WO2025200215A1 - 二次电池及用电装置 - Google Patents
二次电池及用电装置Info
- Publication number
- WO2025200215A1 WO2025200215A1 PCT/CN2024/109505 CN2024109505W WO2025200215A1 WO 2025200215 A1 WO2025200215 A1 WO 2025200215A1 CN 2024109505 W CN2024109505 W CN 2024109505W WO 2025200215 A1 WO2025200215 A1 WO 2025200215A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- secondary battery
- negative electrode
- battery
- coating
- electrolyte
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/417—Polyolefins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/423—Polyamide resins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/497—Ionic conductivity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- Ester polymers, polysiloxane polymers and amides with cyclic structures The compound has excellent ion conductivity. Coating it on the surface of the base film to form a coating is beneficial to improving the ionic conductivity of the separator and the migration number of active ions (such as lithium ions or sodium ions), reducing the precipitation of active ions on the surface of the negative electrode active material, and inhibiting the formation of dendrites such as lithium dendrites or sodium dendrites.
- active ions such as lithium ions or sodium ions
- ester polymers, polysiloxane polymers, and amide compounds with a cyclic structure have good affinity and liquid absorption and retention capabilities for the electrolyte, so that the separator has excellent wettability to the electrolyte, which is beneficial to the uniform transmission of active ions and further improves the migration number of active ions, inhibits the formation of dendrites, and improves the cycle stability of the battery.
- ester polymers and polysiloxane polymers have excellent resistance to reduction by metallic lithium or metallic sodium.
- the amide compound having a cyclic structure includes one or more of cyclopropylcarboxamide and N-cyclopropyl-N-(phenylmethyl)-carboxamide.
- the coating is provided on both sides of the base film.
- the coating has a thickness of 1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
- the separator When the thickness of the coating is within the above range, the separator has excellent ionic conductivity and electrolyte wettability, which improves the cycle stability of the secondary battery while the secondary battery has excellent energy density.
- the coating is a non-porous coating.
- the present application provides a dense, non-porous coating composed of a blend of one or more of an ester polymer, a polysiloxane polymer, and an amide compound with a cyclic structure on the base membrane.
- the separator has excellent electrolyte wettability and ionic conductivity.
- the base film includes one or more of a polyethylene film, a polypropylene film, and a polyimide film.
- the base film has a thickness of 3 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the secondary battery comprises a negative electrode-less battery.
- a second aspect of the present application further provides an electrical device comprising the secondary battery of the first aspect.
- FIG1 is a scanning electron microscope schematic diagram of a separator of a secondary battery according to Example 1 of the present application.
- FIG2 is a scanning electron microscope diagram of the separator of the secondary battery of Comparative Example 3 of the present application.
- Example 3 is a scanning electron microscope diagram of a cross section of a negative electrode sheet of a secondary battery in a fully charged state according to Example 1 of the present application;
- FIG4 is a scanning electron microscope diagram of a cross section of a negative electrode sheet of a secondary battery in a fully charged state according to Comparative Example 3 of the present application;
- FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG6 is an exploded view of the secondary battery according to one embodiment of the present application shown in FIG5 ;
- FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG9 is an exploded view of the battery pack according to one embodiment of the present application shown in FIG8 ;
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an electric device using a secondary battery as a power source according to an embodiment of the present application.
- ranges are defined in the form of lower limits and upper limits, and a given range is defined by selecting a lower limit and an upper limit, and the selected lower limit and upper limit define the boundaries of the particular range.
- the ranges defined in this way can be inclusive or exclusive of the end values, and can be arbitrarily combined, that is, any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to form a range. For example, if a range of 60-120 and 80-110 is listed for a particular parameter, it is understood that a range of 60-110 and 80-120 is also expected.
- the numerical range "ab” represents an abbreviation for any real number combination between a and b, where a and b are both real numbers.
- the numerical range "0-5" means that all real numbers between "0-5" have been listed in this article, and "0-5" is just these numerical combinations.
- a parameter is expressed as an integer ⁇ 2, it is equivalent to disclosing that the parameter is, for example, an integer of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc.
- the method includes steps (a) and (b), indicating that the method may include steps (a) and (b) performed sequentially, or may include steps (b) and (a) performed sequentially.
- the method may further include step (c), indicating that step (c) may be added to the method in any order, for example, the method may include steps (a), (b) and (c), or may include steps (a), (c) and (b), or may include steps (c), (a) and (b), etc.
- the term "or” is used in this application to be inclusive.
- the phrase “A or B” means “A, B, or both A and B.” More specifically, the condition “A or B” is satisfied if any of the following conditions are met: A is true (or exists) and B is false (or does not exist); A is false (or does not exist) and B is true (or exists); or both A and B are true (or exist).
- the separator is a material located between the positive and negative electrodes of a battery. It is used to prevent internal short circuits caused by contact between the positive and negative electrodes. It also provides a channel for the transmission of active ions (such as lithium ions or sodium ions) between the positive and negative electrodes. Therefore, the separator has a very important impact on the cycle performance of the battery.
- Existing separators such as polyethylene separators, polypropylene separators, etc.
- the present application proposes a secondary battery, which includes an isolation membrane and a negative electrode current collector, the isolation membrane includes a base membrane and a coating arranged on at least one side of the base membrane close to the negative electrode current collector, and the coating includes a blend of one or more ester polymers, polysiloxane polymers, and amide compounds with a cyclic structure.
- polymer includes, on the one hand, a collection of chemically uniform macromolecules prepared by polymerization reactions, but differing in degree of polymerization, molar mass and chain length; on the other hand, it also includes derivatives of such a collection of macromolecules formed by polymerization reactions, i.e. polymers that can be obtained by reactions of functional groups in the above-mentioned macromolecules, such as addition or substitution, and which can be chemically uniform or chemically heterogeneous.
- the polysiloxane polymer includes one or more of polymethylsiloxane, polyvinylsiloxane, and dimethylpolysiloxane.
- the secondary battery comprises a negative electrode-free battery.
- the weight average molecular weight of the ester polymer is 100,000 to 400,000.
- Sample testing a. Standard sample and test sample preparation: Weigh 0.002g to 0.004g of standard sample/test sample respectively and add 2mL of mobile phase liquid to prepare a 0.1% to 0.5% mixed standard, and store in the refrigerator for >8h; b. Standard solution/sample testing: Edit the sample group to be tested, select the established sample group method, and after the baseline is stable, click the run queue to start testing the sample; (4) Data processing: Based on the relationship between retention time and molecular weight, use the chemical workstation to establish a calibration curve, integrate and quantify the sample spectrum, and the chemical workstation automatically generates the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution results.
- the weight average molecular weight of the ester polymer is 100,000, 130,000, 160,000, 190,000, 220,000, 250,000, 280,000, 310,000, 340,000, 370,000, 400,000 or any value in between.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polysiloxane polymer is 10,000 to 100,000.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polysiloxane polymer is 10,000, 20,000, 30,000, 40,000, 50,000, 60,000, 70,000, 80,000, 90,000, 100,000, or any value therebetween.
- ester polymers and polysiloxane polymers with molecular weights within the above range have excellent ion conductivity and electrolyte affinity, and at the same time have excellent resistance to reduction by metallic lithium or metallic sodium, so that the coating comprising the above materials is not easy to react with metallic lithium or metallic sodium, which is beneficial to improving the cycle stability of the battery.
- the coating includes an amide compound having a cyclic structure.
- the ionic conductivity of the separator is 1.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 mS/cm to 2.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 mS/cm.
- the ionic conductivity of the isolation membrane can be tested using methods known in the art.
- the isolation membrane is cut into a disc of a certain area, dried, and placed between two stainless steel electrodes.
- the model of the stainless steel electrode is DDG-01.
- the distance between the stainless steel electrodes is 3mm to 5mm, and an electrolyte is provided between the electrodes.
- the electrolyte is a mixture of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran in a mass ratio of 1:3.
- Sodium hexafluorophosphate ( NaPF6 ) is added and stirred to obtain an electrolyte with a NaPF6 concentration of 1.0 mol/L.
- the button cell After absorbing a sufficient amount of electrolyte, the button cell is sealed to form a button cell.
- the button cell is subjected to an AC impedance spectroscopy experiment using an electrochemical workstation to obtain the ionic conductivity of the isolation membrane.
- the electrochemical workstation can be a Shanghai Chenhua CHI 660C electrochemical workstation.
