WO2025209596A1 - 应急堆芯冷却系统 - Google Patents
应急堆芯冷却系统Info
- Publication number
- WO2025209596A1 WO2025209596A1 PCT/CN2025/089326 CN2025089326W WO2025209596A1 WO 2025209596 A1 WO2025209596 A1 WO 2025209596A1 CN 2025089326 W CN2025089326 W CN 2025089326W WO 2025209596 A1 WO2025209596 A1 WO 2025209596A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pipeline
- injection
- section
- injection pump
- pipe section
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
- G21C15/182—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat comprising powered means, e.g. pumps
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
- G21C15/14—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from headers; from joints in ducts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Definitions
- the technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide an improved emergency core cooling system in view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art.
- a first pipeline comprising a first safety injection pump, a second safety injection pump, a first emergency core water injection pipeline, and a first connecting pipeline for conveying emergency coolant to a second interface of the reactor pressure vessel, wherein an input end of the first emergency core water injection pipeline is connected to a replacement material water tank in the containment vessel, and an output end is connected to the first interface of the reactor pressure vessel; the first safety injection pump is disposed on the first emergency core water injection pipeline; an input end of the first connecting pipeline is connected to the replacement material water tank in the containment vessel, and an output end is connected to the second interface; and the second safety injection pump is disposed on the first connecting pipeline;
- the second pipeline includes a third injection pump, a fourth injection pump, a second emergency core water injection pipeline and a second connecting pipeline for conveying emergency coolant to the first interface
- the input end of the second emergency core water injection pipeline is connected to the replacement material water tank in the containment vessel, and the output end is connected to the second interface
- the third injection pump is arranged on the second emergency core water injection pipeline
- the input end of the second connecting pipeline is connected to the replacement material water tank in the containment vessel
- the output end is connected to the first interface
- the fourth injection pump is arranged on the second connecting pipeline.
- the first pipeline further includes a first injection tank, which is disposed downstream of the first injection pump
- the second pipeline further includes a second injection tank, which is disposed downstream of the third injection pump.
- the output end of the first connecting pipe is connected to the pipe between the second injection heat exchanger and the third injection pump, and the output end of the second connecting pipe is connected to the pipe between the first injection heat exchanger and the first injection pump.
- the second pipeline includes a second cold section located outside the containment boundary and a second output section located inside the containment boundary.
- the two ends of the second cold section are respectively connected to the replacement material water tank in the containment and the input end of the second output section.
- the output end of the second output section is connected to the second interface.
- the third injection pump is arranged on the second cold section, and the second injection tank is connected to the second output section.
- the second pipeline further includes a second hot segment pipeline, the input end of the second hot segment pipeline is connected to the output end of the second cold segment pipeline, and the output end of the second hot segment pipeline is connected to another reactor loop hot segment.
- the first pipeline also includes a third connecting pipe whose two ends are respectively connected to the first injection tank and the first output pipe section, and a check valve and an electric control valve are provided on the third connecting pipe;
- the second pipeline also includes a fourth connecting pipe whose two ends are respectively connected to the second injection tank and the second output pipe section, and a check valve and an electric control valve are provided on the fourth connecting pipe.
- the first pipeline further includes a first water intake pipe section located within the containment boundary, and both ends of the first water intake pipe section are respectively connected to the replacement water tank in the containment and the input end of the first cold section pipe section;
- the second pipeline also includes a second water intake pipe section located within the containment boundary, and both ends of the second water intake pipe section are respectively connected to the replacement material water tank in the containment and the input end of the second cold section pipe section.
- the input end of the second connecting pipe is connected to the output end of the second water intake pipe section, and is connected to the replacement material water tank in the containment shell through the second water intake pipe section.
- both ends of the first cold section pipe segment and the second cold section pipe segment are provided with electric control valves, and both the first output pipe segment and the second output pipe segment are provided with three check valves.
- the first injection pump, the second injection pump, the third injection pump, and the fourth injection pump are all medium-pressure injection pumps.
- FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of an emergency core cooling system of the prior art three;
- first”, “second”, and “third” are only for the convenience of describing the present technical solution, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as “first”, “second”, and “third” can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.
- FIG. 1 shows an emergency core cooling system constructed according to the present invention. This system is used to promptly inject emergency coolant (in this embodiment, cooling water) into the reactor in the event of a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) caused by a reactor breach, thereby preventing damage to the core fuel cladding and the uncontrolled release of radioactive materials.
- the emergency core cooling system includes a first pipeline 1 and a second pipeline 2.
- the first pipeline 1 includes a first safety injection pump 101, a second safety injection pump 102, a first emergency core water injection pipeline, and a first connecting pipeline 15.
- the second pipeline 2 includes a third safety injection pump 201, a fourth safety injection pump 202, a second emergency core water injection pipeline, and a second connecting pipeline 25.
- the input ends of the first and second emergency core water injection pipelines are both connected to the containment refueling water tank 001. Water in the containment refueling water tank 001 serves as emergency coolant, which is injected into the core in the event of a loss of emergency coolant accident.
- the output ends of the first and second emergency core water injection pipelines are each connected to the reactor pressure vessel to inject emergency coolant into the reactor pressure vessel.
- the configuration of the first and second emergency core water injection pipelines allows for independent water injection, meeting independence requirements.
- the output end of the first emergency core water injection pipe is connected to the first interface 109 of the reactor pressure vessel
- the output end of the second emergency core water injection pipe is connected to the second interface 209 of the reactor pressure vessel.
- the first injection pump 101 is installed on the first emergency core water injection pipeline and is used to pump cooling water from the replacement water tank 001 in the containment vessel through the first emergency core water injection pipeline to the first port 109.
- the input end of the first connecting pipeline 15 is connected to the replacement water tank 001 in the containment vessel, and the output end is connected to the second port 209.
- the second injection pump 102 is installed on the first connecting pipeline 15 and is used to pump emergency coolant to the second port 209 using the power of the first pipeline 1. This prevents the emergency core cooling system from being unable to inject emergency coolant into the reactor if, for example, the second pipeline 2 loses power and the first emergency core water injection pipeline ruptures.
- the present invention arranges two safety injection pumps in parallel on each pipeline.
- two safety injection pumps (the first safety injection pump 101 and the second safety injection pump 102) on one pipeline (the first pipeline 1) can still inject water into the core at the same time, ensuring that the water injection flow rate meets the water demand for the major rupture accident of the main pipeline.
- the emergency core injection system constructed in this application does not require the installation of different types of injection pumps (such as high-pressure, medium-pressure, and low-pressure injection pumps). Only one type of injection pump is required to handle all accident conditions, reducing the number of injection pumps and the installation of other supporting systems (such as HVAC, electrical, instrumentation, plant, power source equipment, etc.).
- the system configuration is simpler, the cost is lower, and the economy is higher.
- all equipment on the first pipeline 1 is powered by a common emergency diesel engine.
- All equipment on the second pipeline 2 is also powered by a common emergency diesel engine to ensure the independence of the two pipelines. It should be understood that "loss of power source" in this embodiment means that the emergency diesel engine shared by the pipeline is unable to supply power to the pipeline.
