WO2025199723A1 - 一种车载头枕 - Google Patents

一种车载头枕

Info

Publication number
WO2025199723A1
WO2025199723A1 PCT/CN2024/083712 CN2024083712W WO2025199723A1 WO 2025199723 A1 WO2025199723 A1 WO 2025199723A1 CN 2024083712 W CN2024083712 W CN 2024083712W WO 2025199723 A1 WO2025199723 A1 WO 2025199723A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sound
sound outlet
outlet hole
diaphragm
hole
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/083712
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙舒远
孟义明
张欣
黄翔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AAC Microtech Changzhou Co Ltd
Original Assignee
AAC Microtech Changzhou Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AAC Microtech Changzhou Co Ltd filed Critical AAC Microtech Changzhou Co Ltd
Priority to PCT/CN2024/083712 priority Critical patent/WO2025199723A1/zh
Priority to US18/743,085 priority patent/US12583373B2/en
Publication of WO2025199723A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025199723A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/80—Head-rests
    • B60N2/879—Head-rests with additional features not related to head-rest positioning, e.g. heating or cooling devices or loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
    • H04R1/345—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means for loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R5/00—Stereophonic arrangements
    • H04R5/02—Spatial or constructional arrangements of loudspeakers
    • H04R5/023—Spatial or constructional arrangements of loudspeakers in a chair, pillow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • H04R1/023—Screens for loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2815—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements of the bass reflex type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2205/00—Details of stereophonic arrangements covered by H04R5/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2205/024—Positioning of loudspeaker enclosures for spatial sound reproduction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2499/00—Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
    • H04R2499/10—General applications
    • H04R2499/13—Acoustic transducers and sound field adaptation in vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of automobile accessories, and in particular relates to a vehicle-mounted headrest.
  • Headrest speakers are increasingly being equipped in a growing number of models. These not only provide enhanced near-field surround sound but also offer a degree of independent navigation, calling, and voice interaction for the driver's seat. It's safe to say that headrest speakers will gradually become standard equipment in intelligent cockpits.
  • headrest speakers are limited by the size of the headrest space, resulting in relatively small sizes of the sound units or sound modules, and a huge gap in sound quality compared to the whole vehicle speakers; on the other hand, one of the original intentions of the design of headrest speakers was to provide passengers with a relatively independent and private sound area, but traditional design solutions cannot achieve better sound zoning or sound isolation effects, resulting in a poor user experience.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a vehicle headrest that can solve the technical problems of poor sound quality and privacy in the related art.
  • a vehicle headrest comprises a headrest body having a receiving cavity and a speaker module at least partially received in the receiving cavity, wherein the speaker module
  • the speaker module further comprises a sound-reflecting tube accommodated in the coupling rear cavity, the sound-reflecting tube being provided with a first opening and a second opening at both ends thereof, the first opening being connected to the back sound hole, and the second opening being connected to the coupling rear cavity, the headrest body being provided with a first sound hole running through it, the first sound hole being connected to the back sound hole.
  • the shell is completely accommodated in the accommodating cavity, and the shell includes a front cover and a rear cover that are relatively spaced apart, and a side wall connecting the front cover and the rear cover, the sound outlet hole is provided in the front cover, and the back-facing sound outlet hole is provided in the rear cover, and the headrest body is also provided with a second sound outlet hole that is arranged opposite to the sound outlet hole, and the sound waves generated by the diaphragm are transmitted to the outside world through the sound outlet hole and the second sound outlet hole.
  • the diaphragm is fixed to the front cover and covers the sound outlet hole, and the sound outlet hole is arranged opposite to the diaphragm along the vibration direction of the diaphragm.
  • the diaphragm is fixed to the side wall, and the diaphragm, the side wall and the front cover are arranged to form a sound-conducting front cavity connected to the sound outlet hole, and the sound outlet hole is staggered with the diaphragm along the vibration direction of the diaphragm.
  • the headrest body is provided with a second sound outlet hole passing through the headrest body, the shell partially extends out of the accommodating cavity through the second sound outlet hole, and the sound outlet through hole is provided outside the accommodating cavity.