- the AC signal frequency range is 0.01Hz to 1MHz, and the sine wave potential amplitude is 5mV. For accuracy, the average value of 5 parallel samples is taken as the test result.
- the ionic conductivity of the separator is 1.5 ⁇ 10-1 mS/cm, 1.6 ⁇ 10-1 mS/cm, 1.7 ⁇ 10-1 mS/cm, 1.8 ⁇ 10-1 mS/cm, 1.9 ⁇ 10-1 mS/cm, 2.0 ⁇ 10-1 mS/cm, 2.2 ⁇ 10-1 mS/cm, 2.3 ⁇ 10-1 mS/cm, 2.4 ⁇ 10-1 mS/ cm , 2.5 ⁇ 10 -1 mS/cm or any value therebetween.
- the ionic conductivity of the isolation membrane is within the above range, which is beneficial to increasing the migration number of active ions, inhibiting the formation of dendrites, and improving the cycle stability of the battery.
- the contact angle between the side of the separator coated with the coating and the electrolyte is less than or equal to 30°.
- the contact angle between the coated side of the isolation membrane and the electrolyte can be tested using methods known in the art.
- the electrolyte is dripped onto the surface of the isolation membrane, and the contact angle is measured using a contact angle meter according to the GB/T 14210 method.
- the wettability of the electrolyte is determined based on the contact angle between the electrolyte and the isolation membrane.
- the electrolyte is a mixture of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran in a mass ratio of 1:3, and sodium hexafluorophosphate ( NaPF6 ) is added and stirred to obtain an electrolyte with a NaPF6 concentration of 1.0 mol/L.
- a contact angle close to 0 degrees indicates that the electrolyte is well wetted on the isolation membrane surface, while a contact angle close to 90 degrees indicates that the electrolyte has poor wettability on the isolation membrane surface.
- the contact angle of the coated side of the separator with the electrolyte is 10°, 11°, 12°, 13°, 14°, 15°, 16°, 17°, 18°, 19°, 20°, 21°, 22°, 23°, 24°, 25°, 26°, 27°, 28°, 29°, 30°, or any value therebetween.
- the contact angle between the coated side of the isolation membrane and the electrolyte is within the above range.
- the isolation membrane has excellent wettability to the electrolyte, which is beneficial to improving the migration number and transmission uniformity of active ions, inhibiting the formation of dendrites, and improving the cycle stability of the battery.
- the coating has a thickness of 1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
- coating thickness can be measured using methods known in the art. For example, prepare a battery separator sample to be tested and ensure it is in a safe condition. Place the probe of a thickness gauge on the surface of the battery separator and record the measurement results. Repeat these steps to measure the separator thickness at multiple locations to obtain more accurate data. Analyze the measurement results of the uncoated and coated separators to calculate the average coating thickness.
- the coating has a thickness of 1 ⁇ m, 2 ⁇ m, 3 ⁇ m, 4 ⁇ m, 5 ⁇ m, or any value therebetween.
- the separator When the thickness of the coating is within the above range, the separator has excellent ionic conductivity and electrolyte wettability, which improves the cycle stability of the secondary battery and also provides the secondary battery with excellent Different energy density.
- the coating is a non-porous coating.
- non-porous coating refers to a coating having no pores or almost no pores, with a porosity of zero.
- the porosity of the coating can be tested by methods known in the art, for example, referring to GB/T21650.2-2008, the porosity of the coating can be measured by nitrogen adsorption method.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic SEM image of an isolation membrane according to one embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 1, the surface of the isolation membrane is dense and non-porous.
- the present application provides a dense, non-porous coating composed of a blend of one or more of an ester polymer, a polysiloxane polymer, and an amide compound with a cyclic structure on the base membrane.
- the separator has excellent electrolyte wettability and ionic conductivity.
- the base film includes one or more of a polyethylene film, a polypropylene film, and a polyimide film.
- the base film has a thickness of 3 ⁇ m, 6 ⁇ m, 9 ⁇ m, 12 ⁇ m, 15 ⁇ m, 18 ⁇ m, 21 ⁇ m, 24 ⁇ m, 27 ⁇ m, 30 ⁇ m, or any value therebetween.
- the base membrane has a pore size of 5 nm to 80 nm.
- the pore size of the basement membrane is 5 nm, 10 nm, 15 nm, 20 nm, 25 nm, 30 nm, 35 nm, 40 nm, 45 nm, 50 nm, 55 nm, 60 nm, 65 nm, 70 nm, 75 nm, 80 nm, or any value therebetween.
- the negative electrode film layer may optionally include other additives, such as a thickener (eg, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na)).
- a thickener eg, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na)
- the positive electrode film layer may further optionally include a binder.
- the binder may include at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-propylene terpolymer, a vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene terpolymer, a tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, and a fluorine-containing acrylate resin.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- the positive electrode film layer may further include a conductive agent.
- the conductive agent may include at least one of superconducting carbon, acetylene black, carbon black, Ketjen black, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon nanofibers.
- the positive electrode sheet can be prepared by the following method: the components for preparing the positive electrode sheet, such as the positive electrode active material, the conductive agent, the binder and any other components, are dispersed in a solvent (such as N-methylpyrrolidone) to form a positive electrode slurry; the positive electrode slurry is coated on the positive electrode current collector, and after drying, cold pressing and other processes, the positive electrode sheet can be obtained.
- a solvent such as N-methylpyrrolidone
- the electrolyte conducts ions between the positive and negative electrodes.
- This application does not specify the type of electrolyte, and the electrolyte can be selected based on the needs.
- the electrolyte can be liquid, gel, or solid.
- the electrolyte is an electrolyte solution.
- the electrolyte solution includes Electrolyte salt and solvent.
- the electrolyte includes a solvent
- the solvent includes at least one of a chain carbonate, a chain carboxylate, a cyclic carbonic acid, an ether solvent, a sulfone solvent, and a nitrile solvent.
- the chain carbonate includes at least one of dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), methyl propyl carbonate (MPC), methyl isopropyl carbonate (MIPC), methyl butyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, and dibutyl carbonate.
- the chain carbonate includes at least one of dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), and methyl propyl carbonate (MPC).
- the chain carboxylate includes at least one of methyl formate (MF), ethyl formate (EF), methyl propionate (MP), ethyl propionate (EP), propyl propionate (PP), ethyl butyrate (EB), methyl acetate (MA), ethyl acetate (EA), and propyl acetate (PA).
- the linear carboxylic acid ester includes at least one of methyl propionate (MP), ethyl propionate (EP), propyl propionate (PP), methyl acetate (MA), ethyl acetate (EA), and propyl acetate (PA).
- the ether solvent includes at least one of dioxolane (DOL), tetrahydrofuran (THF), 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2Me-THF), tetrahydropyran (THP), 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DG), 1,2-diethoxyethane, and 1,2-dibutoxyethane.
- the electrolyte may also optionally include additives.
- the additives may include negative electrode film-forming additives, positive electrode film-forming additives, and may also include additives capable of Additives that improve certain battery properties, such as additives that improve battery overcharge performance, additives that improve battery high or low temperature performance, etc.
- the positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet, and the separator can be formed into an electrode assembly through a winding process or a lamination process.
- the secondary battery may include an outer packaging that can be used to encapsulate the electrode assembly and the electrolyte.
- the outer packaging of the secondary battery can be a hard shell, such as a hard plastic shell, an aluminum shell, or a steel shell.
- the outer packaging of the secondary battery can be a soft shell, such as a pouch-type soft shell.
- the soft shell can be made of plastic, such as polypropylene, polybutylene terephthalate, and polybutylene succinate.
- the shape of the secondary battery includes but is not limited to cylindrical, square or any other shape.
- FIG5 is a secondary battery 5 with a square structure as an example.
- the outer packaging may include a shell 51 and a cover plate 53.
- the shell 51 may include a bottom plate and a side plate connected to the bottom plate, and the bottom plate and the side plate enclose a receiving cavity.
- the shell 51 has an opening connected to the receiving cavity, and the cover plate 53 can be covered on the opening to close the receiving cavity.
- the positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet and the separator can be formed into an electrode assembly 52 through a winding process or a lamination process.
- the electrode assembly 52 is encapsulated in the receiving cavity.
- the electrolyte is infiltrated in the electrode assembly 52.
- the number of electrode assemblies 52 contained in the secondary battery 5 can be one or more, and those skilled in the art can select according to specific actual needs.
- secondary batteries can be assembled into a battery module.
- the number of secondary batteries contained in the battery module can be one or more. The specific number can be selected by those skilled in the art according to the application and capacity of the battery module.
