WO2025208652A1 - 读取器、载波发送节点和环境供能设备间的信号功率控制方法、功率偏置方法及相关设备 - Google Patents
读取器、载波发送节点和环境供能设备间的信号功率控制方法、功率偏置方法及相关设备Info
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- WO2025208652A1 WO2025208652A1 PCT/CN2024/086287 CN2024086287W WO2025208652A1 WO 2025208652 A1 WO2025208652 A1 WO 2025208652A1 CN 2024086287 W CN2024086287 W CN 2024086287W WO 2025208652 A1 WO2025208652 A1 WO 2025208652A1
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- Prior art keywords
- power
- supply device
- channel
- node
- signal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
- H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
Definitions
- the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of wireless communication technology, and specifically to a signal power control method, a power bias method, and related equipment between a reader, a carrier transmitting node, and an environmental energy supply device.
- IoT Internet of Things
- NB-IoT narrowband IoT
- MTC machine-type communication
- 5G lightweight RedCap terminals require batteries that require regular battery replacement or charging.
- Ambient IoT terminals are not suitable for extreme environments, such as high temperatures and high voltages.
- Ambient IoT terminals primarily utilize the external environment (e.g., light, radio waves, motion, heat, etc.) for energy. These devices do not require batteries or have only low power storage capacity (e.g., capacitors), eliminating the need for manual battery replacement or charging and effectively avoiding the challenges of existing IoT systems.
- NB-IoT, MTC, and RedCap terminals Ambient IoT terminals will be less complex, consume less power, and be less expensive. For example, NB-IoT consumes milliwatts, while Ambient IoT terminals consume microwatts. Because Ambient IoT terminals are a new type of terminal, there is currently no established system solution for power control of signals related to Ambient IoT terminals.
- the embodiments of the present application provide a method to solve the problems existing in the prior art.
- the present application provides a power control method for a first channel received by an environmental energy supply device, performed by a first reading node.
- the method comprises: determining a transmit power of the first channel; and transmitting the first channel to the environmental energy supply device based on the transmit power; wherein the first reading node is a base station or an intermediate node.
- the present application also provides a method for controlling the power of a carrier transmitted by a carrier transmitting node, the method being performed by the carrier transmitting node, wherein the carrier is used to supply power to an environmental power supply device or to generate a backscattered signal.
- the method comprises: determining a transmit power of the carrier, and transmitting the carrier to the environmental power supply device based on the transmit power.
- the present application also provides a method for power offsetting a channel from a reader to an ambient power supply device, performed by the reader.
- the method comprises: determining the power of a pilot signal sent by the reader to the ambient power supply device; and determining a first power offset of a control or data signal relative to the pilot signal, and determining the power of the control or data signal based on the first power offset.
- the present application also provides a wireless communication device, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is used to store program instructions, and when the program instructions are executed by the processor, they are used to implement any of the above methods.
- the present application also provides a readable storage medium for storing program instructions.
- program instructions When the program instructions are executed by a processor, they are used to implement any of the above methods.
- Figure 1 shows the network topology types of IoT devices with an ambient energy supply mechanism.
- FIG2 shows a schematic diagram of the backscatter communication principle.
- FIG3 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the wave sending node and the environmental energy supply equipment in the first network topology type.
- FIG4 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the wave sending node and the environmental energy supply device in the second network topology type.
- FIG5 is a schematic diagram of spectrum deployment of ambient-powered IoT device signals under the first network topology type.
- the intermediate node can be a relay, an integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, a user equipment (UE), a repeater, etc.
- IAB integrated access backhaul
- UE user equipment
- the intermediate node can be a relay, an integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, a user equipment (UE), a repeater, etc.
- topology 3 communication is performed between the auxiliary node and the IoT terminal, that is, the IoT terminal receives information from the auxiliary node, and the auxiliary node receives information from the base station; the IoT terminal and the base station communicate, that is, the IoT terminal sends information to the base station.
- the IoT terminal communicates with the base station, receiving information from the base station.
- the IoT terminal communicates with the auxiliary node, sending information to the auxiliary node and vice versa.
- Ambient-powered Internet of Things (A-IoT) terminals can be divided into two categories: one is A-IoT terminals that can generate their own signals; the other is A-IoT terminals that cannot actively generate signals.
- This type of A-IoT terminal obtains and transmits backscattered signals by receiving third-party signals (carrier, CW). Therefore, this type of A-IoT terminal can also be called an A-IoT terminal based on backscatter communication. Because backscatter communication does not actively generate carrier signals, the power consumption of A-IoT terminals based on backscatter communication is lower than that of the previous type of A-IoT terminals.
- the signal sent by the A-IoT terminal to the base station/intermediate node/UE can be a self-generated signal or a backscattered signal.
- CWs carrier waves
- A-IoT terminals collect energy by receiving CWs.
- A-IoT terminals can all obtain energy by receiving CWs.
- Another function of CWs is for backscatter communication.
- the uplink signals of the aforementioned devices 1 and 2a are backscatter signals generated by the terminals receiving CWs.
- the node that provides CWs can be a base station, an intermediate node, a UE, or a third-party node.
- the device that transmits CW may be inside or outside the topology.
- Figure 3 shows the relationship between the CW transmitting node and the ambient energy supply device in the first network topology type.
- topology 1 includes a base station and a terminal.
- the CW node is within the topology, that is, the CW node is a base station.
- the base station that sends the CW and receives the signal from the terminal is the same base station.
- gNB1 sends the first channel and CW to the environmental power supply device, and the environmental power supply device sends the second channel to gNB1.
- the CW node is outside the topology, meaning that the device generating the CW is a third-party device other than the base station and the terminal.
- gNB1 transmits the first channel to the ambient power device; the ambient power device transmits the second channel to gNB1; and the third-party device transmits the CW to the ambient power device.
- the above three configurations are mainly for device types device 1 and device 2a.
- device type device 2b since device 2b can actively generate signals, there is no restriction on the device that generates CW.
- FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the downlink transmission node and the ambient energy supply device in the second network topology.
- topology 2 includes a base station (gNB), an intermediate node, and an ambient energy supply device.
- gNB base station
- intermediate node intermediate node
- ambient energy supply device ambient energy supply device
- the CW node is within the topology, meaning it's an intermediate node.
- the intermediate node sending the CW signal (intermediate node 1) and the intermediate node receiving the signal from the terminal (intermediate node 2) are different nodes.
- Intermediate node 1 sends the first channel, including the CW signal, to the device.
- the first channel is used by the ambient power device to receive signals that do not include the CW signal.
- the ambient power device then sends the second channel, also used by the ambient power device to send signals, to intermediate node 2.
- the CW node is within the topology, meaning it's an intermediate node.
- the intermediate node that sends the CW signal is the same node that receives the signal from the terminal.
- Intermediate node 1 sends the first channel and the CW signal to the ambient power device; the ambient power device sends the second channel to intermediate node 1.
- the CW node is outside the topology, meaning that the device generating the CW is a third-party device other than the base station, intermediate node, or terminal.
- intermediate node 1 transmits the first channel to the ambient power supply device; the ambient power supply device transmits the second channel to intermediate node 1; and the third-party device transmits the CW to the ambient power supply device.
- Topology 1 includes a base station (gNB) and a device.
- gNB base station
- the CW node is within the topology and CW is transmitted in the uplink spectrum.
- the CW node is the gNB, and CW is transmitted in the uplink spectrum; D2R is sent in the uplink spectrum; and R2D is sent in the downlink spectrum.
- the CW node is outside the topology and CW is transmitted in the uplink spectrum.
- the CW node is a transmitting external node, and CW is transmitted in the uplink spectrum; D2R is sent in the uplink spectrum; and R2D is sent in the downlink spectrum.
- Topology 2 includes a gNB, an intermediate node, and a device.
- the CW node is within the topology and CW is transmitted on the uplink spectrum.
- the CW node is the user equipment (UE), and CW is transmitted on the uplink spectrum; D2R is sent on the uplink spectrum; and R2D is sent on the uplink spectrum.
- UE user equipment
- the CW node is outside the topology and CW is transmitted in the downlink spectrum.
- the CW node is the UE, and CW is transmitted in the downlink spectrum; D2R is sent in the downlink spectrum; and R2D is sent in the uplink spectrum.
- the CW node is outside the topology and CW is transmitted in the uplink spectrum.
- the CW node is the UE and CW is transmitted in the uplink spectrum; D2R is sent in the uplink spectrum; and R2D is sent in the uplink spectrum.
- the receiver of the first channel/signal is the terminal, the first channel/signal does not include CW, and the sender of the first channel/signal can be a base station or an intermediate node.
- the first channel/signal includes a first sequence (also called a timing signal), which is used to determine the start time of the first channel/signal or to obtain timing.
- the first channel/signal may also include data and/or control information, a second sequence (also called a midamble or synchronization signal) for synchronization, and a third sequence (also called a postamble) for synchronization or determining the end time of the first channel/signal.
- the sender of the second channel/signal is a terminal, and the receiver of the second channel/signal can be a base station or an intermediate node.
- the second channel/signal includes a fourth sequence (also called a timing signal), which is used to determine the start time of the second channel/signal or to obtain timing.
- the second channel/signal may also include data and/or control information, a fifth sequence (also called a midamble or synchronization signal) for synchronization, and a sixth sequence (also called a postamble) for synchronization or determining the end time of the second channel/signal.
- the third signal is a CW.
- the sender of the CW can be a base station, an intermediate node, or a third-party device other than the base station or intermediate node, and the receiver is the terminal.
- the CW has two functions: one is that the terminal receives the CW to collect energy, and the other is that the terminal receives the CW to generate a backscattered signal.
- uplink power control includes open-loop power control and closed-loop power control.
- Open-loop power control means the transmitter performs power control based on its own measurements without feedback from the receiver. This means the UE determines its transmit power independently, without the base station controlling the UE's transmit power.
- Closed-loop power control means the transmitter controls transmit power based on feedback from the receiver. The base station controls the UE's transmit power using transmit power adjustment parameters.
- the purposes of uplink power control include power conservation and interference control. For example, if the transmit power is too low, the receiver cannot receive the signal correctly, while if the transmit power is too high, it will cause unnecessary interference to neighboring cells.
- NR uplink channels include the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), and Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH).
- PUSCH, PUCCH, and SRS use closed-loop power control, while PRACH uses open-loop power control.
- i represents a transmission opportunity
- b represents an uplink activated bandwidth part (BWP)
- f represents a serving cell
- c represents a carrier
- u represents a subcarrier spacing parameter.
- the transmit power of PUSCH is determined according to the following formula:
- PCMAX,f,c (i) is the maximum transmit power of the UE
- PO_PUSCHb,f,c(j) is the target receive power, which is the sum of PO_NOMINAL_PUSCH,f,c(j) and PO_UE_PUSCHb,f,c(j).
- These two parameters are configured by the base station, one is a cell-common parameter and the other is a UE-specific parameter. is the number of resource blocks (RBs) occupied by PUSCH
- PLb,f,c(qd) is the path loss calculated by the UE based on the downlink reference signal.
- the downlink reference signal can be CSI-RS or SSB.
- PLb ,f,c ( qd ) referenceSignalPower-higher layer filtered RSRP, where referenceSignalPower is a parameter configured by the base station and higher layer filtered RSRP is the reference signal received power (RSRP) measured by the UE; ⁇ b ,f,c (j) is the path loss compensation factor, ranging from greater than 0 to less than or equal to 1; ⁇ TF,b,f,c(i) is the MCS power adjustment amount.
- Ks 1.25
- the base station dynamically indicates ⁇ PUSCH,b,f,c through the DCI.
- fb,f,c (i,l) ⁇ PUSCH,b,f,c
- the UE performs power calculation.
- the other is to use the accumulated power adjustment value.
- the base station dynamically indicates ⁇ PUSCH,b,f,c through the DCI.
- the UE accumulates all historically received ⁇ PUSCH,b,f,c values as the current fb,f,c (i,l) for power calculation.
- the values of ⁇ PUSCH,b,f,c are shown in Table 2.
- the base station can indicate one of these values using the TPC Command Field in the DCI.
- PCMAX,f,c (i) is the maximum transmit power of the UE;
- PPRACH,target,f,c is the target receive power, which is provided by higher-layer parameters;
- PLb,f,c is the path loss, which is measured by the UE using the SSB associated with PRACH.
- the specific calculation method is referenceSignalPower-higher layer filtered RSRP, where referenceSignalPower is the parameter configured by the base station and higher layer filtered RSRP is the RSRP measured by the UE.
- the difference between open-loop and closed-loop power control lies in whether the UE calculates transmit power with or without the base station's power adjustment factor, fb ,f,c (i,l).
- the power control method used in the NR system described above is not fully applicable to devices operating under the A-IoT mechanism. To address this issue, some embodiments of this application provide power control methods for corresponding wireless communication devices.
- Figure 7 is a schematic flow diagram illustrating a method for controlling the power of a first channel received by an environmental energy supply device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 7 , the method includes operation S101: determining the transmit power of the first channel; and operation S102: transmitting the first channel to the environmental energy supply device based on the transmit power.
- the first reading node is a base station or an intermediate node.
- the CW node transmits the CW while the intermediate node (UE) is transmitting the first channel to the environmental energy supply device (device), the CW will interfere with the environmental energy supply device's reception of the first channel (cross-link interference).
- the downlink signal in the communication system such as the NR system
- the uplink signal in the communication system will interfere with the first channel.
- the first channel will also interfere with the uplink or downlink signal in the communication system, affecting the signal transmission of the communication system.
- interference will also occur between the multiple intermediate nodes. For example, the transmission from one intermediate node to an environmental power supply device will interfere with the transmission of another intermediate node to another environmental power supply device (similar to inter-cell interference).
- the first channel may include a first sequence (also called a timing signal), which is used to indicate the start time of the first channel or to obtain timing.
- the first channel may also include data/control information, a second sequence (also called a midamble or synchronization signal) for synchronization, and a third sequence (also called a postamble) for synchronization or indicating the end time of the first channel.
- the device sending the first channel is a reader node (or network-side device).
- the reader node In topology 1, the reader node is the gNB, and in topology 2, the reader node is an intermediate node.
- the reader node sending the first channel In the presence of multiple readers (multiple devices receiving transmissions from the ambient power supply device), the reader node sending the first channel is referred to as the first reader node, and the other reader nodes are referred to as second reader nodes.
- Factors involved in the transmission power of the first channel may include one or more of the following: the receiving power P0 required by the environmental power supply device to detect the first channel, channel quality, interference amount, communication parameters of the first channel, and power adjustment amount.
- the transmission power of the first channel is determined based on the receiving power required by the environmental energy supply device to detect the first channel.