  • the shell includes a front cover and a rear cover arranged relatively spaced apart, and a side wall connecting the front cover and the rear cover, the front cover and part of the side wall extend outside the accommodating cavity through the second sound outlet hole, and the sound outlet through hole is provided on the side wall.
  • a convex portion is provided on one side of the front cover close to the rear cover, and the diaphragm is The diaphragm, the side wall and the convex portion are respectively fixed to the convex portion and the side wall, and the diaphragm, the side wall and the convex portion are surrounded to form a sound-conducting front cavity connected to the sound-emitting through hole.
  • the phase of the sound radiated from the back-facing sound outlet hole and the phase of the sound radiated from the sound outlet through hole have a preset phase difference, and the value range of the preset phase difference is:
  • the sound radiated from the back-facing sound outlet hole and the sound radiated from the sound outlet through hole satisfy the following relationship:
  • U l is the volume velocity radiated from the back sound outlet hole
  • Us is the volume velocity radiated from the sound outlet through hole
  • r l is the acoustic impedance of the acoustic inverting tube
  • M l is the acoustic mass of the acoustic inverting tube
  • r b is the acoustic impedance of the coupling rear cavity
  • C b is the acoustic capacity of the coupling rear cavity
  • ⁇ is the angular frequency of the sound wave
  • j is the imaginary unit.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: because the speaker module is provided with a coupled rear cavity, the mechanical vibrations generated by the sound-generating device during operation are weakened by the structural member forming the coupled rear cavity, and the air vibrations generated by the sound-generating device during operation are isolated by the coupled rear cavity, reducing the vibration transmission to the headrest body, thereby reducing the sound radiated outward by the passive vibration of the vehicle headrest; moreover, the sound radiated in the forward direction by the sound-generating device is directly transmitted to the user's ear at the location of the vehicle headrest through the sound outlet hole, and the sound radiated in the reverse direction by the sound-generating device is isolated by the coupled rear cavity and will not be transmitted to the reverse side of the vehicle headrest or other directions, thereby improving the acoustic privacy effect of the vehicle headrest.
  • the acoustic reflection tube can transmit the sound radiated in the reverse direction of the sound-generating device to the outside of the speaker module, thereby improving the low-frequency performance of the speaker module, improving the sound quality of the vehicle headrest, and thus optimizing the acoustic experience of the vehicle headrest.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a speaker module in a vehicle headrest provided by the present invention, which is a positive sound-emitting structure;
  • FIG2 is a front view of the vehicle headrest in Example 1 provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in Figure 2;
  • FIG4 is an enlarged view of detail B in FIG3 ;
  • FIG5 is a front view of a vehicle headrest according to Example 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG6 is a cross-sectional view along the line C-C in FIG5 ;
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the vehicle headrest in Example 3 provided by the present invention.
  • FIG11 is an enlarged view of detail F in FIG10 ;
  • FIG13 is a schematic diagram comparing the acoustic isolation effects of a vehicle headrest with a speaker module and a vehicle headrest without a speaker module;
  • the sound-generating device 22 includes a diaphragm 221 for vibrating and producing sound.
  • the housing 21 is provided with a sound outlet hole 214.
  • the sound waves generated by the vibration of the diaphragm 221 are transmitted to the outside world through the sound outlet hole 214.
  • the diaphragm 221 and the housing 21 together form a coupling rear cavity 215 that is not connected to the sound outlet hole 214.
  • the housing 21 is also provided with a rear sound outlet hole 216 that communicates with the coupling rear cavity 215.
  • the speaker module 2 also includes an acoustic reflection tube 23 housed within the coupling rear cavity 215.
  • the acoustic reflection tube 23 has a first opening 231 and a second opening 232 at its ends.
  • the first opening 231 communicates with the rear sound outlet hole 216, and the second opening 232 communicates with the coupling rear cavity 215.
  • the headrest body 1 is provided with a first sound outlet hole 12 extending therethrough, communicating with the rear sound outlet hole 216.