- first pipeline 1 and the second pipeline 2 can be directly connected to the descending section of the reactor pressure vessel through the first interface 109 and the second interface 209 respectively, so that the emergency coolant is pumped to the descending section of the reactor pressure vessel, thereby achieving the effect of rapid emergency injection.
- the first, second, third, and fourth injection pumps 101, 102, 201, and 202 are all medium-pressure injection pumps.
- the choice of these medium-pressure injection pumps, combined with the configuration of two pipelines, each with two injection pumps, enables the emergency core cooling system to cope with a variety of accidents, including large and small breaches. For example, in a large breach, all four injection pumps can be activated simultaneously to increase overall flow rate. In a small breach, where high flow rates are not required, only one or two injection pumps can be used.
- injection pumps are categorized as high-pressure, medium-pressure, and low-pressure.
- the primary circuit's back pressure drops rapidly due to the large breach, meeting the startup requirements of the medium-pressure injection pump.
- simply connecting multiple injection pumps in parallel can meet the flow requirements.
- the injection pump can be paired with a medium-pressure rapid cooling valve on the secondary side of the steam generator. This valve can be used to rapidly depressurize the reactor, rapidly reducing the primary circuit back pressure to meet the startup requirements of the medium-pressure injection pump.
- the first pipeline 1 also includes a first injection tank 104
- the second pipeline 2 also includes a second injection tank 204, both of which are used to passively inject emergency coolant into the reactor to serve as a passive supplementary injection function. No matter what kind of rupture accident occurs, as long as the pressure of one circuit drops below the target pressure, water can be injected into it.
- the first safety injection tank 104 is disposed on the first emergency core water injection pipeline and downstream of the first safety injection pump 101.
- the second safety injection tank 204 is disposed on the second emergency core water injection pipeline and downstream of the third safety injection pump 201 to facilitate faster injection of emergency coolant into the reactor.
- first injection tank 104 and the second injection tank 204 both contain boron water, and rely on compressed nitrogen gas coverage to provide rapid injection, which can be achieved using existing technology.
- the first pipeline 1 also includes a first injection heat exchanger 103
- the second pipeline 2 also includes a second injection heat exchanger 203. Both are used to exchange heat with the water pumped by each injection pump, reduce the temperature of the cooling water, improve the cooling effect, and thereby shorten the path for the core heat to be discharged outside the containment.
- the first injection heat exchanger 103 is disposed downstream of the first injection pump 101
- the second injection heat exchanger 203 is disposed downstream of the third injection pump 201 .
- the output end of the first connecting pipe 15 is connected to the pipe between the second injection heat exchanger 203 and the third injection pump 201, allowing the cooling water pumped by the second injection pump 102 to undergo heat exchange and cooling in the second injection heat exchanger 203.
- the output end of the second connecting pipe 25 is connected to the pipe between the first injection heat exchanger 103 and the first injection pump 101, allowing the cooling water pumped by the fourth injection pump 202 to undergo heat exchange and cooling in the first injection heat exchanger 103.
- the first emergency core water injection pipeline includes a first cold segment 11 and a first output segment 13.
- the first cold segment 11 is located outside the containment boundary, with its input end connected to the refueling water tank 001 within the containment, and its output end connected to the input end of the first output segment 13.
- the first output segment 13 is located within the containment boundary, with its output end connected to the first interface 109.
- the first injection pump 101 and the first injection heat exchanger 103 are both disposed on the first cold segment 11, and the first injection tank 104 is connected to the first output segment 13.
- the second emergency core water injection pipeline includes a second cold segment 21 and a second output segment 23.
- the second cold segment 21 is located outside the containment boundary, with its input end connected to the refueling water tank 001 within the containment, and its output end connected to the input end of the second output segment 23.
- the second output segment 23 is located within the containment boundary, with its output end connected to the second port 209.
- the third injection pump 201 and the second injection heat exchanger 203 are both located on the second cold segment 21, and the second injection tank 204 is connected to the second output segment 23.
- first emergency core water injection pipeline and the second emergency core water injection pipeline can also share a water intake pipe section, and the output end of the water intake pipe section can be connected to the input end of the first cold section pipe section 11 and the second cold section pipe section 21 respectively, so as to reduce the number of penetrations on the containment.
- a pit filter is further provided between the first water intake pipe section 12 and the second water intake pipe section 22 and the replacement material water tank 001 in the containment to filter out impurities in the cooling water.
- the first output pipe section 13 is provided with three check valves, namely a first check valve 105, a second check valve 106, and a third check valve 107.
- the second output pipe section 23 is also provided with three check valves, namely a fourth check valve 205, a fifth check valve 206, and a sixth check valve 207.
- first and second output pipe sections 13 and 23 serve as the pressure boundary of the reactor, at least two check valves are required in the portions of the first and second output pipe sections 13 and 23 closest to the first and second interfaces 109 and 209, respectively.
- the containment vessel serves as another pressure boundary of the reactor, so a check valve and an electrically controlled valve are also required inside and outside the containment vessel. Therefore, three check valves are installed in each of the first and second output pipe sections 13 and 23, and an electrically controlled valve is installed at the output ends of the first and second cold-leg pipe sections 11 and 21, respectively.
- the number of through-holes provided in the containment vessel boundary can be reduced, reducing the risk of containment leakage or bypass, while also reducing the number and total length of pipes, thereby improving the economic efficiency of the emergency core cooling system.
- the output end of the first connecting pipe 15 is connected to the first cold segment 11 between the first electrically controlled valve 108 and the first injection pump 101, and further connected to the output end of the first water intake segment 12.
- the output end of the second connecting pipe 25 is connected to the second cold segment 21 between the third electrically controlled valve 208 and the third injection pump 201, and further connected to the output end of the second water intake segment 22.
- the output end of the first water intake pipe section 12 (the output end of the second water intake pipe section 22) can also be connected to the input end of the first cold section pipe section 11 (the second cold section pipe section 21) and the input end of the first connecting pipe 15 (the second connecting pipe 25) through a three-way valve or other connecting valve to achieve communication between the three pipes, and an electric-controlled valve is respectively provided at the input end of the first cold section pipe section 11 (the second cold section pipe section 21) and the input end of the first connecting pipe 15 (the second connecting pipe 25).
- the output end of the first water intake pipe section 12 (the output end of the second water intake pipe section 22) can also be connected to the input end of the first connecting pipe 15 (the second connecting pipe 25), and the input end of the first cold section pipe section 11 (the second cold section pipe section 21) is connected to the first connecting pipe 15 (the second connecting pipe 25) upstream of the second injection pump 102 (the fourth injection pump 202), and is connected to the output end of the first water intake pipe section 12 (the output end of the second water intake pipe section 22) through part of the first connecting pipe 15 (the second connecting pipe 25).
- four water intake pipe sections can also be set up, and their input ends are respectively connected to the replacement material water tank 001 in the containment shell, and their output ends are respectively connected to the input end of the first connecting pipe 15, the input end of the second connecting pipe 25, the input end of the first cold section pipe section 11 and the input end of the second cold section pipe section 21.