- the receiving power required by the environmental energy supply device to detect the first channel is determined based on one of the following methods: according to the preset configuration, the receiving power required by the environmental energy supply device to detect the first channel is directly determined, that is, the value of the required receiving power is directly given; according to the preset configuration, the receiving power required by the environmental energy supply device to detect the first channel is determined according to the type of the environmental energy supply device, for example, device type device 1 corresponds to one receiving power, and device type device 2a corresponds to another receiving power; or according to the preset configuration, the receiving power required by the environmental energy supply device to detect the first channel is determined according to the communication parameters of the first channel, wherein the communication parameters include at least one of the following: chip rate, number of bits, time domain and/or frequency domain resource size, frequency or modulation mode, for example, frequency 1 corresponds to one receiving power, and frequency 2 corresponds to another receiving
- the preset configuration can be a value or calculation method predefined by the communication protocol/communication standard.
- the aforementioned received power P0 required for detecting the first channel may be preconfigured within the first read node, or may be sent to the read node by the ambient energy supply device (directly to the first read node or via another read node), or may be sent to the first read node by the carrier transmitting node (i.e., a CW node) (for example, if the carrier transmitting node can receive backscattered signals, the carrier transmitting node may receive the received power indicated by the ambient energy supply device).
- the transmit power of the first channel should be greater than or equal to the received power.
- the transmit power of the first channel is determined based on channel quality.
- Channel quality may also be referred to as path loss.
- the transmit power of the first channel may be the sum of P0 and f(PL), where P0 is the received power and f(PL) is a function of the channel quality.
- the environmental energy supply device has no measurement capability.
- the first reading node measures the second channel from the environmental energy supply device and obtains the measurement result, and determines the transmission power of the first channel based on the measurement result of the second channel.
- the measurement quantity may be one or more of the following: reference signal received power (RSRP) in the A-IoT system, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), wherein the reference signal refers to the signal used to measure channel quality in the A-IoT system, which is different from the reference signal in the existing communication system (for example, CSI-RS, SSB, SRS, DMRS).
- the carrier transmitting node can notify the first reading node of the transmission power. In this way, the environmental power supply device does not need to notify the first reading node of the transmission power. If the environmental power supply device is activated/selected for the first time, has just entered the coverage area of the first reading node, or is communicating with the first reading node for the first time, the first reading node cannot perform measurements based on the signal from the environmental power supply device. In this case, a measurement result reference value can be predefined in the communication protocol, and the first reading node determines the transmission power of the first channel according to this reference value. In topology 2, the base station can configure the measurement result reference value to the first reading node as an intermediate node.
- the first reader node obtains measurement results of the second channel from the ambient energy supply device via a second reader node, and determines the channel quality based on the measurement results of the second channel, wherein the second reader node is the node that receives transmissions from the ambient energy supply device.
- the first reader node does not receive or directly receive transmissions from the ambient energy supply device; instead, the second reader node receives the transmissions from the ambient energy supply device.
- the second reader node performs measurements based on the signal from the ambient energy supply device (e.g., the second channel) and notifies the first reader of the measurement results.
- the first reader node determines the channel quality and the transmit power of the first channel based on the measurement results.
- a measurement result reference value can be predefined in the communication protocol, and the first reader node can use this reference value to determine the transmit power of the first channel.
- the base station can configure the measurement result reference value for the first reader node, which is an intermediate node.
- the base station can configure the measurement result reference value for the second reader node, which then sends the measurement result reference value to the first reader node.
- the first reading node receives the channel quality measurement result of the signal previously transmitted by the first reading node from the environmental energy supply device. That is, the environmental energy supply device measures the signal previously transmitted by the first reading node to obtain the measurement result, and the environmental function device transmits the measurement result to the first reading node.
- the environmental energy supply device has measurement capabilities, such as device type 2b.
- the environmental energy supply device receives the signal (e.g., the first signal or CW signal) from the first reading node, measures it, and transmits the measurement parameter (first parameter) to the first reading node (operation S103 shown in FIG7 ).
- the first parameter includes the channel quality measurement result.
- the first reading node determines the channel quality based on the measurement result, thereby determining the transmit power of the first channel. If the environmental energy supply device is activated/selected for the first time, has just entered the coverage area of the first reading node, or is communicating with the first reading node for the first time, the environmental energy supply device cannot perform measurements based on the signal from the first reading node. In this scenario, a measurement result reference value can be predefined in the communication protocol, and the first reading node determines the transmit power of the first channel based on this reference value. In topology 2, the base station can configure the measurement result reference value for the first reading node, which is an intermediate node.
- the first reader node receives a measurement result of the channel quality of a signal received from the first reader node by a carrier transmitting node, where the carrier transmitting node is used to supply power to the ambient power supply device or to generate a backscattered signal. That is, the carrier transmitting node (CW node) receives the signal transmitted by the first reader node, measures the path loss, and transmits the measurement result to the first reader node. Typically, a CW node is closer to the ambient power supply device. The CW node can receive signals from the first reader to assist in measuring the path loss and provide feedback to the first reader.
- the transmit power of the first channel is determined based on the amount of interference.
- the amount of interference may include one or more of the following: interference from CW, interference from other downlink signals in the communication system (for example, PDSCH, PDCCH, downlink reference signal in NR or 6G system), and interference from other uplink signals in the communication system (for example, PUSCH, PUCCH, uplink reference signal in NR or 6G system).
- the measurement of the amount of interference can be based on parameters such as SINR or RSRP in the A-IoT system.
- the communication system can be a new air interface (NR) system or other communication system that applies the A-IoT mechanism.
- the first reading node receives the interference amount of the downlink signal or the interference amount of the uplink signal measured by the carrier sending node.
- Some environmental power supply devices have measurement capabilities, for example, device type Device 2b, the environmental power supply device measures the interference from the CW node, the interference of the downlink signal in the communication system (when the first channel is transmitted through the DL spectrum) or the interference of the uplink signal in the communication system (when the first channel is transmitted through the UL spectrum).
- the environmental power supply device can send a first parameter to the first reading node (operation S103 in Figure 7), and the first parameter includes the interference amount.
- the first reading node determines the transmission power of the first channel based on the interference amount.
- This embodiment can also introduce a measurement window, and the environmental power supply device performs interference measurement within the measurement window.
- the first reading node does not send a signal to the environmental power supply device.
- the measurement window can be configured by the first reading node or the base station.
- the interference amount may be determined based on a preset interference amount value, that is, an interference amount reference value is preconfigured in the first reading node, and the transmit power of the first channel is determined according to the reference value.
- the amount of interference can be received from a user device or base station.
- a user device or base station in the communication system measures interference and sends the amount of interference to the first reading node. This is because the first channel can also cause interference to the downlink or uplink signals of the communication system.
- the user device or base station in the communication system sends the amount of interference to the first reading node based on the signal from the first reading node (e.g., the first channel).
- the user device can also send the amount of interference to the base station, and the base station sends the amount of interference to the first reading node.
- the transmit power of the first channel is determined based on communication parameters of the first channel, wherein the communication parameters of the first channel include at least one of the following: chip rate, number of bits, or time domain and/or frequency domain resource size.
- the first reading node, the second reading node, and the ambient energy supply device do not need to send the power adjustment amount in real time.
- the transmission can be periodic, and the period length can be predefined or configured by the relevant device.
- the first reading node does not need to redetermine the transmission power based on the above method each time before sending the first channel.
- the first reading node can adjust the transmission power periodically, and the size of the period can be predefined or configured by the relevant node.
- the minimum transmission power and/or maximum transmission power of the first channel can also be defined.
- the minimum transmission power and/or maximum transmission power can be predefined by the protocol.
- the minimum transmission power and/or maximum transmission power can also be related to the frequency and bandwidth. Different frequencies support different minimum transmission power and/or maximum transmission power, and different bandwidths support different minimum transmission power and/or maximum transmission power. When the transmission power calculated according to the above method exceeds this maximum/minimum transmission power, the actual transmission power is determined according to this maximum/minimum transmission power.
- the first channel is transmitted according to this maximum transmission power; if the transmission power determined based on the above method is less than the minimum transmission power, the first channel is transmitted according to this minimum transmission power.
- the first channel can be sent via broadcast or multicast.
- the first reading node transmits the first channel, and multiple environmental energy supply devices need to receive the first channel.
- the first reading node must ensure that all of these devices can receive the first channel.
- different environmental energy supply devices may have different receive power, path loss, and interference. Therefore, among the aforementioned factors affecting transmit power, the first reading node can determine transmit power based on feedback from multiple environmental energy supply devices. For example, if the path losses of two environmental energy supply devices are PL1 and PL2, respectively, the first reading node can determine transmit power based on the larger path loss.
- Figure 8 is a schematic flow diagram illustrating a method for controlling the power of a second channel transmitted by an environmental energy supply device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 8 , the method includes operation S201: determining the transmit power of the second channel; and operation S202: transmitting the second channel to a first reading node based on the transmit power.
- the first reading node is a base station or an intermediate node.
- the purpose of power control for signals (D2R) sent by ambient energy devices to read nodes can include interference control and improving D2R transmission accuracy.
- D2R signals sent by ambient energy devices to read nodes
- the CW node is a base station, and CW signals are transmitted in the downlink spectrum.
- the first channel (gNB to device) and the CW signals cause interference to the second channel (device to gNB).
- CW signals are transmitted in the uplink spectrum, and they also cause interference to the second channel.
- CW interference to the second channel can be explained by the fact that when the read node receives backscattered signals, there is interference from the CW signals.
- the CW node is an intermediate node, and CW signals are transmitted in the uplink spectrum.
- the first channel (gNB to device) causes interference to the second channel (device to gNB).
- the CW node is an external node, and CW signals are transmitted in the uplink spectrum.
- the first channel (gNB to device) causes interference to the second channel (device to gNB).
- the downlink signal of the communication system (such as the NR system) will interfere with the second channel; when the second channel is transmitted through the UL spectrum, the uplink signal of the communication system will interfere with the second channel.
- the second channel will also interfere with the downlink signal or uplink signal of the communication system, affecting the signal transmission of the communication system.
- the interference also includes the impact of the backscattered double-sideband signal on the user equipment in the communication system.
- the base station manages multiple intermediate nodes, interference will also occur between the multiple intermediate nodes. The transmission from one environmental power supply device to an intermediate node will interfere with the transmission of another environmental power supply device to another intermediate node.
- Factors involved in the transmission power of the second channel may include one or more of the following: the reception power P0 required by the first reading node to detect the second channel, channel quality, interference amount, communication parameters of the second channel, and power adjustment amount.
- the preset configuration can be a value or calculation method predefined by the communication protocol/communication standard.
- the aforementioned receive power P0 required for detecting the second channel can be preconfigured within the ambient energy supply device or sent by the first reading node to the ambient energy supply device (configured and sent by the first reading node, or sent to the first reading node via another reading node and then sent to the ambient energy supply device).
- the base station can configure one or more values for the first intermediate node. This is because the gNB has greater management capabilities due to the presence of other intermediate nodes and legacy NR (or other communication system) UEs within its coverage area.
- the first intermediate node can send the value to the ambient energy supply device.
- the first reader can measure the path loss based on the backscattered signal, and a similar method can be referred to in the method shown in FIG7 for the transmission power of the first channel.
- the environmental energy supply device determines the channel quality based on the measurement result, that is, determines the transmission power of the second channel based on the measurement result. If the environmental energy supply device is activated/selected for the first time, has just entered the coverage area of the second reading node, or is communicating with the second reading node for the first time, the second reading node cannot perform measurement based on the signal from the environmental energy supply device.
- a measurement result reference value can be predefined in the communication protocol, and the environmental energy supply device determines the transmission power of the second channel according to this reference value.
- the base station can configure the measurement result reference value to the first reading node, which acts as an intermediate node.
- the first reading node then sends the reference value to the ambient energy supply device.
- the measurement value can be RSRP, RSSI, SINR, and/or RSRQ in the A-IoT system.
- the environmental energy supply device receives a measurement result of a channel quality of a signal received from the first reading node by a carrier transmitting node, where the carrier transmitting node is used to supply energy to the environmental energy supply device or to generate a backscattered signal.
- a CW node is typically located closer to the environmental energy supply device. The CW node can receive the signal from the first reading node to assist in measuring path loss and provide feedback to the environmental energy supply device.
- the first reading node, the second reading node and the environmental energy supply device do not need to measure and/or report the channel quality in real time.
- measurement and/or reporting can be performed periodically, and the size of the period can be predefined or configured by the relevant device.
- the base station can configure the period to the first/second reading node.
- the transmit power of the second channel is determined based on the amount of interference.
- the amount of interference may include one or more of the following: interference of the CW carrier, interference of other downlink signals in the communication system (for example, PDSCH, PDCCH, downlink reference signal in NR or 6G system), interference of other uplink signals in the communication system (for example, PUSCH, PUCCH, uplink reference signal in NR or 6G system).
- the measurement of the amount of interference can be based on parameters such as SINR or RSRP in the A-IoT system.
- the communication system can be a new air interface (NR) system or other communication system that applies the A-IoT mechanism.
- the environmental energy supply device measures an amount of interference in the downlink signal or the uplink signal.
- the environmental energy supply device has measurement capabilities, such as device type device 2b.
- the environmental energy supply device measures interference in the downlink signal or the uplink signal from the communication system, and the environmental energy supply device determines a transmit power of the second channel based on the amount of interference.
- the environmental power supply device receives the interference amount measured by the carrier transmitting node.
- some environmental power supply devices do not have measurement capabilities.
- the CW node is close to the environmental power supply device. In an inband/guardband deployment, the CW node measures interference from the downlink or uplink signal of the communication system and sends the interference amount to the environmental power supply device.
- the environmental energy supply device receives the interference amount measured by the first reading node.
- the first reading node measures interference from the communication system and sends the interference amount to the environmental energy supply device.
- the gNB can send the interference amount to the first reading node, which then sends the interference amount to the environmental energy supply device. If the gNB manages multiple reading nodes, the other reading nodes can also send interference amounts to the gNB. This interference amount indicates the interference caused by the first reading node to the other reading nodes.
- the environmental energy supply device determines the interference amount based on a preset interference amount value, that is, one or more interference amounts are predefined according to a communication protocol, and the environmental energy supply device determines the interference amount and the transmission power of the second channel accordingly.
- the environmental energy supply device receives interference measurements from a base station or user equipment.
- the UE or gNB sends the interference measurement to the first reading node.
- the first reading node sends the interference measurement to the environmental energy supply device.
- the UE or gNB measures the interference measurement based on the double-sideband signal of the second channel or backscattered signal and sends the interference measurement to the first reading node.
- the UE or gNB can also send the interference measurement to the second reading node, which in turn sends the interference measurement to the first reading node.
- the transmit power of the second channel is determined based on communication parameters of the second channel, wherein the communication parameters of the second channel include at least one of the following: chip rate, number of bits, or time domain and/or frequency domain resource size.
