WO2025147152A1 - 배터리 관리 장치 및 방법 - Google Patents
배터리 관리 장치 및 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2025147152A1 WO2025147152A1 PCT/KR2025/000156 KR2025000156W WO2025147152A1 WO 2025147152 A1 WO2025147152 A1 WO 2025147152A1 KR 2025000156 W KR2025000156 W KR 2025000156W WO 2025147152 A1 WO2025147152 A1 WO 2025147152A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
- G01R31/3648—Constructional arrangements comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/378—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/80—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including monitoring or indicating arrangements
- H02J7/84—Control of state of health [SOH]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery management device and method.
- a battery management device may include a profile acquisition unit configured to acquire a battery profile indicating a correspondence between a voltage and a capacity of a battery; a profile determination unit configured to determine a positive electrode profile and a negative electrode profile of the battery by adjusting a preset reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile to correspond to the battery profile; and a control unit configured to calculate a lithium loss rate of the battery based on the positive electrode profile of the battery, calculate a negative electrode reaction rate of the battery based on the battery profile, and calculate a positive electrode reaction rate of the battery based on the lithium loss rate and the negative electrode reaction rate.
- the above control unit may be configured to calculate the positive electrode side reaction rate by calculating the difference between the negative electrode side reaction rate and the lithium loss rate.
- the above battery profile may be configured to include a charging profile indicating a correspondence between the voltage and the capacity during a charging process of the battery, and a discharging profile indicating a correspondence between the voltage and the capacity during a discharging process of the battery.
- the control unit may be configured to calculate a charge capacity of the battery from the charge profile, calculate a discharge capacity of the battery from the discharge profile, and calculate the negative electrode reaction rate based on the charge capacity and the discharge capacity.
- the above control unit may be configured to calculate a capacity difference between the charge capacity and the discharge capacity, add the calculated capacity difference to a preset cumulative capacity difference to update the cumulative capacity difference, and calculate the negative electrode reaction rate based on the updated cumulative capacity difference.
- the above control unit may be configured to calculate the cathode reaction rate by dividing the updated accumulated capacity difference by a preset reference capacity.
- the above control unit may be configured to calculate the lithium loss rate based on the target value of the extracted diagnostic factor, the positive reference starting value of the positive reference starting point, and the positive reference ending value of the positive reference ending point.
- the above reference starting point may include a positive reference starting point and a negative reference starting point
- the above reference ending point may include a negative reference ending point
- the above control unit may be configured to calculate the lithium loss rate based on the target value of the extracted diagnostic factor, the positive reference starting value of the positive reference starting point, the negative reference starting value of the negative reference starting point, and the negative reference ending value of the negative reference ending point.
- the control unit may be configured to set usage conditions for the battery based on at least one of the positive electrode reaction rate, the negative electrode reaction rate, and the lithium loss rate.
- a battery pack according to another aspect of the present invention may include a battery management device according to one aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a battery management device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 6 to 8 are drawings for reference in explaining an example of a procedure for generating a comparison profile used for comparison with a battery profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the loss of available capacity due to battery degradation is related to the loss of available lithium, and the loss of available lithium in the battery is due to side reactions occurring at the negative or positive electrode.
- ASR Anode Side Reaction
- CSR Cathode Side Reaction
- gas may be generated by the reaction between lithium ions and the electrolyte.
- a reduction gas such as hydrogen (H2) and hydrocarbon (CxHy) may be generated in the process in which a portion of the electrolyte is reduced and decomposed and lithium is deposited on the negative electrode.
- a portion of the electrolyte may be oxidized and decomposed to generate oxidizing gases such as carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2).
- oxidizing gases such as carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2).
- gas generated inside the battery may cause safety issues such as explosion because it causes a pressure increase accompanied by an increase in the temperature of the battery.
- available lithium loss, positive electrode side reactions, and negative electrode side reactions are directly related to battery degradation and internal gas generation.
- the extent to which available lithium loss, positive electrode side reactions, and negative electrode side reactions occur can be quantitatively calculated, the values can be used as important indicators for degradation diagnosis and gas amount prediction.
- the present invention provides a technology, method, and device that can quantitatively separate available lithium loss caused by positive electrode side reactions from available lithium loss and available lithium loss caused by negative electrode side reactions.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a battery management device (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the battery management device (100) may include a profile acquisition unit (110), a profile determination unit (120), and a control unit (130).
- the battery has a negative terminal and a positive terminal, and means a physically separable independent cell.
- a lithium ion battery or a lithium polymer battery may be considered as the battery.
- the type of the battery may be a cylindrical type, a prismatic type, or a pouch type.
- the battery may mean a battery bank, a battery module, or a battery pack in which a plurality of cells are connected in series and/or in parallel.
- the battery is described as meaning a single independent cell.
- the profile acquisition unit (110) may be configured to acquire a battery profile indicating a correspondence between the voltage and capacity of the battery.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating a battery profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the horizontal axis (X-axis) represents capacity (capacity, Ah), and the vertical axis (Y-axis) represents voltage (voltage, V).
- a battery profile (BP) is a profile that represents the relationship between voltage (V) and capacity (Q) when the battery is being charged. Additionally, a battery profile (BP) can also represent the relationship between voltage (V) and capacity (Q) when the battery is being discharged.
- the profile acquisition unit (110) can directly receive a battery profile (BP) to be monitored from the outside. That is, the profile acquisition unit (110) can acquire the battery profile (BP) to be monitored by being connected to the outside via wire and/or wirelessly and receiving the battery profile (BP).