- the first pipeline 1 further includes a first hot section pipeline 14, the input end of the first hot section pipeline 14 being connected to the first cold section pipeline segment 11, and the output end being connected to one of the reactor loop hot sections.
- the second pipeline 2 further includes a second hot section pipeline 24, the input end of the second hot section pipeline 24 being connected to the second cold section pipeline segment 21, and the output end being connected to another reactor loop hot section.
- the first hot section pipeline 14 and the second hot section pipeline 24 are used to inject emergency coolant into the hot section when a breach occurs in the reactor loop hot section.
- first hot section pipeline 14 and the second hot section pipeline 24 are respectively located partially outside the containment boundary and partially inside the containment boundary.
- the portion of the pipeline located outside the containment boundary is also equipped with an electrically controlled valve, while the portion of the pipeline located inside the containment boundary is also equipped with three check valves to protect the two pressure boundaries. This is not further described here.
- the input end of the first hot section pipe 14 is connected to the pipe between the first injection heat exchanger 103 and the second electric control valve 110, and the input end of the second hot section pipe 24 is connected to the pipe between the second injection heat exchanger 203 and the fourth electric control valve 210.
- the first pipeline 1 further includes a third connecting pipe 16, whose ends are respectively connected to the first injection tank 104 and the first output pipe section 13, for outputting the emergency coolant in the first injection tank 104 to the reactor pressure vessel through the first output pipe section 13.
- the second pipeline 2 further includes a fourth connecting pipe 26, whose ends are respectively connected to the second injection tank 204 and the second output pipe section 23, for outputting the emergency coolant in the second injection tank 204 to the reactor pressure vessel through the second output pipe section 23.
- the third connecting pipe 16 is further provided with a fifth electrically controlled valve 113 and a seventh check valve 114, wherein the fifth electrically controlled valve 113 is located upstream of the seventh check valve 114.
- the fourth connecting pipe 26 is further provided with a sixth electrically controlled valve 213 and an eighth check valve 214, wherein the sixth electrically controlled valve 213 is located upstream of the eighth check valve 214.
- the output end of the first injection pump 101 is provided with a ninth check valve 111
- the output end of the second injection pump 102 is provided with a tenth check valve 112
- the output end of the third injection pump 201 is provided with an eleventh check valve 211
- the output end of the fourth injection pump 202 is provided with a twelfth check valve 212 to prevent backflow of the emergency coolant.
- the emergency core cooling system is always in standby mode.
- the valves (except the check valve) on the two main pipelines, the third connecting pipeline 16, and the fourth connecting pipeline 26 are all open, the valves on the first hot section pipeline 14 and the second hot section pipeline 24 are all closed, and the first injection pump 101, the second injection pump 102, the third injection pump 201, and the fourth injection pump 202 are all in standby mode.