- the first reading node, the second reading node, the CW node, and the user equipment do not need to send the power adjustment amount in real time.
- the transmission can be periodic, and the period size can be predefined or configured by the relevant device.
- the second channel is transmitted according to this maximum transmit power; if the transmit power determined based on the above method is less than the minimum transmit power, the second channel is transmitted according to this minimum transmit power.
- Figure 9 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for controlling the power of a carrier transmitted by a carrier transmitting node according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 9 , the method includes operation S301: determining the transmit power of a carrier; and operation S302: transmitting the carrier to an environmental energy supply device based on the transmit power.
- the carrier in this method is the CW carrier described above.
- the carrier wave (CW) is used to power ambient energy devices (e.g., device 1/2a) or to generate backscatter signals (e.g., device 2b).
- CW power control is important for the following reasons:
- the CW transmit power affects the transmit power of the backscatter signal;
- CW interferes with other signals in the communication system (e.g., NR), known as cross-link interference; other signals in the communication system interfere with the backscatter signal; as mentioned above, CW interferes with transmissions from the read node to the ambient energy device; and as a power source for energy storage, CW power affects charging efficiency.
- Factors involved in the CW transmission power may include one or more of the following: the transmission power or reception power of the second channel (backscatter signal), the channel quality of the CW, the power adjustment amount, the communication parameters of the CW, and the charging efficiency.
- the transmit power of the carrier is determined based on the transmit power or receive power of the backscattered signal. Specifically, the transmit power of the carrier is determined based on one of the following methods: directly determining the transmit power of the carrier according to a preset configuration, that is, directly providing the required transmit power value; determining the transmit power of the carrier according to the type of environmental energy supply device according to a preset configuration, for example, device type device 1 corresponds to one transmit power, and device type device 2a corresponds to another transmit power; or determining the receive power required for the first reading node to detect the second channel according to a preset configuration based on the communication parameters of the second channel, wherein the communication parameters include at least one of the following: code chip rate, number of bits, time domain and/or frequency domain resource size, frequency or modulation mode, for example, frequency 1 corresponds to one receive power, and frequency 2 corresponds to another receive power.
- the preset configuration can be a value or calculation method predefined by the communication protocol/communication standard.
- the base station can send a first parameter (S303) to the carrier transmitting node, where the first parameter includes a parameter for determining the CW transmit power, for example, the transmit power or receive power of the second channel.
- the first parameter includes a parameter for determining the CW transmit power, for example, the transmit power or receive power of the second channel.
- the gNB can also send the first parameter to the intermediate node, which then notifies the CW node of the first parameter (for situations where the CW node is outside the topology).
- the carrier transmitting node obtains the measurement result of the environmental energy supply device on the signal from the carrier transmitting node, and determines the channel quality based on the measurement result; the carrier transmitting node obtains the channel quality via the first reader; the carrier transmitting node obtains the channel quality via the base station.
- the environmental energy supply device receives the signal from the CW node for measurement, and sends the measurement result or channel quality to the first reading node or the second reading node.
- the first reading node or the second reading node sends the measurement result or channel quality to the CW node.
- the CW node determines the CW transmission power based on the measurement result or channel quality. For the case where the environmental energy supply device does not have measurement capability, the reading node indicates the channel quality to the CW node, and the reading node can measure the path loss between the CW node via the environmental energy supply device and the reading node. In addition, in the scenario of topology structure 2, the base station can indicate the channel quality to the CW node.
- the base station, reading node, or ambient energy supply device does not need to measure and/or indicate channel quality in real time.
- measurements and/or indications can be performed periodically, and the period length can be predefined or configured by the relevant device.
- the transmit power of the carrier is determined based on an amount of interference.
- the amount of interference includes interference of the carrier with other signals in the communication system (e.g., PDSCH, PDCCH, downlink reference signal, PUSCH, PUCCH, uplink reference signal in NR or 6G systems), interference of backscattered double-sideband signals with other signals in the communication system, or interference of backscattered double-sideband signals with signals between an environmental power supply device and a first reader.
- the communication system may be a New Radio (NR) system or other communication system using an A-IoT mechanism.
- the ambient power supply device measures the interference of the CW on the transmission direction of the reading node to the ambient power supply device and sends the interference amount to the CW node, as shown in Configuration 1 and Configuration 3 in Figure 5.
- the reading node can measure the interference of the CW on the D2R signal and notify the CW node.
- the interference amount is determined based on one of the following methods: the carrier transmitting node receives interference from the carrier measured by a base station, or interference from a backscattered double-sideband signal measured by the base station; the carrier transmitting node receives interference from the carrier on transmissions from the first reader to the environment power supply device measured by the environment power supply device; or the carrier transmitting node receives interference from the carrier on transmissions from the environment power supply device to the first reader measured by the reader.
- the gNB may measure CW interference or backscattered double-sideband signal interference and indicate the interference amount to the CW node (if the CW node is outside the topology) or the reading node (the first reading node or the second reading node).
- the reading node then sends the interference amount to the CW node.
- the environment power supply device may measure CW interference in the direction of transmission from the reading node to the environment power supply device and send the interference amount to the CW node, as in Configurations 1 and 3 in Figure 6.
- the reading node can measure the interference of the CW to the D2R signal and inform the CW node.
- the transmit power of the carrier is determined based on a power adjustment amount.
- the power adjustment amount is determined in the following manner: the carrier transmitting node receives a power adjustment amount determined by the ambient power supply device, wherein the ambient power supply device determines the power adjustment amount based on the transmit power of the backscattered signal.