- the battery module 4 may further include a housing having a receiving space, and the plurality of secondary batteries 5 are received in the receiving space.
- the battery modules can also be assembled into a battery pack.
- the number of battery modules contained in the battery pack can be one or more. The specific number is known to those skilled in the art. Staff can choose according to the application and capacity of the battery pack.
- the battery pack 1 may include a battery box and multiple battery modules 4 disposed within the battery box.
- the battery box comprises an upper case 2 and a lower case 3.
- the upper case 2 can be positioned over the lower case 3 to form an enclosed space for accommodating the battery modules 4.
- the multiple battery modules 4 can be arranged in any manner within the battery box.
- the present application also provides an electric device, which includes at least one of the secondary battery, battery module, or battery pack provided in the present application.
- the secondary battery, battery module, or battery pack can be used as a power source for the electric device, and can also be used as an energy storage unit for the electric device.
- the electric device may include mobile devices (such as mobile phones, laptops, etc.), electric vehicles (such as pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, electric bicycles, electric scooters, electric golf carts, electric trucks, etc.), electric trains, ships and satellites, energy storage systems, etc., but is not limited thereto.
- FIG 10 shows an example of an electric device.
- This device is a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, or a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle.
- a battery pack or battery module can be used.
- a polyethylene film was used as a base film.
- a solution of polyvinyl acetate-methyl methacrylate (PVA) with a weight-average molecular weight of 200,000 was sprayed on both sides of the film. The solution was dried at 80°C to form a non-porous coating.
- the base film had a thickness of 7 ⁇ m, a pore size of 35 nm, and a porosity of 40%.
- the coating had a thickness of 2 ⁇ m on one side.
- the PVA-methyl methacrylate was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
- CMC-Na sodium carboxymethylcellulose
- a positive electrode slurry was prepared by fully dissolving 10 wt% of a polyvinylidene fluoride binder in N-methylpyrrolidone, adding 10 wt% of a carbon black conductive agent and 80 wt% of a positive electrode active material, Na4Fe3 ( PO4 ) 2 ( P2Pa ) , and evenly dispersing them. This positive electrode slurry was evenly coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector aluminum foil. After drying, cold pressing, slitting, and cutting, the positive electrode sheets were obtained.
- the preparation method of the secondary battery of Comparative Example 1 is substantially the same as that of Example 1, except that the base film is coated with a polyhexamethylene adipamide polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 20,000, which is purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
- the preparation method of the secondary battery of Comparative Example 2 is substantially the same as that of Example 5, except that the base film of the isolation membrane is coated with octamethylsiloxane purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
- the preparation method of the secondary battery of Comparative Example 3 is substantially the same as that of Example 1, except that the base film does not have a coating layer.
- the preparation method of the secondary battery of Comparative Example 4 is substantially the same as that of Example 5, except that the base film does not have a coating layer.
- the battery was charged at a constant current rate of 0.33C at 25°C to a voltage of 3.65V, and then charged at a constant voltage of 3.65V to a current less than 0.05C, which was considered to be fully charged.
- the fully charged battery without a negative electrode was disassembled to obtain a negative electrode sheet with sodium metal deposited.
- argon ion polishing technology also known as CP cross-sectional polishing technology
- the cross-section of the negative electrode sheet sample was bombarded to obtain a flat polished section.
- a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe and analyze the microscopic characteristics of the internal structure of the negative electrode sheet sample and observe the uniformity of the sodium metal deposition on the negative electrode sheet.
