WO2025201429A1 - 一种聚碳酸酯组合物及其应用 - Google Patents

一种聚碳酸酯组合物及其应用

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Publication number
WO2025201429A1
WO2025201429A1 PCT/CN2025/085152 CN2025085152W WO2025201429A1 WO 2025201429 A1 WO2025201429 A1 WO 2025201429A1 CN 2025085152 W CN2025085152 W CN 2025085152W WO 2025201429 A1 WO2025201429 A1 WO 2025201429A1
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Prior art keywords
polycarbonate
flame retardant
parts
polycarbonate composition
composition according
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PCT/CN2025/085152
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
梁惠强
岑茵
陈平绪
叶南飚
艾军伟
彭民乐
王培涛
刘贤文
董相茂
蒋刚军
丁超
张志铭
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Kingfa Science and Technology Co Ltd
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Kingfa Science and Technology Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2025201429A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025201429A1/zh
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L69/00Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/011Nanostructured additives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00Properties
    • C08L2201/02Flame or fire retardant/resistant

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of polymer materials, and in particular to a polycarbonate composition and application thereof.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a polycarbonate composition.
  • the composition through the combination of specific types of voltage stabilizers and compatibilizers, can achieve extremely excellent PTI performance (number of drops ⁇ 50 when tested at 300V) and flame retardant performance (V-0 level), while also having ideal HAI and HWI performance, making it very suitable for small thin-walled electrical devices.
  • a polycarbonate composition comprising the following components in parts by weight:
  • the voltage stabilizer is an organic epoxysiloxane modified titanate powder with a particle size D50 of 50 to 500 nm;
  • the compatibilizer is silicon copolymerized polycarbonate.
  • the weight proportion of the polycarbonate is 40 parts, 45 parts, 50 parts, 55 parts, 60 parts, 65 parts, 70 parts or any two of the range values;
  • the weight proportion of the compatibilizer is 20 parts, 22 parts, 24 parts, 25 parts, 28 parts, 30 parts or any two of the range values;
  • the weight proportion of the flame retardant is 5 parts, 10 parts, 12 parts, 15 parts or any two of the range values;
  • the weight proportion of the voltage stabilizer is 0.5 parts, 1 part, 1.5 parts, 2 parts, 2.5 parts, 3 parts, 3.5 parts, 4 parts, 4.5 parts, 5 parts or any two of the range values;
  • the weight proportion of the anti-dripping agent is 0.1 parts, 0.2 parts, 0.5 parts, 0.6 parts, 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts or any two of the range values;
  • the polycarbonate composition comprises the following components in parts by weight:
  • polycarbonate 50-60 parts of polycarbonate, 20-30 parts of compatibilizer, 8-12 parts of flame retardant, 2-3 parts of voltage stabilizer, and 0.2-4 parts of anti-dripping agent.
  • Polycarbonate (PC) is a relatively common plastic used in devices, but it is rarely used in small, thin-walled electrical devices. The main reason is that polycarbonate is a compound with a high carbonization rate. Although it has good flame retardancy, the carbon structure generated when an external voltage is applied will form a conductive path, resulting in poor tracking resistance of the product. The energy generated by the power supply may further cause the material to burn. Therefore, existing polycarbonate will introduce additives such as electrical performance improvers and flame retardants to ensure the product's PTI performance and flame retardancy. However, the loose molecular structure of polycarbonate itself is not conducive to the attachment of these small organic molecules or inorganic substances. As a result, once the product is used in the field of high current power supply, these additives will directly fail. Some products that pass the PTI and flame retardancy tests do not give ideal results in HAI and HWI tests.
  • the introduction of this component is far from enough to enable the product to achieve high HAI and HWI performance, because in the process of large current electrification, the titanate powder must maintain extremely high dispersion and position stability in order to maintain normal electrical insulation and flame retardant synergistic effects. Otherwise, if the titanate agglomerates, not only will a catalytic effect be formed locally, but also some of the aggregates will be The carbonate matrix degrades and may also cause charge concentration due to the introduction of defects, resulting in an amplification effect. Therefore, the inventors first modified the titanate powder with organic epoxysiloxane to introduce Si-O groups and epoxy groups, wherein the epoxy groups react with the polycarbonate resin so that the titanate powder can effectively adhere to the matrix resin.
  • silicon copolymer polycarbonate is introduced as a compatibilizer.
  • this compatibilizer can effectively compatibility with the modified titanate powder due to the Si-O groups, and on the other hand, it can be directly compatible with the matrix resin, thereby improving the dispersibility of the titanate powder.
  • the modified titanate powder can effectively help the matrix polycarbonate resin achieve good electrical insulation and flame retardancy, and achieve excellent results in HAI and HWI tests under high current.
  • titanate powder and polycarbonate matrix resin are still two different phases, the above-mentioned improvements have extremely high requirements on the size and addition amount of titanate powder. If the size is too large or too small, or the addition amount is too much, the modification effect will not be able to compensate for the heterogeneous effect of the two. Not only will the product fail to achieve the expected excellent HAI performance and HWI performance, it may even affect the product's conventional PTI and flame retardant properties.
  • the weight percentage of polycarbonate is ⁇ 50 wt%.
  • the polycarbonate is bisphenol A polycarbonate.
  • the polycarbonate has a melt flow rate of 3 to 26 g/10 min at 300° C. and a load of 1.2 kg, as measured according to ISO 1133-2012.
  • the polycarbonate has a melt flow rate of 3 to 20 g/10 min at 300° C. and a load of 1.2 kg, as measured according to ISO 1133-2012.
  • the number average molecular weight of the polycarbonate is 22,000 to 30,000.
  • the number average molecular weight of the polycarbonate is 22,000, 24,000, 25,000, 28,000, 30,000, or a value within the range of any two of the above.
