WO2025194574A1 - 混凝土内部纤维监测方法、系统、介质及产品 - Google Patents

混凝土内部纤维监测方法、系统、介质及产品

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Publication number
WO2025194574A1
WO2025194574A1 PCT/CN2024/093239 CN2024093239W WO2025194574A1 WO 2025194574 A1 WO2025194574 A1 WO 2025194574A1 CN 2024093239 W CN2024093239 W CN 2024093239W WO 2025194574 A1 WO2025194574 A1 WO 2025194574A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
concrete
fiber
tested
dielectric constant
monitoring
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Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/093239
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张鹏
于子浩
秦玲
王文涛
鲍玖文
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Qingdao University of Technology
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Qingdao University of Technology
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Application filed by Qingdao University of Technology filed Critical Qingdao University of Technology
Publication of WO2025194574A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025194574A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
    • G01N27/221—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance by investigating the dielectric properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/26—Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
    • G01R27/2617—Measuring dielectric properties, e.g. constants
    • G01R27/2623—Measuring-systems or electronic circuits

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of concrete material monitoring, and in particular to a method, system, medium and product for monitoring concrete internal fibers.
  • Fiber-reinforced concrete is gaining widespread application in modern civil engineering due to its remarkable properties, including enhanced toughness, slowed crack propagation, and improved seismic resistance.
  • FRC Fiber-reinforced concrete
  • the uniformity, orientation, and density of fiber distribution within concrete crucially influence its performance. Uneven fiber distribution can lead to subpar performance and even premature structural damage. Therefore, accurate, rapid, and real-time monitoring and analysis of the fiber distribution within concrete is crucial to ensure that the concrete achieves its expected performance and provides reliable long-term service.
  • Capacitive sensors sense the presence, location, and other properties of objects based on changes in capacitance.
  • the signal variation in a capacitive sensor depends on the spacing between the electrodes, the electrode area, and the medium in the measurement field. Therefore, commonly used capacitive sensors are categorized as variable spacing, variable area, and variable dielectric constant. Capacitive sensors are widely used in industrial, medical, and meteorological monitoring fields due to their non-contact nature, high sensitivity, fast response, wide applicability, and versatility.
  • the common technique for determining fiber distribution is to evaluate the fiber arrangement effect by measuring the change in the internal resistance of concrete using the resistance method.
  • the resistance method has some limitations, such as sensitivity to humidity and temperature, which may affect the measurement accuracy.
  • the resistance method usually requires contact with the test piece and cannot achieve non-destructive monitoring.
  • the capacitance method shows obvious advantages in detecting fibers.
  • the capacitance method is non-invasive and can be measured without contacting or destroying the concrete structure, which is crucial for protecting the integrity of the structure.
  • the capacitance method is less sensitive to environmental factors such as humidity and temperature, and therefore can provide more stable and reliable measurement results.
  • the capacitance method can provide a faster response time, which is particularly important for real-time monitoring. Therefore, the development of fiber distribution monitoring technology based on capacitance method can overcome the limitations of resistance method and provide a more accurate and efficient monitoring method.
  • the capacitance method by measuring the capacitance of a medium, certain properties or states of the medium can be inferred.
  • the capacitance method is applicable in a variety of fields, such as metallurgy, electricity, chemicals, medicine, and energy, for monitoring material properties, mixing processes, diffusion processes, and more.
  • the capacitance method can detect the distribution and arrangement of internal fibers by measuring changes in capacitance within the concrete.
  • the non-invasive and rapid response characteristics of this technology enable real-time monitoring of changes within concrete, providing important information in the fields of construction and engineering. Its advantages include non-invasiveness, rapid response, wide applicability, low cost, and no concerns about radiation. Precisely because of these advantages, the capacitance method shows great potential for detecting the internal fiber arrangement of fiber-reinforced concrete. In particular, its non-invasiveness and rapid response give it significant advantages in real-time monitoring and detection of fiber distribution within concrete.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method, system, medium and product for monitoring fibers inside concrete, which can realize accurate, rapid and quantitative monitoring of fibers inside concrete.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a method for monitoring fibers inside concrete includes:
  • a capacitance sensor is used to measure the capacitance value of the concrete to be tested
  • the dielectric constant of the concrete to be tested, the dielectric constant of the target concrete and the dielectric constant of the fiber-free concrete are input into the prediction model to obtain the measured fiber direction effective coefficient of the concrete to be tested as the monitoring result of the concrete to be tested.
  • d represents the distance between the two electrodes of the capacitance sensor
  • S represents the area of the two electrodes of the capacitance sensor
  • C represents the capacitance value of the concrete to be tested
  • ⁇ measured represents the dielectric constant of the concrete to be tested.
  • ⁇ measured represents the dielectric constant of the concrete to be tested;
  • ⁇ represents the increase in relative dielectric constant caused by the fiber;
  • ⁇ 1 represents the dielectric constant of the concrete without fiber;
  • ⁇ 2 represents the dielectric constant of the target concrete;
  • K 1 represents the effective coefficient of the measured fiber direction of the concrete to be tested.
  • the method for monitoring internal fibers of concrete further includes:
  • the fiber data includes the number of fibers, the fiber length, and the angle between each fiber and the normal line of the fracture surface;
  • the fiber data of the concrete to be tested is input into the first fiber effective coefficient relationship model to obtain the scanning fiber direction effective coefficient of the concrete to be tested.
