Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
  • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
  • C10M105/18—Ethers, e.g. epoxides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
  • C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
  • C10M107/30—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M107/32—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Polyesters; Polyethers
  • C10M107/34—Polyoxyalkylenes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/18—Anti-foaming property
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates to a foam inhibitor for refrigerating machine oils, a method for inhibiting foaming in refrigerating machine oils, uses for inhibiting foaming in refrigerating machine oils, refrigerating machine oils, and working fluid compositions.
• Refrigerating machine oils used in refrigerators, air conditioners, and other refrigerating machines are used together with refrigerants, which can cause a problem known as foaming, in which bubbles form in the refrigerating machine oil as the refrigerant is compressed and vaporized.
• foaming occurs in the refrigerating machine oil, the refrigerant compressor may become noisy or experience cavitation.
• silicone oil as an antifoaming agent to the refrigerating machine oil to suppress foaming (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
• one aspect of the present invention aims to suppress foaming of refrigeration oil without adding an antifoaming agent such as a silicone-based antifoaming agent.
• the inventors have discovered that by using a polyalkylene glycol compound as a base oil, in which the ratio of terminal hydroxyl groups to terminal alkyl groups and the ratio of ethylene groups to propylene groups fall within specific ranges, foaming of refrigerating machine oil can be suppressed without the addition of an antifoaming agent such as a silicone-based antifoaming agent.
• a method for suppressing foaming in a refrigerating machine oil containing a polyalkylene glycol comprising a step of selecting a compound represented by the following formula (1) as the polyalkylene glycol:
• R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group
• R3 represents an ethylene group or a propylene group
• m represents an integer of 2 or greater.
• a method in which, in the compound represented by formula (1), the molar ratio of hydrogen atoms/alkyl groups is 40/60 or more and 60/40 or less, and the molar ratio of ethylene groups/propylene groups is 10/90 or less.
• [5] Use of a compound represented by the following formula (1) for suppressing foaming in a refrigerating machine oil, [In the formula, R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, R3 represents an ethylene group or a propylene group, and m represents an integer of 2 or greater.] Use of a compound represented by formula (1), wherein the molar ratio of hydrogen atoms to alkyl groups is 40/60 or more and 60/40 or less, and the molar ratio of ethylene groups to propylene groups is 10/90 or less. [6] The use according to [5], wherein the molar ratio of ethylene groups to propylene groups is 0/100.
• a refrigerating machine oil containing a compound represented by the following formula (1) as a base oil [In the formula, R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, R3 represents an ethylene group or a propylene group, and m represents an integer of 2 or greater.]
• a refrigerating machine oil comprising a compound represented by formula (1) in which the molar ratio of hydrogen atoms to alkyl groups is 40/60 or more and 60/40 or less, and the molar ratio of ethylene groups to propylene groups is 10/90 or less.
• foaming of refrigerating machine oil can be suppressed without adding an antifoaming agent such as a silicone-based antifoaming agent.
• One embodiment of the present invention is a foam inhibitor for refrigerating machine oils, which contains a compound represented by the following formula (1) (hereinafter also referred to as a "PAG compound").
• R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group
• R 3 represents an ethylene group or a propylene group
• m represents an integer of 2 or more.
• the alkyl group represented by R1 and R2 may be linear or branched.
• the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group may be 1 or more, 2 or more, or 3 or more, and may be 16 or less, 12 or less, 8 or less, or 5 or less, or may be 4.
• the alkyl group may preferably be an n-butyl group.
• the ratio of hydrogen atoms to alkyl groups in R1 and R2 (in other words, the ratio of terminal hydroxyl groups to terminal alkyl groups) and the ratio of ethylene groups to propylene groups in R3 (in other words, the ratio of ethylene oxide units (EO units) to propylene oxide units (PO units)) fall within specific ranges. This makes it possible to suppress foaming of refrigerating machine oils when the PAG compound is used, without the need to add an antifoaming agent.
• the molar ratio of hydrogen atoms/alkyl groups is 40/60 or more and 60/40 or less.
• the lower limit of this molar ratio may be 41/59 or more, 42/58 or more, 43/57 or more, 44/56 or more, 45/55 or more, 46/54 or more, or 47/53 or more.