  • the number average molecular weight of the polycarbonate of the present invention can be directly measured by gel permeation chromatography.
  • the polycarbonate has a terminal hydroxyl content of less than 100 ppm and a BPA (bisphenol A) content of less than 20 ppm.
  • the terminal hydroxyl group and BPA in the polycarbonate are quantitatively analyzed by infrared spectroscopy to determine their contents.
  • polycarbonate described in the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned types. Those skilled in the art may adopt polycarbonates of other different fluidities, molecular weights and chemical compositions according to actual needs to impart improvements in mechanical properties, aging resistance and processing properties to the product, without affecting the PTI performance, flame retardancy, HAI and HWI performance concerned by the present invention.
  • the flame retardant is a halogen-free flame retardant.
  • the halogen-free flame retardant is at least one of a phosphorus-based flame retardant, a sulfonate flame retardant, an organosilicon flame retardant, and an inorganic filler flame retardant.
  • the halogen-free flame retardant is a phosphorus-based flame retardant, and the phosphorus content of the phosphorus-based flame retardant is ⁇ 10 wt %.
  • the phosphorus-based flame retardant is at least one of DOPO (also known as DOP, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide), TPP (triphenyl phosphate), BDP (bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate)), RDP (resorcinol(diphenyl phosphate)), phosphazene, and phosphate.
  • DOPO also known as DOP, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide
  • TPP triphenyl phosphate
  • BDP bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate)
  • RDP resorcinol(diphenyl phosphate)
  • phosphazene phosphate
  • the anti-dripping agent is at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene and styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer.
  • those skilled in the art can appropriately introduce some components commonly introduced into polycarbonate products without affecting the performance of the product, such as antioxidants to improve the aging resistance of the product, lubricants to improve the processing performance of the product, reinforcing fillers to improve the rigidity of the product, and colorants to give the product various colors, etc.
  • antioxidants to improve the aging resistance of the product
  • lubricants to improve the processing performance of the product
  • reinforcing fillers to improve the rigidity of the product
  • colorants to give the product various colors, etc.
  • the organic epoxysiloxane is at least one of 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, (3-epoxypropoxypropyl)methyldiethoxysilane, and (3-epoxypropoxypropyl)triethoxysilane.
  • the organoepoxysiloxane is 3-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane.
  • organoepoxysiloxanes have different effects on the positional stability and uniform dispersion of titanate powders.
  • the overall performance of the product is better.
  • the mass ratio of the organoepoxysiloxane to the titanate powder is (1:99) to (5:95).
  • the mass ratio of the organoepoxysiloxane to the titanate powder is (1:99) to (3:97).
  • organoepoxysiloxane can effectively react with polycarbonate and is compatible with silicon copolymer polysiloxane. As the content of organoepoxysiloxane increases, its effect becomes stronger. In order to maintain a balance between the adhesion and uniformity of the modified titanate, the organoepoxysiloxane modified titanate powder with the above preferred ratio has the best effect.
  • the organoepoxysiloxane-modified titanate powder is obtained by mixing titanate powder with organoepoxysiloxane.
  • the particle size D50 of the organo-epoxysiloxane-modified titanate powder is within the range of one or any two of 50 nm, 100 nm, 150 nm, 200 nm, 250 nm, 300 nm, 350 nm, 400 nm, 450 nm, and 500 nm.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide use of the polycarbonate composition in preparing small thin-walled electrical devices.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the present invention provides a polycarbonate composition, which, by combining specific types of voltage stabilizers and compatibilizers, can achieve extremely excellent PTI performance (number of drops ⁇ 50 when tested at 300V) and flame retardant performance (V-0 level) while also having ideal HAI and HWI performance, making it very suitable for small thin-walled electrical devices.
  • the preparation method of the polycarbonate composition comprises the following steps:
  • All the components in the formula are mixed uniformly in a high-speed mixer, and then fed into a twin-screw extruder from a main feeding port for melt blending, extrusion and granulation to obtain the polycarbonate composition.
  • the polycarbonate 1 is a product of model 1300-03NP produced by LG Chem, with a melt flow rate of 3.5 g/10 min at 300° C. and a load of 1.2 kg, and a number average molecular weight of 30,000;
  • the polycarbonate 3 is a product of model 1300-22NP produced by LG Chem, with a melt flow rate of 23.2 g/10 min at 300° C. and a load of 1.2 kg, and a number average molecular weight of 22,000;
  • the flame retardant is a phosphate ester, a halogen-free phosphorus flame retardant with a phosphorus content of 9.1 wt%, and is produced by Daihachi, Japan, with a model number of PX200.
  • the anti-dripping agent is commercially available polytetrafluoroethylene
  • the voltage stabilizer 1 is a homemade organic epoxysiloxane-modified titanate powder, which is prepared by weighing cubic barium titanate (IV) purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, barium titanate powder with a particle size D50 of 100 nm and a purity of >99% after secondary screening, and organic epoxysiloxane 1, then evenly spraying the organic epoxysiloxane 1 on the surface of the barium titanate powder at a mass ratio of 2:98, and stirring at 25°C for 0.2h until uniform.