- the ambient power supply device determines the power adjustment amount based on the transmit power of the backscattered signal and sends the CW power adjustment amount directly to the CW node or via a reading node.
- each relevant node may indicate a power adjustment amount to the CW node based on the interference amount.
- the transmission power of the carrier is determined based on the communication parameters of the carrier, wherein the communication parameters of the carrier include at least one of the following: code chip rate, number of bits, or time domain and/or frequency domain resource size.
- CW can be sent as a broadcast or multicast signal, meaning that multiple ambient power devices need to receive the same CW.
- the backscatter signals from different ambient power devices may require different transmit power, path loss, and interference. Therefore, among the factors affecting transmit power, CW nodes can determine transmit power based on feedback from multiple ambient power devices.
- the power of the activation signal can be determined with reference to the formula for determining the transmit power of the first channel shown in Figure 7 and will not be further described here.
- One or more second power offset values can be predefined, and the default power offset can be 0 dB.
- the second power offset can be related to the length, format, and chip rate of the first sequence.
- the reading node can determine the power offset based on the length and format of the first sequence.
- the power of D2R signals under the A-IoT mechanism can be effectively controlled, and transmission energy saving can be taken into account while ensuring transmission quality.
- the present application also provides a power control method for other signals in a communication system (such as an NR system).
- Other signals in the communication system may interfere with the aforementioned D2R or R2D signals. By controlling the transmit power of these signals, the interference with the D2R or R2D signals can be reduced.
- Step 2 The reading node or CW node sends an indication to the gNB.
- the indication includes information about the amount of interference or whether power reduction is required.
- the indication may also indicate whether downlink or uplink power adjustment is required.
- the indication may be provided via existing NR signals, such as uplink control information (UCI) or PUSCH.
- UCI uplink control information
- PUSCH uplink control information
- Step 3 The gNB or UE adjusts the transmit power of the downlink or uplink signal based on the indication information.
- the gNB adjusts the transmit power of the downlink signal.
- the gNB can send transmit power control information (TPC) to the UE based on the indication information.
- TPC transmit power control information
- the UE adjusts the power according to the existing NR power control method based on the TPC.
- Figure 14 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device 600 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
- the communication device 600 includes a processor 601 and a memory 602, and the processor 601 is communicatively connected to the memory 602.
- the communication device 600 can be, for example, but not limited to, a reader (such as a base station or an intermediate node), a carrier transmitting node, an environmental energy supply device, etc.
- the communication device 600 may also include a transceiver for sending/receiving data, or only include a transmitting circuit for sending data, or only include a receiving circuit for receiving data.
- the memory 602 of the communication device 600 is used to store program instructions, which can be executed by the processor 601 to implement the wireless communication method described in any of the above embodiments, that is, the power control method of the first channel received by any of the aforementioned environmental energy supply devices, the power control method of the second channel sent by the environmental energy supply device, the power control method of the carrier sent by the carrier transmitting node, the power bias method of the channel from the reader to the environmental energy supply device, or the power bias method of the channel from the environmental energy supply device to the reader.
- the computer program product can be applied to the communication device in the embodiments of the present application, and the computer program instructions enable the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the communication device (reader, environmental power supply device or carrier sending node) in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application.
- the communication device reader, environmental power supply device or carrier sending node
- the communication device reader, environmental power supply device or carrier sending node
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Abstract
本申请提供一种环境供能设备接收的第一信道的功率控制方法,由第一读取节点执行。该方法包括:确定所述第一信道的发送功率;以及基于所述发送功率向环境供能设备发送所述第一信道;其中,所述第一读取节点为基站或者中间节点。本申请还提供一种环境供能设备发送的第二信道的功率控制方法,由环境供能设备执行。该方法包括:确定所述第二信道的发送功率;以及基于所述发送功率向第一读取节点发送所述第二信道;其中,所述第一读取节点为基站或者中间节点。本申请还提供一种载波发送节点发送的载波的功率控制方法,由载波发送节点执行。该方法包括:确定所述载波的发送功率,以及基于所述发送功率向环境供能设备发送所述载波。通过实施本申请,可以实现匹配环境供能机制的相应信道/载波的功率控制。
Description
本申请实施例涉及无线通信技术领域,具体涉及一种读取器、载波发送节点和环境供能设备间的信号功率控制方法、功率偏置方法及相关设备。
近年来,物联网(IoT)在无线通信领域备受关注。随着通信系统的不断发展,IoT终端将应用到各类应用场景,包括家庭、工业、农业、医疗等各个领域中。为了能够将IoT终端大规模部署到各种应用场景中,降低IoT终端的尺寸、复杂性和功耗将变的至关重要。传统的IoT设备,例如窄带物联网NB-IoT终端,机器类型通信MTC终端以及5G轻量化RedCap终端,都要有电池,需要定期更换电池或者充电。随着未来IoT终端数量大规模的增加,采用现有的IoT系统将大大增加供电成本以及人工成本。此外,传统的IoT终端不适用于极端环境,例如,高温,高压的环境。而环境供能IoT(Ambient IoT)终端主要利用外部环境(例如,光、无线电波、运动、热能等)获得能量,从而不需要电池设备或者仅仅只有低储电能力(例如,电容),不需要手动更换电池或充电,可以有效避免现有IoT系统的问题。相比现有的NB-IoT,MTC以及RedCap终端,Ambient IoT终端的复杂度将更低,功耗更低,成本更低,例如,NB-IoT的功耗为毫瓦级,而Ambient IoT终端的功耗为微瓦级。由于Ambient IoT终端是一种新型的终端类型,目前还没有确定的系统方案适用于Ambient IoT终端相关信号的功率控制。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种,以解决现有技术中存在的问题。
本申请提供一种环境供能设备接收的第一信道的功率控制方法,由第一读取节点执行。该方法包括:确定所述第一信道的发送功率;以及基于所述发送功率向环境供能设备发送所述第一信道;其中,所述第一读取节点为基站或者中间节点。
本申请还提供一种环境供能设备发送的第二信道的功率控制方法,由环境供能设备执行。该方法包括:确定所述第二信道的发送功率;以及基于所述发送功率向第一读取节点发送所述第二信道;其中,所述第一读取节点为基站或者中间节点。
本申请还提供一种载波发送节点发送的载波的功率控制方法,由载波发送节点执行,其中所述载波用于向环境供能设备供能或用于产生反向散射信号。该方法包括:确定所述载波的发送功率,以及基于所述发送功率向环境供能设备发送所述载波。
本申请还提供一种由读取器向环境供能设备的信道的功率偏置方法,由所述读取器执行。该方法包括:确定所述读取器向所述环境供能设备发送的前导信号的功率;以及确定控制或数据信号相对所述前导信号的第一功率偏置,跟据所述第一功率偏置确定所述控制或数据信号的功率。
本申请还提供一种由环境供能设备向读取器的信道的功率偏置方法,由所述环境供能设备执行。该方法包括:确定所述环境供能设备向所述读取器发送的前导信号的功率;以及确定控制或数据信号相对所述前导信号的第三功率偏置,根据所述第三功率偏置确定所述控制或数据信号的功率。
本申请还提供一种无线通信设备,包括处理器和存储器。其中,所述存储器用于存储程序指令,所述程序指令被所述处理器执行时,用于实现上述任一方法。
本申请还提供一种可读存储介质,用于存储程序指令。所述程序指令被处理器执行时,用于实现上述任一方法。
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解,构成本申请的一部分,本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请,并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中:
图1示出了环境供能机制物联网设备的网络拓扑类型。
图2示出了反向散射通信原理的示意图。
图3是在第一种网络拓扑类型下载波发送节点与环境供能设备的关系示意图。
图4是在第二种网络拓扑类型下载波发送节点与环境供能设备的关系示意图。
图5是在第一种网络拓扑类型下环境供能物联网设备信号的频谱部署示意图。
图6是在第二种网络拓扑类型下环境供能物联网设备信号的频谱部署示意图。
图7是根据本发明一实施例示出的环境供能设备接收的第一信道的功率控制方法的流程示意图。
图8是根据本发明一实施例示出的环境供能设备发送的第二信道的功率控制方法的流程示意图。
图9是根据本发明一实施例示出的载波发送节点发送的载波的功率控制方法的流程示意图。
图10是根据本发明一实施例示出的由读取器向环境供能设备的信道的功率偏置方法的流程示意图。
图11是由读取器向环境供能设备发送的信号时序示意图。
图12是根据本发明一实施例示出的由环境供能设备向读取器的信道的功率偏置方法的流程示意图。
图13是由环境供能设备向读取器发送的信号时序示意图。
图14是根据本发明一实施例示出的无线通信设备的结构示意图。
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
应理解,本文中术语“和/或”,仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系,表示可以存在三种关系,例如,A和/或B,可以表示:单独存在A,同时存在A和B,单独存在B这三种情况。另外,本文中字符“/”,一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
环境供能物联网(Ambient IoT)系统定义了四种网络拓扑结构,如图1所示。在拓扑结构1中,基站和IoT终端直连,进行上/下行通信,即IoT终端向基站发送信息或者从基站接收信息。在拓扑结构2中,IoT终端和中间节点之间进行上/下行通信,中间节点与基站之间进行上/下行通信。即IoT终端向中间节点发送信息或者从中间节点接收信息,中间节点向基站发送信息或者从基站接收信息。其中,中间节点可以是中继,集成接入回传(IAB,Integrated Access Backhaul)节点,用户设备(UE),转发器(repeater)等。在拓扑结构3中,辅助节点和IoT终端之间进行通信,即IoT终端从辅助节点接收信息,辅助节点从基站接收信息;IoT终端和基站进行通信,即IoT终端向基站发送信息。或者,IoT终端和基站进行通信,即IoT终端从基站接收信息;辅助节点和IoT终端之间进行通信,即IoT终端向辅助节点发送信息,辅助节点向基站发送信息,辅助节点可以是中继,集成接入回传(IAB,Integrated Access Backhaul)节点,用户设备(UE),转发器(repeater)等。在拓扑结构4中,UE和IoT终端直连,进行上/下行通信,即IoT终端向UE发送信息或者从UE接收信息。