  • the first fiber effective coefficient relationship model is:
  • K X-CT represents the effective coefficient of the scanning fiber direction of the concrete to be tested
  • n represents the number of fibers
  • l represents the fiber length
  • cos ⁇ i represents the angle between the i-th fiber and the normal to the fracture surface.
  • the method for monitoring internal fibers of concrete further includes:
  • the measured fiber direction effective coefficient of the concrete to be tested is input into the second fiber effective coefficient relationship model to obtain the scanned fiber direction effective coefficient of the concrete to be tested.
  • K1 represents the effective coefficient of the fiber direction of the concrete to be tested
  • a represents the first fitting parameter
  • b represents the second fitting parameter
  • K X-CT represents the effective coefficient of the scanning fiber direction of the concrete to be tested.
  • a computer system includes: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor.
  • the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the above-mentioned method for monitoring internal fibers of concrete.
  • a computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-mentioned method for monitoring internal fibers of concrete.
  • a computer program product includes a computer program, which implements the steps of the above-mentioned method for monitoring internal fibers of concrete when executed by a processor.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention discloses a method, system, medium and product for monitoring fibers inside concrete.
  • the method comprises the following steps: obtaining concrete to be tested; measuring the capacitance value of the concrete to be tested by using a capacitance sensor; inputting the capacitance value of the concrete to be tested into a dielectric constant calculation formula to obtain the dielectric constant of the concrete to be tested; obtaining the dielectric constant of a target concrete and the dielectric constant of fiber-free concrete; inputting the dielectric constant of the concrete to be tested, the dielectric constant of the target concrete and the dielectric constant of the fiber-free concrete into a prediction model to obtain a measured fiber directional effective coefficient of the concrete to be tested as a monitoring result of the concrete to be tested.
  • the present invention can realize accurate, rapid and quantitative monitoring of fibers inside concrete.
  • FIG1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for monitoring internal fibers of concrete provided by the present invention.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of fiber preparation and arrangement according to the present invention.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the detection principle of capacitance value according to the present invention.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the operation process flow of the present invention.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method, system, medium and product for monitoring fibers inside concrete, aiming to realize visual quantitative detection of fiber distribution inside fiber concrete, and provide theoretical support for performance optimization and long-term stability of fiber concrete.
  • the capacitance sensor of the present invention is a variable dielectric constant capacitance sensor. Its detection principle is that concrete and fiber have different dielectric constants. When fiber is mixed into concrete, it will cause the mixture to Changes in the dielectric constant of the medium (fiber concrete) cause changes in the capacitance value. By collecting changes in the signal from the capacitance sensor, information about the number of fibers within the concrete can be obtained. Simultaneously, changes in the orientation of the fibers within the concrete within the capacitance sensor's measurement field will affect the distribution of the electric field, similarly causing changes in the measured capacitance signal. By establishing a quantitative equation to analyze these changes in the capacitance signal, information about the orientation of the fibers within the concrete can be obtained. Because concrete is an insulator and steel is a conductor, and there are significant differences in their charge storage capacity, the capacitance method is more sensitive to the presence of fibers in concrete and changes in their state, effectively providing researchers with quantitative information on the distribution of fibers within concrete.
  • a method for monitoring fibers inside concrete in this embodiment includes:
  • Step 101 Obtain concrete to be tested.
  • Step 102 Using a capacitance sensor to measure the capacitance value of the concrete to be tested.
  • Step 103 Input the capacitance value of the concrete to be tested into a dielectric constant calculation formula to obtain the dielectric constant of the concrete to be tested.
  • d represents the distance between the two electrodes of the capacitance sensor
  • S represents the area of the two electrodes of the capacitance sensor
  • C represents the capacitance value of the concrete to be tested
  • ⁇ measured represents the dielectric constant of the concrete to be tested.
  • Step 104 Obtain the dielectric constant of the target concrete and the dielectric constant of the fiber-free concrete.
  • the target concrete was an ideal concrete.
  • the preparation method involved adding some concrete to the bottom of the mold, then laying horizontally arranged fibers on top of this concrete. This was done to test the effect of horizontally arranged fibers on capacitance relative to the ideal state. After pouring, the concrete slurry was thoroughly vibrated to ensure that there were no bubbles in the concrete slurry. After curing for 24 hours, the concrete was gently demolded to obtain the desired shape. To prepare for further experiments, the concrete specimens were placed in a standard curing chamber and cured for another 28 days. After cleaning, the components were dried to a constant weight in preparation for subsequent experiments.
  • Step 105 Input the dielectric constant of the concrete to be tested, the dielectric constant of the target concrete and the dielectric constant of the fiber-free concrete into the prediction model to obtain the measured fiber direction of the concrete to be tested.
  • the effective coefficient is used as the monitoring result of the concrete to be tested.
  • ⁇ measured represents the dielectric constant of the concrete to be tested;
  • ⁇ represents the increase in relative dielectric constant caused by the fiber;
  • ⁇ 1 represents the dielectric constant of the concrete without fiber;
  • ⁇ 2 represents the dielectric constant of the target concrete;
  • K 1 represents the effective coefficient of the measured fiber direction of the concrete to be tested.
  • K1 reflects the effectiveness of fiber alignment within concrete. A higher K1 value indicates near-ideal fiber alignment, potentially improving concrete performance. Conversely, a lower K1 value may indicate that fiber alignment needs to be optimized. A statistical analysis of the K1 values calculated for all specimens quantitatively analyzes the fiber alignment within concrete to optimize its mechanical and durability properties.
  • the method for monitoring fibers inside concrete further includes:
  • the concrete to be tested is scanned to obtain image data of the concrete to be tested.