- the emergency core cooling system can still inject emergency coolant into the core through the two injection pumps in the other intact pipeline (the second pipeline 2).
- DVI-LOCA direct-injection-outlet-of-pressure-vessel-break accident
- first pipeline 1 one of the pipelines (e.g., first pipeline 1) becomes unusable.
- the emergency core cooling system can only inject emergency coolant into the core through the two safety injection pumps in the other pipeline (second pipeline 2).
- an emergency core injection signal triggers the two safety injection pumps to start (during this process, when the primary circuit pressure drops below the nitrogen pressure in the second safety injection tank 204, the pumps also begin injecting emergency coolant into the core). Cooling water is then injected into the core, reflooding the core and restoring the core water level.
- the two injection pumps in line 2 would be unable to start.
- the emergency diesel engine in line 1 could supply power to the second injection pump 102 in line 1, which would then connect to the second emergency core water injection pipe via the first connecting pipe 15, thereby injecting cooling water into the core.
- the medium-pressure rapid cooling valve on the secondary side of the steam generator can be used to quickly reduce the primary circuit pressure.
- a pipeline rupture in the residual heat removal system occurs during the residual heat removal mode. At this point, one of the two residual heat removal systems with the rupture is isolated, leaving only the other in operation. Considering the single failure criterion, the operating residual heat removal system fails and shuts down. At this point, water can be injected into the primary circuit through the emergency core cooling system, while the pressurizer (PZR) safety valve is opened. Water is then drained into the containment refueling water tank through the pressure relief tank and the return water line connected to the pressure relief tank, thereby achieving the primary circuit's charge-discharge function. The heat from the core will be discharged into the containment refueling water tank.
- PZR pressurizer
- the heat in the containment refueling water tank will eventually be removed through heat exchange cooling by the first and second injection heat exchangers 103 and 203, replacing the residual heat removal system for heat removal, thereby shortening the path for the core heat to be discharged outside the containment.
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Abstract
一种应急堆芯冷却系统,包括第一管线(1)以及第二管线(2),第一管线(1)包括第一安注泵(101)、第二安注泵(102)、第一应急堆芯注水管道以及用于向反应堆压力容器的第二接口(209)输送应急冷却剂的第一连接管道(15);第二管线(2)包括第三安注泵(201)、第四安注泵(202)、第二应急堆芯注水管道以及用于向第一接口(109)输送应急冷却剂的第二连接管道(25)。系统可以有效缩短事故后应急堆芯注水路径,提高应急堆芯注入功能的可靠性,降低了破口事故对堆芯损坏的概率,同时能够降低生产成本,有利于系统安全性和经济性的平衡设计。
Description
本申请涉及核电技术领域,更具体地说,涉及一种应急堆芯冷却系统。
反应堆冷却剂丧失事故(LOCA)是核电站设计中需要考虑的典型设计基准事故工况。LOCA事故发生后,实现堆芯应急冷却是事故处理的主要目的之一。如无法及时向堆芯提供应急冷却水,将会导致反应堆因丧失应急冷却剂而无法有效冷却堆芯,最终导致堆芯燃料包壳损坏和放射性物质的不可控释放。因此为应对该LOCA事故工况,压水堆核电厂均会设置LOCA事故后执行应急堆芯注入的应急堆芯冷却系统。
应急堆芯冷却系统是核电厂重要的安全系统之一,其设置必须满足独立性要求,并满足单一故障准则。独立性要求为必须通过实体隔离、电气隔离、功能独立和通讯(数据传输)独立等适当手段,防止系统之间或同一个系统的冗余组成部分之间发生相互干扰;单一故障准则要求假设LOCA事故下应急堆芯冷却系统处于许可的最不利配置状态,即应急堆芯冷却系统中任一设备故障导致功能不可用。
在现有的核电厂应急堆芯冷却系统设计中,一般通过冗余配置和实体隔离的方式实现系统的独立性要求和单一故障准则要求。冗余配置即配置“N+1”列应急堆芯冷却系统。“N”表示考虑LOCA始发事件、单一故障,以及系统在线维修导致应急堆芯冷却系统失效的列数,“1”表示剩余一列有效,独立性设计是基于冗余设计的进一步设计优化,即通过实体隔离、电气隔离、功能独立和通讯(数据传输)独立等适当手段,防止应急堆芯冷却系统各列之间发生相互干扰。例如,如图2所示,现有技术一构造了一种应急堆芯冷却系统,由高压安注、中压安注、低压安注三个系统组成,高压安注配置三台高压安注泵(HHSI),中压安注主要配置三台中压安注箱(ACC),低压安注配置两台低压安注泵(LHSI)。再例如,如图3所示,现有技术二构造的应急堆芯冷却系统,包括有独立、冗余的三列系统。每一列系统均由低压安注(LHSI)、中压安注(MHSI)和安注箱子系统组成。又例如,如图4所示,现有技术三构造的一种应急堆芯冷却系统,包括两列独立的HHSI泵、两列ACC和两列LHSI泵,三者分别通过两列DVI向堆芯注水。还例如,如图5所示,现有技术四构造的一种应急堆芯冷却系统,包括四个严格实体分隔的独立的管线组成,每一列对应反应堆冷却剂系统的一个环路。每一列位于单独的安全分区内,包括一个安注箱,一台MHSI泵和一台LHSI泵(兼余热排出泵)。