- the film of the material forming the base film coating was dried in a 70°C oven for 24 hours and cut into coin-sized pieces.
- the film, sodium sheet, electrolyte prepared in Example 1, a rubber-tipped dropper, a marker, tweezers, and a centrifuge tube were transferred to a glove box.
- the film was placed in the centrifuge tube.
- the protective film on the surface of the sodium sheet was removed with tweezers and added to the centrifuge tube (the rough surface of the composite sodium sheet was the pure sodium metal layer, and the bright surface was the other metal lining).
- the electrolyte was added to 1/2 to 2/3 of the centrifuge tube.
- the centrifuge tube and other items were transferred out of the glove box and cleaned thoroughly.
- the centrifuge tube was placed in a 60°C oven and observed for bubbles, surface phenomena of the sodium sheet (rough surface), electrolyte color changes, and other special phenomena. The changes in the film state were observed. If, after 24 hours, the film did not produce bubbles and the electrolyte did not change color, the material had strong resistance to sodium metal reduction. If, after 24 hours, the film produced bubbles and the electrolyte changed color, the material had weak resistance to sodium metal reduction.
- the secondary batteries of Examples 1-5 include an isolation membrane and a negative electrode current collector, the isolation membrane includes a base membrane and a coating arranged on at least one side of the base membrane close to the negative electrode current collector, and the coating includes a blend of one or more of an ester polymer, a polysiloxane polymer, and an amide compound with a cyclic structure.
- the isolation membrane includes a base membrane and a coating arranged on at least one side of the base membrane close to the negative electrode current collector, and the coating includes a blend of one or more of an ester polymer, a polysiloxane polymer, and an amide compound with a cyclic structure, the cycle stability of the battery can be improved.
- Comparison of Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-2 shows that when the coating comprises a blend of one or more of an ester polymer, a polysiloxane polymer, and an amide compound with a cyclic structure, materials with strong resistance to sodium metal reduction can further enhance the battery's cycling stability.
- the coating comprises amides or siloxanes without cyclic structures, even if the resulting separator exhibits considerable ionic conductivity and electrolyte wettability, the lack of sodium metal reduction resistance of these amides and siloxanes leads to poor battery cycling stability, making them unsuitable for use in the coating of the separator of the present application.
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Abstract
本申请提供了一种二次电池及用电装置,二次电池包括隔离膜和负极集流体,隔离膜包括基膜和设置在基膜至少靠近负极集流体一侧上的涂层,涂层包括酯类聚合物、聚硅氧烷类聚合物、具有环状结构的酰胺类化合物中的一种或多种的共混物。该二次电池的隔离膜具有高的离子电导率和优异的电解液润湿性,可以提升电池的循环稳定性。
Description
交叉引用
本申请引用2024年3月26日递交的名称为“二次电池及用电装置”的第2024103537572号中国专利申请,其通过引用被全部并入本申请。
本申请涉及二次电池技术领域,尤其涉及一种二次电池及用电装置。
近年来,二次电池广泛应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统,以及电动工具、电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车、军事装备、航空航天等多个领域。随着二次电池应用的普及,对其循环性能、使用寿命等也提出了更高的要求。
电池隔离膜是二次电池的重要组成部分,它直接影响着电池的循环性能,然而现有技术中的隔离膜存在离子电导率低、电解液润湿性差等问题,容易导致负极形成锂枝晶或钠枝晶,恶化电池的循环稳定性。
发明内容
本申请是鉴于上述课题而进行的,其目的在于,提供一种二次电池,二次电池的隔离膜具有高的离子电导率和优异的电解液润湿性,可以抑制锂枝晶或钠枝晶的形成,提升二次电池的循环稳定性。
本申请的第一方面提供一种二次电池,其包括隔离膜和负极集流体,隔离膜包括基膜和设置在基膜至少靠近所述负极集流体一侧上的涂层,涂层包括酯类聚合物、聚硅氧烷类聚合物、具有环状结构的酰胺类化合物中的一种或多种的共混物。
酯类聚合物、聚硅氧烷类聚合物以及具有环状结构的酰胺类化
合物具有优异的离子传导能力,涂覆在基膜表面形成涂层有利于提升隔离膜的离子电导率和活性离子(例如锂离子或钠离子)迁移数,减少活性离子在负极活性材料表面析出,抑制锂枝晶或钠枝晶等枝晶的产生;且酯类聚合物、聚硅氧烷类聚合物、具有环状结构的酰胺类化合物对电解液具有良好的亲和性和吸液保液能力,使得隔离膜对电解液具有优异的润湿性,有利于活性离子的均匀传输和进一步提升活性离子的迁移数,抑制枝晶的形成,提升电池的循环稳定性。同时,酯类聚合物和聚硅氧烷类聚合物具有优异的耐金属锂或金属钠还原能力;具有环状结构的环酰胺类化合物的环状结构具有分布均匀的电子云,可以提升酰胺类化合物的稳定性,使酰胺类化合物具有优异的耐金属锂或金属钠还原能力,从而使得包括上述材料的涂层不易与无法及时嵌入负极活性材料的金属锂或金属钠反应,避免活性离子的不可逆损失,提升电池的循环稳定性。
当本申请的隔离膜应用于无负极电池时,本申请的隔离膜优异的离子电导率和电解液润湿性可以使得负极集流体上均匀的沉积金属锂或金属钠,抑制锂枝晶或钠枝晶的形成,提升无负极电池的循环稳定性;且包括上述材料的涂层不易与负极集流体上沉积的金属锂或金属钠反应,有利于提升无负极电池的循环稳定性。
在任意实施方式中,酯类聚合物包括聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚醋酸乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚环氧乙烷和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物中的一种或多种。
在任意实施方式中,聚硅氧烷类聚合物包括聚甲基硅氧烷、聚乙烯基硅氧烷、二甲基聚硅氧烷中的一种或多种。
在任意实施方式中,具有环状结构的酰胺类化合物包括环丙基甲酰胺、N-环丙基-N-(苯基甲基)-甲酰胺中的一种或多种。
在任意实施方式中,酯类聚合物的重均分子量为10万-40万。
在任意实施方式中,聚硅氧烷类聚合物的重均分子量为1万-10万。
分子量在上述范围的酯类聚合物和聚硅氧烷类聚合物具有优异的离子传导能力与电解液亲和性的同时,具有优异的耐金属锂或金