  • IV cubic barium titanate
  • the voltage stabilizer 2 differs from the voltage stabilizer 1 only in that the organo-epoxysiloxane 1 is replaced by the organo-epoxysiloxane 2;
  • the voltage stabilizer 3 differs from the voltage stabilizer 1 only in that the organo-epoxysiloxane 1 is replaced by the organo-epoxysiloxane 3;
  • the voltage stabilizer 4 differs from the voltage stabilizer 1 only in that the organoepoxysiloxane 1 is replaced by organosiloxane;
  • the voltage stabilizer 5 differs from the voltage stabilizer 1 only in that the mass ratio of the organoepoxysiloxane 1 to the barium titanate powder is 1:99;
  • the voltage stabilizer 6 differs from the voltage stabilizer 1 only in that the mass ratio of the organoepoxysiloxane 1 to the barium titanate powder is 3:97;
  • the voltage stabilizer 7 differs from the voltage stabilizer 1 only in that the mass ratio of the organoepoxysiloxane 1 to the barium titanate powder is 5:95;
  • the voltage stabilizer 8 differs from the voltage stabilizer 1 only in that the barium titanate powder is not modified by the introduction of the organo-epoxysiloxane, that is, the mass ratio of the organo-epoxysiloxane 1 to the barium titanate powder is 0:100;
  • the voltage stabilizer 9 differs from the voltage stabilizer 1 only in that the barium titanate powder is a powder of the same type produced by the same manufacturer and having a particle size D50 of 120 nm after secondary screening;
  • the voltage stabilizer 10 differs from the voltage stabilizer 1 only in that the barium titanate powder is a screened powder of the same type produced by the same manufacturer with a particle size D50 of 300 nm.
  • the voltage stabilizer 11 differs from the voltage stabilizer 1 only in that the barium titanate powder is a product of the same type produced by the same manufacturer and has a particle size D50 of 50 nm after secondary screening;
  • the voltage stabilizer 12 differs from the voltage stabilizer 1 only in that the barium titanate powder is the same type of product produced by the same manufacturer and has a particle size D50 of 450 nm after secondary screening;
  • the organoepoxysiloxane 2 is (3-glycidoxypropyl)methyldiethoxysilane, model KBE-402, produced by Shin-Etsu of Japan;
  • the silicon co-polycarbonate 4 is prepared by the same preparation method as the silicon co-polycarbonate 1, the only difference being the amount of polydimethylsiloxane monomer added.
  • the PDMS content of the silicon co-polycarbonate 4 is 12%.
  • HAI test The products of each embodiment and comparative example were injection molded into samples with a size of 50 mm * 50 mm * 3.2 mm, and then subjected to a 240 V / 32.5 A arc test according to the UL746A-2020 standard. The HAI level was then determined, and the levels were divided into 0 to 4 levels, where level 0: NA ⁇ 120; level 1: 60 ⁇ NA ⁇ 120; level 2: 30 ⁇ NA ⁇ 60; level 3: 15 ⁇ NA ⁇ 30; level 4: 0 ⁇ NA ⁇ 15;
  • polycarbonates of varying fluidity and molecular weight can be used as bases to prepare polycarbonate compositions that achieve the aforementioned technical effects, as long as they are formulated according to the present invention.
  • the performance of the products of Examples 1 and 6-8 indicates that the silicon copolymer polycarbonate used as a compatibilizer has a direct impact on product performance.
  • the flame retardant properties of the products also vary with the PDMS content of this component, with the overall performance of the products being even better when the PDMS content is within the range of 6-9%.
  • Example 1 shows that, in addition to the compatibilizer, the key component of the product of the present invention, the organo-epoxysiloxane-modified titanate powder, varies depending on the type of modified organo-epoxysiloxane, resulting in different group structures on the surface of the titanate powder, and thus varying the product performance.
  • the product achieves the best overall performance.
  • Example 1 shows that, when the organo-epoxysiloxane type is selected, the amount of organo-epoxysiloxane used will also lead to variations in the uniformity and dispersibility of the prepared modified titanate powder in the product. A content of 1-3 wt% can achieve the best HAI, HWI, and PTI performance, achieving the best overall performance.
  • the product of Comparative Example 1, which does not include modified titanate not only fails to meet the HAI and HWI test standards, but also fails to meet the PTI index.
  • the product in Comparative Example 3 incorporates a modified titanate, the corresponding compatibilizer is simply an ordinary polycarbonate of the same molecular weight.
  • the organosiloxane in the modified titanate in Comparative Example 4 does not contain epoxy groups, which prevents it from interacting well with the polycarbonate. Consequently, the modified titanate fails to adhere well to the matrix resin. Although the product meets the PTI standard, it fails the HAI and HWI tests.
  • the titanate in Comparative Example 5 remains unmodified. Although a compatibilizer is introduced, the titanate lacks reactive and actionable groups on its surface, leading to agglomeration and poor overall product performance.
