WO2025146147A1 - 激光雷达镜片、激光雷达和清洁机器人 - Google Patents

激光雷达镜片、激光雷达和清洁机器人 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025146147A1
WO2025146147A1 PCT/CN2025/070506 CN2025070506W WO2025146147A1 WO 2025146147 A1 WO2025146147 A1 WO 2025146147A1 CN 2025070506 W CN2025070506 W CN 2025070506W WO 2025146147 A1 WO2025146147 A1 WO 2025146147A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
laser radar
transmitting
lens
transmitting surface
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2025/070506
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘波
吴江
张伟
梁冰
刘丹
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Beijing Rockrobo Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Beijing Rockrobo Technology Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Beijing Rockrobo Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Beijing Rockrobo Technology Co Ltd
Publication of WO2025146147A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025146147A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47LDOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L11/00Machines for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
    • A47L11/40Parts or details of machines not provided for in groups A47L11/02 - A47L11/38, or not restricted to one of these groups, e.g. handles, arrangements of switches, skirts, buffers, levers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/06Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S17/08Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/02Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of smart home appliance technology, and in particular to a laser radar lens, a laser radar, and a cleaning robot.
  • LiDAR is widely used in electrical appliances due to its stable and time-effective ranging performance.
  • laser is emitted by LiDAR and reflected by objects.
  • the reflected laser is then transmitted to the receiver through a receiving mirror.
  • the processor can measure the distance based on the emitted and received laser.
  • the inventors realized that the LiDAR lenses in traditional technology have poor light focusing capabilities, which affects the inspection accuracy of LiDAR, especially when the lenses are used as receiving mirrors, which affects the focusing quality of the received waves.
  • the present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art or related art.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides a laser radar lens.
  • a second aspect of the present application provides a laser radar.
  • an emitter the emitter being used to emit light
  • the laser radar lens provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a lens body, which includes a closed end and a flared end.
  • the lens body forms a first light-transmitting surface between the flared end and the closed end, and the flared end forms a second light-transmitting surface.
  • the first light-transmitting surface is an aspherical surface
  • the second light-transmitting surface is a convex surface or a plane. Light is transmitted through the first light-transmitting surface and the second light-transmitting surface.
  • the lens body can correct spherical aberration and coma at the same time, so that the laser radar lens has better light convergence ability, which can improve the focusing quality of the laser radar receiving echo, and thus can improve the detection accuracy when the laser radar lens is applied to the laser radar.
  • FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser radar lens according to an embodiment of the present application at a third angle
  • FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser radar lens at a fourth angle according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser radar according to an embodiment of the present application from a second angle
  • FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser radar according to an embodiment of the present application from a third angle
  • FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of a light adjustment component of a laser radar according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG9 is a schematic structural diagram of a light adjustment component of a laser radar according to an embodiment of the present application from another angle;
  • FIG10 is a schematic structural diagram of the arrangement position of the line of a laser radar according to an embodiment provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a cleaning robot according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • a laser radar lens 100 including: a lens body 110, the lens body 110 includes a flared end and a closed end; wherein the lens body 110 forms a first light-transmitting surface 111 between the flared end and the closed end, and the flared end forms a second light-transmitting surface 112; wherein the first light-transmitting surface 111 is an aspherical surface, and the second light-transmitting surface 112 is a convex surface or a plane.
  • the laser radar lens 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a lens body 110, and the lens body 110 includes a closed end and a flared end.
  • the lens body 110 forms a first light-transmitting surface 111 between the flared end and the closed end, and the flared end forms a second light-transmitting surface 112.
  • the first light-transmitting surface 111 is an aspherical surface
  • the second light-transmitting surface 112 is a convex surface or a plane. Light is transmitted through the first light-transmitting surface 111 and the second light-transmitting surface 112.
  • the lens body 110 can correct spherical aberration and coma at the same time, so that the laser radar lens 100 has better light focusing ability, which can improve the focusing quality of the echo received by the laser radar 200, and further improve the detection accuracy when the laser radar lens 100 is applied to the laser radar 200.
  • a monochromatic conical light beam emitted from an object point on the main axis to the optical system cannot intersect at the same position on the main axis after refraction by the optical system (for example, light propagating through the edge of a spherical lens will be more strongly focused than light propagating through the center of the spherical lens), a diffuse light spot is formed at the ideal image plane on the main axis, and the imaging error of this optical system is called spherical aberration.
  • the combination of the first light-transmitting surface 111 being an aspherical surface and the second light-transmitting surface 112 being a convex surface or a plane can better correct spherical aberration.