其中,现有技术一不满足安全系统间独立性要求,三台HHSI泵和两台LHSI采用母管制并联连接到RCP系统,母管制导致ECCS系统各列之间相互联通,LOCA事故工况下有效注入列的部分应急冷却剂经破口流出,影响应急堆芯注入有效流量。现有技术二以及现有技术四均冗余度偏高,增加了系统自身配置的列数,相应的支持配套系统(如应急柴油机、冷链系统和暖通系统等)的列数也需要对应设置,安全厂房的规模有所增加,经济性上有优化空间。现有技术三无法满足单一故障准则,该系统配置方案每列仅配置一台HHSI和LHSI,考虑逆止阀到RPV之间的DVI管线破口事故,根据单一故障准则,考虑另一列HHSI和LHSI失效,则应急堆芯注入功能丧失,无法应对DVI管线破口事故。
本申请要解决的技术问题在于,针对现有技术的上述缺陷,提供一种改进的应急堆芯冷却系统。
本申请实施例解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:构造一种应急堆芯冷却系统,包括:
第一管线,包括第一安注泵、第二安注泵、第一应急堆芯注水管道以及用于向反应堆压力容器的第二接口输送应急冷却剂的第一连接管道,所述第一应急堆芯注水管道的输入端与安全壳内置换料水箱相连通,输出端与反应堆压力容器的第一接口相连通,所述第一安注泵设置于所述第一应急堆芯注水管道上,所述第一连接管道的输入端与所述安全壳内置换料水箱相连通,输出端与所述第二接口相连通,所述第二安注泵设置于所述第一连接管道上;
第二管线,包括第三安注泵、第四安注泵、第二应急堆芯注水管道以及用于向所述第一接口输送应急冷却剂的第二连接管道,所述第二应急堆芯注水管道的输入端与所述安全壳内置换料水箱相连通,输出端与所述第二接口相连通,所述第三安注泵设置于所述第二应急堆芯注水管道上,所述第二连接管道的输入端与所述安全壳内置换料水箱相连通,输出端与所述第一接口相连通,所述第四安注泵设置于所述第二连接管道上。
在一些实施例中,所述第一管线还包括第一安注箱,所述第一安注箱设置于所述第一安注泵的下游,所述第二管线还包括第二安注箱,所述第二安注箱设置于所述第三安注泵的下游。
在一些实施例中,所述第一管线还包括第一安注换热器,所述第二管线还包括第二安注换热器,所述第一安注换热器设置于所述第一安注泵的下游,所述第二安注换热器设置于所述第三安注泵的下游;
所述第一连接管道的输出端与所述第二安注换热器以及所述第三安注泵之间的管道相连通,所述第二连接管道的输出端与所述第一安注换热器以及所述第一安注泵之间的管道相连通。
在一些实施例中,所述第一应急堆芯注水管道包括位于安全壳边界外的第一冷段管段以及位于安全壳边界内的第一输出管段,所述第一冷段管段的两端分别与所述安全壳内置换料水箱以及所述第一输出管段的输入端相连通,所述第一输出管段的输出端与所述第一接口相连通,所述第一安注泵设置于所述第一冷段管段上,所述第一安注箱与所述第一输出管段相连通;
所述第二管线包括位于安全壳边界外的第二冷段管段以及位于安全壳边界内的第二输出管段,所述第二冷段管段的两端分别与所述安全壳内置换料水箱以及所述第二输出管段的输入端相连通,所述第二输出管段的输出端与所述第二接口相连通,所述第三安注泵设置于所述第二冷段管段上,所述第二安注箱与所述第二输出管段相连通。
在一些实施例中,所述第一管线还包括第一热段管道,所述第一热段管道的输入端与所述第一冷段管段的输出端相连通,所述第一热段管道的输出端与其中一个反应堆环路热段相连通;
所述第二管线还包括第二热段管道,所述第二热段管道的输入端与所述第二冷段管段的输出端相连通,所述第二热段管道的输出端与另一个所述反应堆环路热段相连通。
在一些实施例中,所述第一管线还包括两端分别与所述第一安注箱以及所述第一输出管段相连通的第三连接管道,所述第三连接管道上设置有逆止阀以及电控阀;所述第二管线还包括两端分别与所述第二安注箱以及所述第二输出管段相连通的第四连接管道所述第四连接管道上设置有逆止阀以及电控阀。
在一些实施例中,所述第一管线还包括位于安全壳边界内的第一取水管段,所述第一取水管段的两端分别与所述安全壳内置换料水箱以及所述第一冷段管段的输入端相连通;
所述第二管线还包括位于安全壳边界内的第二取水管段,所述第二取水管段的两端分别与所述安全壳内置换料水箱以及所述第二冷段管段的输入端相连通。
在一些实施例中,所述第一连接管道的输入端与所述第一取水管段的输出端相连通,并通过所述第一取水管段与所述安全壳内置换料水箱相连通;
所述第二连接管道的输入端与所述第二取水管段的输出端相连通,通过所述第二取水管段与所述安全壳内置换料水箱相连通。
在一些实施例中,所述第一取水管段以及所述第二取水管段与所述安全壳内置换料水箱之间均设置有地坑滤网。
在一些实施例中,所述第一冷段管段以及所述第二冷段管段的两端均设置有电控阀,所述第一输出管段以及所述第二输出管段上均设置有三个逆止阀。
在一些实施例中,所述第一热段管道以及所述第二热段管道部分位于所述安全壳边界外,部分位于所述安全壳边界内,还分别设置有电控阀以及三个逆止阀,所述第一热段管道以及所述第二热段管道上的电控阀均设置于所述安全壳边界外,所述第一热段管道以及所述第二热段管道上的三个逆止阀均设置于所述安全壳边界内。
在一些实施例中,所述第一安注泵、第二安注泵、第三安注泵、第四安注泵的输出端均设置有逆止阀。
在一些实施例中,所述第一安注泵、第二安注泵、第三安注泵、第四安注泵均为中压安注泵。
实施本发明实施例至少具有以下有益效果:
本发明通过设置两个管线,并在每个管线上并联设置两个安注泵,同时将两个安注泵的其中一个设置为与另一个管线相连通,使得四个安注泵均可独立通过DVI管线向反应堆压力容器泵送应急冷却剂,针对大破口事故,可以存在至少两个安注泵同时向堆芯注入冷却剂,针对破口直径小于DVI管线内径的小破口事故,至少存在一个安注泵向堆芯注入冷却剂,满足了不同事故工况下对于反应堆所需要的冷却剂的量的要求,且无需在注入的过程中针对不同的情况进行安注泵的切换,有效缩短事故后应急堆芯注水过程,减少操作步骤,避免了操作错误的可能,提高了应急堆芯注入功能的可靠性;
同时,在应对各种反应堆冷却剂系统管道破口事故,且在考虑最不利单一故障的情况下,均存在相应的安注泵向反应堆内泵送应急冷却剂,降低了破口事故对堆芯损坏的概率,同时系统结构简单,两个独立的安全注入列对应的暖通、电气、仪控系统也较少,合理降低冗余度,减少了安注泵的数量以及配套系统,以及容纳这些系统和设备的厂房的规模,大大降低了系统建造成本,有利于系统安全性和经济性的平衡设计。
下面将结合附图及实施例对本申请作进一步说明,附图中:
图1是本发明一实施例的应急堆芯冷却系统的结构示意图;
图2是现有技术一的应急堆芯冷却系统的结构示意图;
图3是现有技术二的应急堆芯冷却系统的结构示意图;
图4是现有技术三的应急堆芯冷却系统的结构示意图;
图5是现有技术四的应急堆芯冷却系统的结构示意图。
为了对本申请的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解,现对照附图详细说明本申请的具体实施方式。以下描述中,需要理解的是,“前”、“后”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“纵”、“横”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“头”、“尾”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系、以特定的方位构造和操作,仅是为了便于描述本技术方案,而不是指示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位,因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