  • Example 1 and Examples 18 to 20 and Comparative Example 2 it can be seen from Example 1 and Examples 18 to 20 and Comparative Example 2 that when the particle size of the modified titanate is appropriate, this component cannot be added in large quantities. Otherwise, as shown in Comparative Example 2, when it is added in excess, the forces between the inorganic phase and the organic phase are unbalanced, and the modified titanate agglomerates over a large area. Not only does the product fail to achieve the expected electrical insulation properties, but it also has a reverse weakening effect on the electrical insulation properties of the matrix polycarbonate, and its performance is even worse than that of the product in Comparative Example 1.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种聚碳酸酯组合物及其应用,属于高分子材料技术领域。该产品通过特定种类的电压稳定剂和相容剂相配合,产品可以在实现极优异的PTI性能(300V下测试时滴数≥50滴)以及阻燃性能(V-0级)的同时兼具理想的HAI和HWI性能,非常适用于小型薄壁化电气器件。

Description

一种聚碳酸酯组合物及其应用 技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料技术领域,具体涉及一种聚碳酸酯组合物及其应用。
背景技术
随着新能源领域的发展,小型薄壁化电气器件的研发逐渐成为业界趋势,这类器件的优势在于可以使得新能源器件逐渐小型化,然而现有的小型薄壁化电气器件由于塑料部件难以承担高压电网电压转化的绝缘任务,使得产品的泛用性有待提升。
现有技术中,一般采用PTI(耐电痕化指数)以及阻燃等级来评判电气器件用塑料的电绝缘性能和阻燃性能,然而当塑料应用在大电流用电领域时,由于电流强度高并且爬电距离短,一些PTI和阻燃性能测试合格的塑料产品在应用时失效率高,因此塑料产品应用前必须采用专门的HAI(高电流电弧引燃)和HWI(热丝引燃)进行评判,而研究者们发现,HAI性能和HWI性能,和常规的PTI及阻燃性能关联性较低,为了提升小型薄壁化电气器件的实用性,急需一种具有高HAI和HWI性能的塑料产品。
发明内容
基于现有技术存在的缺陷,本发明的目的在于提供了一种聚碳酸酯组合物,该组合物通过特定种类的电压稳定剂和相容剂相配合,可以在实现极优异的PTI性能(在300V下测试时滴数≥50滴)以及阻燃性能(V-0级)的同时,兼具理想的HAI和HWI性能,非常适用于小型薄壁化电气器件。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案为:
一种聚碳酸酯组合物,包括以下重量份的组分:
聚碳酸酯40~70份、相容剂20~30份、阻燃剂5~15份、电压稳定剂0.5~5份、以及抗滴落剂0.1~5份;
所述电压稳定剂为有机环氧硅氧烷改性钛酸盐粉末,粒径D50为50~500nm;
所述相容剂为硅共聚聚碳酸酯。
优选地,所述聚碳酸酯的重量份数为40份、45份、50份、55份、60份、65份、70份中的一者或任意两者的范围值;所述相容剂的重量份数为20份、22份、24份、25份、28份、30份中的一者或任意两者之间的范围的值;所述阻燃剂的重量份数为5份、10份、12份、15份中的一者或任意两者之间的范围的值;所述电压稳定剂的重量份数为0.5份、1份、1.5份、2份、2.5份、3份、3.5份、4份、4.5份、5份中的一者或任意两者之间的范围的值;所述抗滴落剂的重量份数为0.1份、0.2份、0.5份、0.6份、1份、2份、3份、4份、5份中的一者或任意两者之间的范围的值;
优选地,所述聚碳酸酯组合物,包括以下重量份的组分:
聚碳酸酯50~60份、相容剂20~30份、阻燃剂8~12份、电压稳定剂2~3份、以及抗滴落剂0.2~4份。
聚碳酸酯(PC)是比较常见的器件用塑料,但是很少用于小型薄壁化电气器件,主要原因便在于聚碳酸酯是成碳率高的化合物,虽然阻燃性能较好,但在外加电压后生成的碳结构会形成导电通路,造成产品的耐电痕化性能差,而通电后所带来的能量又可能会进一步造成材料燃烧。因此,现有的聚碳酸酯会引入电性能改善剂以及阻燃剂等助剂以保障产品的PTI性能和阻燃性能,但由于聚碳酸酯本身的松散分子结构并不利于这些有机小分子或无机物质的依附,导致产品一旦应用在大电流供电领域中时,这些助剂便会直接失效,一些PTI和阻燃测试合格的产品在进行HAI和HWI测试时结果并不理想。