  • Fiber data of the concrete to be tested is obtained based on the image data; the fiber data includes the number of fibers, the fiber length, and the angle between each fiber and the normal line of the fracture surface.
  • the fiber data of the concrete to be tested is input into the first fiber effective coefficient relationship model to obtain the scanning fiber direction effective coefficient of the concrete to be tested.
  • K X-CT represents the effective coefficient of the scanning fiber direction of the concrete to be tested
  • n represents the number of fibers
  • l represents the fiber length
  • cos ⁇ i represents the angle between the i-th fiber and the normal to the fracture surface.
  • the method for monitoring fibers inside concrete further includes:
  • the measured fiber direction effective coefficient of the concrete to be tested is input into the second fiber effective coefficient relationship model to obtain the scanned fiber direction effective coefficient of the concrete to be tested.
  • K1 represents the effective coefficient of the fiber direction of the concrete to be tested
  • a represents the first fitting parameter
  • b represents the second fitting parameter
  • K X-CT represents the effective coefficient of the scanning fiber direction of the concrete to be tested.
  • the present invention provides an embodiment for demonstrating that the present invention can realize accurate, rapid and quantitative monitoring of fibers inside concrete, taking the monitoring of steel fiber concrete as an example, but is not limited to steel fiber concrete, and can also be used for monitoring other similar building materials that can cause changes in the capacitance value of the test block (such as concrete steel bar corrosion, dielectric transmission, etc.).
  • self-compacting concrete is prepared by mixing appropriate amounts of cement, fine aggregate, and water at a certain water-cement ratio and steel fiber volume content in a standardized ratio.
  • a mold that meets the size requirements is selected, cleaned, and oiled to facilitate demoulding of the test block.
  • Two casting methods are used. The first is to add some concrete to the bottom of the mold, and then lay horizontally arranged steel fibers on this basis to test the effect of horizontally arranged steel fibers on capacitance under relatively ideal conditions.
  • the second is to use an L-shaped casting device to induce flow-induced steel fiber orientation to test the change in capacitance of steel fiber-oriented concrete in actual engineering.
  • the first method is used to prepare the target steel fiber concrete test block, that is, the ideal state steel fiber concrete test block, as shown in Figure 2.
  • the second method is used to prepare the sample steel fiber concrete test block, and multiple sample steel fiber concrete test blocks can be prepared.
  • each test block is numbered, and the steel fiber arrangement angle and laying order are recorded. After pouring, the concrete is covered with plastic wrap or damp linen and placed in a curing box. Maintaining the required temperature and humidity allows the test blocks to cure within 24 hours. After curing, the test blocks are gently removed from the mold and placed in a standard curing room for 28 days before drying to constant weight to minimize moisture-induced errors.
  • the test environment is first set to ensure that each test block is measured under the same temperature and humidity conditions.
  • the capacitance measurement equipment LCR digital bridge can be used
  • Each test block is numbered before measurement to facilitate subsequent data tracking and analysis.
  • the parallel plate capacitance sensor is connected to the digital bridge through the electrode leads, ensuring that one electrode is connected to the L port, the other electrode is connected to the H port, and the shield device is connected to the ground port.
  • a digital bridge was activated and the capacitance value of the non-fibered concrete block was recorded as a baseline.
  • the changes in dielectric constant caused by the steel fiber arrangement can be determined.
  • the capacitance value of the steel fiber concrete test block without steel fiber is tested as the reference value of dielectric constant ⁇ 1
  • the capacitance value of the steel fiber concrete test block in ideal state is tested ⁇ 2
  • the capacitance value of the test sample steel fiber concrete test block is ⁇ measured .
  • the steel fiber reinforced concrete specimen is scanned by X-CT to provide a high-resolution three-dimensional image of the interior of the steel fiber reinforced concrete specimen, revealing the spatial distribution and orientation of the fibers.
  • the spatial position and orientation of each fiber in the specimen are analyzed and statistically analyzed using the X-CT image data.
  • the statistical data includes the number of fibers and the angle ⁇ i between each fiber and the cross-section normal. According to the formula Calculate K X-CT .
  • K1 a ⁇ K1 -CT + b (where a and b are regression parameters).
  • Reliable relationship models include, but are not limited to, linear functions.
  • MSE mean square error
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the present invention utilizes capacitance measurement technology to monitor fiber arrangement.
  • the present invention does not cause any invasive damage to concrete and does not affect the performance and life of the material itself.
  • the present invention can monitor the arrangement of fibers inside concrete in real time through changes in the electromagnetic field, provide continuous data, and monitor the dynamic changes of the fiber arrangement inside concrete over time in real time, providing a more convenient method for studying and evaluating the influence of external environments such as different environments and loads on the arrangement of steel fibers inside concrete.
  • This invention uses capacitance measurement technology to calculate K 1 , providing an innovative approach for accurately evaluating the fiber arrangement within steel fiber reinforced concrete. By quantifying the effect of steel fibers on the dielectric properties of concrete, the effectiveness of the fiber arrangement can be intuitively determined, allowing for rapid assessment of concrete structural performance without damaging the material, improving testing efficiency.
  • the present invention combines capacitance measurement technology with X-ray computed tomography technology to achieve a more comprehensive and accurate assessment of steel fiber distribution in concrete.
  • This data fusion not only enhances the accuracy of fiber distribution assessment, but also establishes a relationship model between the two technologies through regression analysis using MATLAB software, enabling effective data calibration.