  • the sound reflection tube 23 is provided in the coupling rear cavity 215, the sound reflection tube 23 can conduct the sound radiated in the back direction by the sound-generating device 22 to the speaker.
  • the low-frequency performance of the speaker module 2 can be improved, the sound quality of the vehicle headrest 30 can be improved, and the acoustic experience of the vehicle headrest 30 can be optimized.
  • the sound outlet hole 214 is close to the human ear side, and the back-facing sound outlet hole 216 is far away from the human ear side; reducing the passive vibration effect of the vehicle headrest 30 can also improve its pillow comfort.
  • one or more speaker modules 2 may be disposed within the headrest body 1.
  • two symmetrically distributed speaker modules 2 may be disposed within the headrest body 1.
  • One or more acoustic reflection tubes 23 may be disposed within the coupling rear cavity 215.
  • one acoustic reflection tube 23 may be disposed within the coupling rear cavity 215.
  • the speaker module 2 in the vehicle headrest 30 provided in this embodiment is a side sound-emitting structure.
  • the headrest body 1 is provided with a second sound hole ( Figure 8) passing through it. (not shown in the figure), the housing 21 partially extends out of the accommodating cavity 11 via the second sound outlet, and a sound outlet through-hole 214 is provided outside the accommodating cavity 11.
  • the housing 21 includes a front cover 212 and a rear cover 213, which are spaced apart from each other, and a side wall 211 connecting the front cover 212 and the rear cover 213.
  • the front cover 212 and a portion of the side wall 211 extend out of the accommodating cavity 11 via the second sound outlet.
  • the sound outlet through-hole 214 is provided in the side wall 211, and the axial extension direction of the sound outlet through-hole 214 is not structurally consistent with the vibration direction of the diaphragm 221.
  • a raised portion 2121 is provided on one side of the front cover 212 close to the rear cover 213.
  • the diaphragm 221 is fixed to the raised portion 2121 and the side wall 211.
  • the diaphragm 221, the side wall 211 and the raised portion 2121 are surrounded to form a sound-conducting front cavity 217 connected to the sound-emitting through hole 214.
  • the diaphragm 221 may be fixed to the side wall 111 and cover the sound outlet hole 214 provided on the side wall 211 , so that the sound waves generated by the vibration of the diaphragm 221 can be directly transmitted to the outside through the sound outlet hole 214 .
  • FIG 12 shows a schematic comparison of the acoustic performance of the speaker module 2 in the vehicle headrest 30 before and after improvements.
  • the "before” curve refers to the absence of the acoustic reflection tube 23 within the coupling rear cavity 215, as shown in curve a; the “after” curve refers to the presence of the acoustic reflection tube 23 within the coupling rear cavity 215, as shown in curve b.
  • Both curves a and b are frequency response curves measured at the user's ear with an input voltage of 1W and the microphone positioned within the vehicle headrest 30. This comparison reveals that the speaker module 2 with the acoustic reflection tube 23 within the coupling rear cavity 215 exhibits significantly improved low-frequency performance.
  • Figure 13 shows a schematic diagram comparing the acoustic isolation of a vehicle headrest 30 equipped with a speaker module 2 (curve c) and without the speaker module 2 (curve d).
  • the difference in the acoustic frequency response measured by the first microphone 10 and the second microphone 20 represents the acoustic isolation of the vehicle headrest 30 in the primary driver's seat.
  • Figure 14 shows the assembly of the vehicle headrest 30, the first microphone 10, and the second microphone 20 in a vehicle.
  • the vehicle headrest 30 is installed on the seat in the primary driver's seat, with the first microphone 10 installed at the primary driver's seat and the second microphone 20 installed at the passenger seat.
  • the comparison shows that the acoustic isolation of the vehicle headrest 30 equipped with the speaker module 2 is significantly better than that of the vehicle headrest 30 without the speaker module 2.