基于这种技术困境,发明人在本发明技术方案中在聚碳酸酯组合物的基体树脂中引入特定小粒径的有机环氧硅氧烷处理的钛酸盐粉末作为电压稳定剂,这种物质可以有效在聚碳酸酯通电形成碳回路的过程中形成电路阻隔,同时也能有效作为无机阻燃协效剂协助阻燃剂共同发挥阻燃作用,使得产品具有较好的电绝缘性能和阻燃性能,但这种组分的引入还远远不能使得产品实现高HAI和HWI性能,皆因在大电流通电过程中,钛酸盐粉末必然要保持极高的分散性和位置稳定性才能维持正常的电绝缘作用和阻燃协效作用,否则如果钛酸盐发生团聚,不仅在局部形成催化效应,使得部分聚碳酸酯基体发生降解,同时还可能由于引入缺陷而引发电荷集中从而导致放大效应,因此,发明人先将钛酸盐粉末采用有机环氧硅氧烷进行改性引入Si-O基团和环氧基团,其中环氧基团和聚碳酸酯树脂反应使得钛酸盐粉末可以有效依附在基体树脂上,同时同步引入硅共聚聚碳酸酯作为相容剂,这种相容剂一方面由于Si-O基团可以有效相容改性的钛酸盐粉末,一方面又能与基体树脂直接相容,从而提升钛酸盐粉末的分散性,在相容剂的作用下,改性后的钛酸盐粉末可以有效帮助基体聚碳酸酯树脂实现良好的电绝缘性和阻燃性,在大电流下的HAI和HWI测试中取得优异结果。
不过,由于钛酸盐粉末和聚碳酸酯基体树脂依然是不同的两相,因此上述改进对于钛酸盐粉末的尺寸以及添加量有极高的要求,若尺寸太大或太小,又或者添加量过多,均会导致改性作用无法弥补两者的异相效应,产品不仅无法实现预期的优异的HAI性能和HWI性能,甚至可能会影响产品的常规PTI和阻燃性能。
更优选地,所述聚碳酸酯组合物中,聚碳酸酯的重量百分含量≥50wt%。
优选地,所述聚碳酸酯为双酚A型聚碳酸酯。
优选地,所述聚碳酸酯根据ISO1133-2012测得在300℃、1.2kg负荷下的熔体流动速率为3~26g/10min。
更优选地,所述聚碳酸酯根据ISO1133-2012测得在300℃、1.2kg负荷下的熔体流动速率为3~20g/10min。
优选地,所述聚碳酸酯的数均分子量为22000~30000。
优选地,所述聚碳酸酯的数均分子量为22000、24000、25000、28000、30000中的一者或任意两者之间的范围的值。
本发明所述聚碳酸酯的数均分子量可以采用凝胶渗透色谱法直接检测得到。
更优选地,所述聚碳酸酯的端羟基含量<100ppm,BPA(双酚A)含量<20ppm。
所述聚碳酸酯通过红外光谱法对端羟基和BPA进行定量分析确定其含量。
需要说明的是,本发明所述聚碳酸酯并不局限于上述种类,本领域技术人员根据实际需要,可以采用其他不同流动性和分子量以及化学成分的聚碳酸酯以赋予产品诸如力学性能、耐老化性能、加工性能上的改进,在不影响本发明所关注的PTI性能、阻燃性能、HAI和HWI性能的基础上均可实施。
优选地,所述阻燃剂为无卤阻燃剂。
更优选地,所述无卤阻燃剂为磷系阻燃剂、磺酸盐阻燃剂、有机硅阻燃剂、无机填料阻燃剂中的至少一种。
更优选地,所述无卤阻燃剂为磷系阻燃剂,所述磷系阻燃剂的磷含量≥10wt%。
更优选地,所述磷系阻燃剂为DOPO(又称DOP,9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物)、TPP(磷酸三苯酯)、BDP(双酚A双(二苯基磷酸酯))、RDP(间苯二酚(二苯基磷酸酯))、磷腈、磷酸酯中的至少一种。
优选地,所述抗滴落剂为聚四氟乙烯、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物中的至少一种。
更优选地,所述聚碳酸酯还包括以重量百分比计的以下组分中的至少一种:0.01~1份抗氧剂、0.01~1份润滑剂、0.01~1份增强填料、0.01~1份色料。
基于实际产品的需要,本领域技术人员可以在不影响产品性能的前提下适当引入一些聚碳酸酯产品中常见引入的一些组分,例如提升产品耐老化性能的抗氧剂,提升产品加工性能的润滑剂、提升产品刚性的增强填料以及赋予产品各种色系的色料等等。
优选地,所述有机环氧硅氧烷为2-(3,4环氧环己基)乙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷、(3-环氧丙氧基丙基)甲基二乙氧基硅烷、(3-环氧丙氧基丙基)三乙氧基硅烷中的至少一种。
更优选地,所述有机环氧硅氧烷为3-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷。
有机环氧硅氧烷的使用种类不同,其对于钛酸盐粉末的位置稳定性和均匀分散性的作用效果也有一定差异,当选择上述优选种类时,产品的综合性能更优。
优选地,所述有机环氧硅氧烷改性钛酸盐粉末中,有机环氧硅氧烷和钛酸盐粉末的质量之比为(1:99)~(5:95)。
更优选地,所述有机环氧硅氧烷改性钛酸盐粉末中,有机环氧硅氧烷和钛酸盐粉末的质量之比为(1:99)~(3:97)。
如上文所述,有机环氧硅氧烷可以有效与聚碳酸酯反应,并与硅共聚聚硅氧烷相容,随着有机环氧硅氧烷的含量越多,其作用效果越强,为了保持改性钛酸盐依附性和均匀性的均衡,以上述优选配比的有机环氧硅氧烷改性钛酸盐粉末的效果最佳。
更优选地,所述有机环氧硅氧烷改性钛酸盐粉末是将钛酸盐粉末与有机环氧硅氧烷混合得到。
更优选地,所述有机环氧硅氧烷改性钛酸盐粉末的制备方法为:将有机环氧硅氧烷在20~30℃下均匀喷洒在钛酸盐粉末表面并混合0.1~0.3h至均匀,即得所述有机环氧硅氧烷改性钛酸盐粉末。
需要说明的是,本发明所述有机环氧硅氧烷改性钛酸盐粉末可以是自制产品,本领域技术人员也可以根据实际需求购买具有类似技术效果的市售产品。
优选地,所述有机环氧硅氧烷改性钛酸盐粉末的粒径D50为50nm、100nm、150nm、200nm、250nm、300nm、350nm、400nm、450nm、500nm中的一者或任意两者的范围值。
更优选地,所述有机环氧硅氧烷改性钛酸盐粉末的粒径D50为100~300nm。
更优选地,所述钛酸盐为钛酸钡,所述钛酸钡为立方相。
有机环氧硅氧烷改性钛酸盐粉末的粒径D50在所述范围内时,产品的综合性能最佳。