• the upper limit of this molar ratio may be 59/41 or less, 58/42 or less, 57/43 or less, 56/44 or less, 55/45 or less, 54/46 or less, 53/47 or less, 52/48 or less, 51/49 or less, 50/50 or less, 49/51 or less, 48/52 or less, 47/53 or less, 46/54 or less, 45/55 or less, 44/56 or less, or 43/57 or less.
• the molar ratio of ethylene groups to propylene groups (the molar ratio of EO units to PO units) is 10/90 or less.
• the molar ratio may be 9/91 or less, 8/92 or less, 7/93 or less, 6/94 or less, or 5/95 or less, or may be 0/100 or less, 1/99 or more, 2/98 or more, 3/97 or more, 4/94 or more, or 5/95 or more, and from the viewpoint of further suppressing foaming of the refrigerating machine oil, it may be 0/100 (i.e., all of R3 are propylene groups).
• the molar ratio of hydrogen atoms/alkyl groups (terminal hydroxyl groups/terminal alkyl groups) and the molar ratio of ethylene groups/propylene groups (EO units/PO units) in a PAG compound can be determined by 13 C-NMR measurement.
• the molar ratio of hydrogen atoms/alkyl groups (terminal hydroxyl groups/terminal alkyl groups) can be determined appropriately by identifying peaks derived from carbons constituting hydrocarbon groups having terminal hydroxyl groups and peaks derived from carbons constituting terminal alkyl groups from the spectrum obtained by 13 C-NMR measurement, and using the integrals of each peak.
• the molar ratio of ethylene groups/propylene groups can be determined appropriately by identifying peaks derived from carbons constituting EO units and peaks derived from carbons constituting PO units from the spectrum obtained by 13 C-NMR measurement, and using information on EO units and PO units and the integrals of each peak.
• the PAG compound may be at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds in which both R1 and R2 are hydrogen atoms (PAG compounds with hydroxyl groups at both ends), compounds in which both R1 and R2 are alkyl groups (PAG compounds with alkyl groups at both ends), and compounds in which one of R1 and R2 is a hydrogen atom and the other is an alkyl group (PAG compounds with a hydroxyl group at one end), and may contain two or more compounds selected from the group consisting of PAG compounds with hydroxyl groups at both ends, PAG compounds with alkyl groups at both ends, and PAG compounds with a hydroxyl group at one end so as to satisfy the above-mentioned hydrogen atom/alkyl group molar ratio.
• the PAG compound may be a random copolymer or a block copolymer.
• m may be 2 or more, 5 or more, 10 or more, or 15 or more, and may be 40 or less, 35 or less, 30 or less, or 25 or less.
• the PAG compound may be a mixture of multiple types of PAG compounds with different m values.
• the average value of m may be 2 or more, 5 or more, 10 or more, or 15 or more, and may be 40 or less, 35 or less, 30 or less, or 25 or less.
• the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the PAG compound may be 500 or more, 700 or more, 900 or more, 1000 or more, or 1100 or more, and may be 5000 or less, 4500 or less, 4000 or less, 3000 or less, 2000 or less, 1800 or less, 1600 or less, or 1400 or less.
• the number average molecular weight refers to the Mn (value converted to polystyrene (standard sample)) obtained by GPC analysis.
• Mn value converted to polystyrene (standard sample)
• a solution is prepared using tetrahydrofuran as the solvent, diluted to a sample concentration of 1% by mass, and analyzed using a GPC device (for example, an ACQUITY APC UV RI system manufactured by Waters).
• the solvent flow rate is set to 0.7 ml/min, the temperature to 40°C, a column with an analytical molecular weight of 100 to 10,000 is used, and the analysis is performed using a refractive index detector.
• the relationship between column retention time and molecular weight is determined using a polystyrene standard with a known molecular weight, and a calibration curve is separately created, after which the molecular weight is determined from the obtained retention time.
• the kinematic viscosity of the PAG compound at 40°C may be 20 mm 2 /s or more, 30 mm 2 /s or more, 40 mm 2 /s or more, or 50 mm 2 /s or more, and may be 400 mm 2 /s or less, 300 mm 2 /s or less, 200 mm 2 /s or less, 100 mm 2 /s or less, 80 mm 2 /s or less, or 60 mm 2 /s or less.