还需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”、“设置”等术语应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或成一体;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。当一个元件被称为在另一元件“上”或“下”时,该元件能够“直接地”或“间接地”位于另一元件之上,或者也可能存在一个或更多个居间元件。术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅是为了便于描述本技术方案,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量,由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
以下描述中,为了说明而不是为了限定,提出了诸如特定系统结构、技术之类的具体细节,以便透彻理解本申请实施例。然而,本领域的技术人员应当清楚,在没有这些具体细节的其它实施例中也可以实现本申请。在其它情况中,省略对众所周知的系统、装置、电路以及方法的详细说明,以免不必要的细节妨碍本申请的描述。
图1示出了本发明构造的一种应急堆芯冷却系统,用于在反应堆发生破口导致冷却剂丧失事故(LOCA)时向反应堆及时注入应急冷却剂(在本实施例中为冷却水),以避免堆芯燃料包壳损坏和放射性物质的不可控释放。该应急堆芯冷却系统包括第一管线1以及第二管线2。
该第一管线1包括第一安注泵101、第二安注泵 102、第一应急堆芯注水管道以及第一连接管道15。该第二管线2包括第三安注泵201、第四安注泵202、第二应急堆芯注水管道以及第二连接管道25。其中,该第一应急堆芯注水管道以及第二应急堆芯注水管道的输入端均与安全壳内置换料水箱001相连通,利用安全壳内置换料水箱001内的水作为应急冷却剂,在发生应急冷却剂丧失事故时将其注入堆芯。该第一应急堆芯注水管道以及第二应急堆芯注水管道输出端分别与反应堆压力容器相连通,以向反应堆压力容器注入应急冷却剂。该第一应急堆芯注水管道以及第二应急堆芯注水管道的设置使得两者均可以独立地进行注水工作,以满足独立性要求。具体地,该第一应急堆芯注水管道的输出端与反应堆压力容器的第一接口109相连通,该第二应急堆芯注水管道的输出端与反应堆压力容器的第二接口209相连通。
该第一安注泵101设置于第一应急堆芯注水管道上,用于自安全壳内置换料水箱001通过第一应急堆芯注水管道向第一接口109泵送冷却水。该第一连接管道15的输入端与安全壳内置换料水箱001相连通,输出端与第二接口209相连通,该第二安注泵102设置于第一连接管道15上,用于利用第一管线1的动力向第二接口209泵送应急冷却剂,避免在例如第二管线2失去动力源同时第一应急堆芯注水管道出现破口时,该应急堆芯冷却系统无法向反应堆注入应急冷却剂。
该第三安注泵201设置于第二应急堆芯注水管道上,用于自安全壳内置换料水箱001通过第二应急堆芯注水管道向第二接口209泵送冷却水。该第二连接管道 25的输入端与安全壳内置换料水箱001相连通,输出端与第一接口109相连通,该第四安注泵202设置于第二连接管道25上,用于利用第二管线2的动力向第一接口109泵送应急冷却剂,避免在例如第一管线1失去动力源同时第二应急堆芯注水管道出现破口时,该应急堆芯冷却系统无法向反应堆注入应急冷却剂。
本发明通过每个管线上并联设置两个安注泵,使得在反应堆冷却剂系统主管道上发生大破口事故时,即使按照单一故障准则,在最不利工况下,存在其中一条管线出现故障(如第二管线2失去动力源,第三安注泵201以及第四安注泵202无法运转),此时依旧存在一条管线(第一管线1)上的两个安注泵(第一安注泵101以及第二安注泵102)可以同时向堆芯注水,确保注水流量满足主管道大破口事故的需水量。
在发生破口直径小于DVI管线内径的小破口事故时(如第二管线2发生破口事故),由于管线的破口尺寸小于主管道破口尺寸,故压力下降相对较慢,同时需补充的水量较少,此时仅需要保证一个安注泵有效,即可以补偿事故工况的一回路冷却剂的损失。故在此前提下,即使按照单一故障准则,在最不利工况下,另一条没有破口的管线(第一管线1)上的其中一个安注泵(如第二安注泵102)发生故障无法运转,其剩余的一个安注泵(第一安注泵101)也可以单独实现注水作业。
即,本申请通过两条管线、每条管线上设置两个并联的安注泵,不论在何种事故工况下,仅需完成一次启动,即可以满足所有的事故工况的处理,无需针对不同的事故工况,切换不同的安注泵,一次开启安注泵的操作即可以完成事故的处理应对,避免了安注泵切换过程所导致的安注流量中断风险,减少了操作步骤,避免了操作错误的可能。
同时,本申请所构造的应急堆芯注入系统,无需设置不同型号(如高压、中压、低压安注泵)的安注泵,仅需一种安注泵即可以处理全部的事故工况,减少了安注泵的数量以及其他支持配套系统(如暖通、电气、仪控、厂房、动力源设备等)的设置,系统配置更简洁、成本更低、经济性更高。在本实施例中,该第一管线1所有设备均共用一列应急柴油机供电。该第二管线2所有设备也均共用一列应急柴油机供电,以确保两条管线之间的独立性。需要理解的是,“失去动力源”在本实施例中指的是该管线共用的应急柴油机无法向该管线供电。
需要理解的是,该第一管线1以及第二管线2可分别通过第一接口109以及第二接口209与反应堆压力容器的下降段直接连通,使得应急冷却剂被泵送至反应堆压力容器的下降段,进而实现快速应急注入的效果。
在一些实施例中,该第一安注泵101、第二安注泵 102、第三安注泵201、第四安注泵202均为中压安注泵。该中压安注泵的选择,配合两个管线、每个管线两个安注泵的设置,使得该应急堆芯冷却系统可以应对大破口、小破口等多种类型的事故问题。如在大破口事故中,可同时启用四个安注泵,以提高整体地流量。在小破口事故中,无需较大流量,可仅使用其中一个或两个安注泵。
需要理解的是,现有的安注泵分为高压安注泵、中压安注泵以及低压安注泵,安注泵的适用压力越高,其泵送的流量越低,而在大破口事故中,一回路由于大破口出现导致其背压下降较快,可以满足中压安注泵的启动需求,此时仅需要多个安注泵并联即可实现流量需求的满足。在小破口事故中,由于破口较小,故此时的背压下降较慢,前期可能无法达到中压安注泵的启动要求(即达到其扬程范围内),此时可以通过将安注泵搭配蒸汽发生器二次侧中压快速冷却阀,通过中压快速冷却阀对反应堆进行快速降压,使得一回路背压快速降低至满足中压安注泵的启动要求。
在一些实施例中,该第一管线1还包括第一安注箱104,该第二管线 2还包括第二安注箱204,两者均用于非能动地向反应堆注入应急冷却剂,以作为非能动的补充注射功能,无论发生怎样的破口事故,只要一回路的压力降低至目标压力以下,即可向其注水。
具体地,该第一安注箱 104设置于第一应急堆芯注水管道上,且设置于第一安注泵101的下游。该第二安注箱204设置于第二应急堆芯注水管道上,且设置于第三安注泵201的下游,以便于更快地向反应堆内进行应急冷却剂的注入。
需要理解的是,该第一安注箱104以及第二安注箱204内部均含有硼水,依靠压缩氮气覆盖提供快速注射,可采用现有技术实现。
在一些实施例中,该第一管线1还包括第一安注换热器103,该第二管线2还包括第二安注换热器203,两者均用于对各安注泵泵送的水进行换热,降低冷却水的温度,提高冷却效果,进而缩短堆芯热量的导出至安全壳外的路径。
具体地,该第一安注换热器103设置于第一安注泵101的下游,该第二安注换热器203设置于第三安注泵201的下游。
在本实施例中,该第一连接管道15的输出端与第二安注换热器 203以及第三安注泵201之间的管道相连通,使得经由第二安注泵102泵出的冷却水,可以在第二安注换热器203进行换热降温。该第二连接管道25的输出端与第一安注换热器103以及第一安注泵101之间的管道相连通。使得经由第四安注泵202泵出的冷却水,可以在第一安注换热器103进行换热降温。
在一些实施例中,该第一应急堆芯注水管道包括第一冷段管段11以及第一输出管段13。其中,该第一冷段管段11位于安全壳边界外,其输入端与安全壳内置换料水箱001相连通,输出端与第一输出管段13的输入端相连通,该第一输出管段13位于安全壳边界内,其输出端与第一接口109相连通。该第一安注泵101以及第一安注换热器103均设置于第一冷段管段11上,该第一安注箱104与第一输出管段13相连通。