优选地,所述有机环氧硅氧烷改性钛酸盐粉末的粒径D50的测试方法为:将产品置于马弗炉中煅烧,所得灰分全为无机填料,随后采用GB/T 19077.1《粒度分析激光衍射法》方法测试得到。具体测试时,将去除有机物后的无机填料加入2%的六偏磷酸钠溶液中配制固液比为1g/100mL的混合液,随后在室温下以400W频率超声处理80s,待分散完成后进行检测。
优选地,所述硅共聚聚碳酸酯为聚二甲基硅氧烷共聚聚碳酸酯。
优选地,所述聚二甲基硅氧烷共聚聚碳酸酯中的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)含量为3~12%。
更优选地,所述聚二甲基硅氧烷共聚聚碳酸酯中的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)含量为6~12%。
更优选地,所述聚二甲基硅氧烷共聚聚碳酸酯中的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)含量为6~9%。
在所述PDMS含量下,该相容剂的相容作用效果最佳,产品可以实现最佳的大电流测试使用性能。
优选地,所述聚二甲基硅氧烷共聚聚碳酸酯中的聚二甲基硅氧烷可以采用红外光谱法直接检测得到。
优选地,所述硅共聚聚碳酸酯的重均分子量为15000~25000。
更优选地,所述硅共聚聚碳酸酯参考CN1751096A采用PC/PDMS-2的制备方法进行制备。具体地,所述硅共聚聚碳酸酯的制备方法如下:
通过在搅拌反应器中混合二氯甲烷、去离子水、聚碳酸酯树脂和甲基三丁基氯化铵,随后向所得混合物中加入光气,连续加入氢氧化钠水溶液将混合物pH保持在6~7;
将配比量的聚二甲基硅氧烷溶解在二氯甲烷后加入混合物中,提升pH至10.5~11.5并混合反应8~12min,所得反应物中加入聚碳酸酯树脂、二氯甲烷和去离子水并继续反应直至去除残余氯甲酸酯;
将对枯基酚(PCP)和三乙胺加入混合物中进行光气化反应,待反应完成后,离心,纯化,即得所述硅共聚聚碳酸酯。
本领域技术人员也可以采用CN1751096A中其他产品的制备方法,或者其他现有公知的方法制备所述硅共聚聚碳酸酯产品,只要所述产品中PDMS含量符合本发明所述产品的限定均可。
本发明的另一目的在于提供所述聚碳酸酯组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将各组分混合均匀后,在双螺杆挤出机中熔融挤出造粒,即得所述聚碳酸酯组合物。
本发明所述聚碳酸酯组合物的制备方法操作步骤简单,可实现工业化规模生产。
优选地,所述双螺杆挤出机的温度区间设置为:220~280℃,螺杆转速为200~600r/min,螺杆长径比为48:1。
本发明的再一目的在于提供所述聚碳酸酯组合物在制备小型薄壁化电气器件中的应用。
本发明所述聚碳酸酯组合物具有优异的电绝缘性能(优异的PTI)和阻燃性能,可实现PTI测试中在300V下测试时滴数≥50滴,厚度为1.5mm的本发明的聚碳酸酯组合物样条的阻燃等级达到V-0级,同时在1.5mm厚度下的HAI和HWI等级可达到最高0级,综合性能优异,非常适用于制造一些需要接触到大电流供电转换领域的小型薄壁化电气器件的塑料部件(例如薄膜包套、元件绝缘壳等)。
本发明的有益效果在于,本发明提供了一种聚碳酸酯组合物,该组合物通过特定种类的电压稳定剂和相容剂相配合,可以在实现极优异的PTI性能(在300V下测试时滴数≥50滴)以及阻燃性能(V-0级)的同时,兼具理想的HAI和HWI性能,非常适用于小型薄壁化电气器件。
具体实施方式
为了更好地说明本发明的目的、技术方案和优点,下面将结合具体实施例及对比例对本发明作进一步说明,其目的在于详细地理解本发明的内容,而不是对本发明的限制。本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明的保护范围。本发明实施所涉及的实验试剂及仪器,除非特别说明,均为常用的普通试剂及仪器。
实施例1~20
本发明所述一种聚碳酸酯组合物及其应用的一种实施例,所述聚碳酸酯组合物的组成成分如表1所示。
所述聚碳酸酯组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将配方中全部组分经过高混机混合均一后,从主喂料口送入双螺杆挤出机中进行熔融共混挤出并造粒,即得所述聚碳酸酯组合物。
所述组分在熔融共混挤出时,所述双螺杆挤出机的温区设置为一区200~220℃、二区210~230℃,三区215~235℃,四区215~235℃,五区215~235℃,六区220~245℃,七区220~245℃,八区220~245℃,九区220~240℃,十区220~240℃,十一区210~230,十二区200~220℃,螺杆转速为400rpm,螺杆长径比为48:1。
对比例1~9
各对比例与实施例的差别仅在于组分种类及配比不同,如表2所示。
各实施例及对比例所述组分中,
所述聚碳酸酯1为LG化学生产的型号为1300-03NP的产品,在300℃,1.2kg负荷下的熔体流动速率为3.5g/10min,数均分子量为30000;
所述聚碳酸酯2为LG化学生产的型号为1300-10NP的产品,在300℃,1.2kg负荷下的熔体流动速率为11.5g/10min,数均分子量为26500;
所述聚碳酸酯3为LG化学生产的型号为1300-22NP的产品,在300℃,1.2kg负荷下的熔体流动速率为23.2g/10min,数均分子量为22000;
所述阻燃剂为磷酸酯,是无卤磷系阻燃剂,磷含量为9.1wt%,日本大八生产的型号为PX200的产品;
所述抗滴落剂为市售聚四氟乙烯;
所述电压稳定剂1为自制的有机环氧硅氧烷改性钛酸盐粉末,制备方法为:称量购自Sigma-Aldrich的立方相的钛酸钡(IV)、经二次筛选后粒径D50=100nm、纯度>99%的钛酸钡粉末和有机环氧硅氧烷1,随后将有机环氧硅氧烷1按照有机环氧硅氧烷1与钛酸钡粉末的质量比2:98均匀喷洒在钛酸钡粉末表面并在25℃下搅拌0.2h至均匀得到;