• the kinematic viscosity of the PAG compound at 100°C may be 1 mm 2 /s or more, 3 mm 2 /s or more, or 5 mm 2 /s or more, and may be 80 mm 2 /s or less, 60 mm 2 /s or less, 40 mm 2 /s or less, 30 mm 2 /s or less, 20 mm 2 /s or less, or 15 mm 2 /s or less.
• the viscosity index of the PAG compound may be 100 or more, 120 or more, 140 or more, or 160 or more, and may be 270 or less, 250 or less, or 230 or less.
• the kinematic viscosity and viscosity index referred to in this specification refer to the kinematic viscosity and viscosity index measured in accordance with JIS K2283:2000.
• the foam inhibitor may consist solely of a PAG compound, or may further contain a known base oil or additive used in refrigerating machine oils.
• the foam inhibitor may be used in any amount in the refrigerating machine oil, thereby suppressing foaming of the refrigerating machine oil.
• Refrigerating machine oils may contain polyalkylene glycol as a base oil, but all of the polyalkylene glycol contained in the refrigerating machine oil may be the above-mentioned foam inhibitor (PAG compound), or 80% by mass or more or 90% by mass or more of the total amount of polyalkylene glycol contained in the refrigerating machine oil may be the above-mentioned foam inhibitor (PAG compound).
• Another embodiment of the present invention can also be described as a method for suppressing foaming in refrigerating machine oil containing polyalkylene glycol, comprising the step of selecting the above-mentioned PAG compound as the polyalkylene glycol. More specifically, another embodiment of the present invention can also be described as a method for suppressing foaming in refrigerating machine oil (improving foamability), comprising the step of selecting the above-mentioned PAG compound based on the relationship between the hydrogen atom/alkyl group molar ratio and the ethylene group/propylene group molar ratio in the above-mentioned PAG compound and the foamability of the refrigerating machine oil. Furthermore, another embodiment of the present invention can also be described as the use of the above-mentioned PAG compound to suppress foaming in refrigerating machine oil.
• Another embodiment of the present invention can be said to be a refrigeration oil containing the above-mentioned PAG compound as a base oil.
• the content of the PAG compound may be 50% by mass or more, 60% by mass or more, 70% by mass or more, 80% by mass or more, or 90% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the refrigeration oil.
• the refrigeration oil may further contain a base oil.
• base oils include mineral oils and synthetic oils.
• Mineral oils may be paraffinic mineral oils, naphthenic mineral oils, etc.
• Synthetic oils include synthetic hydrocarbon oils such as poly-alpha-olefins and alkylbenzenes, and oxygenated oils such as polyalkylene glycol compounds other than the above-mentioned PAG compounds, esters, and polyvinyl ethers.
• the refrigerating machine oil may further contain additives.
• additives include antioxidants, antiwear agents, acid scavengers, oxygen scavengers, extreme pressure agents, oiliness agents, antifoaming agents, metal deactivators, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, and detergent-dispersants.
• the content of the additives may be 0.1% by mass or more or 1% by mass or more, and 10% by mass or less or 5% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the refrigerating machine oil.
• the refrigerating machine oil preferably further contains an antioxidant.
• antioxidants include phenol-based antioxidants.
• phenol-based antioxidants include 2,6-di-tert.-butyl-p-cresol (DBPC), 2,6-di-tert.-butyl-phenol, and 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert.-butyl-phenol).
• the antioxidant content may be 0.01% by mass or more or 0.1% by mass or more, and may be 5% by mass or less, 3% by mass or less, or 1% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the refrigerating machine oil.
• the refrigeration oil preferably further contains a phosphorus-based anti-wear agent.
• phosphorus-based anti-wear agents include phosphate esters, thiophosphate esters, acid phosphate esters, amine salts of acid phosphate esters, chlorinated phosphate esters, and phosphites.
• phosphate esters include triaryl phosphates such as tricresyl phosphate (TCP), triphenyl phosphate (TPP), and alkylated triphenyl phosphate, as well as trialkyl phosphates.
• TCP tricresyl phosphate
• TPP triphenyl phosphate
• alkylated triphenyl phosphate alkylated triphenyl phosphate
• thiophosphate esters include triphenylphosphorothionate (TPPT).
• the content of the phosphorus-based anti-wear agent may be, for example, 0.01% by mass or more or 0.1% by mass or more, and
• the refrigerating machine oil preferably further contains an acid scavenger.
• the acid scavenger include epoxy-based acid scavengers.