- BP battery profile
- the profile acquisition unit (110) may receive battery information about the voltage (V) and capacity (Q) of the battery, and generate the battery profile (BP) based on the received battery information. For example, the profile acquisition unit (110) may directly generate the battery profile (BP) based on battery information such as the voltage (V) and capacity (Q) of the battery, thereby acquiring the battery profile (BP).
- the profile acquisition unit (110) may be connected to the profile determination unit (120) so as to be able to communicate with it.
- the profile acquisition unit (110) may be connected to the profile determination unit (120) by wire and/or wirelessly.
- the profile acquisition unit (110) may transmit the acquired battery profile (BP) to the profile determination unit (120).
- the profile determination unit (120) may be configured to determine the positive electrode profile of the battery and the negative electrode profile of the battery by adjusting the preset reference positive electrode profile and reference negative electrode profile to correspond to the battery profile (BP).
- the reference positive electrode profile may be a profile indicating a correspondence between the capacity and voltage of a reference positive electrode cell preset to correspond to the positive electrode of the battery.
- the reference positive electrode cell may be a positive electrode coin half cell or a positive electrode of a three-electrode cell.
- the reference negative electrode profile may be a profile indicating a correspondence between the capacity and voltage of a reference negative electrode cell preset to correspond to the negative electrode of the battery.
- the reference negative electrode cell may be a negative electrode coin half cell or a negative electrode of a three-electrode cell.
- the profile determination unit (120) can be configured to generate a comparison profile based on a reference anode profile and a reference cathode profile.
- the profile determination unit (120) can generate a plurality of comparison profiles by repeating an adjustment procedure (profile shift or capacity scaling) and a synthesis procedure for a reference positive profile and a reference negative profile.
- the profile determination unit (120) can specify a comparison profile among the plurality of comparison profiles that has a minimum error with respect to the battery profile (BP).
- the profile determination unit (120) can determine the adjusted positive profile and the adjusted negative profile used to generate the specified comparison profile as the positive profile and the negative profile of the battery.
- the control unit (130) may be configured to calculate the lithium loss rate of the battery based on the positive electrode profile of the battery.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating a positive electrode profile (PP) and a negative electrode profile (NP) of a battery according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the reference starting point and the reference ending point may be preset based on the results of adjusting the reference positive profile and the reference negative profile to correspond to a battery profile obtained when the battery is in the Beginning of Life (BOL) state.
- BOL means the initial state of the battery, which is the time of first use after manufacturing and means the state in which the battery can exhibit maximum capacity and performance.
- the reference starting point and the reference ending point can be preset by the control unit (130).
- the profile determining unit (120) can adjust the reference positive profile and the reference negative profile to correspond to a battery profile obtained when the battery is in the BOL state. Then, the profile determining unit (120) can determine an initial positive profile and an initial negative profile corresponding to the battery in the BOL state based on the adjustment result. The manner in which the profile determining unit (120) determines the initial positive profile and the initial negative profile is the same as the manner in which the positive profile and the negative profile of the battery are determined.
- the control unit (130) can preset the reference starting point and the reference ending point from the initial positive profile and/or the initial negative profile.
- the reference starting point can be configured to include a positive reference starting point and/or a negative reference starting point
- the reference ending point can be configured to include a positive reference ending point and/or a negative reference ending point.
- the positive reference starting point refers to a positive participation starting point of an initial positive profile.
- the positive reference ending point refers to a positive participation ending point of an initial positive profile.
- the negative reference starting point refers to a negative participation starting point of an initial negative profile.
- the negative reference ending point refers to a negative participation ending point of an initial negative profile.
- control unit (130) may be configured to calculate a lithium loss rate based on a target value of an extracted diagnostic factor, a positive reference start value of a positive reference start point, and a positive reference end value of a positive reference end point.
- the control unit (130) can calculate the target value of the diagnostic factor by dividing the capacity of the diagnostic factor by the current capacity difference.
- the diagnostic factor can be the bipolar participation initiation point (pi).
- the control unit (130) can calculate the target value of the bipolar participation initiation point (pi) by dividing the capacity of the bipolar participation initiation point (pi) by the current capacity difference.
- the current capacity difference may be the difference (Qp) between the minimum capacity (starting capacity) and the maximum capacity (ending capacity) of the positive electrode profile (PP) of the battery.
- the target value of the positive electrode participation starting point (pi) may be a value calculated according to the formula of "Qi ⁇ Qp".
- the current capacity difference may be the difference (Qn) between the minimum capacity and the maximum capacity of the negative profile (NP) of the battery.
- the target value of the negative engagement initiation point (ni) may be a value calculated according to the formula of "Qi ⁇ Qn".
- the current capacity difference may be the difference (Qb) between the minimum capacity and the maximum capacity of the battery profile (BP).
- the target value of the positive engagement initiation point (pi) may be a value calculated according to the formula of "Qi ⁇ Qb".
- the positive reference starting value can be preset as a value obtained by dividing the capacity of the positive reference starting point by the initial capacity difference.
- the positive reference ending value can be preset as a value obtained by dividing the capacity of the positive reference ending point by the initial capacity difference.
- the initial capacity difference can be a difference between a minimum capacity and a maximum capacity of the initial positive profile.
- the initial capacity can be a difference between a minimum capacity and a maximum capacity of the initial negative profile.
- the initial capacity can be a difference between a minimum capacity and a maximum capacity of the battery profile obtained for the battery in the BOL state.
- the profiles used to calculate the current capacity difference and the initial capacity difference may be corresponding.
- the initial positive profile may be used to calculate the initial capacity difference.
- the negative profile (NP) of the battery is used to calculate the current capacity difference
- the initial negative profile may be used to calculate the initial capacity difference.