  • acoustic cancellation refers to adjusting the structure of the coupling rear cavity 215 and the acoustic inverting tube 23 so that there is a certain phase difference between the phase of the sound radiated back to the sound outlet 216 and the phase of the sound radiated from the sound outlet through hole 214, thereby making the amplitude of the sound after the superposition of the two smaller.
  • the sound radiated from the sound outlet hole 214 and the sound radiated from the back sound outlet hole 216 satisfy the following relationship:
  • Us is the volume velocity of the sound outlet hole 214
  • Ul is the volume velocity of the sound outlet hole 216.
  • r is the volume velocity of radiation
  • r is the acoustic impedance of the acoustic inverting tube 23
  • M is the acoustic mass of the acoustic inverting tube 23
  • r is the acoustic impedance of the coupling rear cavity 215
  • C is the acoustic capacity of the coupling rear cavity 215
  • ⁇ is the angular frequency of the sound wave
  • j is the imaginary unit.
  • w c is the resonance angular frequency of the coupled rear cavity 215 and the acoustic inverting tube 23 .
  • the structure of the coupling rear cavity 215 and the acoustic reflection tube 23 can be adjusted by adjusting the length, opening size, and opening shape of the acoustic reflection tube 23, and adjusting the shape, size, and internal filling of the coupling rear cavity 215.
  • the length, opening size, and opening shape of the acoustic reflection tube 23 can be adjusted by adjusting the shape, size, and internal filling of the coupling rear cavity 215.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种车载头枕，包括头枕本体和扬声器模组，所述扬声器模组包括固定于所述头枕本体的外壳和收容于所述外壳内的发声器件，所述发声器件包括用于振动发声的振膜，所述外壳上设有出音通孔，所述振膜和所述外壳围合形成与所述出音通孔互不连通的耦合后腔，所述外壳上还设有与所述耦合后腔连通的背向出声孔，所述扬声器模组还包括收容于所述耦合后腔内的声反相管。本发明的扬声器模组设有耦合后腔可以减小车载头枕因被动振动所产生向外辐射的声音和提升车载头枕的声学私密性效果，声反相管可以将发声器件背向辐射的声音传导至扬声器模组之外，从而可以提升扬声器模组的低频性能，改善车载头枕的音质，进而优化车载头枕的声学体验。