  • This innovative method not only improves assessment efficiency but also provides a more scientific basis for the design and construction of concrete structures.
  • the present invention uses advanced capacitance measurement technology to monitor and analyze the fiber arrangement in concrete.
  • capacitance measurement technology can provide real-time fiber distribution data without damaging the concrete structure, greatly enriching the depth and breadth of material testing and evaluation.
  • a method based on dielectric constant is proposed.
  • the calculation formula of the fiber direction effective coefficient of the variable is developed, and combined with X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) technology, the two methods are compared to obtain the fiber direction effective coefficient and a relationship model between the parameters obtained by the two technologies is established, thus providing a comprehensive and accurate perspective for the internal structure evaluation of concrete.
  • X-CT X-ray computed tomography
  • a computer system includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor.
  • the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method for monitoring internal fibers of concrete in embodiment 1.
  • a computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for monitoring internal fibers of concrete in embodiment 1.
  • a computer program product includes a computer program, which implements the steps of the method for monitoring internal fibers of concrete in embodiment 1 when executed by a processor.
  • a computer device which may be a database.
  • the computer device includes a processor, a memory, an input/output interface (I/O), and a communication interface.
  • the processor, memory, and I/O interface are connected via a system bus, and the communication interface is connected to the system bus via the I/O interface.
  • the processor of the computer device is used to provide computing and control capabilities.
  • the memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory.
  • the non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system, a computer program, and a database.
  • the internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer program in the non-volatile storage medium.
  • the database of the computer device is used to store pending transactions.
  • the I/O interface of the computer device is used to exchange information between the processor and an external device.
  • the communication interface of the computer device is used to communicate with an external terminal via a network connection.
  • object information including but not limited to object device information, object personal information, etc.
  • data including but not limited to data used for analysis, stored data, displayed data, etc.
  • any reference to memory, database or other media used in the embodiments provided by the present invention can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory.
  • Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc.
  • Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc.
  • RAM may be in various forms, such as static random access memory (SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (DRAM).
  • the database involved in each embodiment provided by the present invention may include at least one of a relational database and a non-relational database.
  • Non-relational databases may include, but are not limited to, distributed databases based on blockchains.
  • the processor involved in each embodiment provided by the present invention may be a general-purpose processor, a central processing unit, a graphics processor, a digital signal processor, a programmable logic device, a data processing logic device based on quantum computing, etc., but are not limited to this.

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Abstract

本发明公开一种混凝土内部纤维监测方法、系统、介质及产品，涉及混凝土材料监测技术领域，方法包括获取待测混凝土；采用电容传感器测量待测混凝土的电容值；将待测混凝土的电容值输入至介电常数计算公式中，得到待测混凝土的介电常数；获取目标混凝土的介电常数和无纤维混凝土的介电常数；将待测混凝土的介电常数、目标混凝土的介电常数和无纤维混凝土的介电常数输入至预测模型中，得到待测混凝土的测量纤维方向有效系数作为待测混凝土的监测结果，本发明可实现混凝土内部纤维的精确、快速、定量监测。

Description

混凝土内部纤维监测方法、系统、介质及产品
本申请要求于2024年03月18日提交中国专利局、申请号为202410304564.8、发明名称为“混凝土内部纤维监测方法、系统、介质及产品”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及混凝土材料监测技术领域，特别是涉及一种混凝土内部纤维监测方法、系统、介质及产品。
背景技术
纤维混凝土因其增强韧性、延缓裂纹扩展和提高抗震性等显著特性，逐渐在现代土木工程建设中得到广泛的应用。然而，纤维在混凝土中的分布均匀性、方向和密度对其性能有着决定性的影响。不均匀的纤维分布可能导致材料性能低于预期，甚至导致初期的结构损伤。因此，为了确保混凝土达到预期性能，并为长期服务提供可靠的保障，对其内部纤维的排布进行精确、快速以及实时的监测和分析尤为关键。
电容传感器基于电容的变化来感知物体的存在、位置和其他属性。电容传感器的信号变化取决于电极间的间距、电极的面积及测量场域的介质，因此常用的电容传感器分为变间距型、变面积型和变介电常数型。电容传感器因其具有非接触性、高灵敏度、快速响应、适用性强和多功能性的优点，已被广泛地应用于工业领域、医疗领域和气象监测等方面。
目前，通过电阻法测量混凝土内部电阻的变化来评价纤维的排布效果是测定纤维分布的常用技术。然而，电阻法存在一些局限性，例如对湿度和温度敏感，这可能影响测量精度。此外，电阻法通常需要与被测试件接触，无法实现无损监测。与之相比，电容法在检测纤维方面显示出明显的优势。首先，电容法是非侵入性的，可以在不接触或不破坏混凝土结构的情况下进行测量，这对于保护结构的完整性至关重要。其次，电容法对环境因素如湿度和温度的敏感性较低，因此能提供更稳定和可靠的测量结果。此外，电容法能够提供更快的响应时间，这对于实时监测尤为重要。 因此，开发基于电容法的纤维分布监测技术能够克服电阻法的局限，提供更准确、高效的监测手段。
在电容法中，通过测量介质的电容值，可以推断出介质的某些属性或状态。电容法适用于多种领域，如冶金、电力、化工、医药和能源等，用于监测物料的特性、混合过程、扩散过程等。在纤维混凝土材料的应用中，电容法可以通过测量混凝土内部的电容值变化，来探测内部纤维的分布和排列情况。这一技术的非侵入性和快速响应特点使其能够实时监测混凝土内部的变化，从而在建筑和工程领域提供重要的信息。其优点包括非侵入性、快速响应、适用范围广、成本低和无需担心辐射问题。正因为这些优点，电容法在纤维混凝土的内部纤维排布探测上显示出极高的潜力。特别是其非侵入性和响应速度快的特点，使其在实时监测和探测混凝土内部纤维分布上有着显著的优势。
近年来，随着技术的不断进步，电容法在多个领域得到了广泛的应用，但在纤维混凝土的研究中，其应用仍然相对有限。因此，开发一种能够准确、快速并实时地为纤维混凝土内部纤维分布提供定量数据的方法，不仅可以优化材料的生产和施工，还可以为其工程应用提供有力的支持。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种混凝土内部纤维监测方法、系统、介质及产品，可实现混凝土内部纤维的精确、快速、定量监测。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下技术方案：
一种混凝土内部纤维监测方法包括：
获取待测混凝土；
采用电容传感器测量待测混凝土的电容值；
将待测混凝土的电容值输入至介电常数计算公式中，得到待测混凝土的介电常数；
获取目标混凝土的介电常数和无纤维混凝土的介电常数；
将待测混凝土的介电常数、目标混凝土的介电常数和无纤维混凝土的介电常数输入至预测模型中，得到待测混凝土的测量纤维方向有效系数作为待测混凝土的监测结果。
可选地，所述介电常数计算公式为：
εmeasured＝Cd/S；
其中，d表示电容传感器两电极间的距离；S表示电容传感器两电极的面积，C表示待测混凝土的电容值；εmeasured表示待测混凝土的介电常数。
可选地，所述预测模型为：
Δε＝εmeasured-ε1；
K1＝Δε/(ε2-ε1)；
其中，εmeasured表示待测混凝土的介电常数；Δε表示纤维引起的相对介电常数的增加量；ε1表示无纤维混凝土的介电常数；ε2表示目标混凝土的介电常数；K1表示待测混凝土的测量纤维方向有效系数。
可选地，所述混凝土内部纤维监测方法还包括：
对待测混凝土进行扫描，得到待测混凝土的图像数据；