- the battery profile (BP) is used to calculate the current capacity difference
- the battery profile acquired for the battery in the BOL state may be used to calculate the initial capacity difference. That is, when the positive reference starting value is set to correspond to the initial capacity difference for the initial positive profile, the target value of the diagnostic factor should be set to correspond to the current capacity difference for the positive profile (PP) of the battery.
- control unit (130) can calculate the lithium loss rate using Equation 1 below.
- K Li represents the lithium loss rate
- pi MOL represents the target value of the positive electrode participation start point
- pi BOL represents the positive electrode reference start value
- pf BOL represents the positive electrode reference end value.
- MOL Middle of Life refers to the stage where the battery is used to some extent, and degradation occurs compared to the initial performance (BOL), but it still operates normally.
- the reference starting point can be configured to include a positive reference starting point and a negative reference starting point
- the reference ending point can be configured to include a negative reference ending point
- the positive reference starting point refers to the positive participation starting point of the initial positive profile.
- the negative reference starting point refers to the negative participation starting point of the initial negative profile.
- the negative reference ending point refers to the negative participation ending point of the initial negative profile.
- the control unit (130) can be configured to calculate a lithium loss rate based on a target value of an extracted diagnostic factor, a positive reference starting value of a positive reference starting point, a negative reference starting value of a negative reference starting point, and a negative reference ending value of a negative reference ending point.
- the target value of the bipolar involvement initiation point can be calculated by dividing the capacity of the bipolar involvement initiation point by the current capacity difference.
- the positive reference start value can be calculated by dividing the capacity of the positive reference start point by the initial capacity difference.
- the negative reference start value can be calculated by dividing the capacity of the negative reference start point by the initial capacity difference.
- the negative reference end value can be calculated by dividing the capacity of the negative reference end point by the initial capacity difference.
- the initial capacity difference can be the difference between the minimum capacity and the maximum capacity of the initial positive profile, the initial negative profile, or the battery profile of the battery in the BOL state.
- the control unit (130) can calculate a first difference, which is the difference between the target value of the positive electrode participation start point and the positive electrode reference start value, and can calculate a third difference, which is the difference between the negative electrode reference end value and the negative electrode reference start value.
- the control unit (130) can calculate a lithium loss rate by calculating a ratio of the first difference to the third difference.
- control unit (130) can calculate the lithium loss rate using Equation 2 below.
- K Li represents the lithium loss rate
- pi MOL represents the target value of the positive electrode participation initiation point
- pi BOL represents the positive electrode reference initiation value
- ni BOL represents the negative electrode reference initiation value
- nf BOL represents the negative electrode reference end value.
- the control unit (130) may be configured to calculate the negative electrode reaction rate of the battery based on the battery profile (BP).
- a battery profile can be configured to include a charge profile indicating a correspondence between voltage and capacity during a charging process of the battery and a discharge profile indicating a correspondence between voltage and capacity during a discharging process of the battery.
- the control unit (130) may be configured to calculate the charge capacity of the battery from the charge profile, calculate the discharge capacity of the battery from the discharge profile, and calculate the negative electrode reaction rate based on the charge capacity and the discharge capacity.
- Charge capacity may refer to the capacity of a charged battery from the time when charging of the battery begins to the time when charging ends.
- Discharge capacity may refer to the capacity of a discharged battery from the time when discharging of the battery begins to the time when discharging ends.
- the control unit (130) can calculate the negative electrode reaction rate based on the difference between the charge capacity and the discharge capacity.
- the lithium loss rate is an indicator that quantitatively represents the available lithium loss due to the degradation of the battery
- the cathode side reaction rate is an indicator that quantitatively represents the side reaction that occurred at the cathode of the battery.
- the cathode side reaction (CSR) is a reaction in which the cathode obtains lithium ions from the decomposed electrolyte.
- CSR cathode side reaction
- the cathode self-discharges in the high SOC range e.g., the SOC 90% to 100% range
- a phenomenon in which the high SOC range of the cathode cannot be used when charging the battery may occur.
- the profile determination unit (120) can generate at least one comparison profile by directly adjusting the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn).
- the at least one comparison profile can be secured in advance based on the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) and stored in the storage unit (140).
- the profile determination unit (120) can also obtain the comparison profile by accessing the storage unit (140) and reading it.
- the profile determination unit (120) can generate a plurality of comparison profiles from the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) by repeating the adjustment procedure of adjusting and then synthesizing each of the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) to several levels.
- the comparison profiles may also be referred to as 'adjusted reference profiles'.
- the profile determination unit (120) can specify one comparison profile among multiple comparison profiles that has the smallest error with respect to the battery profile (BP).
- the profile determination unit (120) can determine that the adjusted positive profile and the adjusted negative profile mapped to the specified comparison profile are the positive profile and the negative profile of the battery.
- various methods known at the time of filing of the present invention can be employed to determine the error between two profiles, each of which can be expressed in a two-dimensional coordinate system.
- the integral of the absolute value of the area between the two profiles or the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) can be used as the error between the two profiles.
- RMSE Root Mean Square Error
- various state information about the battery can be obtained based on the finally determined positive electrode profile and negative electrode profile.
- the finally determined positive electrode profile and negative electrode profile may be mapped to a comparison profile mapped with a minimum error.
- the comparison profile by the finally determined positive electrode profile and negative electrode profile can be said to be almost identical to the battery profile (BP) and the shape, etc.
- the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of the battery can be obtained non-destructively. Accordingly, if the battery is a new battery, the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of the battery can be analyzed to more easily diagnose whether a defect has occurred in the battery and, if so, what type of defect it is.
- the battery's positive and negative profiles can be used to determine the extent to which the battery has deteriorated by each deterioration item.
- the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of the battery can be obtained in a relatively simple manner.