属钠还原能力,使得包括上述材料的涂层不易与金属锂或金属钠反应,有利于提升电池的循环稳定性。
在任意实施方式中,涂层设置在所述基膜的两侧。
在任意实施方式中,涂层的厚度为1μm-5μm。
涂层的厚度在上述范围内,隔离膜具有优异的离子电导率、电解液润湿性,提升二次电池的循环稳定性的同时,二次电池具有优异的能量密度。
在任意实施方式中,涂层为无孔涂层。
传统的隔离膜往往具有较高的孔隙率,负极生成的锂枝晶或钠枝晶易穿过隔离膜的孔隙,连通正负极造成内短路,恶化电池的循环稳定性和安全性能。本申请在基膜上设置由酯类聚合物、聚硅氧烷类聚合物、具有环状结构的酰胺类化合物中的一种或多种的共混物构成的致密无孔的涂层,隔离膜具有优异的电解液润湿性和离子电导率,抑制锂枝晶或钠枝晶形成的同时,可以进一步的避免形成的枝晶穿过隔离膜连通正负极,降低电池发生内短路的概率,提升电池的循环稳定性和安全性能。
在任意实施方式中,基膜包括聚乙烯膜、聚丙烯膜、聚酰亚胺膜中的一种或多种。
在任意实施方式中,基膜的厚度为3μm-30μm。
在任意实施方式中,二次电池包括无负极电池。
本申请的第二方面还提供一种用电装置,包括第一方面的二次电池。
图1是本申请实施例一的二次电池的隔离膜的扫描电镜示意图;
图2是本申请对比例三的二次电池的隔离膜的扫描电镜示意图;
图3是本申请实施例一的二次电池满充状态下负极极片截面的扫描电镜示意图;
图4是本申请对比例三的二次电池满充状态下负极极片截面的扫描电镜示意图;
图5是本申请一实施方式的二次电池的示意图;
图6是图5所示的本申请一实施方式的二次电池的分解图;
图7是本申请一实施方式的电池模块的示意图;
图8是本申请一实施方式的电池包的示意图;
图9是图8所示的本申请一实施方式的电池包的分解图;
图10是本申请一实施方式的二次电池用作电源的用电装置的示意图。
附图标记说明:
1电池包;2上箱体;3下箱体;4电池模块;5二次电池;51壳体;52电极组件;53盖板。
以下,适当地参照附图详细说明具体公开了本申请的二次电池及用电装置的实施方式。但是会有省略不必要的详细说明的情况。例如,有省略对已众所周知的事项的详细说明、实际相同结构的重复说明的情况。这是为了避免以下的说明不必要地变得冗长,便于本领域技术人员的理解。此外,附图及以下说明是为了本领域技术人员充分理解本申请而提供的,并不旨在限定权利要求书所记载的主题。
本申请所公开的“范围”以下限和上限的形式来限定,给定范围是通过选定一个下限和一个上限进行限定的,选定的下限和上限限定了特别范围的边界。这种方式进行限定的范围可以是包括端值或不包括端值的,并且可以进行任意地组合,即任何下限可以与任何上限组合形成一个范围。例如,如果针对特定参数列出了60-120和80-110的范围,理解为60-110和80-120的范围也是预料到的。此外,如果列出的最小范围值1和2,和如果列出了最大范围值3,4和5,则下面的范围可全部预料到:1-3、1-4、1-5、2-3、2-4和2-5。在本申请中,除非有其他说明,数值范围“a-b”表示a到b之间的任意实数组合的缩略表示,其中a和b都是实数。例如数值范围“0-5”表示本文中已经全部列出了“0-5”之间的全部实数,“0-5”只是这些数值组
合的缩略表示。另外,当表述某个参数为≥2的整数,则相当于公开了该参数为例如整数2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12等。
如果没有特别的说明,本申请的所有实施方式以及可选实施方式可以相互组合形成新的技术方案。
如果没有特别的说明,本申请的所有技术特征以及可选技术特征可以相互组合形成新的技术方案。
如果没有特别的说明,本申请的所有步骤可以顺序进行,也可以随机进行,优选是顺序进行的。例如,所述方法包括步骤(a)和(b),表示所述方法可包括顺序进行的步骤(a)和(b),也可以包括顺序进行的步骤(b)和(a)。例如,所述提到所述方法还可包括步骤(c),表示步骤(c)可以任意顺序加入到所述方法,例如,所述方法可以包括步骤(a)、(b)和(c),也可包括步骤(a)、(c)和(b),也可以包括步骤(c)、(a)和(b)等。
如果没有特别的说明,本申请所提到的“包括”和“包含”表示开放式,也可以是封闭式。例如,所述“包括”和“包含”可以表示还可以包括或包含没有列出的其他组分,也可以仅包括或包含列出的组分。
如果没有特别的说明,在本申请中,术语“或”是包括性的。举例来说,短语“A或B”表示“A,B,或A和B两者”。更具体地,以下任一条件均满足条件“A或B”:A为真(或存在)并且B为假(或不存在);A为假(或不存在)而B为真(或存在);或A和B都为真(或存在)。
隔离膜是位于电池正极与负极之间的材料,用于防止正负极接触发生内短路,此外还为活性离子(例如锂离子或钠离子)在正极和负极之间的传输提供通道,因此隔离膜对电池的循环性能有着非常重要的影响。现有技术中的隔离膜(如聚乙烯隔离膜、聚丙烯隔离膜等)存在电解液浸润性差、离子电导率低的缺点,容易导致活性离子在负极活性材料表面析出或导致活性离子在无负极电池的负极集流体表面沉积不均匀,继而引起锂枝晶或钠枝晶的形成,导致活性锂或活性钠的不可逆损失,恶化电池的循环稳定性。
[二次电池]
基于此,本申请提出了一种二次电池,其包括隔离膜和负极集流体,隔离膜包括基膜和设置在基膜至少靠近所述负极集流体一侧上的涂层,涂层包括酯类聚合物、聚硅氧烷类聚合物、具有环状结构的酰胺类化合物中的一种或多种的共混物。
在本文中,术语“隔离膜”是指置于电池正极和负极之间,用于隔开正极和负极,防止正极和负极接触而短路,同时使电解质离子通过的材料。
在本文中,术语“聚合物”一方面包括通过聚合反应制备的化学上均一的、但在聚合度、摩尔质量和链长方面不同的大分子的集合体;另一方面也包括由聚合反应形成的这样的大分子集合体的衍生物,即可以通过上述大分子中的官能团的反应,例如加成或取代获得的并且可以是化学上均一的或化学上不均一的聚合物。
在本文中,术语“酯类聚合物”是指聚合物的结构单元中含有酯基的一类聚合物。
在本文中,术语“酯基”是指结构为-COO-的基团。
在一些实施方式中,酯类聚合物包括聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚醋酸乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚环氧乙烷和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物中的一种或多种。
在本文中,术语“聚硅氧烷类聚合物”是一类由硅原子和氧原子交替连结组成骨架,不同的有机基团再与硅原子连结的聚合物的统称。
在一些实施方式中,聚硅氧烷类聚合物包括聚甲基硅氧烷、聚乙烯基硅氧烷、二甲基聚硅氧烷中的一种或多种。
在本文中,术语“酰胺类化合物”是指氨(NH3)或胺(RNH2、R2NH)分子中氮原子上的氢原子被酰基取代生成的化合物,也可看作羧酸分子中的羟基被氨基(-NH2)或烃氨基(-NHR或-NR2)取代而成的化合物。
在本文中,术语“具有环状结构的酰胺类化合物”是指一种结构中包括环状结构的酰胺类化合物,环状结构包括环烷基、芳香基、
杂环中的至少一种。
在本文中,术语“环烷基”是指分子中的碳链呈环状结构的碳氢化合物。
在本文中,术语“芳香基”是指在六元环中,碳原子之间单键和双键交替出现的环状结构,其中最简单的化合物是苯。按照苯环数和彼此结构关系可分为单环芳烃、双环芳烃和稠环芳烃。
在本文中,术语“杂环”是指环状结构中除碳原子外,还含有其他杂原子,常见的杂原子有氧、硫、氮等。
在一些实施方式中,具有环状结构的酰胺类化合物包括环丙基甲酰胺、N-环丙基-N-(苯基甲基)-甲酰胺中的一种或多种。
在一些实施方式中,涂层设置在所述基膜的两侧。
在一些实施方式中,设置在所述基膜的两侧的涂层各自独立地包括酯类聚合物、聚硅氧烷类聚合物、具有环状结构的酰胺类化合物中的一种或多种的共混物。
酯类聚合物、聚硅氧烷类聚合物以及具有环状结构的酰胺类化合物具有优异的离子传导能力,涂覆在基膜表面形成涂层有利于提升隔离膜的离子电导率和活性离子(例如锂离子或钠离子)迁移数,减少活性离子在负极活性材料表面析出,抑制锂枝晶或钠枝晶等枝晶的产生;且酯类聚合物、聚硅氧烷类聚合物、具有环状结构的酰胺类化合物对电解液具有良好的亲和性和吸液保液能力,使得隔离膜对电解液具有优异的润湿性,有利于活性离子的均匀传输和进一步提升活性离子的迁移数,抑制枝晶的形成,提升电池的循环稳定性。同时,酯类聚合物和聚硅氧烷类聚合物具有优异的耐金属锂或金属钠还原能力;具有环状结构的环酰胺类化合物的环状结构具有分布均匀的电子云,可以提升酰胺类化合物的稳定性,使酰胺类化合物具有优异的耐金属锂或金属钠还原能力,从而使得包括上述材料的涂层不易与无法及时嵌入负极活性材料的金属锂或金属钠反应,避免活性离子的不可逆损失,提升电池的循环稳定性。
在一些实施方式中,二次电池包括无负极电池
在本文中,术语“无负极电池”是指在电池的制造过程中,在
负极侧不主动设置负极活性材料层而构成的电池,例如在电池的制造过程中不在负极处通过涂敷或沉积等工序设置锂/钠金属或碳质活性材料层而形成负极活性材料层。首次充电时,锂离子或钠离子在阳极侧得到电子以金属锂或金属钠在集流体表面沉积形成锂金属相或钠金属相,放电时,金属锂或金属钠能够转变为锂离子或钠离子回到正极,实现循环充放。
当本申请的隔离膜应用于无负极电池时,本申请的隔离膜优异的离子电导率和电解液润湿性可以使得负极集流体上均匀的沉积金属锂或金属钠,抑制锂枝晶或钠枝晶的形成,提升无负极电池的循环稳定性;且包括上述材料的涂层不易与负极集流体上沉积的金属锂或金属钠反应,有利于提升无负极电池的循环稳定性。
在一些实施方式中,酯类聚合物的重均分子量为10万-40万。
在本申请中,聚合物的重均分子量的测试可以选用本领域已知的方法进行测试,例如使用超高效聚合物色谱仪:ACQUITYAPC;检测器:ACQUITY示差折光检测器。测试步骤如下:(1)开机预热:安装好色谱柱和管路,依次打开控制台,测试电源等,打开测试软件Empower;(2)参数设定,进样体积:0μL至50μL(视样品浓度定);泵流速:0.2mL/min;流动相:30mol/LLiBr的N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)溶液;密封清洗液:异丙醇;预柱:PLgel10umMiniMIX-BGuard(尺寸:50mm×4.6mm×2);分析相:PLgel10umMiniMIX-B(尺寸:250mm×4.6mm);标准品:聚苯乙烯;运行时间:30min;检测器:ACQUITY示差折光(RI)检测器;柱温箱温度:90℃;检测器温度:55℃。(3)样品测试:a.标准样和测试样品配置:分别称取0.002g至0.004g标准样/测试样加入2mL流动相液体,配制成0.1%至0.5%的混标,至于冰箱中>8h;b.标液/样品测试:编辑待测样品组,选择已建立的样品组方法,待基线稳定后,点击运行队列,开始测试样品;(4)数据处理:根据保留时间和分子量的关系,利用化学工作站建立校正曲线,对样品谱图进行积分定量,化学工作站自动生成分子量和分子量分布结果。