基于所述图像数据得到待测混凝土的纤维数据；所述纤维数据包括纤维数量、纤维长度以及每根纤维与断裂面法线的夹角；
将待测混凝土的纤维数据输入至第一纤维有效系数关系模型中，得到待测混凝土的扫描纤维方向有效系数。
可选地，所述第一纤维有效系数关系模型为：
其中，KX-CT表示待测混凝土的扫描纤维方向有效系数；n表示纤维数量；l表示纤维长度；cosθi表示第i根纤维与断裂面法线的夹角。
可选地，所述混凝土内部纤维监测方法还包括：
将待测混凝土的测量纤维方向有效系数输入至第二纤维有效系数关系模型中，得到待测混凝土的扫描纤维方向有效系数。
可选地，所述第二纤维有效系数关系模型为：
K1＝a×KX-CT+b；
其中，K1表示待测混凝土的纤维方向有效系数；a表示第一拟合参数；b表示第二拟合参数；KX-CT表示待测混凝土的扫描纤维方向有效系数。
一种计算机系统，包括：存储器、处理器以及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序以实现上述所述的混凝土内部纤维监测方法的步骤。
一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，该计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述所述的混凝土内部纤维监测方法的步骤。
一种计算机程序产品，包括计算机程序，该计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述所述的混凝土内部纤维监测方法的步骤。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果：
本发明公开一种混凝土内部纤维监测方法、系统、介质及产品，方法包括获取待测混凝土；采用电容传感器测量待测混凝土的电容值；将待测混凝土的电容值输入至介电常数计算公式中，得到待测混凝土的介电常数；获取目标混凝土的介电常数和无纤维混凝土的介电常数；将待测混凝土的介电常数、目标混凝土的介电常数和无纤维混凝土的介电常数输入至预测模型中，得到待测混凝土的测量纤维方向有效系数作为待测混凝土的监测结果，本发明可实现混凝土内部纤维的精确、快速、定量监测。
说明书附图
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明：
图1为本发明提供的混凝土内部纤维监测方法流程示意图；
图2为本发明涉及的纤维制备及排布示意图；
图3为本发明涉及的电容值的检测原理示意图；
图4为本发明的操作工艺流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中技术方案进行详细的描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例；基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的目的是提供一种混凝土内部纤维监测方法、系统、介质及产品，旨在实现纤维混凝土内部纤维分布的可视化定量探测，为纤维混凝土的性能优化和长期稳定性提供理论支持。
本发明涉及的电容传感器为变介电常数型电容传感器，其检测原理是：混凝土和纤维具有不同的介电常数，当混凝土内掺入纤维时，会导致混合 介质(纤维混凝土)的介电常数发生变化，进而引起电容值的变化，通过电容传感器采集信号的变化，即可获得混凝土内纤维的数量信息。同时，电容传感器测量场域混凝土内部纤维方向的改变，会影响电场的分布，同样会引起所测电容信号的变化，通过建立定量方程分析电容信号的变化即可得到混凝土内纤维的方向信息。由于混凝土为绝缘体而钢材为导体，两者在存储电荷能力方面有显著的区别，故电容法对混凝土中纤维的存在及其状态的改变较为敏感，能够有效地为研究者提供混凝土内部纤维分布的定量信息。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
实施例1
如图1所示，本实施例中的一种混凝土内部纤维监测方法，所述混凝土内部纤维监测方法包括：
步骤101：获取待测混凝土。
步骤102：采用电容传感器测量待测混凝土的电容值。
步骤103：将待测混凝土的电容值输入至介电常数计算公式中，得到待测混凝土的介电常数。
所述介电常数计算公式为：
εmeasured＝Cd/S
其中，d表示电容传感器两电极间的距离；S表示电容传感器两电极的面积，C表示待测混凝土的电容值；εmeasured表示待测混凝土的介电常数。
步骤104：获取目标混凝土的介电常数和无纤维混凝土的介电常数。
目标混凝土为理想状态混凝土，制备方法为在模具底部加入部分混凝土，随后在此基础上平铺水平排布的纤维，以测试相对理想状态下，水平排布的纤维对电容值的影响。浇筑完成后，进行充分振实，确保混凝土浆中无气泡。经过24小时固化后，轻柔脱模，得到预定形状的构件。为进一步的实验准备，将混凝土试块置于标准养护室中继续养护28天。这些构件在清洗后进行干燥处理直至恒重，为后续实验做好准备。
步骤105：将待测混凝土的介电常数、目标混凝土的介电常数和无纤维混凝土的介电常数输入至预测模型中，得到待测混凝土的测量纤维方向 有效系数作为待测混凝土的监测结果。
所述预测模型为：
Δε＝εmeasured-ε1
K1＝Δε/(ε2-ε1)
其中，εmeasured表示待测混凝土的介电常数；Δε表示纤维引起的相对介电常数的增加量；ε1表示无纤维混凝土的介电常数；ε2表示目标混凝土的介电常数；K1表示待测混凝土的测量纤维方向有效系数。
K1反映了纤维在混凝土中排布的有效性，其中较高的K1值指示纤维排布接近理想状态，从而可能有效提高混凝土的性能。相反，较低的K1值则可能意味着纤维排布效果有待优化。对所有试块计算得到的K1值进行统计分析，定量分析混凝土内部纤维的排布情况，以优化混凝土的力学性能和耐久性能。
作为一种实施例，所述混凝土内部纤维监测方法还包括：
对待测混凝土进行扫描，得到待测混凝土的图像数据。
基于所述图像数据得到待测混凝土的纤维数据；所述纤维数据包括纤维数量、纤维长度以及每根纤维与断裂面法线的夹角。
将待测混凝土的纤维数据输入至第一纤维有效系数关系模型中，得到待测混凝土的扫描纤维方向有效系数。
所述第一纤维有效系数关系模型为：
其中，KX-CT表示待测混凝土的扫描纤维方向有效系数；n表示纤维数量；l表示纤维长度；cosθi表示第i根纤维与断裂面法线的夹角。
作为一种实施例，所述混凝土内部纤维监测方法还包括：
将待测混凝土的测量纤维方向有效系数输入至第二纤维有效系数关系模型中，得到待测混凝土的扫描纤维方向有效系数。
所述第二纤维有效系数关系模型为：
K1＝a×KX-CT+b
其中，K1表示待测混凝土的纤维方向有效系数；a表示第一拟合参数；b表示第二拟合参数；KX-CT表示待测混凝土的扫描纤维方向有效系数。
本发明提供一个实施例用于证实本发明可以实现混凝土内部纤维的精确、快速、定量监测，以钢纤维混凝土的监测为例，但不仅限于钢纤维混凝土，也可用于其他能够引起试块电容值发生变化的类似建筑材料(如混凝土钢筋锈蚀，介质传输等)的监测。
(1)制备混凝土试块
