他常规替换方式，例如将束缚件2设置为框架，通过框架围设于电池单体10周侧，来对外壳1的环向进行束缚。
此外，除了可将束缚件2设置为束缚带外，在另一些实施例中，束缚件2可设置为弹性套，弹性套包括端面以及环绕于端面设置的侧面，端面和侧面围合形成束缚空间，弹性套通过侧面沿环向抵压于外壳1。
即作为一种可选地实施方式，束缚件2也可以设置为弹性套，弹性套包括端面以及侧面，以弹性套沿环向抵压于壳体11设置为例，可以是使弹性套的端面与外壳1的端盖12相配合，并使弹性套的侧面与外壳1的壳体11相配合，来对壳体11提供膨胀束缚力。
可以理解的是，当外壳1上的泄压机构3位于束缚空间内时，可在弹性套的端面和/或侧面的对应位置开设有透气口，以通过透气口来暴露出泄压机构3，从而在增加电池单体10的整体结构强度的同时，实现定向泄压。
在一些可选地实施例中，束缚件2背离空腔一侧表面相对外壳1的凸出距离为0.2mm～1mm。
需要说明的是，束缚件2背离空腔一侧表面相对外壳1的凸出距离，即是指束缚件2的厚度。其中，外壳1包括壳体11以及端盖12，故对于壳体11来说，是指束缚件2背离空腔一侧表面相对壳体11的凸出距离。而由于端盖12包括盖体以及设置于盖体上的电极端子、注液孔等功能部件，故对于端盖12来说，是指束缚件2背离空腔的一侧表面相对盖体的凸出距离。
通过使束缚件2的厚度大于或者等于0.2mm，能够起到一定强度作用，以更好地满足电池单体10的结构强度要求，而通过使束缚件2的厚度小于或者等于1mm，也能够减少对电池空间的占用，提高电池100的能量密度。
请参阅图1至图6，下面以一具体实施例为例，对本申请实施例中的电池单体10的结构进行说明。
本申请实施例中的电池单体10，包括外壳1、电极组件、束缚件2以及设置于外壳1上的泄压机构3，外壳1包括壳体11以及端盖12，束缚件2设置为束缚带，束缚带避让于泄压机构3设置并缠绕于外壳1的周侧。
具体地，束缚件2包括第一束缚件2a以及第二束缚件2b，第一束缚件2a的数量为两个，两个第一束缚件2a沿第一方向Z间隔设置并沿环向抵压于壳体11。第二束缚件2b的数量为两个，两个第二束缚件2b沿第二方向X间隔设置并沿环向抵压于壳体11和端盖12设置。通过设置第一束缚件2a和第二束缚件2b，能够在对壳体11进行环向束缚的同时，还能够沿环向对壳体11和端盖12的连接处进行束缚，从而对电池单体10的整体结构强度进行增强，降低壳体11侧面炸开以及壳体11与端盖12分离的风险，实现定向泄压。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种电池100，包括以上任一方案的电池单体10。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种用电装置，包括以上任一方案的电池100，并且电池100用于为用电装置提供电能。
用电装置可以是前述任一应用电池100的设备或系统。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    外壳，具有空腔；
    电极组件，设置于所述空腔；
    束缚件，包围所述外壳的至少部分，以向所述外壳提供膨胀束缚力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述束缚件围合形成束缚空间，所述外壳设置于所述束缚空间内，所述束缚件沿环向抵压于所述外壳设置。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳包括壳体以及端盖，所述壳体具有所述空腔以及沿第一方向与所述空腔连通的开口，所述端盖盖合于所述开口并密封所述空腔，所述束缚件的数量为两个以上，两个以上所述束缚件分别抵压于所述壳体和/或所述端盖。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其中，两个以上所述束缚件沿第一方向间隔分布并沿所述环向抵压于所述壳体。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其中，两个以上所述束缚件沿第二方向间隔分布并沿所述环向抵压于所述壳体和所述端盖设置，所述第二方向与所述第一方向相交。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其中，两个以上所述束缚件中，部分所述束缚件沿所述环向抵压于所述壳体设置，部分所述束缚件沿所述环向抵压于所述壳体和所述端盖设置。
  7. 根据权利要求2至6任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述束缚件设置为束缚带，所述束缚带环绕形成所述束缚空间并沿所述环向抵压于所述外壳设置。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池单体，其中，所述束缚带环绕于所述外壳一周，或者，所述束缚带交叠环绕于所述外壳两周以上。
  9. 根据权利要求2至6任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述束缚件设置为弹性套，所述弹性套包括端面以及环绕于所述端面设置的侧面，所述端面和所述侧面围合形成所述束缚空间，所述弹性套通过所述侧面沿所述环向抵压于所述外壳。
  10. 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳上还设置有泄压机构，所述泄压机构与所述空腔相连通，所述束缚件避让所述泄压机构设置。
  11. 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述束缚件背离所述空腔一侧表面相对所述外壳的凸出距离为0.2mm～1mm。
  12. 一种电池，包括如权利要求1至11任一项所述的电池单体。
  13. 一种用电装置，包括如权利要求12所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
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