• epoxy-based acid scavengers include glycidyl ether-based acid scavengers having a hydrocarbon group with 6 to 18 carbon atoms, such as 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether and 4-tert-butylphenyl glycidyl ether; glycidyl ester-based acid scavengers having a hydrocarbon group with 6 to 18 carbon atoms, such as glycidyl neodecanoate; ⁇ -olefin oxide-based acid scavengers having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, such as 1,2-epoxydodecane and 1,2-epoxytetradecane; and alicyclic epoxy-based acid scavengers.
• the content of the acid scavenger may be 0.01% by mass or more, or 0.1% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the refrigerating machine oil, and may be 5% by mass or less, 3% by mass or less, or 1% by mass or less.
• the refrigerating machine oil need not contain substantially any antifoaming agent, and need not contain substantially any silicone-based antifoaming agent. Even if the refrigerating machine oil contains a silicone-based antifoaming agent, the content of the silicone-based antifoaming agent in the refrigerating machine oil may be preferably 5 ppm by mass or less, 3 ppm by mass or less, 1 ppm by mass or less, or less than 1 ppm by mass, calculated as Si atoms, based on the total amount of the refrigerating machine oil.
• the Si content (Si atom content) in the refrigerating machine oil may preferably be 5 ppm by mass or less, 3 ppm by mass or less, 1 ppm by mass or less, or less than 1 ppm by mass.
• the kinematic viscosity of the refrigerating machine oil at 40°C may be 20 mm2 /s or more, 30 mm2 /s or more, 40 mm2 /s or more, or 50 mm2 /s or more, and may be 400 mm2 /s or less, 300 mm2 /s or less, 200 mm2 /s or less, 100 mm2 /s or less, 80 mm2 /s or less, or 60 mm2 /s or less.
• the kinematic viscosity of the refrigerating machine oil at 100°C may be 1 mm2 /s or more, 3 mm2 /s or more, or 5 mm2 /s or more, and may be 80 mm2 /s or less, 60 mm2 /s or less, 40 mm2 /s or less, 30 mm2 /s or less, 20 mm2 /s or less, or 15 mm2 /s or less.
• the viscosity index of the refrigerating machine oil may be 100 or more, 120 or more, 140 or more, or 160 or more, and may be 270 or less, 250 or less, or 230 or less.
• the refrigeration oil described above is used together with a refrigerant in a refrigerator.
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a working fluid composition containing the above-described refrigeration oil and a refrigerant.
• the content of the refrigeration oil may be 1 part by mass or more, or 2 parts by mass or more, and may be 500 parts by mass or less, or 400 parts by mass or less, per 100 parts by mass of the refrigerant.
• the refrigerant preferably contains a hydrocarbon.
• the above-mentioned refrigeration oil can suppress foaming and exhibit excellent stability even when used with a refrigerant containing a hydrocarbon.
• the hydrocarbon is preferably a hydrocarbon having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrocarbon having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
• hydrocarbons include methane, ethylene, ethane, propylene, propane (R290), cyclopropane, normal butane, isobutane (R600a), cyclobutane, methylcyclopropane, 2-methylbutane, and normal pentane.
• the refrigerant may contain only one of these hydrocarbons, or may contain two or more.
• the refrigerant preferably contains a hydrocarbon that is gaseous at 25°C and 1 atmosphere, and more preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of propane, normal butane, isobutane, and 2-methylbutane.
• the refrigerant may consist solely of hydrocarbons, or may contain hydrocarbons and other refrigerants.
• refrigerants include saturated fluorohydrocarbons, unsaturated fluorohydrocarbons, fluorinated ethers such as perfluoroethers, bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfide, trifluoroiodomethane, ammonia, and carbon dioxide.
• the hydrocarbon content may be 50% by mass or more, 60% by mass or more, 70% by mass or more, 80% by mass or more, 90% by mass or more, or 95% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the refrigerant.
• Refrigeration machines include refrigeration units and air conditioning units.
• Refrigeration units include, for example, refrigerators, refrigerated warehouses, vending machines, and cooling units used in chemical plants.
• Air conditioning units include, for example, automotive air conditioners, residential air conditioners, packaged air conditioners, and dehumidifiers.
• foaming of refrigerating machine oil can be suppressed without adding an antifoaming agent such as a silicone-based antifoaming agent.