为避免振动过程对钢纤维排布造成不利影响，在水灰比及钢纤维体积掺量一定的情况下，混合适量的水泥、细骨料和水，按照标准化配比制备自密实混凝土。选择满足尺寸要求的模具，对其进行清洁和涂油处理，以便于试块的脱模。使用两种浇筑方式，第一种是用在模具底部加入部分混凝土，随后在此基础上平铺水平排布的钢纤维，以测试相对理想状态下，水平排布的钢纤维对电容值的影响；第二种是使用L型浇筑装置，流动诱导钢纤维定向，以测试实际工程中钢纤维定向混凝土的电容值变化情况。
采用第一种方式制备目标钢纤维混凝土试块即理想状态钢纤维混凝土试块，如图2所示。采用第二种方式制备样本钢纤维混凝土试块，可以制备多个样本钢纤维混凝土试块。
在混凝土初凝前，对每个试块进行编号，记录下每个试块的钢纤维排布角度和铺设顺序。混凝土浇筑完成后，覆盖保鲜膜或湿麻布，放置于养护箱中，保持一定的温度和湿度条件，使试块在24小时内固化。固化完成后，轻柔脱模，并将试块继续放置于标准养护室中，养护28天后烘干至恒重，以减小水分对测试产生的误差。
(2)测定介电常数
如图3和图4所示，首先设定测试环境以确保各试块在相同的温度和湿度条件下进行测量。测试开始前，将电容测量设备(可用LCR数字电桥)进行预热约30分钟，以稳定其性能。每个试块在测量前进行编号，以便于后续数据跟踪和分析。然后，将平行板电容传感器通过电极引线连接到数字电桥，确保一块电极连接到L端口，另一块电极连接到H端口，同时屏蔽装置连接到ground端口。
从标准养护室中取出试块，为了计算介电常数的增加量，还需测量一个无钢纤维混凝土试块作为基准的介电常数值。这样，通过比较钢纤维混凝土试块与理想状态钢纤维混凝土试块的介电常数值，可以确定由钢纤维 排布引起的介电常数变化。测试无纤维混凝土试块的电容值，作为介电常数的基准值ε1，随后，依次放置理想状态钢纤维混凝土试块和样本钢纤维混凝土试块在电容传感器中，使用夹具固定，以保证测量的一致性和准确性。打开数字电桥，记录无钢纤维混凝土试块的电容值作为基准。接着，测量理想状态钢纤维混凝土试块和样本钢纤维混凝土试块的电容值，并仔细记录。每个试块都要进行至少测试3次，以计算出平均电容值，减少随机误差的影响。根据电容传感器两电极间的距离d和电极面积S，以及测得的电容值C，使用公式ε＝Cd/S转换得到每个试块的介电常数ε，对比各试块的介电常数值，确定纤维排布对介电性的具体影响。通过比较理想状态钢纤维混凝土试块和样本钢纤维混凝土试块的介电常数值，可以确定由钢纤维排布引起的介电常数变化。测试无钢纤维混凝土试块的电容值，作为介电常数的基准值ε1，测试理想状态钢纤维混凝土试块的电容值ε2，测试样本钢纤维混凝土试块的电容值为εmeasured。
(3)钢纤维方向有效系数计算
为了详细计算纤维方向有效系数，首先通过(2)的方法得到ε2，并据此计算钢纤维对介电性质的影响。基于(2)中得到的每个试块的Δε；然后计算纤维方向有效系数K1，并定义为相对介电常数变化与钢纤维理想水平排布状态下电容值的比例：K1＝Δε/(ε2-ε1)。
基于得到的介电常数，计算K1。基于(2)中得到的每个试块的Δε；然后计算K1，其中K1定义为相对介电常数变化与纤维理想水平排布状态下电容值的比例，即K1＝Δε/(ε2-ε1)。通过对所有试块计算得到的K1值进行统计分析，不仅能够定量分析混凝土内部纤维的排布情况，而且通过与混凝土力学及耐久性指标进行相关性分析，还能进一步了解不同排布状态对混凝土性能的影响。
(4)构建和校准纤维有效系数关系模型
对电容测量后的样本钢纤维混凝土试块进行X-CT扫描，以提供样本钢纤维混凝土试块内部的高分辨率三维图像，揭示纤维的空间分布和方向。通过X-CT图像数据，分析和统计试块内部各个纤维的空间位置和方向。统计数据包括纤维数量以及每根纤维与断面法线的夹角θi，根据公式 计算KX-CT。
将每个试块的K1和KX-CT进行对比分析，通过MATLAB软件对K1和KX-CT的数据进行回归分析，建立一个可靠的关系模型K1＝a×KX-CT+b(式中a和b分别为回归的参数)，可靠关系模型包括但不局限于一次函数形式，通过计算并对比各模型的均方误差，量化模型预测值与实际观测值之间的差异，误差越小，模型的准确性和可靠性越高。通过比较不同模型的均方误差，可以选择误差最小的模型，以此作为评估混凝土中钢纤维排布的最优关系模型。建立的可靠关系模型用于校准和验证由电容法得到的纤维方向有效系数，从而提高混凝土中钢纤维排布评估的准确性。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下优势：
(1)本发明利用电容测量技术进行纤维排布监测，本发明不会对混凝土造成任何侵入性损伤，不影响材料本身的性能和寿命。
(2)本发明能够通过电磁场的变化，实时监测混凝土内部纤维的排布，提供连续的数据并实时监测混凝土内部纤维排布随时间的动态变化，为研究不同环境及荷载等外部环境对混凝土内部钢纤维排布的影响及评价提供更为便捷的方法。
(3)本发明基于电容测量技术，计算K1，为准确评估钢纤维混凝土内部纤维排布提供一个创新的技术途径。通过量化钢纤维对混凝土介电性质的影响，能够直观地判断纤维排布的有效性，从而在不破坏材料的情况下，快速评估混凝土的结构性能，提高测试效率。
(4)本发明结合电容测量技术和X射线计算机断层扫描技术，能够实现混凝土中钢纤维排布更为全面和精确的评估。这种数据融合不仅增强了纤维排布评估的准确性，还通过MATLAB软件进行的回归分析，以建立两种技术之间的关系模型，实现数据的有效校准。这一创新方法不仅提高了评估效率，还为混凝土结构的设计和施工提供了更加科学的依据。
综上所述，本发明利用先进的电容测量技术，对混凝土中纤维排布进行监测和分析。相较于传统的电阻测量等监测手段，电容测量技术能够在不损害混凝土结构的前提下，实时提供纤维分布的数据，极大地丰富了材料测试和评估的深度与广度。基于介电常数的变化，提出了以介电常数为 变量的纤维方向有效系数计算公式，并结合X射线计算机断层扫描(X-CT)技术，对比两种方法得到纤维方向有效系数并建立两种技术所得参数之间的关系模型，从而为混凝土的内部结构评估提供了全面而精确的视角。
实施例2
一种计算机系统，包括：存储器、处理器以存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，处理器执行计算机程序以实现实施例1中的混凝土内部纤维监测方法的步骤。
实施例3
一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，该计算机程序被处理器执行时实现实施例1中的混凝土内部纤维监测方法的步骤。
实施例4
一种计算机程序产品，包括计算机程序，该计算机程序被处理器执行时实现实施例1中的混凝土内部纤维监测方法的步骤。
实施例5