所述电压稳定剂2与所述电压稳定剂1的差别仅在于,所述有机环氧硅氧烷1替换为有机环氧硅氧烷2;
所述电压稳定剂3与所述电压稳定剂1的差别仅在于,所述有机环氧硅氧烷1替换为有机环氧硅氧烷3;
所述电压稳定剂4与所述电压稳定剂1的差别仅在于,所述有机环氧硅氧烷1替换为有机硅氧烷;
所述电压稳定剂5与所述电压稳定剂1的差别仅在于,所述有机环氧硅氧烷1与钛酸钡粉末的质量比为1:99;
所述电压稳定剂6与所述电压稳定剂1的差别仅在于,所述有机环氧硅氧烷1与钛酸钡粉末的质量比为3:97;
所述电压稳定剂7与所述电压稳定剂1的差别仅在于,所述有机环氧硅氧烷1与钛酸钡粉末的质量比为5:95;
所述电压稳定剂8与所述电压稳定剂1的差别仅在于,钛酸钡粉末不引入有机环氧硅氧烷改性,即有机环氧硅氧烷1与钛酸钡粉末的质量比为0:100;
所述电压稳定剂9与所述电压稳定剂1的差别仅在于,所述钛酸钡粉末为同一厂家生产同类型产品经过二次筛选后的粒径D50=120nm的粉末;
所述电压稳定剂10与所述电压稳定剂1的差别仅在于,所述钛酸钡粉末为同一厂家生产同类型产品经过筛选后的粒径D50=300nm的粉末;
所述电压稳定剂11与所述电压稳定剂1的差别仅在于,所述钛酸钡粉末为同一厂家生产同类型产品经过二次筛选后粒径D50=50nm粉末;
所述电压稳定剂12与所述电压稳定剂1的差别仅在于,所述钛酸钡粉末为同一厂家生产同类型产品经过二次筛选后粒径D50=450nm粉末;
所述电压稳定剂13与所述电压稳定剂1的差别仅在于,所述钛酸钡粉末为同一厂家生产同类型产品经过二次筛选后的粒径D50=25nm粉末;
所述电压稳定剂14与所述电压稳定剂1的差别仅在于,所述钛酸钡粉末为同一厂家生产同类型产品经过二次筛选后的粒径D50=850nm粉末;
所述电压稳定剂15为广东辰东新材料有限公司生产的型号为PK5001的改性复合磷酸盐;
所述有机环氧硅氧烷1为日本信越生产的型号为KBM-403的3-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷;
所述有机环氧硅氧烷2为日本信越生产的型号为KBE-402的(3-环氧丙氧基丙基)甲基二乙氧基硅烷;
所述有机环氧硅氧烷3为日本信越生产的型号为KBE-403的(3-环氧丙氧基丙基)三乙氧基硅烷;
所述有机硅氧烷为道康宁生产的型号为MB50-002的硅酮;
所述硅共聚聚碳酸酯1为自制,参考CN1751096A采用PC/PDMS-2的制备方法进行制备,通过控制聚二甲基硅氧烷单体的添加量最终调控PDMS的含量,制备方法如下:
通过在搅拌反应器中混合15L二氯甲烷、15L去离子水、6.94mol双酚A聚碳酸酯树脂和100mL甲基三丁基氯化铵作为混合物。以100g/min的速率向混合物中加入光气,直至通过与质量流量计相连的累加器测得有1050g光气被输送。通过连续加入50wt%的氢氧化钠水溶液将pH保持在6~7。当光气加入完毕时,使用氮气冲洗反应器以除去多余的光气。然后使用光气纸测定样品中的光气,并测定氯甲酸酯。测得氯甲酸酯的浓度为0.24mol/L,加入二甲基硅氧烷溶解在1L二氯甲烷中并加入反应器中。将pH升至10.5~11.5,使二甲基硅氧烷与二氯甲酸酯低聚物反应完全,然后向反应器中加入27mol双酚A聚碳酸酯树脂、20L二氯甲烷和20L去离子水,搅拌反应混合物,直至所有残余氯甲酸酯消失。将1.33mol对枯基酚和75mL三乙胺加入反应器中,在反应混合物中加入3225g光气在pH=10.5~11.5下进行光气化反应,最后将反应混合物转移到离心进料槽中,并经7次离心纯化,经两次盐酸洗涤和四次去离子水洗涤后蒸汽沉降干燥,即得所述硅共聚聚碳酸酯1,PDMS含量为6%;
所述聚二甲基硅氧烷参考CN1751096A采用PC/PDMS-1的制备中丁香酚封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷的制备方法进行制备。
所述硅共聚聚碳酸酯2采用与硅共聚聚碳酸酯1相同的制备方法制备,差别仅在于聚二甲基硅氧烷单体的添加量不同,硅共聚聚碳酸酯2的PDMS含量为9%;
所述硅共聚聚碳酸酯3为采用与硅共聚聚碳酸酯1相同的制备方法制备,差别仅在于聚二甲基硅氧烷单体的添加量不同,硅共聚聚碳酸酯3的PDMS含量为3%;
所述硅共聚聚碳酸酯4为采用与硅共聚聚碳酸酯1相同的制备方法制备,差别仅在于聚二甲基硅氧烷单体的添加量不同,硅共聚聚碳酸酯4的PDMS含量为12%;
所述聚碳酸酯4为LG生产的型号为1300-10NP的产品。
本发明各实施例及对比例所用组分原料除非特别说明,否则均为市售原料,且各平行实验中所使用的组分原料均为同种。
表1

表2
为了验证本发明所述聚碳酸酯组合物的性能,将各实施例和对比例所制备得到的产品进行下述性能测试,具体步骤如下:
(1)HAI测试:将各实施例和对比例产品注塑成50mm*50mm*3.2mm尺寸的样品,随后参照UL746A-2020标准施加240V/32.5A电弧测试,随后判断HAI等级,等级分为0~4级,其中0级:NA≥120;1级:60≤NA<120;2级:30≤NA<60;3级:15≤NA<30;4级:0≤NA<15;
(2)HWI测试:将各实施例和对比例产品注塑成127mm*13mm*6.35mm尺寸的样品,随后参照ASTM D3874-2020标准使用60A/1.5V电流,产生0.25W/mm线性功率密度的电热丝进行测试,随后判断HWI等级,等级分为0~5级,其中0级:IT≥120;1级:60≤IT<120;2级:30≤IT<60;3级:15≤IT<30;4级:7≤IT<15;5级:0≤IT<7;