在一些实施方式中,酯类聚合物的重均分子量为10万、13万、
16万、19万、22万、25万、28万、31万、34万、37万、40万或其间的任意数值。
在一些实施方式中,聚硅氧烷类聚合物的重均分子量为1万-10万。
在一些实施方式中,聚硅氧烷类聚合物的重均分子量为1万、2万、3万、4万、5万、6万、7万、8万、9万、10万或其间的任意数值。
分子量在上述范围的酯类聚合物和聚硅氧烷类聚合物具有优异的离子传导能力与电解液亲和性的同时,具有优异的耐金属锂或金属钠还原能力,使得包括上述材料的涂层不易与金属锂或金属钠反应,有利于提升电池的循环稳定性。
在一些实施方式中,涂层包括具有环状结构的酰胺类化合物。
在一些实施方式中,隔离膜的离子电导率为1.5×10-1mS/cm-2.5×10-1mS/cm。
在本申请中,术语“离子电导率”是描述电解质溶液中离子迁移能力的物理量。
在本申请中,隔离膜的离子电导率的测试可以选用本领域已知的方法进行测试,例如将隔离膜裁成一定面积的圆片,烘干后,置于两个不锈钢电极之间,不锈钢电极的型号为DDG-01,不锈钢电极之间的距离为3mm~5mm,电极之间设置有电解液。电解液为二乙二醇二甲醚和四氢呋喃按照质量比1:3混合,加入六氟磷酸钠(NaPF6),搅拌均匀后得到的NaPF6浓度为1.0mol/L的电解液。待吸收足够量的电解液后密封形成扣式电池,采用电化学工作站对扣式电池进行交流阻抗谱实验,获得隔离膜的离子电导率。电化学工作站可采用上海辰华CHI 660C电化学工作站,交流信号频率范围为0.01Hz至1MHz,正弦波电位幅值为5mV。为了准确性,取5个平行样品的平均值作为测试结果。
在一些实施方式中,隔离膜的离子电导率为1.5×10-1mS/cm、1.6×10-1mS/cm、1.7×10-1mS/cm、1.8×10-1mS/cm、1.9×10-1mS/cm、2.0×10-1mS/cm、2.2×10-1mS/cm、2.3×10-1mS/cm、2.4×10-1mS/cm、
2.5×10-1mS/cm或其间的任意数值。
隔离膜的离子电导率在上述范围内,有利于提升活性离子的迁移数,抑制枝晶的生成,提升电池的循环稳定性。
在一些实施方式中,隔离膜涂有涂层的一侧与电解液的接触角为小于等于30°。
在本申请中,隔离膜涂有涂层的一侧与电解液的接触角的测试可以选用本领域已知的方法进行测试,例如将电解液滴加到隔离膜的表面,根据GB/T 14210方法使用接触角测量仪测量接触角,根据电解液和隔离膜的接触角来判断其电解液的浸润性。电解液为二乙二醇二甲醚和四氢呋喃按照质量比1:3混合,加入六氟磷酸钠(NaPF6),搅拌均匀后得到的NaPF6浓度为1.0mol/L的电解液。接触角接近0度表示电解液良好地浸润在隔离膜表面上,而接近90度则表示电解液在隔离膜表面上有较差的浸润性能。
在一些实施方式中,隔离膜涂有涂层的一侧与电解液的接触角为10°、11°、12°、13°、14°、15°、16°、17°、18°、19°、20°、21°、22°、23°、24°、25°、26°、27°、28°、29°、30°或其间的任意数值。
隔离膜涂有涂层的一侧与电解液的接触角在上述范围内,隔离膜对电解液具有优异的润湿性,有利于提升活性离子的迁移数和传输均匀性,抑制枝晶的生成,提升电池的循环稳定性。
在一些实施方式中,涂层的厚度为1μm-5μm。
在本申请中,涂层的厚度可以选用本领域已知的方法进行测试,例如准备待测电池隔离膜样品,并确保其处于安全状态。使用测厚仪将其探头放置在电池隔离膜表面,并记录测量结果。重复上述步骤,测量多个位置的隔离膜厚度,以获得更准确的数据。分析不涂涂层和涂有涂层的隔离膜的测量结果,计算出涂层的平均厚度。
在一些实施方式中,涂层的厚度为1μm、2μm、3μm、4μm、5μm或任意两者之间的数值。
涂层的厚度在上述范围内,隔离膜具有优异的离子电导率、电解液润湿性,提升二次电池的循环稳定性的同时,二次电池具有优
异的能量密度。
在一些实施方式中,涂层为无孔涂层。
在本申请中,术语“无孔涂层”是指没有孔隙或几乎没有孔隙、孔隙率为0的涂层。
在本申请中涂层的孔隙率可以选用本领域已知的方法进行测试,例如参考GB/T21650.2-2008,采用氮气吸附法测定涂层的孔隙率。
在本申请中涂层的形貌可以选用本领域已知的方法进行测试,例如使用扫描电镜图(SEM)对隔离膜的微观形貌进行观察。图1是本申请一实施方式的隔离膜的扫描电镜示意图,如图1所示,可以看出隔离膜的表面致密无孔。
传统的隔离膜往往具有较高的孔隙率,负极生成的锂枝晶或钠枝晶易穿过隔离膜的孔隙,连通正负极造成内短路,恶化电池的循环稳定性和安全性能。本申请在基膜上设置由酯类聚合物、聚硅氧烷类聚合物、具有环状结构的酰胺类化合物中的一种或多种的共混物构成的致密无孔的涂层,隔离膜具有优异的电解液润湿性和离子电导率,抑制锂枝晶或钠枝晶形成的同时,可以进一步的避免形成的枝晶穿过隔离膜连通正负极,降低电池发生内短路的概率,提升电池的循环稳定性和安全性能。
在一些实施方式中,基膜包括聚乙烯膜、聚丙烯膜、聚酰亚胺膜中的一种或多种。
在一些实施方式中,基膜的厚度为3μm-30μm。
在一些实施方式中,基膜的厚度为3μm、6μm、9μm、12μm、15μm、18μm、21μm、24μm、27μm、30μm或任意两者之间的数值。
在一些实施方式中,基膜的孔径为5nm-80nm。
在一些实施方式中,基膜的孔径为5nm、10nm、15nm、20nm、25nm、30nm、35nm、40nm、45nm、50nm、55nm、60nm、65nm、70nm、75nm、80nm或其间的任意数值。
在一些实施方式中,二次电池为锂离子电池、钠离子电池、镁离子电池、钾离子电池中的任意一种。
[负极极片]
在一些实施方式中,二次电池为无负极电池。
在一些实施方式中,负极极片包括负极集流体。
在一些实施方式中,为了改善电池性能,无负极电池的负极侧可以设置一些常规可作为负极活性材料的物质,如碳质材料、金属氧化物、合金等。虽然这些材料具有一定容量,但是由于这些材料的量较少,其在电池中不是作为主要的负极活性材料使用,因此不被视为形成起到嵌锂或嵌钠作用的负极活性材料层,这样构成的二次电池仍然可被视为无负极电池。
在一些实施方式中,负极极片包括负极集流体以及设置在负极集流体至少一个表面上的负极膜层,负极膜层包括负极活性材料。
作为示例,负极集流体具有在其自身厚度方向相对的两个表面,负极膜层可以设置在负极集流体相对的两个表面的其中任意一者或两者上。
在一些实施方式中,负极集流体可采用金属箔片或复合集流体。例如,作为金属箔片,可以采用铜箔、铝箔。复合集流体可包括高分子材料基层和形成于高分子材料基材至少一个表面上的金属层。复合集流体可通过将金属材料(铜、铜合金、铝、铝合金、镍、镍合金、钛、钛合金、银及银合金等)形成在高分子材料基材(如聚丙烯(PP)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚乙烯(PE)等的基材)上而形成。
在一些实施方式中,负极活性材料可采用本领域公知的用于电池的负极活性材料。作为示例,负极活性材料可包括以下材料中的至少一种:人造石墨、天然石墨、软炭、硬炭、硅基材料、锡基材料和钛酸锂等。所述硅基材料可选自单质硅、硅氧化合物、硅碳复合物、硅氮复合物以及硅合金中的至少一种。所述锡基材料可选自单质锡、锡氧化合物以及锡合金中的至少一种。但本申请并不限定于这些材料,还可以使用其他可被用作电池负极活性材料的传统材料。这些负极活性材料可以仅单独使用一种,也可以将两种以上组合使用。
在一些实施方式中,负极膜层还可选地包括粘结剂。作为示例,
粘结剂可选自丁苯橡胶(SBR)、聚丙烯酸(PAA)、聚丙烯酸钠(PAAS)、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、海藻酸钠(SA)、聚甲基丙烯酸(PMAA)及羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCS)中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中,负极膜层还可选地包括导电剂。作为示例,导电剂可选自超导碳、乙炔黑、炭黑、科琴黑、碳点、碳纳米管、石墨烯及碳纳米纤维中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中,负极膜层还可选地包括其他助剂,例如增稠剂(如羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na))等。
在一些实施方式中,可以通过以下方式制备负极极片:将上述用于制备负极极片的组分,例如负极活性材料、导电剂、粘结剂和任意其他组分分散于溶剂(例如去离子水)中,形成负极浆料;将负极浆料涂覆在负极集流体上,经烘干、冷压等工序后,即可得到负极极片。
[正极极片]
正极极片通常包括正极集流体以及设置在正极集流体至少一个表面的正极膜层,正极膜层包括正极活性材料。
作为示例,正极集流体具有在其自身厚度方向相对的两个表面,正极膜层设置在正极集流体相对的两个表面的其中任意一者或两者上。
在一些实施方式中,正极活性材料可采用本领域公知的用于电池的正极活性材料。作为示例,正极活性材料可包括以下材料中的至少一种:普鲁士蓝类似物、含钠磷酸盐、含钠过渡金属氧化物其各自的改性化合物。但本申请并不限定于这些材料,还可以使用其他可被用作电池正极活性材料的传统材料。这些正极活性材料可以仅单独使用一种,也可以将两种以上组合使用。其中,普鲁士蓝类似物为NaxP[R(CN)6]δ·zH2O,其中所述P、R各自独立地选自过渡金属元素中的至少一种,0<x≤2,0<δ≤1并且0≤z≤10;含钠磷酸盐为NabMec(PO4)dO2X,其中A为H、Li、Na、K及NH4中的一种或多种,Me为Ti、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、V、Cu及Zn中的一种或