• another embodiment of the present invention can be said to be a refrigerating machine oil with improved foaming properties that contains the above PAG-based compound as a base oil.
• Another embodiment of the present invention can also be described as a method for producing a refrigerating machine oil, comprising the steps of selecting the PAG compound based on the relationship between the hydrogen atom/alkyl group molar ratio and the ethylene group/propylene group molar ratio in the PAG compound and the foamability of the refrigerating machine oil, and preparing a refrigerating machine oil containing the selected PAG compound as a base oil.
• the following PAG compounds 1 to 8 were used to prepare the refrigeration oils of the examples and comparative examples. Note that none of the refrigeration oils contained an antifoaming agent such as a silicone-based antifoaming agent, and the Si content was less than 1 ppm by mass.
• an antifoaming agent such as a silicone-based antifoaming agent
• PAG compound 1 A compound represented by the formula (1) in which the molar ratio of hydrogen atoms to alkyl groups (n-butyl groups) in R1 and R2 is 50/50, and the molar ratio of ethylene groups to propylene groups in R3 is 0/100 (all R3s are propylene groups) (Mn: 1160, kinematic viscosity at 40°C: 45.58 mm2 /s, kinematic viscosity at 100°C: 9.079 mm2 /s, viscosity index: 186).
• PAG compound 2 A compound represented by the formula (1) in which the molar ratio of hydrogen atoms to alkyl groups (n-butyl groups) in R1 and R2 is 50/50, and the molar ratio of ethylene groups to propylene groups in R3 is 0/100 (all R3s are propylene groups) (Mn: 1360, kinematic viscosity at 40°C: 57.32 mm2 /s, kinematic viscosity at 100°C: 11.06 mm2 /s, viscosity index: 189).
• PAG compound 3 A compound of the above formula (1) in which the molar ratio of hydrogen atoms/alkyl groups (n-butyl groups) in R1 and R2 is 43/57, and the molar ratio of ethylene groups/propylene groups in R3 is 0/100 (all R3s are propylene groups) (Mn: 771, kinematic viscosity at 40°C: 29.97 mm2 /s, kinematic viscosity at 100°C: 6.275 mm2 /s, viscosity index: 167).
• PAG compound 4 A compound represented by the formula (1) in which the molar ratio of hydrogen atoms to alkyl groups (n-butyl groups) in R1 and R2 is 42/58, and the molar ratio of ethylene groups to propylene groups in R3 is 0/100 (all R3s are propylene groups) (Mn: 1290, kinematic viscosity at 40°C: 56.25 mm2 /s, kinematic viscosity at 100°C: 10.69 mm2 /s, viscosity index: 184).
• PAG compound 5 A compound of the above formula (1) in which the molar ratio of hydrogen atoms/alkyl groups (n-butyl groups) in R1 and R2 is 47/53, and the molar ratio of ethylene groups/propylene groups in R3 is 0/100 (all R3s are propylene groups) (Mn: 4430, kinematic viscosity at 40°C: 363.9 mm2 /s, kinematic viscosity at 100°C: 57.92 mm2 /s, viscosity index: 230).
• PAG compound 6 A compound of the above formula (1) in which the molar ratio of hydrogen atoms to alkyl groups (n-butyl groups) in R1 and R2 is 50/50, and the molar ratio of ethylene groups to propylene groups in R3 is 5/95 (Mn: 1200, kinematic viscosity at 40°C: 58.29 mm 2 /s, kinematic viscosity at 100°C: 11.33 mm 2 /s, viscosity index: 192).
• PAG compound 7 A compound of the above formula (1) in which the molar ratio of hydrogen atoms to alkyl groups (n-butyl groups) in R1 and R2 is 50/50, and the molar ratio of ethylene groups to propylene groups in R3 is 7/93 (Mn: 1390, kinematic viscosity at 40°C: 48.47 mm 2 /s, kinematic viscosity at 100°C: 9.676 mm 2 /s, viscosity index: 190).
• PAG compound 8 A compound of the above formula (1) in which the molar ratio of hydrogen atoms to alkyl groups (n-butyl groups) in R1 and R2 is 37/63, and the molar ratio of ethylene groups to propylene groups in R3 is 51/49 (Mn: 1340, kinematic viscosity at 40°C: 51.61 mm 2 /s, kinematic viscosity at 100°C: 11.09 mm 2 /s, viscosity index: 214).

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