Description

一种车载头枕 技术领域
本发明属于汽车配件技术领域，尤其涉及一种车载头枕。
背景技术
目前，汽车座舱智能化的程度与广度越来越高，音响系统作为车载娱乐系统的重要组成部分，也被消费者所重视。其中，越来越多的车型配备的头枕音响，其不仅可以提供更好的近场环绕效果，对于主驾驶位置的乘客，还能提供一定程度上的独立导航、通话、语音交互等功能。可以说，头枕音响将逐渐成为智能座舱的标配。
在相关技术中，一方面，头枕音响受限于头枕的空间大小，导致发声单元或发声模组的尺寸都比较小，音质方面与整车音响有巨大差距；另一方面，头枕音响的设计初衷之一是希望给乘客提供相对独立和私密的声音区间，但传统的设计方案却无法实现较好的声音分区或声音隔离效果，导致用户体验不佳。
因此，有必要提供一种新的车载头枕。
技术问题
本发明的目的在于提供一种车载头枕，能够解决相关技术中音质和私密性较差的技术问题。
技术解决方案
本发明的技术方案如下：一种车载头枕，包括具有容置腔的头枕本体和至少部分收容于所述容置腔内的扬声器模组，所述扬声器模组 包括固定于所述头枕本体的外壳和收容于所述外壳内的发声器件，所述发声器件包括用于振动发声的振膜，所述外壳上设有出音通孔，所述振膜振动产生的声波经所述出音通孔传递至外界，所述振膜和所述外壳围合形成与所述出音通孔互不连通的耦合后腔，所述外壳上还设有与所述耦合后腔连通的背向出声孔，所述扬声器模组还包括收容于所述耦合后腔内的声反相管，所述声反相管设有位于其两端的第一开口和第二开口，所述第一开口与所述背向出声孔连通，所述第二开口与所述耦合后腔连通，所述头枕本体上设有贯穿其上的第一出声孔，所述第一出声孔与所述背向出声孔连通。
可选地，所述外壳完全收容于所述容置腔内，所述外壳包括相对间隔设置的前盖和后盖、以及连接所述前盖和所述后盖的侧壁，所述出音通孔设于所述前盖，所述背向出声孔设于所述后盖，所述头枕本体上还设有与所述出音通孔正对设置的第二出声孔，所述振膜产生的声波经所述出音通孔以及所述第二出声孔传递至外界。
可选地，所述振膜固定于所述前盖并覆盖所述出音通孔，所述出音通孔沿所述振膜的振动方向与所述振膜正对设置。
可选地，所述振膜固定于所述侧壁，所述振膜、所述侧壁以及所述前盖围设形成与所述出音通孔连通的导声前腔，所述出音通孔沿所述振膜的振动方向与所述振膜错位设置。
可选地，所述头枕本体上设有贯穿其上的第二出声孔，所述外壳经由所述第二出声孔部分伸出至所述容置腔外，且所述出音通孔设于所述容置腔外。
可选地，所述外壳包括相对间隔设置的前盖和后盖、以及连接所述前盖和所述后盖的侧壁，所述前盖和部分所述侧壁通过所述第二出声孔延伸至所述容置腔外，所述出音通孔设于所述侧壁。
可选地，所述前盖靠近所述后盖的一侧设有凸起部，所述振膜分 别固定于所述凸起部和所述侧壁，所述振膜、所述侧壁和所述凸起部围设形成与所述出音通孔连通的导声前腔。
可选地，所述背向出声孔辐射的声音相位与所述出音通孔辐射的声音相位具有预设相位差，所述预设相位差的取值范围为：
可选地，所述背向出声孔辐射的声音和所述出音通孔辐射的声音满足如下关系：
其中，Ul为所述背向出声孔辐射的容积速度，Us为所述出音通孔辐射的容积速度，rl为所述声反相管的声阻，Ml为所述声反相管的声质量，rb为所述耦合后腔的声阻，Cb为所述耦合后腔的声容，ω为声波的角频率，j为虚数单位。
有益效果
本发明的有益效果在于：由于扬声器模组设有耦合后腔，使得发声器件工作时产生的机械振动会被形成耦合后腔的结构件所减弱，发声器件工作时产生的空气振动会被耦合后腔所隔绝，减小向头枕本体的振动传递，从而减小车载头枕因被动振动所产生向外辐射的声音；而且，发声器件正向辐射的声音会通过出音通孔直接传递至车载头枕所在位置的用户耳中，发声器件背向辐射产生的声音会被耦合后腔所隔绝而不会传递至车载头枕的背向或其他方向，从而提升车载头枕的声学私密性效果。此外，由于在耦合后腔内设置声反相管，声反相管可以将发声器件背向辐射的声音传导至扬声器模组之外，从而可以提升扬声器模组的低频性能，改善车载头枕的音质，进而优化车载头枕的声学体验。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的车载头枕中扬声器模组为正发声结构的整体结构示意图；