环境供能物联网(以下简称A-IoT)终端可以分为两大类,一类是自身可以生成信号的A-IoT终端;另一类是不能主动生成信号的A-IoT终端,这类A-IoT终端通过接收第三方信号(载波,CW)获得反向散射信号并发送,因此,这类A-IoT终端也可以称作基于反向散射通信的A-IoT终端。由于反向散射通信并不主动生成载波信号,基于反向散射通信的A-IoT终端的功耗比前一类的A-IoT终端的功耗更低。在上述拓扑结构1~4中,A-IoT终端向基站/中间节点/UE发送的信号可以是自身生成的信号,也可以是反向散射信号。
图2示出了反向散射通信原理的示意图。与传统通信中的信号调制和发送过程不同,支持反向散射通信的设备并不具备载波生成能力,无法“主动”对外发送信号,而是将设备自身需要发送的信息比特调制在第三方信号进行调制。反向散射设备根据需要发送的信息比特选择对应的负载阻抗从而改变第三方信号的幅度、相位或频率等物理属性,从而实现“被动式”通信。调制分为数字调制和模拟调制,分别对应图2中的(a)和(b)。一种简单的实现方式为,Tag(A-IoT终端)发送比特“1”时,对载波信号进行反射;Tag发送比特“0”时,对载波信号进行吸收。
上述的反向散射通信原理主要涉及发送端,一个典型的反向散射设备除了包括设计发送端的信道编码和调制模块之外,通常还包括天线、微控制器、信号接收模块、存储器等。其中,信号接收模块负责接收网络侧或者读卡器等发送给反向散射设备的下行信号,其架构和技术可以重用目前3GPP正在开展的LP-WUR技术;微控制器负责执行命令、收集传感信息、写入/读取数据等功能,并根据待传输的信息控制编码和调制模块。由于反向散射通信并不主动生成载波信号,其能耗极低。
在3GPP组织的RAN1#116会议中,通过了表1所示的三种A-IoT终端类型。
表1:A-IoT终端类型
在本申请中,环境A-IoT又可以叫做无源IoT,半无源IoT,零功耗IoT,低功耗IoT,或者,超低功耗IoT,本申请对于环境A-IoT的名称不作限制。
在A-IoT系统中,除了上文提到的节点(基站,A-IoT终端,中间节点/辅助节点)以外,还有发送载波(CW)的节点。CW的一个功能是向A-IoT终端提供能量,即A-IoT终端接收CW收集能量。A-IoT终端都可以通过接收CW获得能量。CW的另一个功能是用于反向散射通信,例如上述类型device 1和device 2a的上行信号为终端通过接收CW产生的反向散射信号。提供CW的节点可以是基站,中间节点,UE,也可以是第三方节点。以拓扑结构1为例,CW可以由基站发送,A-IoT终端接收基站发送的其他信号(例如,控制信息)和CW;CW也可以由第三方节点发送,A-IoT终端接收基站发送的信号(例如,控制信息)和由第三方节点发送的CW。
发送CW的设备(记为CW节点)可能在拓扑内也可能在拓扑外,图3是在第一种网络拓扑类型下载波发送节点与环境供能设备的关系示意图。如图3所示,在拓扑结构1中,包含基站和终端。
在第一种配置下,CW节点在拓扑内,即CW节点为基站。发送CW的基站(gNB1)和从终端接收信号的基站(gNB2)不是同一个节点,如下图所示,gNB1向环境供能设备发送第一信道,以及CW,第一信道用于环境供能设备接收信号,所述信号不包括CW;环境供能设备向gNB2发送第二信道,第二信道用于环境供能设备发送信号。
在第二种配置下,CW节点在拓扑内,即CW节点为基站。发送CW的基站和从终端接收信号的基站是同一个节点,gNB1向环境供能设备发送第一信道,以及CW;环境供能设备向gNB1发送第二信道。
在第三种配置下,CW节点在拓扑外,即产生CW的设备为除基站和终端以外的第三方设备。gNB1向环境供能设备发送第一信道;环境供能设备向gNB1发送第二信道;第三方设备向环境供能设备发送CW。
上述三种配置主要针对设备类型device 1和device 2a。针对设备类型device2b而言,由于device2b可以主动生成信号,因此可以不限制产生CW的设备。
图4是在第二种网络拓扑类型下载波发送节点与环境供能设备的关系示意图。如图4所示,在拓扑结构2种,包含基站(gNB)、中间节点(intermediate node)和环境供能设备(device)。
在第一种配置下,CW节点在拓扑内,即CW节点为中间节点。发送CW的中间节点(intermediate node 1)和从终端接收信号的中间节点(intermediate node 2)不是同一个节点。intermediate node 1向device发送第一信道,以及CW,第一信道用于环境供能设备接收信号,该信号不包括CW。环境供能设备向intermediate node 2发送第二信道,第二信道用于环境供能设备发送信号。
在第二种配置下,CW节点在拓扑内,即CW节点为中间节点。发送CW的intermediate node和从终端接收信号的intermediate node是同一个节点。intermediate node 1向环境供能设备发送第一信道,以及CW;环境供能设备向intermediate node 1发送第二信道。
在第三种配置下,CW节点在拓扑外,即产生CW的设备为除基站,中间节点和终端以外的第三方设备。如图所示,intermediate node 1向环境供能设备发送第一信道;环境供能设备向intermediate node 1发送第二信道;第三方设备向环境供能设备发送CW。
上述三种配置主要针对设备类型device 1和device 2a。针对设备类型device2b而言,由于device2b可以主动生成信号,因此可以不限制产生CW的设备。
对于设备类型device 1/2a,CW和反向散射信号可以在同一载波上。针对CW在DL频谱或者在UL频谱上传输,在前文不同配置的基础上,A-IoT信号的频谱部署可以有图5和图6中所示的几种情况。
图5是在第一种网络拓扑类型下环境供能物联网设备信号的频谱部署示意图。拓扑结构1中包含基站(gNB)和终端(device)。
在第一种配置下,CW节点在拓扑内,CW在下行频谱传输。具体地,CW节点为gNB,CW通过下行频谱传输;终端向gNB发送的信号(即device向reader发送信号,以下简记为D2R)通过下行频谱发送;gNB向终端发送的信号(即reader向device发送信号,以下简记为R2D)通过下行频谱发送。
在第二种配置下,CW节点在拓扑内,CW在上行频谱传输。具体地,CW节点为gNB,CW通过上行频谱传输;D2R通过上行频谱发送;R2D通过下行频谱发送。
在第三种配置下,CW节点在拓扑外,CW在上行频谱传输。具体地,CW节点为传输外部节点,CW通过上行频谱传输;D2R通过上行频谱发送;R2D通过下行频谱发送。
图6是在第二种网络拓扑类型下环境供能物联网设备信号的频谱部署示意图。拓扑结构2中包含基站(gNB)、中间节点(intermediate node)和终端(device)。
在第一种配置下,CW节点在拓扑内,CW在上行频谱传输。具体地,CW节点为用户设备(UE),CW通过上行频谱传输;D2R通过上行频谱发送;R2D通过上行频谱发送。
在第二种配置下,CW节点在拓扑外,CW在下行频谱传输。具体地,CW节点为UE,CW通过下行频谱传输;D2R通过下行频谱发送;R2D通过上行频谱发送。
在第三种配置下,CW节点在拓扑外,CW在上行频谱传输。具体地,CW节点为UE,CW通过上行频谱传输;D2R通过上行频谱发送;R2D通过上行频谱发送。
在A-IoT系统中,至少有三种信号/信道。第一信道/信号的接收方为终端,第一信道/信号不包括CW,第一信道/信号的发送方可以为基站或者中间节点。第一信道/信号包括第一序列(也可称作定时信号),第一序列用于确定第一信道/信号起始时间或者用于获得定时,第一信道/信号还可能包括数据和/或控制信息、第二序列(也可称作中间码(midamble)或者同步信号)用于同步、第三序列(也可称作后同步信号(postamble))用于同步或确定第一信道/信号的结束时间。
第二信道/信号的发送方为终端,第二信道/信号的接收方可以为基站或者中间节点。第二信道/信号包括第四序列(也可称作定时信号),第四序列用于确定第二信道/信号起始时间或者用于获得定时,第二信道/信号还可能包括数据和/或控制信息、第五序列(也可称作中间码(midamble)或者同步信号)用于同步、第六序列(也可称作后同步信号(postamble))用于同步或确定第二信道/信号的结束时间。
第三信号为CW,CW的发送方可以为基站,中间节点或者为除基站和中间节点以外地第三方设备,接收方为终端。CW的功能包括两种:一种是终端接收CW收集能量,另一种是终端接收CW产生反向散射信号。
在现有新空口(NR)系统中,上行功控包括开环功控和闭环功控。开环功控是指发送端不需要来自接收端的反馈信息,根据自身的测量进行功率控制,即UE自己决定发射功率的大小,无需基站控制UE的发射功率。闭环功控是指发送端根据接收端送来的反馈信息对发射功率控制,即基站通过发送功率调整参数来控制UE的发射功率。上行功控的目的包括:节电;控制干扰,例如,发射功率太小,接收端不能正确接收到信号,发射功率太大,对邻小区产生不必要的干扰。NR的上行信道包括物理上行共享信道(PUSCH),物理上行控制信道(PUCCH),探测参考信号(SRS)和物理随机接入信道(PRACH)。其中,PUSCH,PUCCH,SRS采用闭环功控,PRACH采用开环功控。在下面的描述中,i表示传输时机,b表示上行激活的带宽部分(BWP),f表示服务小区,c表示载波,u表示子载波间隔的参数。
闭环功率控制以PUSCH为例进行说明。PUSCH的发射功率根据如下公式确定:
其中,PCMAX,f,c(i)为UE最大发射功率;PO_PUSCHb,f,c(j)为目标接收功率,为PO_NOMINAL_PUSCH,f,c(j)和PO_UE_PUSCHb,f,c(j)两部分的总和,这两个参数一个是小区公共的参数,一个是UE专用参数,都是由基站配置的;为PUSCH占用的资源块(RB)数;PLb,f,c(qd)为UE根据下行参考信号计算的路损,下行参考信号可以是CSI-RS或SSB,PLb,f,c(qd)=referenceSignalPower-higher layer filtered RSRP,其中,referenceSignalPower为基站配置的参数,higher layer filtered RSRP为UE测量到的参考信号接收功率(RSRP);αb,f,c(j)为路损补偿因子,取值范围为大于0且小于等于1;ΔTF,b,f,c(i)为MCS功率调整量,当Ks为1.25时,ΔTF,b,f,c(i)=当Ks为0时,ΔTF,b,f,c(i)=0;fb,f,c(i,l)为PUSCH功率调整量,PUSCH功率调整量有两种方式,一种是采用当前的功率调整量δPUSCH,b,f,c,即基站通过DCI动态指示δPUSCH,b,f,c,则fb,f,c(i,l)=δPUSCH,b,f,c,UE进行功率计算;另一种是采用累积的功率调整量,即基站通过DCI动态指示δPUSCH,b,f,c,UE将历史接收到的δPUSCH,b,f,c都累加起来作为当前的fb,f,c(i,l)进行功率计算。δPUSCH,b,f,c的取值如表2所示,基站通过DCI中的TPC Command Field可以指示其中一个值。
表2:功率调整量取值
开环功率控制以PRACH为例。PRACH的发射功率根据如下公式确定:PPRACH,b,f,c(i)=min{PCMAX,f,c(i),PPRACH,target,f,c+PLb,f,c}
其中,PCMAX,f,c(i)为UE最大发射功率;PPRACH,target,f,c为目标接收功率,由高层参数提供;PLb,f,c为路径损耗,UE利用与PRACH关联的SSB测量得到,具体的计算方式为referenceSignalPower-higher layer filtered RSRP,其中,referenceSignalPower为基站配置的参数,higher layer filtered RSRP为UE测量到的RSRP。
综上,开环功控和闭环功控的区别是UE计算发射功率时有没有来自基站的功率调整量fb,f,c(i,l)。上述NR系统中的功控方式并不完全适用于A-IoT机制下的设备,为解决此问题,本申请的一些实施例提供了相应无线通信设备的功率控制方法。
图7是根据本发明一实施例示出的环境供能设备接收的第一信道的功率控制方法的流程示意图。如图7所示,该方法包括操作S101:确定所述第一信道的发送功率;以及操作S102:基于所述发送功率向环境供能设备发送所述第一信道。其中,所述第一读取节点为基站或者中间节点。
参考图5中的配置1和图6中的配置1和配置3。针对图5中配置1的情况,载波发送(CW)节点为基站,并且CW在下行频谱上发送,当基站(gNB)给环境供能设备(device)发送第一信道时,CW会对环境供能设备接收第一信道带来干扰。针对图6中配置1的情况,CW节点为中间节点,并且CW在上行频谱上传输。当中间节点(UE)给环境供能设备(device)发送第一信道时,CW会对device接收第一信道带来干扰。针对图6中配置3的情况,CW节点为外部节点,并且CW在上行频谱上传输。若CW节点发送CW的同时中间节点(UE)在给环境供能设备(device)发送第一信道,CW会对环境供能设备接收第一信道带来干扰(交叉链路干扰)。无论在其中的哪种拓扑结构下,inband/guardband部署下,当第一信道通过DL频谱传输时,通信系统(例如NR系统)中的下行信号会对第一信道带来干扰;当第一信道通过UL频谱传输时,通信系统中的上行信号会对第一信道带来干扰。对应地,第一信道也会对通信系统中的上行或下行信号带来干扰,影响通信系统的信号传输。此外,在图6所示的场景下,若基站管理多个中间节点,多个中间节点之间也会产生干扰。例如,一个中间节点至一个环境供能设备的传输会对另一个中间节点对另一个环境供能设备的传输产生干扰(类似小区间干扰)。
第一信道可包含第一序列(也可称作定时信号),第一序列用于指示第一信道起始时间或者用于获取定时,第一信道还可能包括数据/控制信息、第二序列(也可称作中间码(midamble)或者同步信号)用于同步、第三序列(也可称作后同步信号(postamble))用于同步或指示第一信道的结束时间。
在本实施例中,发送第一信道的设备为读取节点(或称为网络侧设备)。在拓扑结构1的场景下,读取节点为基站gNB,在拓扑结构2的场景下,读取节点为中间节点。在存在多个读取器(多个设备接收环境供能设备的传输)的情况下,将发送第一信道的读取节点称为第一读取节点,将其他读取节点称为第二读取节点。
第一信道的发送功率涉及的因素可包括以下一个或多个:环境供能设备检测第一信道需要的接收功率P0、信道质量、干扰量、第一信道的通信参数、以及功率调整量。
在一些实施例中,所述第一信道的发送功率基于所述环境供能设备检测所述第一信道需要的接收功率确定。具体地,环境供能设备检测所述第一信道需要的接收功率基于以下方式之一确定:按照预设配置,直接确定所述环境供能设备检测所述第一信道需要的接收功率,即直接给出需要的接收功率的值;按照预设配置,根据所述环境供能设备的类型确定所述环境供能设备检测所述第一信道需要的接收功率,例如设备类型device 1对应一种接收功率,设备类型device 2a对应另一种接收功率;或者按照预设配置,根据所述第一信道的通信参数确定所述环境供能设备检测所述第一信道需要的接收功率,其中所述通信参数包括以下至少之一:码片率、比特数、时域和/或频域资源大小、频点或调制方式,例如,频点1对应一种接收功率,频点2对应另一种接收功率。其中预设配置可以是通信协议/通信标准预定义的值或计算方法。上述检测第一信道需要的接收功率P0可以是预配置在第一读取节点内的,也可以由环境供能设备发送给读取节点的(直接发送给第一读取节点或者通过其他读取节点发送给第一读取节点),又或者由载波发送节点(即CW节点)发送给第一读取节点(例如,在载波发送节点可以接收反向散射信号的情况下,载波发送节点可以接收环境供能设备指示的接收功率)。所述第一信道的发送功率应大于或等于所述接收功率。
在一些实施例中,第一信道的发送功率基于信道质量确定。所述信道质量也可以称为路损。例如,第一信道的发送功率可以为P0和f(PL)之和,其中,P0为上述接收功率,f(PL)是以信道质量为变量的函数。
在一种情况下,环境供能设备没有测量能力,此时第一读取节点测量来自所述环境供能设备的第二信道并获取测量结果,根据所述第二信道的测量结果确定第一信道的发送功率。其中,测量量可以是以下一个或多个:A-IoT系统中的参考信号接收功率(RSRP)、接收信号强度指示器(RSSI)、信号对干扰噪声比(SINR)、参考信号接收质量(RSRQ),其中,参考信号是指用于A-IoT系统中测量信道质量的信号,区别于现有通信系统中的参考信号(例如,CSI-RS,SSB、SRS、DMRS)。在A-IoT系统中,RSRP,RSSI,RSRQ也可以叫做其他名称,本发明对此不限定。以RSRP为例,第一读取节点基于第二信道的发送功率和接收功率获得路损,在此之前,环境供能设备可以通过第二信道向第一读取节点通知第二信道的发送功率。本申请对第一读取节点获取第二信道的发送功率的方式不限定。对于设备类型device 1/2a,第一读取节点可基于反向散射信号测量路损,第一读取节点可以测量载波发送节点(拓扑内或外)经环境供能设备至第一读取节点之间的路损。载波发送节点可以将发送功率通知给第一读取节点,在这种方式下,环境供能设备不需要向第一读取节点通知发送功率。若环境供能设备是第一次被激活/选择、刚进入第一读取节点的覆盖范围内、或者第一次与第一读取节点通信时,第一读取节点不能基于来自环境供能设备的信号进行测量。在这种情况下,可以在通信协议中预定义测量结果参考值,第一读取节点按此参考值确定第一信道的发送功率。在拓扑结构2中,基站可以向作为中间节点的第一读取节点配置测量结果参考值。