- the present invention can be implemented even if only one reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and one reference negative electrode profile (Rn) are stored in the storage unit (140) without the need to store a plurality of reference positive electrode profiles (Rp) and/or a plurality of reference negative electrode profiles (Rn). Accordingly, the storage capacity of the storage unit (140) does not need to be high, and there is no need to conduct numerous preliminary tests required to secure a plurality of reference positive electrode profiles (Rp) and/or a plurality of reference negative electrode profiles (Rn).
- FIGS. 6 to 8 are drawings for reference in explaining an example of a procedure for generating a comparison profile (S) used for comparison with a battery profile (BP) according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the generation procedure of the comparison profile (S) to be described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 8 is performed in the order of a first routine (see FIG. 6) for setting four points (positive participation start point (pi), positive participation end point (pf), negative participation start point (ni), and negative participation end point (nf)) to correspond to a voltage range of interest, a second routine (see FIG. 7) for performing profile shifting, and a third routine (see FIG. 8) for performing capacity scaling. That is, the generation procedure of the comparison profile (S) according to one embodiment of the present invention includes the first to third routines.
- the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) are the same as those shown in Fig. 4.
- the profile determination unit (120) determines the anode participation start point (pi), the anode participation end point (pf), the cathode participation start point (ni), and the cathode participation end point (nf) on the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn).
- the difference between the voltage of the positive engagement initiation point (pi) and the voltage of the negative engagement initiation point (ni) can be set equal to the starting voltage (lowest voltage) of the battery profile (BP).
- the profile determination unit (120) may divide the positive voltage range from the start point to the end point of the reference positive profile (Rp) into a plurality of micro-voltage sections, and then set the boundary points of two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections as positive participation start points (pi).
- Each micro-voltage section may have a predetermined size (e.g., 0.01 V).
- the profile determination unit (120) may set a point that exists on the reference negative profile (Rn) and is smaller than the voltage of the positive participation start point (pi) by a first set voltage (e.g., 3 V) as the negative participation start point (ni).
- the profile determination unit (120) may divide the negative voltage range from the start point to the end point of the reference negative profile (Rn) into a plurality of micro-voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections as the negative participation start point (ni). Then, the profile determination unit (120) may set the point that exists on the reference positive profile (Rp) and is greater than the voltage of the negative participation start point (ni) by a first set voltage as the positive participation start point (pi).
- the difference between the voltage of the positive engagement end point (pf) and the voltage of the negative engagement end point (nf) can be set equal to the termination voltage (peak voltage) of the battery profile (BP).
- the profile determination unit (120) may divide the anode voltage range from the second set voltage to the end point of the reference anode profile (Rp) into a plurality of micro-voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections as the anode participation end point (pf). Then, the profile determination unit (120) may set the point that exists on the reference cathode profile (Rn) and is smaller than the voltage of the anode participation end point (pf) by the second set voltage (e.g., 4 V) as the cathode participation end point (nf).
- the second set voltage e.g., 4 V
- the profile determination unit (120) may divide the negative voltage range from the start point to the end point of the reference negative profile (Rn) into a plurality of micro-voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections as the negative participation end point (nf). Then, the profile determination unit (120) may set a point that exists on the reference positive profile (Rp) and is greater than the negative participation end point (nf) by a second set voltage as the positive participation end point (pf).
- the profile determination unit (120) shifts at least one of the reference positive profile (Rp) and the reference negative profile (Rn) to the left or right along the horizontal axis.
- the difference between the capacity value of the positive participation start point (pi) and the capacity value of the positive participation end point (pf), the difference between the capacity value of the negative participation start point (ni) and the capacity value of the negative participation end point (nf), and the difference between the start capacity of the battery profile (BP) and the end capacity of the battery profile (BP) can be set to be the same.
- the profile determination unit (120) may shift the reference anode profile (Rp) to the left (low capacity side), shift the reference cathode profile (Rn) to the right (high capacity side), or perform both, so that the capacity values of the anode participation start point (pi) and the cathode participation start point (ni) match.
- the profile determination unit (120) may shift the reference anode profile (Rp) to the left, shift the reference cathode profile (Rn) to the right, or both, so that the capacitance values of the anode participation end point (pf) and the cathode participation end point (nf) match.
- Fig. 7 illustrates a situation in which the capacity value of the positive participation start point (pi') matches the capacity value of the negative participation start point (ni) as a result of generating an adjusted positive participation profile (Rp') by shifting only the reference positive participation profile (Rp) to the left.
- the adjusted positive participation profile (Rp') is the result of applying an adjustment procedure for shifting to the left the amount of the capacity difference between the positive participation start point (pi) and the negative participation start point (ni) to the reference positive participation profile (Rp). Therefore, the two points (pi, pi') differ only in the capacity value, and have the same voltage.
- the two points (pf, pf') differ only in the capacity value, and have the same voltage.
- the profile determination unit (120) scales the capacity range of at least one of the adjustment result profiles (Rp', Rn).
- capacity scaling can be performed such that the capacity range between the positive engagement start point and the positive engagement end point of the adjustable positive profile (Rp'), the capacity range between the negative engagement start point and the negative engagement end point of the adjustable negative profile (Rn), and the capacity range of the battery profile (BP) are identical.
- the profile determination unit (120) performs an additional adjustment procedure (capacity scaling) to shrink or expand at least one of the adjusted anode profile (Rp') and the reference cathode profile (Rn) along the horizontal axis. That is, the voltage range of the adjusted anode profile (Rp') can be kept constant while the capacity range can be shrinked or expanded. Alternatively, the voltage range of the reference cathode profile (Rn) can be kept constant while the capacity range can be shrinked or expanded.