该第二应急堆芯注水管道包括第二冷段管段21以及第二输出管段23。其中,该第二冷段管段21位于安全壳边界外,其输入端与安全壳内置换料水箱001相连通,输出端与第二输出管段23的输入端相连通。该第二输出管段23位于安全壳边界内,其输出端与第二接口209相连通。该第三安注泵201以及第二安注换热器203均设置于第二冷段管段21上,该第二安注箱204与第二输出管段23相连通。
需要理解的是,由于该安全壳内置换料水箱001设置于安全壳内,故该第一应急堆芯注水管道还包括第一取水管段12,其输入端与安全壳内置换料水箱001相连通,输出端与第一冷段管段11的输入端相连通。该第二应急堆芯注水管道还包括第二取水管段22,其输入端与安全壳内置换料水箱001相连通,输出端与第二冷段管段21的输入端相连通。
在其他一些可选的实施例中,该第一应急堆芯注水管道以及第二应急堆芯注水管道还可以共用一条取水管段,通过将该取水管段的输出端分别连通第一冷段管段11以及第二冷段管段21的输入端即可,以减少在安全壳上的贯穿数量。
在一些实施例中,该第一取水管段12以及第二取水管段22与安全壳内置换料水箱001之间还设置有地坑滤网,以过滤掉冷却水中的杂质。
在一些实施例中,该第一冷段管段11的输入端以及输出端分别设置有电控阀,分别为第一电控阀108以及第二电控阀110。该第二冷段管段21的输入端以及输出端也分别设置有电控阀,分别为第三电控阀208以及第四电控阀210。
在一些实施例中,该第一输出管段13上设置有三个逆止阀,分别为第一逆止阀105、第二逆止阀106以及第三逆止阀107。该第二输出管段23也设置有三个逆止阀,分别为第四逆止阀205、第五逆止阀206以及第六逆止阀207。
需要理解的是,由于该第一输出管段13以及第二输出管段23所连接的设备结构为反应堆的压力边界,故第一输出管段13以及第二输出管段23距离第一接口109以及第二接口209最近的部分分别要设置至少两个逆止阀。安全壳为反应堆的另一压力边界,故在安全壳的内外也需分别再设置一个逆止阀和电控阀。故在第一输出管段13以及第二输出管段23分别设置有三个逆止阀,在第一冷段管段11以及第二冷段管段21的输出端分别设置有电控阀。
在一些实施例中,该第一连接管道15的输入端与第一取水管段12的输出端相连通,该第一连接管道15通过第一取水管段12与安全壳内置换料水箱001相连通。该第二连接管道25的输入端与第二取水管段22的输出端相连通,第二连接管道25通过第二取水管段22与安全壳内置换料水箱001相连通。通过共用第一取水管段12以及第二取水管段22自安全壳内置换料水箱001内取水,可以减少安全壳边界的贯穿孔设置数量,降低安全壳泄漏或旁通的风险,同时减少了管道的设置数量和总长度,提高了应急堆芯冷却系统的经济性。
在本实施例中,该第一连接管道15的输出端与第一电控阀108以及第一安注泵101之间的第一冷段管段11相连通,进而与第一取水管段12的输出端相连通。该第二连接管道25的输出端与第三电控阀208以及第三安注泵201之间的第二冷段管段21相连通,进而与第二取水管段22的输出端相连通。可以减少在安全壳边界处所设置的电控阀的数量,进一步提高应急堆芯冷却系统的经济性能。
在其他一些可选的实施例中,该第一取水管段12的输出端(第二取水管段22的输出端)还可以与第一冷段管段11(第二冷段管段21)的输入端以及第一连接管道15(第二连接管道25)的输入端之间通过三通阀等连接阀门实现三条管道的连通,并在第一冷段管段11(第二冷段管段21)的输入端以及第一连接管道15(第二连接管道25)的输入端上分别设置电控阀。
在其他一些可选的实施例中,还可以将第一取水管段12的输出端(第二取水管段22的输出端)与第一连接管道15(第二连接管道25)的输入端相连通,第一冷段管段11(第二冷段管段21)的输入端连通于第二安注泵102(第四安注泵202)上游的第一连接管道15(第二连接管道25)上,通过部分第一连接管道15(第二连接管道25)实现与第一取水管段12的输出端(第二取水管段22的输出端)连通。
在其他一些可选的实施例中,还可以设置四条取水管段,分别将其输入端与安全壳内置换料水箱001相连通,输出端则分别与第一连接管道15的输入端、第二连接管道25的输入端、第一冷段管段11的输入端以及第二冷段管段21的输入端相连通。
在一些实施例中,该第一管线1还包括第一热段管道14,该第一热段管道14的输入端与第一冷段管段11相连通,输出端与其中一个反应堆环路热段相连通。该第二管线2还包括第二热段管道24,该第二热段管道24的输入端与第二冷段管段21相连通,输出端与另一个反应堆环路热段相连通。该第一热段管道14以及第二热段管道24用于在破口发生在反应堆环路热段时,向其中注入应急冷却剂。而两个独立地热段管道的设置,在满足独立性原则的同时,还可以满足单一故障准则,保证在其中一个出现故障时,另一个还可以投入使用。
需要理解的是,该反应堆环路热段的数量为三个,且之间相互连通,故该第一热段管道14以及第二热段管道24的输出端可任意与两个不同的反应堆环路热段相连通。
在一些实施例中,该第一热段管道14以及第二热段管道24分别部分设置于安全壳边界外,部分位于安全壳边界内。且位于安全壳边界外的部分管道上也设置有电控阀,位于安全壳边界内的部分管道上也设置有三个逆止阀。以保护两道压力边界,在此不再赘述。
在本实施例中,该第一热段管道14的输入端与第一安注换热器103以及第二电控阀110之间的管道相连通,该第二热段管道24的输入端与第二安注换热器203以及第四电控阀210之间的管道相连通。
需要理解的是,该第一热段管道14以及第二热段管道24的输出端可以与余热排出系统共用接管嘴,与反应堆环路热段相连通。进而减少反应堆主设备上的开口数量,降低了反应堆冷却剂系统主管道发生破口事故的概率。
在一些实施例中,该第一管线1还包括第三连接管道16,其两端分别与第一安注箱104以及第一输出管段13相连通,用于将第一安注箱104内的应急冷却剂通过第一输出管段13输出至反应堆压力容器。该第二管线2还包括第四连接管道26,其两端分别与第二安注箱204以及第二输出管段23相连通,用于将第二安注箱204内的应急冷却剂通过第二输出管段23输出至反应堆压力容器。
具体地,该第三连接管道16上还设置有第五电控阀113以及第七逆止阀114,其中该第五电控阀113位于该第七逆止阀114的上游。该第四连接管道26上还设置有第六电控阀213以及第八逆止阀214,其中该第六电控阀213位于第八逆止阀214的上游。
在一些实施例中,该第一安注泵101的输出端设置有第九逆止阀111,该第二安注泵 102的输出端设置有第十逆止阀112,该第三安注泵201的输出端设置有第十一逆止阀211,该第四安注泵202的输出端设置有第十二逆止阀212,以防止应急冷却剂的倒流。
在本实施例中,该第一连接管道15的输出端与第十一逆止阀211以及第二安注换热器203之间的管道相连通,该第二连接管道25的输出端与第九逆止阀111以及第一安注换热器103之间的管道相连通。
下面通过核电机组不同的状态下应急堆芯冷却系统的不同反应,对该应急堆芯冷却系统进行进一步说明:
在机组正常运行期间。为保证在事故发生时可以及时响应,该应急堆芯冷却系统始终处于备用状态,此时两个主管道上、第三连接管道16、第四连接管道26上的阀门(除逆止阀外)均处于开启状态,第一热段管道14以及第二热段管道24上的阀门均处于关闭状态,第一安注泵101、第二安注泵 102、第三安注泵201、第四安注泵202均处于停机备用状态。
在机组发生大破口(LB-LOCA)和破口尺寸较大的中LOCA工况下。由于机组破口较大,此时一回路泄压较快,背压可快速降低至各中压安注泵的适用压力以下,应急堆芯注入信号触发四个安注泵启动(同时当一回路的压力降低至两个安注箱的氮气压力以下时,两个非能动的安注箱也向堆芯进行应急冷却剂的注入),向堆芯注入冷却水,实现堆芯的再淹没,恢复堆芯水装量。
此时考虑最不利的单一故障,其中一个管线(如第一管线1)无法使用,该应急堆芯冷却系统还可以通过另一个完好的管线(第二管线2)中的两个安注泵对堆芯注入应急冷却剂。
在发生压力容器直接注入破口事故(DVI-LOCA)时,即该第一输出管段13或第二输出管段23发生破口事故。此时其中一条管线无法使用(如第一管线1),该应急堆芯冷却系统仅能通过另一条管线(第二管线2)中的两个安注泵对堆芯注入应急冷却剂。当背压降低至两个中压安注泵的适用压力以下,应急堆芯注入信号触发两个安注泵启动(在此过程中,当一回路的压力降低至第二安注箱204的氮气压力以下时,其也开始向堆芯进行应急冷却剂的注入),向堆芯注入冷却水,实现堆芯的再淹没,恢复堆芯水装量。