在另一种情况下,第一读取节点经由第二读取节点获取来自所述环境供能设备的第二信道的测量结果,根据所述第二信道的测量结果确定所述信道质量,其中,所述第二读取节点为接收所述环境供能设备传输的节点。在此情况下,第一读取节点不接收或不直接接收环境供能设备的传输,而是第二读取节点接收环境供能设备的传输。第二读取节点根据来自环境供能设备的信号(例如第二信道)进行测量,并将测量结果通知给第一读取节点。第一读取节点根据该测量结果确定信道质量并确定第一信道的发送功率。对于设备类型device 1/2a,读取节点基于反向散射信号测量路损,第二读取节点可以测量载波发送节点(拓扑内或外)经由环境供能设备至第二读取节点之间的路损。载波发送节点(拓扑外)或者第一读取器(CW节点)可以同时将发送功率通知给第二读取器,在这种方式下,环境供能设备不需要向读取节点发送功率。若环境供能设备是第一次被激活/选择、刚进入第二读取节点的覆盖范围内、或者第一次与第二读取节点通信时,第二读取节点不能基于来自环境供能设备的信号进行测量。在这种情况下,可以在通信协议中预定义测量结果参考值,第一读取节点按此参考值确定第一信道的发送功率。在拓扑结构2中,基站可以向作为中间节点的第一读取节点配置测量结果参考值,或者基站也可以向第二读取节点配置测量结果参考值,第二读取节点将测量结果参考值发送给第一读取节点。
在另一种情况下,第一读取节点接收所述环境供能设备对所述第一读取节点在先发送的信号的信道质量的测量结果,即所述环境供能设备对所述第一读取节点在先发送的信号进行测量获得测量结果,所述环境功能设备江测量结果发送给第一读取节点。这种情况下,环境供能设备具备测量能力,例如设备类型device 2b。环境供能设备接收来自第一读取节点的信号(例如第一信号或CW信号)进行测量,并将测量参数(第一参数)发送给第一读取节点(图7所示操作S103)。第一参数包括信道质量的测量结果,第一读取节点根据测量结果确定信道质量,从而确定第一信道的发送功率。若环境供能设备是第一次被激活/选择、刚进入第一读取节点的覆盖范围内、或者第一次与第一读取节点通信时,环境供能设备不能基于来自第一读取节点的信号进行测量。在这种情况下,可以在通信协议中预定义测量结果参考值,第一读取节点按此参考值确定第一信道的发送功率。在拓扑结构2中,基站可以向作为中间节点的第一读取节点配置测量结果参考值。
在另一种情况下,所述第一读取节点接收载波发送节点对接收自所述第一读取节点的信号的信道质量的测量结果,其中所述载波发送节点用于向所述环境供能设备供能或用于产生反向散射信号。即,由载波发送节点(CW节点)接收第一读取节点发送的信号,测量路损,将测量结果发送给第一读取节点。通常CW节点距离环境供能设备较近,CW节点可以接收来自第一读取器的信号辅助测量路损并反馈给第一读取器。
由于环境供能设备的移动性较低,在上述方案中,第一读取节点、第二读取节点、载波发送节点或环境供能设备不需要实时测量和/或上报信道质量。例如,可以周期性进行测量和/或上报,周期的大小可以预先定义或者由相关设备配置。例如,在拓扑结构2中,基站可以向第一/第二读取节点配置该周期。或者,测量和/或上报也可以是条件触发的(非周期),例如在环境供能设备连续X次(X大于1,例如X=2)被激活/选择时,第一读取节点、第二读取节点或环境供能设备进行一次测量和/或上报。
在一些实施例中,所述第一信道的发送功率基于干扰量确定。该干扰量可包括以下一个或多个:CW的干扰、通信系统中的其他下行信号的干扰(例如,NR或者6G系统中的PDSCH、PDCCH、下行参考信号)、通信系统中的其他上行信号的干扰(例如,NR或者6G系统中的PUSCH、PUCCH、上行参考信号)。干扰量的测量可以是基于A-IoT系统中的SINR或RSRP等参数进行。其中通信系统可以是新空口(NR)系统,也可以是其他应用A-IoT机制的通信系统。
在一种情况下,第一读取节点接收所述环境供能设备测量的来自所述载波发送节点的干扰量、所述下行信号的干扰量、或所述上行信号的干扰量。
在另一种情况下,第一读取节点接收所述载波发送节点测量得到的所述下行信号的干扰量或所述上行信号的干扰量。一些环境供能设备有测量能力,例如,设备类型Device 2b,环境供能设备测量来自CW节点的干扰,通信系统中下行信号的干扰(当第一信道通过DL频谱传输时)或者通信系统中上行信号的干扰(当第一信道通过UL频谱传输)。环境供能设备可发送第一参数给第一读取节点(图7中操作S103),第一参数包括干扰量。第一读取节点根据干扰量确定第一信道的发送功率。本实施例还可以引入测量窗口,环境供能设备在测量窗口内进行干扰测量,在测量窗口内,第一读取节点不向环境供能设备发送信号。测量窗口可以是第一读取节点或者基站配置的。
在另一种情况下,第一读取节点是中间节点,所述第一读取节点接收基站发送的干扰量或者其他读取节点发送的干扰量。例如CW节点辅助测量干扰量。一些环境供能设备没有测量能力,通常情况下,CW节点距离环境供能设备较近,在inband/guardband的部署下,CW节点测量来自通信系统下行信号的干扰(当第一信道通过DL频谱传输时)或者通信系统上行信号的干扰(当第一信道通过UL频谱传输时)。在操作S101之前,CW节点将干扰量发送给第一读取节点。在拓扑结构2中,基站可以向第一读取节点发送干扰量。在基站管理多读取节点的情况下,其他读取节点还可以向基站发送干扰量,该干扰量表示第一读取节点对其他读取节点的干扰。基站进一步向第一读取节点发送干扰量。基站可基于历史的干扰情况对第一读取节点进行干扰控制。
在另一种情况下,可以基于预设干扰量值确定所述干扰量。即在第一读取节点中预配置一个干扰量参考值,并根据该参考值确定第一信道的发送功率。
在另一种情况下,可以接收来自用户设备或者基站的干扰量。在inband/guardband部署下,通信系统中的用户设备或基站测量干扰,向第一读取节点发送干扰量。这是由于第一信道也会给通信系统的下行信号或上行信号带来干扰,通信系统中的用户设备或基站基于来自第一读取节点的信号(例如,第一信道),向第一读取节点发送干扰量。在拓扑结构2的情况下,用户设备还可以向基站发送干扰量,基站向第一读取节点发送干扰量。
在另一种情况下,第一读取节点测量所述下行信号和/或上行信号的干扰量。即第一读取节点自身测量来自通信系统上行/下行信号的干扰。
在一些实施例中,第一信道的发送功率基于所述第一信道的通信参数确定,其中,所述第一信道的通信参数包括以下至少之一:码片率、比特数、或时域和/或频域资源大小。
在一些实施例中,第一信道的发送功率基于功率调整量确定。具体地,功率调整量可基于以下方式确定:所述第一读取节点接收由所述环境供能设备、所述载波发送节点或者用户设备发送的所述功率调整量。例如,环境供能设备(例如设备类型device 2b)向第一读取节点发送功率调整量,本申请对于环境供能设备确定功率调整量的方式不限定,例如,可基于检测性能、信道质量确定该功率调整量。或者,环境供能设备、第二读取节点、载波发送节点或者用户设备根据干扰量(如前文描述)确定功率调整量,并向第一读取节点发送。
由于环境供能设备的移动性较低,在上述方案中,第一读取节点、第二读取节点和环境供能设备不需要实时发送功率调整量。例如,可以周期性进行发送,周期的大小可以预先定义或者由相关设备配置。或者,功率调整量的发送也可以是条件触发的(非周期),例如在环境供能设备连续X次(X大于1,例如X=2)被激活/选择时,第一读取节点、第二读取节点或环境供能设备进行一次测量和/或上报。
类似地,第一读取节点不需要每次发送第一信道之前都基于上述方法重新确定一次发送功率。第一读取节点可以周期性地调整发送功率,周期的大小可以是预定义或者由相关节点配置的。除此之外,还可以定义第一信道的最小发送功率和/或最大发送功率,最小发送功率和/或最大发送功率可以是协议预定义的,最小发送功率/或最大发送功率还可以和频点、带宽有关,不同的频点支持不同的最小发送功率和/或最大发送功率,不同的带宽支持不同的最小发送功率和/或最大发送功率。当按上述方法计算得到的发送功率超过此最大/最小发送功率时,按照此最大/最小发送功率确定实际发送功率。即,基于上述方法确定的发送功率大于最大发送功率,则按照此最大发送功率发送第一信道;基于上述方法确定的发送功率小于最小发送功率,则按照此最小发送功率发送第一信道。
第一信道可以是广播或组播的形式发送,即第一读取节点发送第一信道,多个环境供能设备都需要接收第一信道,第一读取节点需要尽量保证该多个环境供能设备都能接收到第一信道。但是不同环境供能设备的接收功率、路损、干扰等可以不一样,因此,在上述影响发送功率的因素中,第一读取节点可以基于多个环境供能设备的反馈决定发送功率,例如,两个环境供能设备的路损分别为PL1,PL2,第一读取节点可基于较大的路损确定发送功率。
通过本方法,可以实现对A-IoT机制下第一读取器向环境供能设备发送的第一信道的功率的有效控制,在保证传输质量的基础上兼顾传输能量节约。
图8是根据本发明一实施例示出的环境供能设备发送的第二信道的功率控制方法的流程示意图。如图8所示,该方法包括操作S201:确定第二信道的发送功率;以及操作S202:基于所述发送功率向第一读取节点发送所述第二信道。其中,所述第一读取节点为基站或者中间节点。
本方法主要针对设备类型device 2a/2b。环境供能设备向读取节点发送的信号(D2R)功率控制的目的可包括控制干扰及提高D2R传输的准确性。参考图5,在图5所示的配置1中,CW节点为基站,并且CW在下行频谱上发送,第一信道(gNB至device)及CW对第二信道(device至gNB)带来干扰。在图5所示的配置2和配置3中,CW在上行频谱上发送,CW也会对第二信道带来干扰。CW对第二信道的干扰,具体可以为:读取节点接收反向散射信号的时候,会有来自CW的干扰,这是由于读取节点的发送端的信号泄露到接收端。参考图6,在图6所示的配置1中,CW节点为中间节点,并且CW在上行频谱上传输。第一信道(gNB至device)对第二信道(device至gNB)带来干扰。在图6所示的配置3中,CW节点为外部节点,并且CW在上行频谱上传输。第一信道(gNB至device)对第二信道(device至gNB)带来干扰。
无论在哪种拓扑结构下,Inband/guradband部署下,当第二信道通过DL频谱传输时,通信系统(如NR系统)的下行信号会对第二信道带来干扰;当第二信道通过UL频谱传输时,通信系统的上行信号会对第二信道带来干扰。对应地,第二信道也会给通信系统的下行信号或上行信号带来干扰,影响通信系统的信号传输。此外,干扰还包括反向散射的双边带信号对通信系统中的用户设备的影响。在拓扑结构2中,若基站管理多个中间节点,多个中间节点之间也会产生干扰。一个环境供能设备至一个中间节点的传输会对另一个环境供能设备对另一个中间节点的传输产生干扰。
第二信道包括用于指示第二信道起始时间或用于获取定时的第四序列(也可称作定时信号),第二信道还可能包括数据/控制信息、第五序列(也可称作中间码(midamble)或者同步信号)用于同步、第六序列(也可称作后同步信号(postamble))用于同步或指示第二信道的结束时间。
在本实施例中,接收第二信道的设备(基站或中间节点)称为第一读取节点(或网络侧设备)。在拓扑结构1的场景下,读取节点为基站gNB,在拓扑结构2的场景下,读取节点为中间节点。在存在多个读取器(多个设备接收环境供能设备的传输)的情况下,将一个接收第二信道的读取节点称为第一读取节点,将其他读取节点称为第二读取节点。
第二信道的发送功率涉及的因素可包括以下一个或多个:第一读取节点检测第二信道需要的接收功率P0、信道质量、干扰量、第二信道的通信参数、以及功率调整量。
在一些实施例中,所述第二信道的发送功率基于所述第一读取节点检测所述第二信道需要的接收功率确定。具体地,第一读取节点检测所述第二信道需要的接收功率基于以下方式之一确定:按照预设配置,直接确定第一读取节点检测所述第二信道需要的接收功率,即直接给出需要的接收功率的值;按照预设配置,根据环境供能设备的类型确定所述环境供能设备检测所述第一信道需要的接收功率,例如设备类型device 1对应一种接收功率,设备类型device 2a对应另一种接收功率;或者按照预设配置,根据所述第二信道的通信参数确定所述第一读取节点检测所述第二信道需要的接收功率,其中所述通信参数包括以下至少之一:码片率、比特数、时域和/或频域资源大小、频点或调制方式,例如,频点1对应一种接收功率,频点2对应另一种接收功率。其中预设配置可以是通信协议/通信标准预定义的值或计算方法。上述检测第二信道需要的接收功率P0可以是预配置在环境供能设备内的,也可以由第一读取节点发送给环境供能设备的(由第一读取节点配置并发送,或者通过其他读取节点发送给第一读取节点后再发送给环境供能设备)。对于拓扑结构2的情况,基站可以配置给第一中间节点一个或多个值。这是由于gNB覆盖范围内有其他中间节点和传统的新空口(或其他通信系统)UE,gNB有更大的管理能力。第一中间节点可以发送给环境供能设备。
在一些实施例中,所述第二信道的发送功率基于信道质量确定。信道质量也可以称为路损。例如,第二信道的发送功率可以为P0和f(PL)之和,其中,P0为上述接收功率,f(PL)是以信道质量为变量的函数。
在一种情况下,所述环境供能设备接收所述第一读取节点测量的来自所述环境供能设备的在先信号的信道质量的测量结果。第一读取节点根据来自环境供能设备的信号(例如,第二信道)进行测量,并将测量结果通知给环境供能设备。或者,第二读取节点根据来自环境供能设备的信号(例如,第二信道)进行测量,并将测量结果通知给第一读取节点,第一读取节点将测量结果通知给环境供能设备。对于设备类型device 2a,第一读取器可以基于反向散射信号测量路损,可以参考图7所示的方法中第一信道的发送功率中的类似方法。环境供能设备根据测量结果确定信道质量,即根据测量结果确定第二信道的发送功率。若环境供能设备是第一次被激活/选择、刚进入第二读取节点的覆盖范围内、或者第一次与第二读取节点通信时,第二读取节点不能基于来自环境供能设备的信号进行测量。在这种情况下,可以在通信协议中预定义测量结果参考值,环境供能设备按此参考值确定第二信道的发送功率。在拓扑结构2中,基站可以向作为中间节点的第一读取节点配置测量结果参考值,第一读取节点将参考值发送给环境供能设备。测量值可以是A-IoT系统中的RSRP、RSSI、SINR和/或RSRQ。
在另一种情况下,所述环境供能设备测量来自所述第一读取节点的第一信道。在这种情况下,环境供能设备具有测量能力,例如设备类型device 2b。环境供能设备接收来自第一读取器的信号(例如第一信号)进行测量,并根据测量结果确定信道质量,从而确定第二信道的发送功率。若环境供能设备是第一次被激活/选择、刚进入第一读取节点的覆盖范围内、或者第一次与第一读取节点通信时,环境供能设备不能基于来自第一读取节点的信号进行测量。在这种情况下,可以在通信协议中预定义测量结果参考值,环境供能设备按此参考值确定第二信道的发送功率。
在另一种情况下,所述环境供能设备接收载波发送节点对接收自所述第一读取节点的信号的信道质量的测量结果,其中所述载波发送节点用于向所述环境供能设备供能或用于产生反向散射信号。CW节点通常距离环境供能设备较近,CW节点可以接收来自第一读取节点的信号辅助测量路损,并反馈给环境供能设备。
由于环境供能设备的移动性较低,在上述方案中,第一读取节点、第二读取节点和环境供能设备不需要实时测量和/或上报信道质量。例如,可以周期性进行测量和/或上报,周期的大小可以预先定义或者由相关设备配置。例如,在拓扑结构2中,基站可以向第一/第二读取节点配置该周期。或者,测量和/或上报也可以是条件触发的(非周期),例如在环境供能设备连续X次(X大于1,例如X=2)被激活/选择时,第一读取节点、第二读取节点或环境供能设备进行一次测量和/或上报。
在一些实施例中,所述第二信道的发送功率基于干扰量确定。该干扰量可包括以下一个或多个:CW载波的干扰、通信系统中的其他下行信号的干扰(例如,NR或者6G系统中的PDSCH、PDCCH、下行参考信号)、通信系统中的其他上行信号的干扰(例如,NR或者6G系统中的PUSCH、PUCCH、上行参考信号)。干扰量的测量可以是基于A-IoT系统中的SINR或RSRP等参数进行。其中通信系统可以是新空口(NR)系统,也可以是其他应用A-IoT机制的通信系统。
在一种情况下,所述环境供能设备测量所述下行信号或者所述上行信号的干扰量。在这种情况下,环境供能设备具备测量能力,例如设备类型device 2b。环境供能设备测量来自通信系统中下行信号的干扰或者上行信号的干扰,环境供能设备根据干扰量确定第二信道的发送功率。
在另一种情况下,所述环境供能设备接收由所述载波发送节点测量的干扰量。例如,一些环境供能设备没有测量能力,通常CW节点距离环境供能设备较近,在inband/guardband的部署下,CW节点测量来自通信系统下行或者上行信号的干扰,并将干扰量发送给环境供能设备。
在另一种情况下,所述环境供能设备接收由所述第一读取节点测量的干扰量。第一读取节点测量来自通信系统的干扰,将干扰量发送给环境供能设备。在拓扑结构2的场景下,gNB可以向第一读取节点发送干扰量,第一读取节点将干扰量发送给环境供能设备。在gNB管理多读取节点的情况下,其他读取节点还可以向gNB发送干扰量,该干扰量表示第一读取节点对其他读取节点的干扰。
在另一种情况下,所述环境供能设备基于预设干扰量值确定所述干扰量。即根据通信协议预定义一个或多个干扰量,据此环境供能设备确定干扰量,并确定第二信道的发送功率。
在另一种情况下,所述环境供能设备接收来自基站或者用户设备测量的干扰量。在inband/guardband部署下,UE或gNB向第一读取节点发送干扰量。第一读取节点将干扰量发送给环境供能设备。这是由于第二信道或者反向散射信号的双边带信号也会给通信系统的下行信号或上行信号带来干扰,UE或gNB基于第二信道或者反向散射信号的双边带信号进行测量,向第一读取节点发送干扰量。在拓扑结构2的情况下,UE或gNB还可以向第二读取节点发送干扰量,第二读取节点向第一读取节点发送干扰量。
在一些实施例中,所述第二信道的发送功率基于所述第二信道的通信参数确定,其中,所述第二信道的通信参数包括以下至少之一:码片率、比特数、或时域和/或频域资源大小。
在一些实施例中,所述第二信道的发送功率基于功率调整量确定。具体地,功率调整量可基于以下方式确定:所述环境供能设备接收由所述第一读取节点、第二读取节点、载波发送节点或者用户设备发送的所述功率调整量。即第一读取节点、第二读取节点、CW节点或者用户设备基于前述干扰测量量,向环境供能设备发送功率调整量(例如,经由第一读取节点)。或者,第一读取节点或者第二读取节点可以基于检测性能和信道质量来确定功率调整量。应当理解,各节点还可以通过其他方式确定功率调整量并发送至环境供能设备,在本申请中不限定确定功率调整量的具体方式。
由于环境供能设备的移动性较低,在上述方案中,第一读取节点、第二读取节点、CW节点和用户设备不需要实时发送功率调整量。例如,可以周期性进行发送,周期的大小可以预先定义或者由相关设备配置。或者,功率调整量的发送也可以是条件触发的(非周期),例如在环境供能设备连续X次(X大于1,例如X=2)被激活/选择时,第一读取节点、第二读取节点或环境供能设备进行一次测量和/或上报。