- the profile determination unit (120) can generate the adjusted positive electrode profile (Rp') by contracting or expanding the adjusted positive electrode profile (Rp') so that the capacity range between the two points (pi', pf') of the adjusted positive electrode profile (Rp') matches the capacity range of the battery profile (BP).
- the capacity range between the two points (pi', pf'') of the adjusted positive electrode profile (Rp'') can match the capacity range of the battery profile (BP).
- the profile determination unit (120) can record in the storage unit (140) at least two of the adjusted positive profile (Rp''), the adjusted negative profile (Rn'), the positive participation start point (pi'), the positive participation end point (pf''), the negative participation start point (ni), the negative participation end point (nf'), the first scale factor, the second scale factor, the comparison profile (S), and the profile error by mutually mapping them.
- the first scale factor can represent a ratio of the capacity difference between two points (pi', pf'') to the capacity difference between two points (pi0, pf0).
- the second scale factor can represent a ratio of the capacity difference between two points (ni, nf') to the capacity difference between two points (ni0, nf0).
- the profile determination unit (120) can calculate an anode change ratio (ps) based on the reference anode profile (Rp) and the adjusted anode profile (Rp'').
- the anode change ratio (ps) means a ratio by which the adjusted anode profile is changed with respect to the reference anode profile.
- the profile determination unit (120) can calculate an anode change ratio (ns) based on the reference cathode profile (Rn) and the adjusted anode profile (Rn').
- the cathode change ratio (ns) means a ratio by which the adjusted cathode profile is changed with respect to the reference cathode profile.
- FIGS. 9 to 11 are drawings for reference in explaining another example of a procedure for generating a comparison profile (U) used for comparison with a battery profile (BP) according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the embodiments according to FIGS. 9 to 11 are independent from the embodiments according to FIGS. 6 to 8. Therefore, terms or symbols commonly described in explaining the embodiments according to FIGS. 6 to 8 and the embodiments according to FIGS. 9 to 11 should be understood as being limited to each embodiment.
- the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) are the same as those shown in Fig. 4.
- the adjusted profile pair means a combination of an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile.
- the adjusted anode profile (Rp') and the adjusted cathode profile (Rn') illustrated in Fig. 9 illustrate the results of applying the first scale factor and the second scale factor, which are less than 100%, to the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn), respectively.
- the adjusted anode profile (Rp') is the reference anode profile (Rp) contracted along the horizontal axis
- the adjusted cathode profile (Rn') is also the reference cathode profile (Rn) contracted along the horizontal axis.
- the starting points of each of the anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) are fixed, and only the remaining portion is contracted to the left along the horizontal axis, as an example.
- the profile determination unit (120) determines the positive participation start point (pi'), the positive participation end point (pf'), the negative participation start point (ni'), and the negative participation end point (nf') on the adjusted positive profile (Rp') and the adjusted negative profile (Rn').
- the remaining three points can be automatically set by the size of the first set voltage, the second set voltage and/or the capacity range of the battery profile (BP) (e.g., charge capacity of 0 to 100% of SOC).
- BP battery profile
- the profile determination unit (120) may divide the positive voltage range from the start point to the end point (or the second set voltage) of the adjusted positive profile (Rp') into a plurality of micro-voltage sections, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections as the positive participation start point (pi'). Then, the profile determination unit (120) may set a point that exists on the adjusted negative profile (Rn) and is higher than the voltage of the positive participation start point (pi') by a first set voltage (e.g., 3 V) as the negative participation start point (ni').
- a first set voltage e.g., 3 V
- the profile determination unit (120) may divide the negative voltage range from the start point to the end point of the adjusted negative profile (Rn') into a plurality of micro-voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections as the negative participation start point (ni'). Then, the profile determination unit (120) may set a point that exists on the adjusted positive profile (Rp') and is greater than the negative participation start point (ni') by a first set voltage as the positive participation start point (pi').
- the profile determination unit (120) may divide the voltage range from the second set voltage to the end point of the adjusted positive profile (Rp') into a plurality of micro-voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections as the positive participation end point (pf'). Then, the profile determination unit (120) may set the point that exists on the adjusted negative profile (Rn') and is smaller than the voltage of the positive participation end point (pf') by the second set voltage (e.g., 4 V) as the negative participation end point (nf').
- the second set voltage e.g., 4 V
- the profile determination unit (120) may divide the negative voltage range from the start point to the end point of the adjusted negative profile (Rn') into a plurality of micro-voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections as the negative participation end point (nf'). Then, the profile determination unit (120) may set a point that exists on the adjusted positive profile (Rp') and is greater than the voltage of the negative participation end point (nf') by a second set voltage as the positive participation end point (pf').
- the profile determination unit (120) can additionally determine the remaining three points based on the determined point when one of the positive participation start point (pi'), positive participation end point (pf'), negative participation start point (ni'), and negative participation end point (nf') is determined.
- the profile determination unit (120) may set a point on the adjusted positive profile (Rp') that has a capacity value that is greater than the capacity value of the positive participation start point (pi') by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile (BP) as the positive participation end point (pf').
- the profile determination unit (120) may search for a point that is lower than the voltage of the positive participation start point (pi') by a first set voltage from the adjusted negative profile (Rn') and set the searched point as the negative participation start point (ni').
- the profile determination unit (120) may set a point on the adjusted negative profile (Rn') that has a capacity value that is greater than the capacity value of the negative participation start point (ni') by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile (BP) as the negative participation end point (nf').
- the profile determination unit (120) may set a point on the adjusted positive profile (Rp') that has a capacity value that is smaller by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile (BP) than the capacity value of the positive participation end point (pf') as the positive participation start point (pi').