图2为本发明提供的实施例1中车载头枕的主视图；
图3为图2中A-A向剖视图；
图4为图3中细节B的放大图；
图5为本发明提供的实施例2中车载头枕的主视图；
图6为图5中C-C向剖视图；
图7为图6中细节D的放大图；
图8为本发明提供的实施例3中车载头枕的整体结构示意图；
图9为本发明提供的实施例3中车载头枕的主视图；
图10为图9中E-E向的剖视图；
图11为图10中细节F的放大图；
图12为车载头枕的扬声器模组在耦合后腔内未设置声反相管以及在耦合后腔内设置有声反相管的声学性能对比示意图；
图13为车载头枕设置有扬声器模组的声学隔离度和未设置有扬声器模组的声学隔离度的效果对比示意图；
图14为车载头枕、第一传声器和第二传声器在汽车内的装配示意图。
本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图和实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。
请参阅图1至图10，本发明提供了一种车载头枕30，包括具有容 置腔11的头枕本体1和收容于容置腔11内的扬声器模组2，扬声器模组2包括固定于头枕本体1的外壳21和收容于外壳21内的发声器件22。发声器件22是一种将电信号转换为声信号的电声换能器，具体结构可根据实际使用需求设计。
请参阅图4、图7和图10，在本发明提供的实施例中，发声器件22包括用于振动发声的振膜221，外壳21上设有出音通孔214，振膜221振动产生的声波经出音通孔214传递至外界，振膜221和外壳21围合形成与出音通孔214互不连通的耦合后腔215。外壳21上还设有与耦合后腔215连通的背向出声孔216，扬声器模组2还包括收容于耦合后腔215内的声反相管23，声反相管23设有位于其两端的第一开口231和第二开口232，第一开口231与背向出声孔216连通，第二开口232与耦合后腔215连通，头枕本体1上设有贯穿其上的第一出声孔12，第一出声孔12与背向出声孔216连通。
由于扬声器模组2设有耦合后腔215，使得发声器件22工作时产生的机械振动会被形成耦合后腔215的结构件所减弱，发声器件22工作时产生的空气振动会被耦合后腔215所隔绝，减小向头枕本体1的振动传递，从而减小车载头枕30因被动振动所产生向外辐射的声音；而且，发声器件22正向辐射的声音会通过出音通孔214直接传递至车载头枕30所在位置的用户耳中，发声器件22背向辐射产生的声音会被耦合后腔215所隔绝而不会传递至车载头枕30的背向或其他方向，从而提升车载头枕30的声学私密性效果。此外，由于在耦合后腔215内设置声反相管23，声反相管23可以将发声器件22背向辐射的声音传导至扬声 器模组2之外，从而可以提升扬声器模组2的低频性能，改善车载头枕30的音质，进而优化车载头枕30的声学体验。
需要说明的是，在实际应用场景中，出音通孔214靠近人耳侧，背向出声孔216远离人耳侧；车载头枕30的被动振动效果减小还可以提升其枕靠舒适性。
在一些实施例中，头枕本体1内可以设置一个或多个扬声器模组2，例如，如图3所示，头枕本体1内设有对称分布的两扬声器模组2。耦合后腔215内可以设置一个或多个声反相管23，例如，如图3所示，耦合后腔215内设置一个声反相管23。
应当理解的是，如图1和图8所示，车载头枕30呈U形，当头枕本体1内设有两个扬声器模组2时，两个扬声器模组2分别设于头枕本体1的端部并沿车载头枕30的中心轴呈对称设置，当用户枕在车载头枕30上时，人耳分别与两个扬声器模组2相对应，进一步提升了车载头枕30的音质效果和声学私密性效果。
本发明提供的车载头枕30中扬声器模组2既可以为正发声结构，也可以为侧发声结构，具体结合以下实施例进行详细说明。
实施例1：
本实施例提供的车载头枕30中扬声器模组2为正发声结构。
请参阅图1至图4，外壳21完全收容于容置腔11内，外壳21包括相对间隔设置的前盖212和后盖213、以及连接前盖212和后盖213的侧壁 211，出音通孔214设于前盖212，背向出声孔216设于后盖213，头枕本体1上还设有与出音通孔214正对设置的第二出声孔13，振膜221产生的声波经出音通孔214以及第二出声孔13传递至外界。其中，第二出声孔13设有多个且阵列分布。
请参阅图4，振膜221固定于前盖212并覆盖出音通孔214，出音通孔214沿振膜221的振动方向与振膜221正对设置。