多种,X为F、Cl及Br中的一种或多种,0<b≤4,0<c≤2,1≤d≤3;含钠过渡金属氧化物为NaaMbNcFedMneO2,M、N包括Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Zr、Nb、Mo、Sn、Hf、Ta、W和Pb中的至少一种,0.05≤b≤0.2,0.2≤c≤0.3,0.2≤d≤0.3,0.3≤e≤0.4,0.75≤a/(b+c+d+e)≤1。
在一些实施方式中,正极集流体可采用金属箔片或复合集流体。例如,作为金属箔片,可采用铝箔。复合集流体可包括高分子材料基层和形成于高分子材料基层至少一个表面上的金属层。复合集流体可通过将金属材料(铝、铝合金、镍、镍合金、钛、钛合金、银及银合金等)形成在高分子材料基材(如聚丙烯(PP)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚乙烯(PE)等的基材)上而形成。
在一些实施方式中,正极膜层还可选地包括粘结剂。作为示例,粘结剂可以包括聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、偏氟乙烯-四氟乙烯-丙烯三元共聚物、偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-四氟乙烯三元共聚物、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物及含氟丙烯酸酯树脂中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中,正极膜层还可选地包括导电剂。作为示例,导电剂可以包括超导碳、乙炔黑、炭黑、科琴黑、碳点、碳纳米管、石墨烯及碳纳米纤维中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中,可以通过以下方式制备正极极片:将上述用于制备正极极片的组分,例如正极活性材料、导电剂、粘结剂和任意其他的组分分散于溶剂(例如N-甲基吡咯烷酮)中,形成正极浆料;将正极浆料涂覆在正极集流体上,经烘干、冷压等工序后,即可得到正极极片。
[电解质]
电解质在正极极片和负极极片之间起到传导离子的作用。本申请对电解质的种类没有具体的限制,可根据需求进行选择。例如,电解质可以是液态的、凝胶态的或全固态的。
在一些实施方式中,所述电解质采用电解液。所述电解液包括
电解质盐和溶剂。
在一些实施方式中,电解液包括电解质盐,电解质盐选自NaPF6、NaBF4、NaN(SO2F)2(NaFSI)、NaClO4、NaAsF6、NaB(C2O4)2(NaBOB)、NaBF2(C2O4)(NaDFOB)、NaN(SO2RF)2、NaN(SO2F)(SO2RF)中的中的至少一种,其中,RF表示为CbF2b+1,b为1~10内的整数,可选为1~3内的整数。
在一些实施方式中,电解质盐选自NaPF6、NaN(SO2F)2、NaN(CF3SO2)2、NaB(C2O4)2、NaBF2(C2O4)中的一种或几种。在一些实施方式中,所述电解质盐选自NaPF6、NaN(SO2RF)2、NaBF2(C2O4)中的一种或几种。在一些实施方式中,RF为-CF3、-C2F5或-CF2CF2CF3。
在一些实施方式中,所述电解液包括溶剂,所述溶剂包括链状碳酸酯、链状羧酸酯、环状碳酸、醚类溶剂、砜类溶剂、腈类溶剂中的至少一种。在一些实施方式中,链状碳酸酯包括碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、碳酸二乙酯(DEC)、碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)、碳酸甲丙酯(MPC)、碳酸甲基异丙酯(MIPC)、碳酸甲丁酯、碳酸乙丙酯、碳酸二丙酯、碳酸二丁酯中的至少一种。在一些实施方式中,链状碳酸酯包括碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、碳酸二乙酯(DEC)、碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)、碳酸甲丙酯(MPC)中的至少一种。在一些实施方式中,链状羧酸酯包括甲酸甲酯(MF)、甲酸乙酯(EF)、丙酸甲酯(MP)、丙酸乙酯(EP)、丙酸丙酯(PP)、丁酸乙酯(EB)、乙酸甲酯(MA)、乙酸乙酯(EA)、乙酸丙酯(PA)中的至少一种。在一些实施方式中,链状羧酸酯包括丙酸甲酯(MP)、丙酸乙酯(EP)、丙酸丙酯(PP)、乙酸甲酯(MA)、乙酸乙酯(EA)、乙酸丙酯(PA)中的至少一种。在一些实施方式中,醚类溶剂包括二氧戊环(DOL)、四氢呋喃(THF)、2-甲基四氢呋喃(2Me-THF)、四氢吡喃(THP)、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷(DME)、二乙二醇二甲醚(DG)、1,2-二乙氧基乙烷及1,2-二丁氧基乙烷中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中,所述电解液还可选地包括添加剂。例如添加剂可以包括负极成膜添加剂、正极成膜添加剂,还可以包括能够
改善电池某些性能的添加剂,例如改善电池过充性能的添加剂、改善电池高温或低温性能的添加剂等。
在一些实施方式中,正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜可通过卷绕工艺或叠片工艺制成电极组件。
在一些实施方式中,二次电池可包括外包装。该外包装可用于封装上述电极组件及电解质。
在一些实施方式中,二次电池的外包装可以是硬壳,例如硬塑料壳、铝壳、钢壳等。二次电池的外包装也可以是软包,例如袋式软包。软包的材质可以是塑料,作为塑料,可列举出聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯以及聚丁二酸丁二醇酯等。
本申请中,二次电池的形状包括但不限于圆柱形、方形或其他任意的形状。例如,图5是作为一个示例的方形结构的二次电池5。
在一些实施方式中,参照图6外包装可包括壳体51和盖板53。其中,壳体51可包括底板和连接于底板上的侧板,底板和侧板围合形成容纳腔。壳体51具有与容纳腔连通的开口,盖板53能够盖设于开口,以封闭容纳腔。正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜可经卷绕工艺或叠片工艺形成电极组件52。电极组件52封装于容纳腔内。电解液浸润于电极组件52中。二次电池5所含电极组件52的数量可以为一个或多个,本领域技术人员可根据具体实际需求进行选择。
在一些实施方式中,二次电池可以组装成电池模块,电池模块所含二次电池的数量可以为一个或多个,具体数量本领域技术人员可根据电池模块的应用和容量进行选择。
图7是作为一个示例的电池模块5。参照图7,在电池模块4中,多个二次电池5可以是沿电池模块4的长度方向依次排列设置。当然,也可以按照其他任意的方式进行排布。进一步可以通过紧固件将该多个二次电池5进行固定。
可选地,电池模块4还可以包括具有容纳空间的外壳,多个二次电池5容纳于该容纳空间。
在一些实施方式中,上述电池模块还可以组装成电池包,电池包所含电池模块的数量可以为一个或多个,具体数量本领域技术人
员可根据电池包的应用和容量进行选择。
图8和图9是作为一个示例的电池包1。参照图8和图9,在电池包1中可以包括电池箱和设置于电池箱中的多个电池模块4。电池箱包括上箱体2和下箱体3,上箱体2能够盖设于下箱体3,并形成用于容纳电池模块4的封闭空间。多个电池模块4可以按照任意的方式排布于电池箱中。
另外,本申请还提供一种用电装置,所述用电装置包括本申请提供的二次电池、电池模块、或电池包中的至少一种。所述二次电池、电池模块、或电池包可以用作所述用电装置的电源,也可以用作所述用电装置的能量存储单元。所述用电装置可以包括移动设备(例如手机、笔记本电脑等)、电动车辆(例如纯电动车、混合动力电动车、插电式混合动力电动车、电动自行车、电动踏板车、电动高尔夫球车、电动卡车等)、电气列车、船舶及卫星、储能系统等,但不限于此。
作为用电装置,可以根据其使用需求来选择二次电池、电池模块或电池包。
图10是作为一个示例的用电装置。该用电装置为纯电动车、混合动力电动车、或插电式混合动力电动车等。为了满足该用电装置对二次电池的高功率和高能量密度的需求,可以采用电池包或电池模块。
作为另一个示例的装置可以是手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑等。该装置通常要求轻薄化,可以采用二次电池作为电源。
实施例
以下,说明本申请的实施例。下面描述的实施例是示例性的,仅用于解释本申请,而不能理解为对本申请的限制。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件的,按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
一、制备方法
实施例1:
1)隔离膜的制备
以聚乙烯膜作为基膜,在基膜的两侧上喷涂固含量为40%、溶剂为N-甲基吡咯烷酮、溶质为重均分子量为20万的聚醋酸乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯的溶液,在80℃下烘干,在基膜表面形成无孔涂层。基膜的厚度为7μm、孔径为35nm、孔隙率为40%;涂层的单侧厚度为2μm,聚醋酸乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯购买于Sigma-Aldrich。
2)负极极片的制备
称取5g羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)搅拌溶解于1000mL水中,然后加入5g单壁碳纳米管,经超声分散后制备得到浆料。将该浆料涂布在负极集流体铜箔表面,经烘干、分条、裁片后,得到负极极片。
3)正极极片的制备
将10wt%的聚偏氟乙烯粘结剂充分溶解于N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,加入10wt%的炭黑导电剂与80wt%的正极活性材料Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2P7),分散均匀后制备得到正极浆料。将该正极浆料均匀涂敷在正极集流体铝箔表面,经烘干、冷压、分条、裁片后,得到正极极片。
4)电解液的制备