- the profile determination unit (120) may search for a point that is lower by a second set voltage than the voltage of the positive participation end point (pf') from the adjusted negative profile (Rn') and set the searched point as the negative participation end point (nf').
- the profile determination unit (120) may set a point on the adjusted negative profile (Rn') that has a capacity value that is smaller by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile (BP) than the capacity value of the negative participation end point (nf') as the negative participation start point (ni').
- the profile determination unit (120) may set a point on the adjusted negative profile (Rn') that has a capacity value that is greater than the capacity value of the negative participation start point (ni') by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile (BP) as the negative participation end point (nf').
- the profile determination unit (120) may search for a point that is higher than the voltage of the negative participation start point (ni') by a first set voltage from the adjusted positive profile (Rp') and set the searched point as the positive participation start point (pi').
- the profile determination unit (120) may set a point on the adjusted positive profile (Rp') that has a capacity value that is greater than the capacity value of the positive participation start point (pi') by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile (BP) as the positive participation end point (pf').
- the profile determination unit (120) may set a point on the adjusted negative profile (Rn') that has a capacity value smaller by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile (BP) than the capacity value of the negative participation end point (nf') as the negative participation start point (ni').
- the profile determination unit (120) may search for a point higher by a second set voltage than the voltage of the negative participation end point (nf') from the adjusted positive profile (Rp') and set the searched point as the positive participation end point (pf').
- the profile determination unit (120) may set a point on the adjusted positive profile (Rp') that has a capacity value smaller by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile (BP) than the capacity value of the positive participation end point (pf') as the positive participation start point (pi').
- the profile determination unit (120) can shift at least one of the adjusted positive profile (Rp') and the adjusted negative profile (Rn') to the left or right along the horizontal axis so that the capacity values of the positive participation start point (pi') and the negative participation start point (ni') match, or so that the capacity values of the positive participation end point (pf') and the negative participation end point (nf') match.
- the adjusted cathode profile (Rn'') illustrated in Fig. 11 is only the adjusted cathode profile (Rn') illustrated in Fig. 10 shifted to the right. Accordingly, the capacity values of the positive participation start point (pi') and the negative participation start point (ni'') match each other.
- the capacity difference between the positive participation start point (pi') and the positive participation end point (pf') is the same as the capacity difference between the negative participation start point (ni') and the negative participation end point (nf')
- the capacity values of the positive participation start point (pi') and the negative participation start point (ni'') match each other, the capacity values of the positive participation end point (pf') and the negative participation end point (nf'') also match each other.
- the profile determination unit (120) can generate a comparison profile (U) by subtracting a partial profile between two points (pi', pf') of the adjustment positive profile (Rp') from a partial profile between two points (ni'', nf'') of the adjustment negative profile (Rn'').
- the profile determination unit (120) can calculate the error (profile error) between the comparison profile (U) and the battery profile (BP).
- the profile determination unit (120) can mutually map at least two of the adjusted positive profile (Rp'), the adjusted negative profile (Rn''), the positive participation start point (pi'), the positive participation end point (pf'), the negative participation start point (ni''), the negative participation end point (nf''), the first scale factor, the second scale factor, the comparison profile (U), and the profile error, and record them in the storage unit (140).
- the profile determination unit (120) can calculate an anode change ratio (ps) based on the reference anode profile (Rp) and the adjusted anode profile (Rp').
- the anode change ratio (ps) means a ratio by which the adjusted anode profile is changed with respect to the reference anode profile.
- the profile determination unit (120) can calculate an anode change ratio (ns) based on the reference cathode profile (Rn) and the adjusted anode profile (Rn'').
- the cathode change ratio (ns) means a ratio by which the adjusted cathode profile is changed with respect to the reference cathode profile.
- the profile determination unit (120) can determine the first scale factor as the positive change rate (ps) and the second scale factor as the negative change rate (ns).
- the profile determination unit (120) can generate a corresponding comparison profile for each pair of the first scale factor and the second scale factor selected from the scaling value range. Since there are multiple pairs of the first scale factor and the second scale factor, it is obvious that a plurality of comparison profiles will also be generated.
- the profile determination unit (120) can identify a minimum value among the profile errors of the multiple comparison profiles, and then obtain information mapped to the minimum profile error from the storage unit (140).
- the battery management device (100) according to the present invention can be applied to a BMS (Battery Management System). That is, the BMS according to the present invention can include the battery management device (100) described above. In this configuration, at least some of the components of the battery management device (100) can be implemented by supplementing or adding the functions of the components included in the conventional BMS. For example, the profile acquisition unit (110), the profile determination unit (120), the control unit (130), and the storage unit (140) of the battery management device (100) can be implemented as components of the BMS.
- the positive terminal of the battery (11) can be connected to the positive terminal (P+) of the battery pack (10), and the negative terminal of the battery (11) can be connected to the negative terminal (P-) of the battery pack (10).
- the measuring unit (20) may be connected to the first sensing line (SL1), the second sensing line (SL2), and the third sensing line (SL3).
- the measuring unit (20) may be connected to the positive terminal of the battery (11) through the first sensing line (SL1), and may be connected to the negative terminal of the battery (11) through the second sensing line (SL2).
- the measuring unit (20) may measure the voltage of the battery (11) based on the voltage measured at each of the first sensing line (SL1) and the second sensing line (SL2).
- the measuring unit (20) can be connected to the current measuring unit (A) through the third sensing line (SL3).
- the current measuring unit (A) can be an ammeter or a shunt resistor capable of measuring the charging current and the discharging current of the battery (11).
- the measuring unit (20) can measure the charging current of the battery (11) through the third sensing line (SL3) to calculate the charging amount.