  • the first light-transmitting surface 111 is an aspherical surface combined with the second light-transmitting surface 112 being a convex surface or a plane to better correct coma.
  • the second light-transmitting surface 112 is a convex surface.
  • the second light-transmitting surface 112 can be a convex surface.
  • the lens body 110 can better correct spherical aberration and coma at the same time, that is, the lens has better light convergence ability at this time, which can improve the focusing quality of the laser radar 200 receiving the echo.
  • the aspheric expression of the first light-transmitting surface 111 is:
  • an aspheric expression of the first light-transmitting surface 111 is further provided.
  • Such a setting further clarifies the style of the first light-transmitting surface 111, so that the first light-transmitting surface 111 can better correct spherical aberration and coma at the same time, thereby better improving the focusing quality of the laser radar lens 100.
  • the aspheric expression is an even-order aspheric expression, and using this expression to represent the shape of the first light-transmitting surface 111 can improve the focal performance of the laser radar lens; on the other hand, it is beneficial to improve the design optimization speed of the shape of the first light-transmitting surface 111, and can converge faster to obtain the optimal parameter combination; on the other hand, the parameters taken can not only ensure the focusing performance of the laser radar lens, but also compress the focal length as much as possible and reduce the height of the laser radar.
  • the focusing quality can be better improved when the second light-transmitting surface 112 is a convex surface.
  • the curvature radius of the second light-transmitting surface 112 is -10 to -100, which can further improve the focusing quality.
  • the second light-transmitting surface 112 being a plane can reduce the production cost of the laser radar lens 100 .
  • the value range of R is 4 to 6; the value range of K is -1.5 to -0.5; the value range of A4 is 1.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ -4 to 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ -4; the value range of A6 is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ -7 to 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ -7; the value range of A8 is 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ -8 to 9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ -8; the value range of A10 is -3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ -10 to -1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ -10; the value of the radius of curvature of the second light-transmitting surface 112 is -60 to -30.
  • the value range of the parameters of the first light-transmitting surface 111 is further provided to be different from the value range of the parameters of the second light-transmitting surface 112.
  • Such a setting can better correct spherical aberration and coma at the same time, thereby better improving the focusing quality of the laser radar lens 100.
  • the parameters of the first light-transmitting surface 111 and the second light-transmitting surface 112 are clarified, and the shape of the laser radar lens 100 can be determined, which is convenient for the assembly of the laser radar lens 100.
  • the value of R is 5.1; the value of K is -0.9; the value of A4 is 2.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ -4; the value of A6 is 1.8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ -7; the value of A8 is 6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ -8; the value of A10 is -1.4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ -10; and the radius of curvature of the second light-transmitting surface 112 is -44.
  • Such a setting can make the laser radar lens have better focusing quality and can better correct spherical aberration and coma.
  • the diameter of the outer contour of the second light-transmitting surface 112 is 10 mm to 20 mm. This configuration further clarifies the size of the laser radar lens 100, that is, clarifies the maximum diameter range of the laser radar lens 100, and while ensuring the collection efficiency of the recovered waves, the lens body 110 can be made more compact, which is conducive to the miniaturization of the laser radar 200.
  • a through portion is formed in the lens body 110 .
  • the diameter of the through portion is 5 mm to 10 mm.
  • a style of a lens body 110 is further provided, in which a through portion is formed.
  • a mounting portion 120 for fixing the transmitter 220 and the transmitting mirror 240 can be provided in the middle of the lens body 110, which is convenient for the assembly of the coaxial laser radar 200.
  • the diameter of the through portion is 5 mm to 10 mm, which can provide sufficient assembly space for other components while ensuring the reception efficiency of the recovered waves.
  • the focal length range of the lens body 110 is 8 mm to 15 mm; wherein the ratio of the diameter of the outer contour of the second light-transmitting surface 112 to the focal length range is 0.8 to 2.2.
  • D in FIG3 is the diameter of the outer contour of the second light-transmitting surface 112.
  • parameters of the lens body 110 are further provided.
  • the focal length range of the lens body 110 is 8 mm to 15 mm. This arrangement facilitates the projection of the recovered wave through the lens body 110 onto the receiver 214 of the laser radar 200, thereby improving the detection accuracy and reducing the volume of the laser radar 200.
  • the ratio of the diameter of the outer contour of the second light-transmitting surface 112 to the focal length range is 0.8 to 2.2. This arrangement enables the laser radar lens 100 to better receive the recovered wave, that is, the laser reflected back by the object.