类似地,环境供能设备不需要每次发送第二信道之前都基于上述方法重新确定一次发送功率。环境供能设备可以周期性地调整发送功率,周期的大小可以是预定义或者由相关节点配置的。除此之外,还可以定义第一信道的最小发送功率和/或最大发送功率,最小发送功率和/或最大发送功率可以是协议预定义的,最小发送功率/或最大发送功率还可以和频点、带宽有关,不同的频点支持不同的最小发送功率和/或最大发送功率,不同的带宽支持不同的最小发送功率和/或最大发送功率。当按上述方法计算得到的发送功率超过此最大/最小发送功率时,按照此最大/最小发送功率确定实际发送功率。即,基于上述方法确定的发送功率大于最大发送功率,则按照此最大发送功率发送第二信道;基于上述方法确定的发送功率小于最小发送功率,则按照此最小发送功率发送第二信道。
通过本方法,可以实现对A-IoT机制下环境供能设备向第一读取器发送的第二信道的功率的有效控制,在保证传输质量的基础上兼顾传输能量节约。
图9是根据本发明一实施例示出的载波发送节点发送的载波的功率控制方法的流程示意图。如图9所示,该方法包括操作S301:确定载波的发送功率;以及操作S302,基于所述发送功率向环境供能设备发送所述载波。本方法中的载波即前文描述的CW载波。
载波(CW)的作用是给环境供能设备供能(例如对于设备类型device 1/2a)或者用于产生反向散射信号(例如对于设备类型device 2b)。CW功控的意义在于:CW的发送功率影响反向散射信号的发送功率;CW对通信系统(例如NR系统)中其他信号存在干扰,即交叉链路干扰;通信系统中的其他信号对反向散射信号会产生干扰;如前文所述,CW对读取节点向环境供能设备的传输有干扰;作为储能的供能,CW的功率会影响充电效率。
CW的发送功率涉及的因素可包括以下一个或多个:第二信道(反向散射信号)的发送功率或接收功率、CW的信道质量、功率调整量、CW的通信参数和充电效率。
在一些实施例中,所述载波的发送功率基于反向散射信号的发送功率或接收功率确定。具体地,载波的发送功率基于以下方式之一确定:按照预设配置,直接确定载波的发送功率,即直接给出需要的发送功率的值;按照预设配置,根据环境供能设备的类型确定载波的发送功率,例如设备类型device 1对应一种发送功率,设备类型device 2a对应另一种发送功率;或者按照预设配置,根据第二信道的通信参数确定所述第一读取节点检测所述第二信道需要的接收功率,其中所述通信参数包括以下至少之一:码片率、比特数、时域和/或频域资源大小、频点或调制方式,例如,频点1对应一种接收功率,频点2对应另一种接收功率。其中预设配置可以是通信协议/通信标准预定义的值或计算方法。对于拓扑结构2的情况,基站可以向载波发送节点发送第一参数(S303),第一参数包括用于确定CW发送功率的参数,例如,第二信道的发送功率或接收功率。这是由于gNB覆盖范围内有其他中间节点和传统NR UE,gNB有更大的管理能力。gNB也可以向中间节点发送第一参数,中间节点将第一参数通知该CW节点(对于CW节点在拓扑外的情况)。
在一些实施例中,载波的发送功率基于所述信道质量确定。信道质量也可以称为路损。例如,CW的发送功率可以为P0和f(PL)之和,其中,P0为上述接收功率,f(PL)是以信道质量为变量的函数。
其中,对于CW节点在拓扑结构内的情况,所述载波发送节点测量来自所述环境供能设备的信号,根据测量结果确定所述信道质量;所述载波发送节点经由第二读取节点获取来自所述环境供能设备的信号的测量结果,根据所述测量结果确定所述信道质量,具体可参考图7所描述的方法中第一信道的信道质量的获取方法。
此外,对于CW节点在拓扑结构外的情况,可以基于以下方式之一确定:所述载波发送节点获取所述环境供能设备对来自所述载波发送节点的信号的测量结果,根据所述测量结果确定所述信道质量;所述载波发送节点经由第一读取器获取所述信道质量;所述载波发送节点经由基站获取所述信道质量。具体地,对于环境供能设备具有测量能力的情况,环境供能设备接收来自CW节点的信号进行测量,并将测量结果或信道质量发送给第一读取节点或第二读取节点。第一读取节点或第二读取节点将测量结果或信道质量发送给CW节点。CW节点根据测量结果或信道质量确定CW的发送功率。对于环境供能设备没有测量能力的情况,读取节点向CW节点指示信道质量,读取节点可以测量CW节点经由环境供能设备至读取节点之间的路损。此外,在拓扑结构2的场景下,基站可向CW节点指示信道质量。
由于环境供能设备的移动性较低,在上述方案中,基站、读取节点或环境供能设备不需要实时测量和/或指示信道质量。例如,可以周期性进行测量和/或指示,周期的大小可以预先定义或者由相关设备配置。或者,测量和/或指示也可以是条件触发的(非周期),例如在环境供能设备连续X次(X大于1,例如X=2)被激活/选择时,基站、读取节点或环境供能设备进行一次测量和/或指示。
在一些实施例中,所述载波的发送功率基于干扰量确定。其中,所述干扰量包括所述载波对通信系统中其他信号(例如,NR或者6G系统中的PDSCH、PDCCH、下行参考信号、PUSCH、PUCCH、上行参考信号)的干扰,反向散射的双边带信号对通信系统中其他信号的干扰,或者反向散射的双边带信号对环境供能设备与第一读取器之间的信号的干扰。其中,通信系统可以是新空口(NR)系统或者其他采用A-IoT机制的通信系统。
当载波在下行频段发送时,所述干扰量基于以下方式之一确定:所述载波发送节点接收由用户设备测量的所述载波的干扰,或者由用户设备测量的反向散射的双边带信号的干扰;所述载波发送节点接收由所述环境供能设备测量的所述载波对所述第一读取器向所述环境供能设备的传输的干扰;或者所述载波发送节点接收由所述第一读取器测量的所述载波对所述环境供能设备向所述第一读取器的传输的干扰。具体地,UE可测量CW的干扰或者测量反向散射的双边带信号的干扰,向CW节点(CW节点在拓扑外得情况)或者读取节点(第一读取节点或第二读取节点)指示干扰量。当UE向第一读取节点发送干扰量,第一读取节点再向CW节点发送干扰量。当UE向第二读取节点发送干扰量,第二读取节点将干扰量指示给第一读取节点,第一读取节点再向CW节点发送干扰量。或者,在拓扑结构2下,UE可以向gNB发送干扰量,gNB向读取节点或者CW指示。此外,对于环境供能设备具有测量能力的情况,环境供能设备测量CW对读取节点向环境供能设备传输方向的干扰,并将干扰量发送个CW节点,如图5中配置1和配置3的情况。此外,读取节点可以测量CW对D2R信号的干扰,并通知给CW节点。
当所述载波在上行频段发送时,所述干扰量基于以下方式之一确定:所述载波发送节点接收由基站测量的所述载波的干扰,或者由基站测量的反向散射的双边带信号的干扰;所述载波发送节点接收由所述环境供能设备测量的所述载波对所述第一读取器向所述环境供能设备的传输的干扰;或者所述载波发送节点接收由所述读取器测量的所述载波对所述环境供能设备向所述第一读取器的传输的干扰。具体地,gNB可测量CW的干扰或者测量反向散射的双边带信号的干扰,向CW节点(CW节点在拓扑外的情况)或者读取节点(第一读取节点或第二读取节点)指示干扰量。当gNB向读取节点发送干扰量,读取节点再向CW节点发送干扰量。此外,对于环境供能设备有测量能力的情况,环境供能设备可测量CW对读取节点向环境供能设备传输方向的干扰,并将干扰量发送给CW节点,如图6中配置1和配置3的情况。此外,读取节点可测量CW对D2R信号的干扰,并通知给CW节点。
在一些实施例中,所述载波的发送功率基于功率调整量确定。其中,其中,所述功率调整量基于以下方式确定:所述载波发送节点接收所述环境供能设备确定的功率调整量,其中所述环境供能设备基于反向散射信号的发送功率确定所述功率调整量。环境供能设备基于反向散射信号的发送功率确定功率调整量,并将CW的功率调整量直接发送给CW节点,或者经由读取节点发送给CW节点。此外,也可以基于上述干扰量的方法,基于干扰量由各相关节点向CW节点指示功率调整量。
在一些实施例中,当所述载波携带数据或控制信息时,所述载波的发送功率基于所述载波的通信参数确定,其中,所述载波的通信参数包括以下至少之一:码片率、比特数、或时域和/或频域资源大小。
在一些实施例中,所述载波的发送功率基于所述载波发送节点与所述环境供能设备之间的距离确定。此距离影响充电效率,距离远充电慢,距离近充电快。读取节点或者gNb向CW发送环境供能设备的位置(距离),CW节点基于环境供能设备的位置调整发送功率。
除此之外,还可以定义CW的最小发送功率和/或最大发送功率,最小发送功率和/或最大发送功率可以是协议预定义的,最小发送功率/或最大发送功率还可以和频点、带宽有关,不同的频点支持不同的最小发送功率和/或最大发送功率,不同的带宽支持不同的最小发送功率和/或最大发送功率。当按上述方法计算得到的发送功率超过此最大/最小发送功率时,按照此最大/最小发送功率确定实际发送功率。即,基于上述方法确定的发送功率大于最大发送功率,则按照此最大发送功率发送CW;基于上述方法确定的发送功率小于最小发送功率,则按照此最小发送功率发送CW。
CW可以是广播或组播的形式发送,即多个环境供能设备都需要接收同一个CW。但是不同环境供能设备的反向散射信号需要的发送功率、路损、干扰等可以不一样,因此,在上述影响发送功率的因素中,CW节点可以基于多个环境供能设备的反馈决定发送功率。
通过本方法,可以实现对A-IoT机制下CW载波的功率的有效控制,在保证传输质量的基础上兼顾传输能量节约。
图10是根据本发明一实施例示出的由读取器向环境供能设备的信道的功率偏置方法的流程示意图。如图10所示,该方法包括操作S401:确定所述读取器向所述环境供能设备发送的第一序列(例如,前导信号(Preamble))的功率;以及操作S402:确定控制或数据信号(Control+Data)相对所述第一序列的第一功率偏置,跟据所述第一功率偏置确定所述控制或数据信号的功率。图11是由读取器向环境供能设备发送的信号时序示意图。在A-IoT系统中,第一信道/信号的接收方为终端,第一信道/信号不包括CW,第一信道/信号的发送方可以为基站或者中间节点。第一信道/信号包括第一序列(也可称作定时信号),第一序列用于确定第一信道/信号起始时间或用于获取定时,第一信道/信号还可能包括数据和/或控制信息、第二序列(也可称作中间码(midamble)或者同步信号)用于同步、第三序列(也可称作后同步信号(postamble))用于同步或确定第一信道/信号的结束时间。
其中,所述第一功率偏置基于以下方式之一确定:所述第一功率偏置根据功率偏置预设值确定;所述第一功率偏置根据所述控制或数据信号的码片率、长度、时域和/或频域资源大小或调制方式确定;或者所述读取器接收所述环境供能设备确定的所述第一功率偏置。具体地,可以预定义一个或多个功率偏置,默认的功率偏置的可以为0dB。此外,功率偏置可以和控制或数据信号的码片率、长度、时域和/或频域资源大小或调制方式相关,例如,码片率大时可采用较高的功率偏置。此外,读取节点可根据控制或数据信号的码片率、长度、时域和/或频域资源大小或调制方式确定该功率偏置。此外,环境供能设备可辅助选择,即基于接收功率或解调译码性能,辅助读取节点确定功率偏置。
其中,控制或数据信号与第一序列之间有一个间隙,用于功率调整。间隙的长度可以是预定义的,例如,间隙的长度和放大器倍数的调整时间有关。间隙的长度还可以包括通电的时间,具体包括信号从低电平到高电平所需的时间(例如,1微秒)与发送信号前的等待时间(例如,2500微秒)之和。或者在现有的间隙(用于处理同步)基础上需要额外增加一个功率调整的时长。控制或数据信号与第一序列可以是同一个信道,也可以在不同信道。
本实施例对于第一序列的发送功率的获取方式不限定,可以基于本发明中前文介绍的实施例。在一些实施例中,图10所示的方法还可包括:确定所述读取器向所述环境供能设备发送的激活信号的功率,所述激活信号用于激活所述环境供能设备;以及确定所述第一序列相对所述激活信号的第二功率偏置,根据所述第二功率偏置确定所述第一序列的功率。其中,所述第二功率偏置基于以下方式之一确定:根据功率偏置预设值确定;或者根据所述第一序列的长度、格式和/或码片率确定。在确定第一序列的功率之前,先确定激活信号(D2R)的功率。激活信号的功率可以参考图7所示的第一信道的发送功率的确定式确定,在此不再赘述。可以预定义一个或多个第二功率偏置值,默认的功率偏置可以为0dB。第二功率偏置可以和第一序列的长度、格式、码片率有关。或者,读取节点可根据第一序列的长度、格式确定功率偏置。
其中,Preambl与激活信号之间有一个间隙,用于功率调整。间隙的长度可以是预定义的。
通过本方法,可以实现对A-IoT机制下R2D信号的功率的有效控制,在保证传输质量的基础上兼顾传输能量节约。
图12是根据本发明一实施例示出的由环境供能设备向读取器的信道的功率偏置方法的流程示意图。如图12所示,该方法包括操作S501:确定所述环境供能设备向所述读取器发送的第四序列(例如,Preamble)的功率;以及操作S502:确定控制和/或数据信号(Control+Data)相对所述第四序列的第三功率偏置,根据所述第三功率偏置确定所述数据信号的功率。图13是由环境供能设备向读取器发送的信号时序示意图。在A-IoT系统中,第二信道/信号的接收方可以为基站或者中间节点。第二信道/信号包括第四序列(也可称作定时信号),第四序列用于确定第二信道/信号起始时间或用于获取定时,第二信道/信号还可能包括数据/控制信息、第五序列(也可称作中间码(midamble)或者同步信号)用于同步、第六序列(也可称作后同步信号(postamble))用于同步或确定第二信道/信号的结束时间。
其中,所述第三功率偏置基于以下方式之一确定:所述第三功率偏置根据功率偏置预设值确定;所述第三功率偏置根据所述数据信号的码片率、长度、时域和/或频域资源大小或调制方式确定;所述环境供能设备接收所述读取器确定的所述第三功率偏置,其中所述第三功率偏置通过控制信息传输。具体地,可以预定义一个或多个功率偏置,默认的功率偏置的可以为0dB。此外,功率偏置可以和控制或数据信号的码片率、长度、时域和/或频域资源大小或调制方式相关,例如,码片率大时可采用较高的功率偏置。此外,读取节点可在控制信息中指示该功率偏置。此外,环境供能设备可基于控制或数据信号的码片率、长度、时域和/或频域资源大小或调制方式确定功率偏置。
其中,控制和/或数据信号与第四序列之间有一个间隙,间隙用于功率调整。间隙的长度可以是预定义的,例如,间隙的长度和放大器倍数的调整时间有关。间隙的长度还可以包括通电的时间,具体包括信号从低电平到高电平所需的时间与发送信号前的等待时间之和。或者在现有的间隙(用于处理同步)基础上需要额外增加一个功率调整的时长。
本实施例对于第四序列的发送功率的获取方式不限定,可以基于本申请中前文介绍的实施例。在一些实施例中,图12所示的方法还可包括:确定激活信号的功率;以及确定第四序列与所述激活信号之间的第四功率偏置,所述激活信号用于激活所述环境供能设备。其中,所述第四功率偏置基于以下方式之一确定:所述第四功率偏置根据功率偏置预设值确定;或者所述第四功率偏置根据所述第四序列的长度、格式和或码片率确定。在确定第四序列的功率之前,先确定激活信号(R2D)的功率。激活信号的功率可以参考图7所示的第一信道的发送功率的确定式确定,在此不再赘述。可以预定义一个或多个第四功率偏置值,默认的功率偏置可以为0dB。第四功率偏置可以和第四序列的长度、格式、码片率有关。或者,读取节点可根据第四序列的长度、格式确定功率偏置。
其中,第四序列与激活信号之间有一个间隙,用于功率调整。间隙的长度可以是预定义的。
通过本方法,可以实现对A-IoT机制下D2R信号的功率的有效控制,在保证传输质量的基础上兼顾传输能量节约。
此外,本申请还提供一种通信系统(如NR系统)中的其他信号的功率控制方法。通信系统中的其他信号会对前述D2R或R2D信号产生干扰,通过控制这些信号的发送功率,可以减少对D2R或R2D信号的干扰。
该方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1:读取节点、CW节点(如果有测量能力)或者环境供能设备(如果有测量能力)测量通信系统的上行/下行信号对D2R或R2D信号的干扰。例如测量A-IoT系统中的SINR,干扰信号的RSRP。具体的,D2R或者R2D在下行频谱,读取节点、CW节点或者环境供能设备可以测量下行信号的干扰。D2R或者R2D在上行频谱,读取节点、CW节点或者环境供能设备可以测量上行信号的干扰。本实施例可以引入测量窗口,在测量窗口内进行干扰测量,在测量窗口内,不发送R2D、D2R以及CW信号。测量窗口可以是gNB配置的。上行频谱和下行频域的测量窗口可以不一样。
步骤2:读取节点或者CW节点向gNB发送指示信息,指示信息包括干扰量的信息或者指示是否需要降低功率。指示信息还可以指示需要调整下行功率还是上行功率。指示信息可以通过现有NR的信号,例如,上行控制信息(UCI)或者PUSCH。
步骤3:gNB或UE基于指示信息调整下行或上行信号的发送功率。当指示信息指示调整下行信号的功率,gNB自行调整下行信号的发送功率。当指示信息指示需要调整上行信号的功率,gNB可以根据指示信息向UE发送传输功率控制信息(TPC),UE根据TPC,按照现有NR的功控方式调整功率
[根据细则91更正 16.04.2024]
图14是本申请实施例提供的一种通信设备600的示意性框图。如图14所示,该通信设备600包括处理器601和存储器602,处理器601与存储器602可通信地连接。该通信设备600可以为,例如但不限于,读取器(如基站或中间节点)、载波发送节点、环境供能设备等。在一些实施例中,通信设备600还可包括用于发送/接收数据的收发机,或者仅包括用于发送数据的发送电路,或者仅包括用于接收数据的接收电路。通信设备600的存储器602用于存储程序指令,该程序指令可被处理器601执行,以实现前文中任一实施例中所描述的无线通信方法,即前述任一环境供能设备接收的第一信道的功率控制方法、环境供能设备发送的第二信道的功率控制方法、载波发送节点发送的载波的功率控制方法、由读取器向环境供能设备的信道的功率偏置方法或者由环境供能设备向读取器的信道的功率偏置方法。
图14是本申请实施例提供的一种通信设备600的示意性框图。如图14所示,该通信设备600包括处理器601和存储器602,处理器601与存储器602可通信地连接。该通信设备600可以为,例如但不限于,读取器(如基站或中间节点)、载波发送节点、环境供能设备等。在一些实施例中,通信设备600还可包括用于发送/接收数据的收发机,或者仅包括用于发送数据的发送电路,或者仅包括用于接收数据的接收电路。通信设备600的存储器602用于存储程序指令,该程序指令可被处理器601执行,以实现前文中任一实施例中所描述的无线通信方法,即前述任一环境供能设备接收的第一信道的功率控制方法、环境供能设备发送的第二信道的功率控制方法、载波发送节点发送的载波的功率控制方法、由读取器向环境供能设备的信道的功率偏置方法或者由环境供能设备向读取器的信道的功率偏置方法。