- the measuring unit (20) can measure the discharging current of the battery (11) through the third sensing line (SL3) to calculate the discharging amount.
- An external device may have one end connected to the positive terminal (P+) of the battery pack (10) and the other end connected to the negative terminal (P-) of the battery pack (10). Accordingly, the positive terminal of the battery (11), the positive terminal (P+) of the battery pack (10), the external device, the negative terminal (P-) of the battery pack (10), and the negative terminal of the battery (11) may be electrically connected.
- the external device may be a charger or a load such as a motor of an electric vehicle that receives power from a battery (11).
- FIG. 13 is a drawing schematically illustrating a vehicle (1) according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- a battery pack (10) may be included in a vehicle (1), such as an electric vehicle (EV) or a hybrid vehicle (HV).
- the battery pack (10) may be the battery pack (10) described above.
- the battery pack (10) may drive the vehicle (1) by supplying power to a motor through an inverter provided in the vehicle (1).
- the battery pack (10) may include a battery management device (100) according to an embodiment of the present invention. That is, the vehicle (1) may include a battery management device (100).
- FIG. 14 is a drawing schematically illustrating a battery management method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the battery management method may include a profile acquisition step (S100), a profile determination step (S200), a lithium loss rate and negative electrode side reaction rate calculation step (S300), a positive electrode side reaction rate calculation step (S400), a calculation value comparison step (S500), and a battery use condition setting step (S600).
- S100 profile acquisition step
- S200 profile determination step
- S300 lithium loss rate and negative electrode side reaction rate calculation step
- S400 positive electrode side reaction rate calculation step
- S500 calculation value comparison step
- S600 battery use condition setting step
- Each step of the battery management method described above can be performed by the battery management device (100).
- the battery management device (100) For convenience of explanation, any content that overlaps with the previously described content will be omitted or briefly described.
- the profile acquisition step (S100) is a step of acquiring a battery profile indicating a correspondence between the voltage and capacity of the battery, and can be performed by the profile acquisition unit (110).
- the profile determination step (S200) is a step of determining the positive and negative profiles of the battery by adjusting the preset reference positive and negative profiles to correspond to the battery profile, and can be performed by the profile determination unit (120).
- the lithium loss rate and negative electrode reaction rate calculation step (S300) is a step of calculating the lithium loss rate of the battery based on the positive electrode profile of the battery and calculating the negative electrode reaction rate of the battery based on the battery profile, and can be performed by the control unit (130).
- control unit (130) may be configured to extract a positive electrode involvement initiation point (pi) from a positive electrode profile (PP) of the battery as a diagnostic factor, and calculate a lithium loss rate of the battery based on the extracted diagnostic factor, a preset reference initiation point, and a preset reference end point.
- control unit (130) may be configured to calculate a lithium loss rate based on a target value of a positive electrode start point extracted as a diagnostic factor, a positive electrode start value of a positive electrode start point, and a positive electrode end value of a positive electrode end point.
- control unit (130) can calculate the lithium loss rate using Equation 6 below.
- Equation 6 can be substantially the same as Equation 1 described above.
- K Li represents the lithium loss rate
- pi MOL represents the target value of the anode participation starting point
- pi BOL represents the anode reference starting value
- pf BOL represents the anode reference ending value
- control unit (130) can calculate the lithium loss rate using Equation 7 below.
- Equation 7 can be substantially the same as Equation 2 described above.
- K Li represents the lithium loss rate
- pi MOL represents the target value of the positive electrode participation initiation point
- pi BOL represents the positive electrode reference initiation value
- ni BOL represents the negative electrode reference initiation value
- nf BOL represents the negative electrode reference end value.
- Q accum_n represents the accumulated capacity difference.
- n represents the current (negative electrode reaction rate calculation point) number of charge/discharge cycles
- Q ch represents the charge capacity
- Q dch represents the discharge capacity
- (Q ch_i -Q dch_i ) represents the capacity difference in the ith charge/discharge cycle.
- K ASR represents the cathode reaction rate and Q 1 represents the reference capacity.
- the positive electrode reaction rate calculation step (S400) is a step of calculating the positive electrode reaction rate of the battery based on the lithium loss rate and the negative electrode reaction rate, and can be performed by the control unit (130).
- control unit (130) may be configured to calculate the difference between the negative electrode reaction rate and the lithium loss rate to derive the positive electrode reaction rate.
- control unit (130) can calculate the anode reaction rate using Equation 10.
- Equation 10 can be substantially the same as Equation 5 described above.
- K CSR represents the anode side reaction rate
- K ASR represents the cathode side reaction rate
- K Li represents the lithium loss rate.
- K ASR is the cathode side reaction rate according to Equation 9
- K Li is the lithium loss rate according to Equation 6 or Equation 7.
- the process returns to the previous step (e.g., step S100) to obtain a new battery profile and repeat the above steps.