采用本实施例提供的扬声器模组2，可以使声音辐射传播的路径较短，从而使得声音辐射传播过程中的衰减较小。
实施例2：
请参阅图5、图6和图7，本实施例提供的车载头枕30中扬声器模组2也为正发声结构，与实施例1不同的是，振膜221固定于侧壁211，振膜221、侧壁211以及前盖212围设形成与出音通孔214连通的导声前腔217，出音通孔214沿振膜221的振动方向与振膜221错位设置。
采用本实施例提供的扬声器模组2，可以通过导声前腔217调整第二出声孔13与人耳之间的相对位置，使得第二出声孔13更贴近人耳位置，从而增加车载头枕30发声位置与人耳之间的耦合性，达到提升车载头枕30私密性的效果。
实施例3：
本实施例提供的车载头枕30中扬声器模组2为侧发声结构。
请参阅图8至图11，头枕本体1上设有贯穿其上的第二出声孔(图 中未示出)，外壳21经由第二出声孔部分伸出至容置腔11外，且出音通孔214设于容置腔11外。外壳21包括相对间隔设置的前盖212和后盖213、以及连接前盖212和后盖213的侧壁211，前盖212和部分侧壁211通过第二出声孔延伸至容置腔11外，出音通孔214设于侧壁211，出音通孔214的轴向延伸方向与振膜221的振动方向不同构。
请参阅图11，前盖212靠近后盖213的一侧设有凸起部2121，振膜221固定于凸起部2121和侧壁211，振膜221、侧壁211和凸起部2121围设形成与出音通孔214连通的导声前腔217，通过导声前腔217可以调整出音通孔214与人耳之间的相对位置，使得出音通孔214更贴近人耳位置，从而增加车载头枕30发声位置与人耳之间的耦合性，达到提升车载头枕30私密性的效果。
需要说明的是，在其它示例中，也可以设置振膜221固定于侧壁111并覆盖设于侧壁211上的出音通孔214，使得振膜221振动产生的声波可以直接通过出音通孔214传递至外界。
请参阅图12，图12为车载头枕30的扬声器模组2在改善前和改善后的声学性能对比示意图，其中，改善前指的是在耦合后腔215内未设置声反相管23，如图中的曲线a；改善后指的是在耦合后腔215内设置有声反相管23，如图中的曲线b；且图中的曲线a和b均是输入电压为1W，传声器位于车内车载头枕30所在位置的用户耳朵位置处测得得频率响应曲线。通过对比可以发现，在耦合后腔215内设置有声反相管23的扬声器模组2低频性能显著提升。
请参阅图13和图14，图13为车载头枕30设置有扬声器模组2的声学隔离度(曲线c)和未设置有扬声器模组2的声学隔离度的效果对比示意图(曲线d)，其中，第一传声器10和第二传声器20测量到的声学频率响应之差，即为主驾驶位置车载头枕30的声学隔离度。图14为车载头枕30、第一传声器10和第二传声器20在汽车内的装配示意图，其中，车载头枕30安装在主驾驶位置的座椅上，第一传声器10安装在主驾驶用户位置处，第二传声器20安装在副驾驶用户位置处。通过对比可以发现，设置有扬声器模组2的车载头枕30的声学隔离度要明显优于未设置扬声器模组2的车载头枕30的声学隔离度。
在一些实施例中，背向出声孔216辐射的声音相位与出音通孔214辐射的声音相位具有预设相位差，预设相位差的取值范围为：例如：等，从而使得背向出声孔216和出音通孔214之间产生声学抵消，减少发声器件22向前辐射的声音泄露，进一步提升车载头枕30的私密性效果。
需要说明的是，声学抵消是指调整耦合后腔215和声反相管23的结构，使得背向出声孔216辐射的声音相位与出音通孔214辐射的声音相位存在一定的相位差的，从而使两者叠加后的声音幅值更小。
具体的，出音通孔214辐射的声音和背向出声孔216辐射的声音满足如下关系：
其中，Us为出音通孔214辐射的容积速度，Ul为背向出声孔216 辐射的容积速度，rl为声反相管23的声阻，Ml为声反相管23的声质量，rb为耦合后腔215的声阻，Cb为耦合后腔215的声容，ω为声波的角频率，j为虚数单位。
对上述公式进行推理变换，则得出以下关系式：
其中，wc为耦合后腔215和声反相管23的共振角频率。
由此可见，是一个复数，并不是时时刻刻都同相位，其之间存在一个相位差φ。通过调节耦合后腔215和声反相管23的结构，可以调节这个相位差φ，使得背向出声孔216辐射的声音与出音通孔214辐射的声音叠加后的声音幅值更小，达到声学抵消的效果，从而提高车载针头的声学私密性。