此时考虑最不利单一故障,如该第二管线2的动力供应失效(应急柴油机失效),该第二管线2的两个安注泵无法启动使用。此时还可以通过第一管线1的应急柴油机,供应第一管线1的第二安注泵102,通过第一连接管道15与第二应急堆芯注水管道相连通,进而实现向堆芯注入冷却水。
需要理解的是,在此过程中,若发生此种破口事故,并发生了此种单一故障,导致仅有一个安注泵可用,但反应堆背压又较高,无法将至安注泵的启动压力,此时可以配合蒸汽发生器二次侧中压快速冷却阀快速降低一回路压力。
在发生余热排出模式下的余热排出系统管线破口。此时两个余热排出系统中发生破口的一个被隔离,仅剩余另一个在运行。此时考虑单一故障准则,在运行的余热排出系统出现故障并停运。此时可以通过该应急堆芯冷却系统向一回路注水,同时开启稳压器(PZR)安全阀,通过卸压箱以及与卸压箱连接的联通安全壳内置换料水箱的回水管线向安全壳内置换料水箱内排水,实现一回路的充-排功能,堆芯的热量将排放至安全壳内置换料水箱中,安全壳内置换料水箱内热量最终由第一安注换热器103和第二安注换热器203通过换热冷却带走,进而代替余热排出系统进行排热,以缩短堆芯热量的导出至安全壳外的路径。
可以理解的,以上实施例仅表达了本发明的部分实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制;应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,可以对上述技术特点进行自由组合,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围;因此,凡跟本发明权利要求范围所做的等同变换与修饰,均应属于本发明权利要求的涵盖范围。
Claims (13)
- 一种应急堆芯冷却系统,其特征在于,包括:第一管线(1),包括第一安注泵(101)、第二安注泵(102)、第一应急堆芯注水管道以及用于向反应堆压力容器的第二接口(209)输送应急冷却剂的第一连接管道(15),所述第一应急堆芯注水管道的输入端与安全壳内置换料水箱(001)相连通,输出端与反应堆压力容器的第一接口(109)相连通,所述第一安注泵(101)设置于所述第一应急堆芯注水管道上,所述第一连接管道(15)的输入端与所述安全壳内置换料水箱(001)相连通,输出端与所述第二接口(209)相连通,所述第二安注泵(102)设置于所述第一连接管道(15)上;第二管线(2),包括第三安注泵(201)、第四安注泵(202)、第二应急堆芯注水管道以及用于向所述第一接口(109)输送应急冷却剂的第二连接管道(25),所述第二应急堆芯注水管道的输入端与所述安全壳内置换料水箱(001)相连通,输出端与所述第二接口(209)相连通,所述第三安注泵(201)设置于所述第二应急堆芯注水管道上,所述第二连接管道(25)的输入端与所述安全壳内置换料水箱(001)相连通,输出端与所述第一接口(109)相连通,所述第四安注泵(202)设置于所述第二连接管道(25)上。
- 根据权利要求1所述的应急堆芯冷却系统,其特征在于,所述第一管线(1)还包括第一安注箱(104),所述第一安注箱(104)设置于所述第一安注泵(101)的下游,所述第二管线(2)还包括第二安注箱(204),所述第二安注箱(204)设置于所述第三安注泵(201)的下游。
- 根据权利要求1所述的应急堆芯冷却系统,其特征在于,所述第一管线(1)还包括第一安注换热器(103),所述第二管线(2)还包括第二安注换热器(203),所述第一安注换热器(103)设置于所述第一安注泵(101)的下游,所述第二安注换热器(203)设置于所述第三安注泵(201)的下游;所述第一连接管道(15)的输出端与所述第二安注换热器(203)以及所述第三安注泵(201)之间的管道相连通,所述第二连接管道(25)的输出端与所述第一安注换热器(103)以及所述第一安注泵(101)之间的管道相连通。
- 根据权利要求2所述的应急堆芯冷却系统,其特征在于,所述第一应急堆芯注水管道包括位于安全壳边界外的第一冷段管段(11)以及位于安全壳边界内的第一输出管段(13),所述第一冷段管段(11)的两端分别与所述安全壳内置换料水箱(001)以及所述第一输出管段(13)的输入端相连通,所述第一输出管段(13)的输出端与所述第一接口(109)相连通,所述第一安注泵(101)设置于所述第一冷段管段(11)上,所述第一安注箱(104)与所述第一输出管段(13)相连通;所述第二管线(2)包括位于安全壳边界外的第二冷段管段(21)以及位于安全壳边界内的第二输出管段(23),所述第二冷段管段(21)的两端分别与所述安全壳内置换料水箱(001)以及所述第二输出管段(23)的输入端相连通,所述第二输出管段(23)的输出端与所述第二接口(209)相连通,所述第三安注泵(201)设置于所述第二冷段管段(21)上,所述第二安注箱(204)与所述第二输出管段(23)相连通。
- 根据权利要求4所述的应急堆芯冷却系统,其特征在于,所述第一管线(1)还包括第一热段管道(14),所述第一热段管道(14)的输入端与所述第一冷段管段(11)的输出端相连通,所述第一热段管道(14)的输出端与其中一个反应堆环路热段相连通;所述第二管线(2)还包括第二热段管道(24),所述第二热段管道(24)的输入端与所述第二冷段管段(21)的输出端相连通,所述第二热段管道(24)的输出端与另一个所述反应堆环路热段相连通。
- 根据权利要求4所述的应急堆芯冷却系统,其特征在于,所述第一管线(1)还包括两端分别与所述第一安注箱(104)以及所述第一输出管段(13)相连通的第三连接管道(16),所述第三连接管道(16)上设置有逆止阀以及电控阀;所述第二管线(2)还包括两端分别与所述第二安注箱(204)以及所述第二输出管段(23)相连通的第四连接管道(26)所述第四连接管道(26)上设置有逆止阀以及电控阀。
- 根据权利要求4所述的应急堆芯冷却系统,其特征在于,所述第一管线(1)还包括位于安全壳边界内的第一取水管段(12),所述第一取水管段(12)的两端分别与所述安全壳内置换料水箱(001)以及所述第一冷段管段(11)的输入端相连通;所述第二管线(2)还包括位于安全壳边界内的第二取水管段(22),所述第二取水管段(22)的两端分别与所述安全壳内置换料水箱(001)以及所述第二冷段管段(21)的输入端相连通。
- 根据权利要求7所述的应急堆芯冷却系统,其特征在于,所述第一连接管道(15)的输入端与所述第一取水管段(12)的输出端相连通,并通过所述第一取水管段(12)与所述安全壳内置换料水箱(001)相连通;所述第二连接管道(25)的输入端与所述第二取水管段(22)的输出端相连通,通过所述第二取水管段(22)与所述安全壳内置换料水箱(001)相连通。
- 根据权利要求7所述的应急堆芯冷却系统,其特征在于,所述第一取水管段(12)以及所述第二取水管段(22)与所述安全壳内置换料水箱(001)之间均设置有地坑滤网。
- 根据权利要求4所述的应急堆芯冷却系统,其特征在于,所述第一冷段管段(11)以及所述第二冷段管段(21)的两端均设置有电控阀,所述第一输出管段(13)以及所述第二输出管段(23)上均设置有三个逆止阀。
- 根据权利要求5所述的应急堆芯冷却系统,其特征在于,所述第一热段管道(14)以及所述第二热段管道(24)部分位于所述安全壳边界外,部分位于所述安全壳边界内,还分别设置有电控阀以及三个逆止阀,所述第一热段管道(14)以及所述第二热段管道(24)上的电控阀均设置于所述安全壳边界外,所述第一热段管道(14)以及所述第二热段管道(24)上的三个逆止阀均设置于所述安全壳边界内。
- 根据权利要求1所述的应急堆芯冷却系统,其特征在于,所述第一安注泵(101)、第二安注泵(102)、第三安注泵(201)、第四安注泵(202)的输出端均设置有逆止阀。
- 根据权利要求1所述的应急堆芯冷却系统,其特征在于,所述第一安注泵(101)、第二安注泵(102)、第三安注泵(201)、第四安注泵(202)均为中压安注泵。
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