- the embodiments of the present invention described above are not implemented only through devices and methods, but may also be implemented through a program that realizes a function corresponding to the configuration of the embodiments of the present invention or a recording medium on which the program is recorded, and such implementation can be easily implemented by an expert in the technical field to which the present invention belongs based on the description of the embodiments described above.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
- 배터리의 전압과 용량 간의 대응 관계를 나타내는 배터리 프로파일을 획득하도록 구성된 프로파일 획득부;미리 설정된 기준 양극 프로파일 및 기준 음극 프로파일을 상기 배터리 프로파일에 대응되도록 조정하여 상기 배터리의 양극 프로파일 및 음극 프로파일을 결정하도록 구성된 프로파일 결정부; 및상기 배터리의 양극 프로파일에 기반하여 상기 배터리의 리튬 손실률을 산출하고, 상기 배터리 프로파일에 기반하여 상기 배터리의 음극 부반응률을 산출하며, 상기 리튬 손실률과 상기 음극 부반응률에 기반하여 상기 배터리의 양극 부반응률을 산출하도록 구성된 제어부를 포함하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 음극 부반응률과 상기 리튬 손실률의 차이를 계산하여 상기 양극 부반응률을 산출하도록 구성된 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 배터리 프로파일은,상기 배터리의 충전 과정에서의 상기 전압과 상기 용량 간의 대응 관계를 나타내는 충전 프로파일 및 상기 배터리의 방전 과정에서의 상기 전압과 상기 용량 간의 대응 관계를 나타내는 방전 프로파일을 포함하도록 구성된 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제3항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 충전 프로파일로부터 상기 배터리의 충전 용량을 산출하고, 상기 방전 프로파일로부터 상기 배터리의 방전 용량을 산출하며, 상기 충전 용량과 상기 방전 용량에 기반하여 상기 음극 부반응률을 산출하도록 구성된 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 충전 용량과 상기 방전 용량의 용량 차이를 산출하고, 산출된 용량 차이를 미리 설정된 누적 용량 차이에 가산하여 상기 누적 용량 차이를 갱신하며, 갱신된 누적 용량 차이에 기반하여 상기 음극 부반응률을 산출하도록 구성된 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제5항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 갱신된 누적 용량 차이를 미리 설정된 기준 용량으로 나누어서 상기 음극 부반응률을 산출하도록 구성된 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 배터리의 이전의 충방전 사이클 각각에서 결정된 용량 차이를 합산하여 상기 누적 용량 차이를 미리 설정하도록 구성된 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제3항에 있어서,상기 프로파일 결정부는,상기 방전 프로파일에 대응되도록 상기 기준 양극 프로파일 및 상기 기준 음극 프로파일을 조정하도록 구성된 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 배터리의 양극 프로파일에서 양극 참여 개시점을 진단 인자로 추출하고, 추출된 진단 인자, 미리 설정된 기준 개시점 및 미리 설정된 기준 종료점에 기반하여 상기 배터리의 리튬 손실률을 산출하도록 구성된 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 기준 개시점은 양극 기준 개시점을 포함하고, 상기 기준 종료점은 양극 기준 종료점을 포함하며,상기 제어부는,상기 추출된 진단 인자의 타겟값, 상기 양극 기준 개시점의 양극 기준 개시값 및 상기 양극 기준 종료점의 양극 기준 종료값에 기반하여 상기 리튬 손실률을 산출하도록 구성된 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 기준 개시점은 양극 기준 개시점 및 음극 기준 개시점을 포함하고, 상기 기준 종료점은 음극 기준 종료점을 포함하며,상기 제어부는,상기 추출된 진단 인자의 타겟값, 상기 양극 기준 개시점의 양극 기준 개시값, 상기 음극 기준 개시점의 음극 기준 개시값 및 상기 음극 기준 종료점의 음극 기준 종료값에 기반하여 상기 리튬 손실률을 산출하도록 구성된 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 양극 부반응률, 상기 음극 부반응률 및 상기 리튬 손실률 중 적어도 하나에 기반하여 상기 배터리에 대한 사용 조건을 설정하도록 구성된 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제1항 내지 제12항에 중 어느 한 항에 따른 배터리 관리 장치를 포함하는 배터리 팩.
- 제1항 내지 제12항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 배터리 관리 장치를 포함하는 자동차.
- 배터리의 전압과 용량 간의 대응 관계를 나타내는 배터리 프로파일을 획득하는 프로파일 획득 단계;미리 설정된 기준 양극 프로파일 및 기준 음극 프로파일을 상기 배터리 프로파일에 대응되도록 조정하여 상기 배터리의 양극 프로파일 및 음극 프로파일을 결정하는 프로파일 결정 단계;상기 배터리의 양극 프로파일에 기반하여 상기 배터리의 리튬 손실률을 산출하고, 상기 배터리 프로파일에 기반하여 상기 배터리의 음극 부반응률을 산출하는 리튬 손실률 및 음극 부반응률 산출 단계; 및상기 리튬 손실률과 상기 음극 부반응률에 기반하여 상기 배터리의 양극 부반응률을 산출하는 양극 부반응률 산출 단계를 포함하는 배터리 관리 방법.
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| CN202580002323.0A CN121039514A (zh) | 2024-01-04 | 2025-01-03 | 电池管理装置及其方法 |
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| KR1020240001587A KR20250106953A (ko) | 2024-01-04 | 2024-01-04 | 배터리 관리 장치 및 방법 |
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| KR20220056150A (ko) * | 2020-10-27 | 2022-05-04 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 관리 장치 및 방법 |
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| KR20240001587A (ko) | 2022-06-27 | 2024-01-03 | 후다닥 주식회사 | 질병 추정 방법 및 질병 추정 장치 |
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-
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- 2024-01-04 KR KR1020240001587A patent/KR20250106953A/ko active Pending
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2025
- 2025-01-02 US US19/008,613 patent/US12455325B1/en active Active
- 2025-01-03 CN CN202580002323.0A patent/CN121039514A/zh active Pending
- 2025-01-03 WO PCT/KR2025/000156 patent/WO2025147152A1/ko active Pending
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| US10511050B1 (en) * | 2018-12-31 | 2019-12-17 | Sf Motors, Inc. | Battery state of health estimation by tracking electrode and cyclable lithium capacities |
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| US12455325B1 (en) | 2025-10-28 |
| CN121039514A (zh) | 2025-11-28 |
| KR20250106953A (ko) | 2025-07-11 |
| MX2026002079A (es) | 2026-04-01 |
| US20250334643A1 (en) | 2025-10-30 |
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