在含水量<1ppm的充有氩气的手套箱中,将二乙二醇二甲醚和四氢呋喃按照质量比1:3混合,加入六氟磷酸钠(NaPF6),搅拌均匀后,得到NaPF6浓度为1.0mol/L的电解液。
5)电池的制备
将正极极片、隔离膜、负极极片按顺序叠好,使隔离膜处于正、负极极片中间起到隔离正、负极极片的作用,卷绕得到裸电芯,焊接极耳,将裸电芯置于外包装中,将上述制备的电解液注入到干燥后的电芯中,再经过封装、静置、化成、整形、容量测试等工序,获得实施例1的二次电池产品。
实施例2-4
实施例2-4的二次电池制备方法与实施例1的制备方法基本相同,
区别在于基膜上涂覆的材料不同,实施例2为重均分子量为5万的聚乙烯基硅氧烷,实施例3为N-环丙基-N-(苯基甲基)-甲酰胺,实施例4为重均分子量为20万的聚醋酸乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯、重均分子量为5万的聚乙烯基硅氧烷摩尔比为1:1的共混聚合物,聚乙烯基硅氧烷、N-环丙基-N-(苯基甲基)-甲酰胺均购买于Sigma-Aldrich。
实施例5
实施例5的二次电池的制备方法与实施例1的制备方法基本相同,区别在于负极极片的制备方法为:
将负极活性材料硬碳、导电剂炭黑、粘结剂羧甲基纤维素钠按照质量比90:5:5在去离子水溶剂体系中充分搅拌混合均匀,获得负极浆料;将负极浆料均匀涂覆在负极集流体铜箔上;将铜箔在室温晾干后转移至120℃烘箱干燥1h,然后经过冷压、分切得到负极极片。
对比例1
对比例1的二次电池制备方法与实施例1的制备方法基本相同,区别在于基膜上涂覆的为重均分子量为2万的聚已二酰己二胺聚合物,购买于Sigma-Aldrich。
对比例2
对比例2的二次电池制备方法与实施例5的制备方法基本相同,区别在于隔离膜基膜上涂覆的为八甲基硅氧烷,购买于Sigma-Aldrich。
对比例3
对比例3的二次电池制备方法与实施例1的制备方法基本相同,区别在于基膜上不具有涂层。
对比例4
对比例4的二次电池制备方法与实施例5的制备方法基本相同,区别在于基膜上不具有涂层。
二、电池性能测试
1、金属钠的沉积均匀性
将电池在25℃下以0.33C倍率恒流充电至电压为3.65V,再以3.65V恒压充电至电流小于0.05C,视为达到满充状态。将满充状态下的无负极电池拆解,得到沉积有钠金属的负极极片。利用氩离子抛光技术,又称CP截面抛光技术,对负极极片样品截面进行轰击,以获得平整的抛光截面,同时配合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)完成对负极极片样品内部结构微观特征的观察和分析,观察负极极片钠金属的沉积均匀性。
2、材料耐钠金属还原能力
将形成基膜涂层的材料的胶膜在70℃烘箱中干燥24h,将胶膜裁剪硬币大小。将胶膜、钠片、实施例1中制备的电解液、胶头滴管、记号笔、镊子、离心管转移至手套箱中,将胶膜置于离心管中,用镊子去除钠片表面保护膜,加入到离心管中(复合钠片粗糙面为纯钠金属层,亮面为其它金属衬片)。加入电解液至离心管1/2~2/3处,将离心管等物品转移出手套箱,并做好清理,将离心管置于60℃烘箱,观测是否有气泡、钠片(粗糙面)表面现象、电解液颜色变化以及其它特殊现象,观察胶膜状态变化。若24小时后,胶膜不产生气泡、电解液未变色,则该材料耐钠金属还原能力强;若24小时后,胶膜产生气泡、电解液变色,则该材料耐钠金属还原能力弱。
3、电池循环圈数
分别取上述各实施例和对比例中的电池进行平行试验,每个电池单体在25℃下以0.33C倍率充电至电压等于3.65V,然后再以0.33C倍率放电至电压等于1.5V,测得可逆容量为C0。不断重复充电放电,直到某一次循环的放电容量Cn/C0≤80%为止,总的循环次数记为X-Cycle。其中,Cn是循环第n圈时的可逆容量。
三、各实施例、对比例测试结果分析
按照上述方法分别制备各实施例和对比例的电池,并测量各项性能参数,结果见下表。
实施例1-5的二次电池包括隔离膜和负极集流体,隔离膜包括基膜和设置在基膜至少靠近负极集流体一侧的涂层,涂层包括酯类聚合物、聚硅氧烷类聚合物、具有环状结构的酰胺类化合物中的一种或多种的共混物。
图1是实施例1的二次电池的隔离膜的扫描电镜示意图;图2是对比例3的二次电池的隔离膜的扫描电镜示意图;图3是实施例1的二次电池在满充状态下负极极片的截面的扫描电镜图;图4是对比例3的二次电池在满充状态下负极极片的截面的扫描电镜图。由图1和图2可见,实施例1中涂有涂层的隔离膜致密无孔,对比例3中不涂有涂层的隔离膜具有孔隙。由图3和图4可见,实施例1的钠金属
在负极集流体上沉积均匀,对比例3的钠金属在负极集流体上沉积不均匀。
由实施例1-5和对比例1-4的对比可见,隔离膜包括基膜和设置在基膜至少靠近负极集流体一侧的涂层,涂层包括酯类聚合物、聚硅氧烷类聚合物、具有环状结构的酰胺类化合物中的一种或多种的共混物时,可以提升电池的循环稳定性。
由实施例1-5和对比例3-4的对比可见,隔离膜的基膜上设置有聚合物涂层,可以降低隔离膜与电解液的接触角,提升隔离膜的离子电导率,提升电池的循环稳定性和安全性能。
由实施例1-5和对比例1-2对比可见,涂层采用包括酯类聚合物、聚硅氧烷类聚合物、具有环状结构的酰胺类化合物中的一种或多种的共混物时,具有强的耐钠金属还原能力的材料有利于进一步提升电池的循环稳定性。而当涂层采用不具有环状结构的酰胺类物质、硅氧烷类物质,即使制备的隔离膜具有可观的离子电导率和电解液润湿性,但由于不具有环状结构的酰胺类物质、硅氧烷类物质不耐钠金属还原,导致电池具有较差的循环稳定性,不适用于本申请隔离膜的涂层的制备。
需要说明的是,本申请不限定于上述实施方式。上述实施方式仅为示例,在本申请的技术方案范围内具有与技术思想实质相同的构成、发挥相同作用效果的实施方式均包含在本申请的技术范围内。此外,在不脱离本申请主旨的范围内,对实施方式施加本领域技术人员能够想到的各种变形、将实施方式中的一部分构成要素加以组合而构筑的其它方式也包含在本申请的范围内。
Claims (10)
- 一种二次电池,其包括隔离膜和负极集流体,其特征在于,所述隔离膜包括基膜和设置在所述基膜至少靠近所述负极集流体一侧上的涂层,所述涂层包括酯类聚合物、聚硅氧烷类聚合物、具有环状结构的酰胺类化合物中的一种或多种的共混物。
- 根据权利要求1所述的二次电池,其特征在于,所述酯类聚合物包括聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚醋酸乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚环氧乙烷和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物中的一种或多种;和/或,所述聚硅氧烷类聚合物包括聚甲基硅氧烷、聚乙烯基硅氧烷、二甲基聚硅氧烷中的一种或多种;和/或,所述具有环状结构的酰胺类化合物包括环丙基甲酰胺、N-环丙基-N-(苯基甲基)-甲酰胺中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的二次电池,其特征在于,所述酯类聚合物的重均分子量为10万-40万;和/或,所述聚硅氧烷类聚合物的重均分子量为1万-10万。
- 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的二次电池,其特征在于,所述涂层设置在所述基膜的两侧。
- 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的二次电池,其特征在于,所述涂层的厚度为1μm-5μm。
- 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的二次电池,其特征在于,所述涂层为无孔涂层。
- 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的二次电池,其特征在于,所述基膜包括聚乙烯膜、聚丙烯膜、聚酰亚胺膜中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的二次电池,其特征在于,所述基膜的厚度为3μm-30μm。
- 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的二次电池,其特征在于,所述二次电池包括无负极电池。
- 一种用电装置,其特征在于,包括权利要求1至9中任一项所述的二次电池。
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| KR20230096593A (ko) * | 2021-12-23 | 2023-06-30 | 한국전자기술연구원 | 폴리실록산 복합 분리막, 그를 포함하는 이차전지 및 그의 제조 방법 |
| CN116404265A (zh) * | 2023-06-07 | 2023-07-07 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | 一种电化学装置和电子装置 |
| WO2023196544A1 (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2023-10-12 | Celgard, Llc | Coated battery separator comprising porous polymeric coating, and battery comprising the same |
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| WO2023196544A1 (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2023-10-12 | Celgard, Llc | Coated battery separator comprising porous polymeric coating, and battery comprising the same |
| CN115347325A (zh) * | 2022-09-26 | 2022-11-15 | 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 | 一种复合隔膜及其制备方法和钠离子电池 |
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