具体的，调节耦合后腔215和声反相管23的结构，可以为对声反相管23的长度、开孔大小、开孔形状进行调节，对耦合后腔215的形状、大小、内填充物进行调节。例如：
在一个具体的示例中，发声器件22可以为尺寸为30mm x 60mm x 18mm的动圈式矩形扬声器，耦合后腔215的体积可以为15cc，如图3和图4所示，声反相管23的一端固定于后盖213，另一端朝发声器件22的方向延伸，声反相管23的长度可以为3cm，声反相管23与外壳21相连的一端的直径可以为2cm。
以上所述的仅是本发明的实施方式，在此应当指出，对于本领域的普 通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明创造构思的前提下，还可以做出改进，但这些均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种车载头枕，包括具有容置腔的头枕本体和至少部分收容于所述容置腔内的扬声器模组，所述扬声器模组包括固定于所述头枕本体的外壳和收容于所述外壳内的发声器件，所述发声器件包括用于振动发声的振膜，所述外壳上设有出音通孔，所述振膜振动产生的声波经所述出音通孔传递至外界，所述振膜和所述外壳围合形成与所述出音通孔互不连通的耦合后腔，其特征在于，所述外壳上还设有与所述耦合后腔连通的背向出声孔，所述扬声器模组还包括收容于所述耦合后腔内的声反相管，所述声反相管设有位于其两端的第一开口和第二开口，所述第一开口与所述背向出声孔连通，所述第二开口与所述耦合后腔连通，所述头枕本体上设有贯穿其上的第一出声孔，所述第一出声孔与所述背向出声孔连通，所述背向出声孔辐射的声音相位与所述出音通孔辐射的声音相位具有预设相位差，所述预设相位差的取值范围为：
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的车载头枕，其特征在于，所述外壳完全收容于所述容置腔内，所述外壳包括相对间隔设置的前盖和后盖、以及连接所述前盖和所述后盖的侧壁，所述出音通孔设于所述前盖，所述背向出声孔设于所述后盖，所述头枕本体上还设有与所述出音通孔正对设置的第二出声孔，所述振膜产生的声波经所述出音通孔以及所述第二出声孔传递至外界。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的车载头枕，其特征在于，所述振膜固定于所述前盖并覆盖所述出音通孔，所述出音通孔沿所述振膜的振动方向与所述振膜正对设置。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的车载头枕，其特征在于，所述振膜固定于所述侧壁，所述振膜、所述侧壁以及所述前盖围设形成与所述出音通孔连通的导声前腔，所述出音通孔沿所述振膜的振动方向与所述 振膜错位设置。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的车载头枕，其特征在于，所述头枕本体上设有贯穿其上的第二出声孔，所述外壳经由所述第二出声孔部分伸出至所述容置腔外，且所述出音通孔设于所述容置腔外。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的车载头枕，其特征在于，所述外壳包括相对间隔设置的前盖和后盖、以及连接所述前盖和所述后盖的侧壁，所述前盖和部分所述侧壁通过所述第二出声孔延伸至所述容置腔外，所述出音通孔设于所述侧壁。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的车载头枕，其特征在于，所述前盖靠近所述后盖的一侧设有凸起部，所述振膜分别固定于所述凸起部和所述侧壁，所述振膜、所述侧壁和所述凸起部围设形成与所述出音通孔连通的导声前腔。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的车载头枕，其特征在于，所述背向出声孔辐射的声音和所述出音通孔辐射的声音满足如下关系：
    其中，Ul为所述背向出声孔辐射的容积速度，Us为所述出音通孔辐射的容积速度，rl为所述声反相管的声阻，Ml为所述声反相管的声质量，rb为所述耦合后腔的声阻，Cb为所述耦合后腔的声容，ω为声波的角频率，j为虚数单位。
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