应理解,本申请实施例的处理器可能是一种集成电路芯片,具有信号的处理能力。在实现过程中,上述方法实施例的各步骤可以通过处理器中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。
可以理解,本申请实施例中的存储器可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器,或可包括易失性和非易失性存储器两者。应注意,本文描述的系统和方法的存储器旨在包括但不限于这些和任意其它适合类型的存储器。本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质,用于存储计算机程序。
可选的,该计算机可读存储介质可应用于本申请实施例中的通信设备,并且该计算机程序使得计算机执行本申请实施例的各个方法中由通信设备实现的相应流程,为了简洁,在此不再赘述。可选地,该计算机可读存储介质可应用于本申请任一实施例中的读取器、环境供能设备或载波发送节点,并且该计算机程序使得计算机执行本申请实施例的各个方法中由接入点实现的流程,为了简洁,在此不再赘述。可选地,该计算机可读存储介质可应用于本申请任一实施例中的读取器、环境供能设备或载波发送节点,并且该计算机程序使得计算机执行本申请实施例的各个方法中由读取器、环境供能设备或载波发送节点实现的流程,为了简洁,在此不再赘述。
本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机程序产品,包括计算机程序指令。
可选的,该计算机程序产品可应用于本申请实施例中的通信设备,并且该计算机程序指令使得计算机执行本申请实施例的各个方法中由通信设备(读取器、环境供能设备或载波发送节点)实现的相应流程,为了简洁,在此不再赘述。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到,结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤,能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行,取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能,但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
以上所述,仅为本申请的具体实施方式,但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此,本申请的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (51)
- 一种环境供能设备接收的第一信道的功率控制方法,由第一读取节点执行,包括:确定所述第一信道的发送功率;以及基于所述发送功率向环境供能设备发送所述第一信道;其中,所述第一读取节点为基站或者中间节点。
- 如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述第一信道的发送功率基于所述环境供能设备检测所述第一信道需要的接收功率确定。
- 如权利要求2所述的方法,其中,所述环境供能设备检测所述第一信道需要的接收功率基于以下方式之一确定:按照预设配置,直接确定所述环境供能设备检测所述第一信道需要的接收功率;按照预设配置,根据所述环境供能设备的类型确定所述环境供能设备检测所述第一信道需要的接收功率;或者按照预设配置,根据所述第一信道的通信参数确定所述环境供能设备检测所述第一信道需要的接收功率,其中所述通信参数包括以下至少之一:码片率、比特数、时域和/或频域资源大小、频点或调制方式。
- 如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述第一信道的发送功率基于信道质量确定。
- 如权利要求4所述的方法,其中,所述信道质量基于以下方式之一确定:所述第一读取节点测量来自所述环境供能设备的第二信道并获取测量结果,根据所述第二信道的测量结果确定所述信道质量;所述第一读取节点经由第二读取节点获取来自所述环境供能设备的第二信道的测量结果,根据所述第二信道的测量结果确定所述信道质量,其中,所述第二读取节点为接收所述环境供能设备传输的节点;所述第一读取节点接收所述环境供能设备对所述第一读取节点在先发送的信号的信道质量的测量结果;或者所述第一读取节点接收载波发送节点对接收自所述第一读取节点的信号的信道质量的测量结果,其中所述载波发送节点用于向所述环境供能设备供能或用于产生反向散射信号。
- 如权利要求4所述的方法,其中:所述第一读取节点按照预设周期测量或接收所述信道质量;或者所述第一读取节点按照预设条件测量或接收所述信道质量。
- 如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述第一信道的发送功率基于干扰量确定。
- 如权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述干扰量包括所述载波发送节点发送的信号产生的干扰量、下行信号产生的干扰量、或上行信号产生的干扰量,其中所述载波发送节点发送的信号用于向所述环境供能设备供能或用于产生反向散射信号。
- 如权利要求8所述的方法,其中,所述干扰量基于以下方式之一确定:所述第一读取节点接收所述环境供能设备测量的来自所述载波发送节点的干扰量、所述下行信号的干扰量、或所述上行信号的干扰量;所述第一读取节点接收所述载波发送节点测量得到的所述下行信号的干扰量或所述上行信号的干扰量;所述第一读取节点是中间节点,所述第一读取节点接收基站发送的干扰量或者其他读取节点发送的干扰量;基于预设干扰量值确定所述干扰量;接收来自用户设备或者基站的干扰量;或者所述第一读取节点测量所述下行信号和/或上行信号的干扰量。
- 如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述第一信道的发送功率基于所述第一信道的通信参数确定,其中,所述第一信道的通信参数包括以下至少之一:码片率、比特数、或时域和/或频域资源大小。
- 如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述第一信道的发送功率基于功率调整量确定。
- 如权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述功率调整量基于以下方式确定:所述第一读取节点接收由所述环境供能设备、所述载波发送节点或者用户设备发送的所述功率调整量。
- 如权利要求11所述的方法,其中:所述第一读取节点按照预设周期接收所述功率调整量;或者所述第一读取节点按照预设条件接收所述功率调整量。
- 一种环境供能设备发送的第二信道的功率控制方法,由环境供能设备执行,包括:确定所述第二信道的发送功率;以及基于所述发送功率向第一读取节点发送所述第二信道;其中,所述第一读取节点为基站或者中间节点。
- 如权利要求14所述的方法,其中,所述第二信道的发送功率基于所述第一读取节点检测所述第二信道需要的接收功率确定。
- 如权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述第一读取节点检测所述第二信道需要的接收功率基于以下方式之一确定:按照预设配置,直接确定所述环境供能设备检测所述第一信道需要的接收功率;按照预设配置,根据所述环境供能设备的类型确定所述环境供能设备检测所述第一信道需要的接收功率;或者按照预设配置,根据所述第一信道的通信参数确定所述环境供能设备检测所述第一信道需要的接收功率,其中所述通信参数包括以下至少之一:码片率、比特数、时域和/或频域资源大小、频点或调制方式。
- 如权利要求14所述的方法,其中,所述第二信道的发送功率基于信道质量确定。
- 如权利要求17所述的方法,其中,所述信道质量基于以下方式之一确定:所述环境供能设备接收所述第一读取节点测量的来自所述环境供能设备的在先信号的信道质量的测量结果;所述环境供能设备测量来自所述第一读取节点的第一信道;所述环境供能设备接收载波发送节点对接收自所述第一读取节点的信号的信道质量的测量结果,其中所述载波发送节点用于向所述环境供能设备供能或用于产生反向散射信号。
- 如权利要求18所述的方法,其中:所述第一读取节点按照预设周期测量或接收信道质量;或者所述第一读取节点按照预设条件测量或接收信道质量。
- 如权利要求14所述的方法,其中,所述第二信道的发送功率基于干扰量确定。
- 如权利要求20所述的方法,其中,所述干扰量包括载波发送节点发送的信号产生的干扰量、下行信号产生的干扰量、或上行信号产生的干扰量,其中所述载波发送节点发送的信号用于向所述环境供能设备供能或用于产生反向散射信号。
- 如权利要求21所述的方法,其中,所述干扰量基于以下方式之一确定:所述环境供能设备测量所述下行信号或者所述上行信号的干扰量;所述环境供能设备接收由所述载波发送节点测量的干扰量;所述环境供能设备接收由所述第一读取节点测量的干扰量;所述环境供能设备基于预设干扰量值确定所述干扰量;所述环境供能设备接收来自基站或者用户设备测量的干扰量。
- 如权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述第二信道的发送功率基于所述第二信道的通信参数确定,其中,所述第二信道的通信参数包括以下至少之一:码片率、比特数、或时域和/或频域资源大小。
- 如权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述第二信道的发送功率基于功率调整量确定。
- 如权利要求24所述的方法,其中所述功率调整量基于以下方式确定:所述环境供能设备接收由所述第一读取节点、第二读取节点、载波发送节点或者用户设备发送的所述功率调整量。
- 如权利要求25所述的方法,其中:所述环境供能设备按照预设周期接收所述功率调整量;或者所述环境供能设备按照预设条件接收所述功率调整量。
- 一种载波发送节点发送的载波的功率控制方法,其中所述载波用于向环境供能设备供能或用于产生反向散射信号,所述方法由载波发送节点执行,包括:确定所述载波的发送功率,以及基于所述发送功率向环境供能设备发送所述载波。
- 如权利要求27所述的方法,其中,所述载波的发送功率基于反向散射信号的发送功率或接收功率确定。
- 如权利要求28所述的方法,其中,所述反向散射信号的发送功率或接收功率基于以下方式之一确定:按照预设配置,根据所述环境供能设备的类型确定所述反向散射信号的发送功率或接收功率;或者按照预设配置,根据所述反向散射信号的通信参数确定所述反向散射信号的发送功率或接收功率,其中所述通信参数包括以下至少之一:码片率、比特数、时域和/或频域资源大小、频点或调制方式。
- 如权利要求27所述的方法,其中,所述载波的发送功率基于所述信道质量确定。
- 如权利要求30所述的方法,其中,所述载波的信道质量基于以下方式之一确定:所述载波发送节点测量来自所述环境供能设备的信号,根据测量结果确定所述信道质量;所述载波发送节点经由第二读取节点获取来自所述环境供能设备的信号的测量结果,根据所述测量结果确定所述信道质量;所述载波发送节点获取所述环境供能设备对来自所述载波发送节点的信号的测量结果,根据所述测量结果确定所述信道质量;所述载波发送节点经由第一读取器获取所述信道质量;所述载波发送节点经由基站获取所述信道质量。
- 如权利要求31所述的方法,其中:所述载波发送节点按照预设周期测量或接收所述信道质量;或者所述载波发送节点按照预设条件测量或接收所述信道质量。
- 如权利要求27所述的方法,其中,所述载波的发送功率基于干扰量确定。
- 如权利要求33所述的方法,其中,所述干扰量包括所述载波对通信系统中其他信号的干扰,反向散射的双边带信号对通信系统中其他信号的干扰,或者反向散射的双边带信号对环境供能设备与第一读取器之间的信号的干扰。
- 如权力要求34所述的方法,其中,当所述载波在下行频段发送时,所述干扰量基于以下方式之一确定:所述载波发送节点接收由用户设备测量的所述载波的干扰,或者由用户设备测量的反向散射的双边带信号的干扰;所述载波发送节点接收由所述环境供能设备测量的所述载波对所述第一读取器向所述环境供能设备的传输的干扰;或者所述载波发送节点接收由所述第一读取器测量的所述载波对所述环境供能设备向所述第一读取器的传输的干扰。
- 如权力要求34所述的方法,其中,当所述载波在上行频段发送时,所述干扰量基于以下方式之一确定:所述载波发送节点接收由基站测量的所述载波的干扰,或者由基站测量的反向散射的双边带信号的干扰;所述载波发送节点接收由所述环境供能设备测量的所述载波对所述第一读取器向所述环境供能设备的传输的干扰;或者所述载波发送节点接收由所述读取器测量的所述载波对所述环境供能设备向所述第一读取器的传输的干扰。
- 如权利要求27所述的方法,其中,所述载波的发送功率基于功率调整量确定。
- 如权利要求37所述的方法,其中,所述功率调整量基于以下方式确定:所述载波发送节点接收所述环境供能设备确定的功率调整量,其中所述环境供能设备基于反向散射信号的发送功率确定所述功率调整量。
- 如权利要求27所述的方法,当所述载波携带数据或控制信息时,所述载波的发送功率基于所述载波的通信参数确定,其中,所述载波的通信参数包括以下至少之一:码片率、比特数、或时域和/或频域资源大小。
- 如权利要求27所述的方法,其中所述载波的发送功率基于所述载波发送节点与所述环境供能设备之间的距离确定。
- 如权利要求27所述的方法,其中,当所述载波以广播或组播的形式发送时,所述载波的功率基于多个环境供能设备的反馈决定。
- 一种由读取器向环境供能设备的信道的功率偏置方法,由所述读取器执行,其中,所述方法包括:确定所述读取器向所述环境供能设备发送的前导信号的功率;以及确定控制或数据信号相对所述前导信号的第一功率偏置,跟据所述第一功率偏置确定所述控制或数据信号的功率。
- 如权利要求42所述的方法,其中,所述第一功率偏置基于以下方式之一确定:所述第一功率偏置根据功率偏置预设值确定;所述第一功率偏置根据所述控制或数据信号的码片率、长度、时域和/或频域资源大小或调制方式确定;所述读取器接收所述环境供能设备确定的所述第一功率偏置。
- 如权利要求42所述的方法,其中,还包括:确定所述读取器向所述环境供能设备发送的激活信号的功率;以及确定所述前导信号相对所述激活信号的第二功率偏置,根据所述第二功率偏置确定所述前导信号的功率。
- 如权利要求44所述的方法,其中,所述第二功率偏置基于以下方式之一确定:根据功率偏置预设值确定;或者根据所述前导信号的长度、格式和/或码片率确定。
- 一种由环境供能设备向读取器的信道的功率偏置方法,由所述环境供能设备执行,其中,所述方法包括:确定所述环境供能设备向所述读取器发送的前导信号的功率;以及确定控制或数据信号相对所述前导信号的第三功率偏置,根据所述第三功率偏置确定所述控制或数据信号的功率。
- 如权利要求46所述的方法,其中所述第三功率偏置基于以下方式之一确定:所述第三功率偏置根据功率偏置预设值确定;所述第三功率偏置根据所述控制或数据信号的码片率、长度、时域和/或频域资源大小或调制方式确定;所述环境供能设备接收所述读取器确定的所述第三功率偏置,其中所述第三功率偏置通过控制信息传输。
- 如权利要求46所述的方法,其中,还包括:确定激活信号的功率;以及确定前导信号与所述激活信号之间的第四功率偏置。
- 如权利要求48所述的方法,其中,所述第四功率偏置基于以下方式之一确定:所述第四功率偏置根据功率偏置预设值确定;或者所述第四功率偏置根据所述前导信号的长度、格式和或码片率确定。
- 一种无线通信设备,包括处理器和存储器,其中,所述存储器用于存储程序指令,所述程序指令被所述处理器执行时,用于实现如权利要求1至49任一项所描述的方法。
- 一种可读存储介质,用于存储程序指令,其中,所述程序指令被处理器执行时,用于实现如权利要求1至49任一项所描述的方法。
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| WO2023109786A1 (zh) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-06-22 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | 反向散射通信方法、终端及网络侧设备 |
| WO2023236154A1 (zh) * | 2022-06-09 | 2023-12-14 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | 双工终端、双工通信方法、装置及芯片 |
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2024
- 2024-04-06 WO PCT/CN2024/086287 patent/WO2025208652A1/zh active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20150057009A1 (en) * | 2011-10-05 | 2015-02-26 | Alcatel-Lucent Usa Inc. | Method and apparatus of dynamic spectrum sharing in cellular networks |
| CN103269487A (zh) * | 2013-04-22 | 2013-08-28 | 中国人民解放军理工大学通信工程学院 | 毫微微蜂窝网络下行链路中基于博弈论的动态干扰管理方法 |
| WO2023109786A1 (zh) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-06-22 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | 反向散射通信方法、终端及网络侧设备 |
| WO2023236154A1 (zh) * | 2022-06-09 | 2023-12-14 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | 双工终端、双工通信方法、装置及芯片 |
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