一种计算机设备，该计算机设备可以是数据库。该计算机设备包括处理器、存储器、输入/输出接口(Input/Output，简称I/O)和通信接口。其中，处理器、存储器和输入/输出接口通过系统总线连接，通信接口通过输入/输出接口连接到系统总线。其中，该计算机设备的处理器用于提供计算和控制能力。该计算机设备的存储器包括非易失性存储介质和内存储器。该非易失性存储介质存储有操作系统、计算机程序和数据库。该内存储器为非易失性存储介质中的操作系统和计算机程序的运行提供环境。该计算机设备的数据库用于存储待处理事务。该计算机设备的输入/输出接口用于处理器与外部设备之间交换信息。该计算机设备的通信接口用于与外部的终端通过网络连接通信。该计算机程序被处理器执行时以实现实施例1中的混凝土内部纤维监测方法。
需要说明的是，本发明所涉及的对象信息(包括但不限于对象设备信息、对象个人信息等)和数据(包括但不限于用于分析的数据、存储的数据、展示的数据等)，均为经对象授权或者经过各方充分授权的信息和数据，且相关数据的收集、使用和处理需要遵守相关国家和地区的相关法律法规和标准。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程，是可以通过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成，所述的计算机程序可存储于一非易失性计算机可读取存储介质中，该计算机程序在执行时，可包括如上述各方法的实施例的流程。其中，本发明所提供的各实施例中所使用的对存储器、数据库或其它介质的任何引用，均可包括非易失性和易失性存储器中的至少一种。非易失性存储器可包括只读存储器(Read-OnlyMemory，ROM)、磁带、软盘、闪存、光存储器、高密度嵌入式非易失性存储器、阻变存储器(ReRAM)、磁变存储器(Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory，MRAM)、铁电存储器(Ferroelectric Random Access Memory，FRAM)、相变存储器(Phase Change Memory，PCM)、石墨烯存储器等。易失性存储器可包括随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)或外部高速缓冲存储器等。作为说明而非局限，RAM可以是多种形式，比如静态随机存取存储器(Static Random AccessMemory，SRAM)或动态随机存取存储器(Dynamic Random Access Memory，DRAM)等。本发明所提供的各实施例中所涉及的数据库可包括关系型数据库和非关系型数据库中至少一种。非关系型数据库可包括基于区块链的分布式数据库等，不限于此。本发明所提供的各实施例中所涉及的处理器可为通用处理器、中央处理器、图形处理器、数字信号处理器、可编程逻辑器、基于量子计算的数据处理逻辑器等，不限于此。
以上实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处。综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种混凝土内部纤维监测方法，其特征在于，所述混凝土内部纤维监测方法包括：
    获取待测混凝土；
    采用电容传感器测量待测混凝土的电容值；
    将待测混凝土的电容值输入至介电常数计算公式中，得到待测混凝土的介电常数；
    获取目标混凝土的介电常数和无纤维混凝土的介电常数；
    将待测混凝土的介电常数、目标混凝土的介电常数和无纤维混凝土的介电常数输入至预测模型中，得到待测混凝土的测量纤维方向有效系数作为待测混凝土的监测结果。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的混凝土内部纤维监测方法，其特征在于，所述介电常数计算公式为：
    εmeasured＝Cd/S；
    其中，d表示电容传感器两电极间的距离；S表示电容传感器两电极的面积，C表示待测混凝土的电容值；εmeasured表示待测混凝土的介电常数。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的混凝土内部纤维监测方法，其特征在于，所述预测模型为：
    Δε＝εmeasured-ε1；
    K1＝Δε/(ε2-ε1)；
    其中，εmeasured表示待测混凝土的介电常数；Δε表示纤维引起的相对介电常数的增加量；ε1表示无纤维混凝土的介电常数；ε2表示目标混凝土的介电常数；K1表示待测混凝土的测量纤维方向有效系数。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的混凝土内部纤维监测方法，其特征在于，所述混凝土内部纤维监测方法还包括：
    对待测混凝土进行扫描，得到待测混凝土的图像数据；
    基于所述图像数据得到待测混凝土的纤维数据；所述纤维数据包括纤维数量、纤维长度以及每根纤维与断裂面法线的夹角；
    将待测混凝土的纤维数据输入至第一纤维有效系数关系模型中，得到待测混凝土的扫描纤维方向有效系数。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的混凝土内部纤维监测方法，其特征在于，所 述第一纤维有效系数关系模型为：
    其中，KX-CT表示待测混凝土的扫描纤维方向有效系数；n表示纤维数量；l表示纤维长度；cosθi表示第i根纤维与断裂面法线的夹角。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的混凝土内部纤维监测方法，其特征在于，所述混凝土内部纤维监测方法还包括：
    将待测混凝土的测量纤维方向有效系数输入至第二纤维有效系数关系模型中，得到待测混凝土的扫描纤维方向有效系数。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的混凝土内部纤维监测方法，其特征在于，所述第二纤维有效系数关系模型为：
    K1＝a×KX-CT+b；
    其中，K1表示待测混凝土的纤维方向有效系数；a表示第一拟合参数；b表示第二拟合参数；KX-CT表示待测混凝土的扫描纤维方向有效系数。
  8. 一种计算机系统，包括：存储器、处理器以存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，其特征在于，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序以实现权利要求1-7中任一项所述混凝土内部纤维监测方法的步骤。
  9. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，其特征在于，该计算机程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求1-7中任一项所述混凝土内部纤维监测方法的步骤。
  10. 一种计算机程序产品，包括计算机程序，其特征在于，该计算机程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求1-7中任一项所述混凝土内部纤维监测方法的步骤。
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