  • the ratio of the diameter of the outer contour of the second light-transmitting surface 112 to the focal length range is 0.8 to 2.2, which can not only ensure that the lens body 110 has good echo focusing quality, but also ensure that the focal length is short enough, which is beneficial to reducing the height of the laser radar and facilitating the installation of the cleaning robot.
  • the lens body 110 is made of glass, polymethyl methacrylate or polycarbonate. Such a configuration can ensure that the lens body 110 has good light transmittance.
  • the laser radar lens 100 further includes: a mounting portion 120, which is formed on the peripheral side of the flared end.
  • a mounting portion 120 which is formed on the peripheral side of the flared end.
  • the thickness of the mounting portion 120 is 0.5 mm to 3 mm. This configuration further clarifies the thickness of the mounting portion 120, and the selection of the transparent thickness of 0.5 mm to 3 mm ensures that the laser radar lens 100 can be stably installed while minimizing the thickness of the laser radar lens 100 and ensuring the focusing quality.
  • the sprue and/or gate of the laser radar lens 100 are formed on the mounting portion 120. Such an arrangement can prevent the sprue and gate from contacting the first light-transmitting surface 111 or the second light-transmitting surface 112, thereby ensuring the processing accuracy of the first light-transmitting surface 111 and the second light-transmitting surface 112.
  • the ratio of the height of the lens body 110 to the thickness of the mounting portion 120 is 2 to 6.
  • h1 is the height of the lens body 110
  • h2 is the thickness of the mounting portion 120.
  • the relationship between the height of the lens body 110 and the thickness of the mounting portion 120 is further provided.
  • the ratio of the height of the lens body 110 to the thickness of the mounting portion 120 is preferably 4.5 or about 4.5. Such a setting can better improve the manufacturability of the lens body 110 and improve the production yield of the lens body 110 while ensuring the focusing performance.
  • the laser radar lens 100 of the laser radar 200 provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a lens body 110, and the lens body 110 includes a closed end and a flared end.
  • the lens body 110 forms a first light-transmitting surface 111 between the flared end and the closed end, and the flared end forms a second light-transmitting surface 112.
  • the first light-transmitting surface 111 is an aspherical surface
  • the second light-transmitting surface 112 is a convex surface or a plane. Light is transmitted through the first light-transmitting surface 111 and the second light-transmitting surface 112.
  • the laser radar 200 includes a receiving mirror, a transceiver assembly 210, a transmitter 220 and a circuit 230.
  • the transmitter 220 emits a laser, and the laser is refracted when projected onto an object.
  • the refracted laser passes through the receiving mirror and then is fed back to the transceiver assembly 210. Based on this, the laser radar 200 can determine the distance of the object based on the emitted laser and the received laser.
  • the laser radar 200 provided in the embodiment of the present application has an independent arrangement for the transmitter 220, and the transmitter 220 is arranged separately from the transmitting and receiving component 210, and then one end of the line 230 is connected to the transmitter 220, and the other end is connected to the transmitting and receiving component 210. Based on this, the width of the line 230 can be greatly reduced, and only the line 230 will block the optical path of the receiving mirror.
  • the transmitting and receiving assembly 210 is used to receive light emitted via the receiving mirror and/or excite the transmitter 220. Based on this, the transmitter 220 can be separated from other modules, which can help further reduce the width of the line 230.
  • the receiving and sending assembly 210 includes: an excitation member 213, the excitation member 213 is connected to the main control board 212, one end of the line 230 is connected to the excitation member 213, and the other end is connected to the transmitter 230, the excitation member 213 is used to drive the transmitter 220; a receiver 214, and the receiver 214 is arranged on the main control board 212.
  • the transceiver assembly 210 further includes: an encoder 211, one end of the line 230 is connected to the encoder 211, and the other end is connected to the transmitter 220; a main control board 212, and the encoder 211 is connected to the main control board 212;
  • the receiving and transmitting component 210 may include an encoder 211, a main control board 212, an excitation member 213 and a receiver 214. Based on this, during use, the main control board 212 can control the on or off of the transmitter 220 through the excitation member 213, the rotation position of the laser radar 200 can be obtained through the encoder 211, the light emitted through the receiving mirror can be received through the receiver 214, and the distance of the object can be determined based on the emitted laser and the received laser through the main control board 212, thereby realizing ranging through the laser radar 200.
  • the main control board 212 through the setting of the main control board 212, the transmitter 220 and the encoder 211, the main control board 212, the excitation element 213 and the receiver 214 are arranged at intervals.