(3)厚度为1.5mm的本发明聚碳酸酯组合物样条的阻燃等级测试:根据UL94-2023标准进行测试以及判定;
(4)PTI 300V测试:根据ASTM D3638标准进行测试以及判定。
测试结果如表3和4所示。
表3
表4
从表3和表4可知,本发明所述产品聚碳酸酯组合物具有非常理想的电绝缘性能和阻燃性能,不仅在常规的PTI测试中300V下测试时滴数达到50滴以上,1.5mm下的阻燃等级达到V-0级,同时HAI等级可最高达到0级(0~1级),HWI等级可最高到0级(0~1级),该性能远远优于使用现有电性能改性剂制备的对比例8的产品。同时,所述聚碳酸酯组合物并不局限于一种基体聚碳酸酯,根据实施例1以及实施例4~5的产品可看出,不同流动性和分子量的聚碳酸酯作为基体只要按照本发明配方配制,制备的聚碳酸酯组合物均可以达到实现上述技术效果的指标。根据实施例1和实施例6~8的产品性能可以看出,作为相容剂的硅共聚聚碳酸酯对于产品性能有直接影响,而随着该组分的PDMS含量变化,产品的阻燃性能也存在一定的变化,当含量为6~9%范围内时,产品的综合性能更优。另一方面,根据实施例1和实施例9~10对比可看出,除相容剂外,本发明产品中的关键组分有机环氧硅氧烷改性钛酸盐粉末中,改性的有机环氧硅氧烷的种类不同,其赋予钛酸盐粉末表面的基团结构也有所不同,产品的性能也存在一定差异,当有机环氧硅氧烷选择3-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷时,产品的综合性能最佳,类似地,根据实施例1和实施例11~13对比可以看出,当有机环氧硅氧烷选择种类一定时,其用量的多少也会导致制备的改性钛酸盐粉末在产品中的均匀性和分散性存在一定变化,以含量的1~3wt%时产品可以兼顾最佳的HAI和HWI性能以及PTI性能,综合效果最佳。相比之下,对比例1产品中没有引入改性钛酸盐,产品不仅在HAI和HWI测试中不达标,甚至连PTI指标也无法达到。对比例3产品虽然引入了改性钛酸盐,但对应的相容剂只是相同分子量下的普通聚碳酸酯,其无法很好地实现基体树脂和改性钛酸盐的相互作用,产品性能不佳。对比例4产品中改性钛酸盐的有机硅氧烷并不含有环氧基,其无法很好地与聚碳酸酯作用,导致改性钛酸盐无法很好地依附在基体树脂上,产品虽然在PTI测试时达标,但在进行HAI和HWI测试时不达标。对比例5产品中钛酸盐没有经过任何改性,虽然引入了相容剂,但钛酸盐表面没有可以反应和作用的基团,导致其发生了团聚现象,产品的综合性能差。根据对比例6、实施例16、实施例14、实施例1、实施例15、实施例17和对比例7的产品性能变化规律可以看出,当产品中电压稳定剂粒径过小时,改性钛酸盐颗粒之间的相互作用力过大,颗粒间容易出现团聚现象,因此无法很好地发挥电绝缘作用和协效阻燃作用,随着颗粒尺寸逐渐变大,产品的性能得到显著提升,尤其是当粒径D50达到100~300nm范围内时,产品可以实现最佳的综合性能,不过当改性钛酸盐的颗粒粒径进一步增大,基体树脂对于颗粒的作用力变小,并且颗粒间的致密度变低,产品的性能开始下降,尤其是粒径D50大于500nm后,产品的性能差,无法达到使用标准。另一方面,根据实施例1和实施例18~20以及对比例2可以看出,当改性钛酸盐的颗粒尺寸合适时,该组分也不能大量添加,否则如对比例2所示,当添加过量时,无机相和有机相的作用力已经失衡,改性钛酸盐发生大面积团聚,产品不仅没有起到预期的电绝缘性,反而对基体聚碳酸酯的电绝缘性起到反向削弱作用,其性能甚至比对比例1产品更差。
最后所应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种聚碳酸酯组合物,其特征在于,包括以下重量份的组分:
    聚碳酸酯40~70份、相容剂20~30份、阻燃剂5~15份、电压稳定剂0.5~5份、以及抗滴落剂0.1~5份;
    所述电压稳定剂为有机环氧硅氧烷改性钛酸盐粉末,粒径D50为50~500nm;
    所述相容剂为硅共聚聚碳酸酯。
  2. 如权利要求1所述聚碳酸酯组合物,其特征在于,所述聚碳酸酯根据ISO1133-2012测得在300℃、1.2kg负荷下的熔体流动速率为3~26g/10min;数均分子量为22000~30000。
  3. 如权利要求1所述聚碳酸酯组合物,其特征在于,所述阻燃剂为无卤阻燃剂;所述抗滴落剂为聚四氟乙烯、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物中的至少一种;优选地,所述无卤阻燃剂为磷系阻燃剂、磺酸盐阻燃剂、有机硅阻燃剂、无机填料阻燃剂中的至少一种。
  4. 如权利要求1所述聚碳酸酯组合物,其特征在于,所述有机环氧硅氧烷为2-(3,4环氧环己基)乙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷、(3-环氧丙氧基丙基)甲基二乙氧基硅烷、(3-环氧丙氧基丙基)三乙氧基硅烷中的至少一种。
  5. 如权利要求1所述聚碳酸酯组合物,其特征在于,所述有机环氧硅氧烷改性钛酸盐粉末中,有机环氧硅氧烷和钛酸盐粉末的质量之比为(1:99)~(5:95)。
  6. 如权利要求1所述聚碳酸酯组合物,其特征在于,所述硅共聚聚碳酸酯为二甲基硅氧烷共聚聚碳酸酯;优选地,所述二甲基硅氧烷共聚聚碳酸酯中的二甲基硅氧烷含量为3~12%。
  7. 如权利要求1~6任一项所述聚碳酸酯组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    将各组分混合均匀后,在双螺杆挤出机中熔融并挤出造粒,即得所述聚碳酸酯组合物。
  8. 如权利要求1~6任一项所述聚碳酸酯组合物在制备小型薄壁化电气器件中的应用。
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