  • the cable can only play the role of the transmitter 220 communicating with the main control board 212 and the encoder 211.
  • the width of the line 230 can be reduced, thereby reducing the obstruction of the receiving mirror, which can improve the performance of the laser radar 200 and reduce the size of the laser radar 200.
  • the laser radar 200 further includes: a transmitting mirror 240 , which is disposed on a side of the receiving mirror facing away from the transmitter 220 .
  • the laser radar 200 may also include a transmitting mirror 240.
  • the transmitting mirror 240 Through the setting of the transmitting mirror 240, the light emitted by the transmitter 220 can be adjusted so that the light projected by the transmitting mirror 240 is parallel light or approximately parallel light, which can better perform ranging.
  • the laser radar 200 also includes: a fixing part 250, a through portion is formed in the middle of the receiving mirror, the fixing part 250 is arranged in the through portion, and the transmitting mirror 240 is connected to the fixing part 250; a pressure ring 260, a groove is formed on the side of the fixing part 250 facing the transmitting mirror 240, and the pressure ring 260 is arranged in the groove to limit the transmitting mirror 240.
  • the light shielding ring 270 is sleeved on the fixing member 250 .
  • the laser radar 200 may also include a fixing part 250, a pressure ring 260 and a light shielding ring 270, and a through-portion is formed through the middle of the receiving mirror, and then the fixing part 250 is arranged inside the through-portion, so that the laser radar 200 can be a coaxial laser radar 200, which can further reduce the volume of the laser radar 200.
  • the transmitting mirror 240 is fixed by the pressure ring 260, which can make the fixation of the transmitting mirror 240 more reliable and reduce the probability of the transmitting mirror 240 loosening.
  • the fixing part 250, the pressure ring 260 and the transmitting mirror 240 can be modularly assembled to facilitate the assembly of the laser radar 200.
  • the contact surface between the fixing member 250 and the receiving mirror may be a curved surface, which facilitates positioning of the fixing member 250 and adjustment of the angle between the fixing member 250 and the receiving mirror.
  • the fixing member 250 is made of a transparent material, which facilitates the passage of light.
  • the transmitter 220 and the transmitting mirror 240 are respectively mounted at opposite ends of the fixing member 250. It can be understood that an optical path is formed inside the fixing member 250, and the light emitted by the transmitter 220 is projected out by the transmitting mirror 240 through the fixing member 250, that is, the setting of the fixing member 250 makes the relative position of the transmitter 220 and the transmitting mirror 240 fixed, that is, the direction in which the light emitted by the transmitter 220 is projected out by the transmitting mirror 240 through the fixing member 250 is fixed, that is, the direction of the emitted light emitted by the transmitter 220 is fixed relative to the axis of the fixing member 250.
  • the fixing member 250 is installed inside the laser radar lens 100 (receiving mirror), and the fitting surfaces of the laser radar lens 100 and the fixing member 250 are set to spherical contact, so that the fixing member 250 and the laser radar lens 100 form a ball joint, that is, the relative position of the fixing member 250 and the laser radar lens 100 is adjustable. Therefore, by adjusting the relative position of the axis of the fixing member 250 and the axis of the laser radar lens 100, the direction of the emitted light emitted by the transmitter 220 and the relative position of the axis of the laser radar lens 100 can be adjusted, and then the direction of the emitted light beam can be universally adjusted to meet the needs of different directions of the emitted light beam.
  • the processing accuracy requirements of the laser radar 200 can be reduced, and the relative position of the direction of the emitted light emitted by the transmitter 220 and the axis of the laser radar lens 100 can still be guaranteed, thereby reducing manufacturing costs, reducing the defective rate of products, and improving production capacity.
  • the detection accuracy requirements of laser radar in current related technologies often exceed the manufacturing capabilities. For example, relying on processing accuracy to ensure the direction of the laser emission of the laser radar will result in higher costs and lower pass rates for the laser radar.
  • the relative position of the fixing part 250 and the transmitting mirror 240 can be adjusted first, so that the laser emission direction of the transmitter 220 and the optical axis of the laser radar lens 100 meet the detection accuracy requirements, and then the fixing part 250 and the laser radar lens 100 are fixed with an adhesive, so that the assembly of the transmitter 220 and the laser radar lens 100 can be completed, and it can be ensured that the laser radar 200 meets the detection accuracy requirements.
  • the processing accuracy requirements for each component can be reduced, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost.
  • this method can improve the processing qualification rate of the product and is suitable for popularization and application.
  • the fixing member 250 is set to be a straight cylinder, and the emitter 220 and the emission mirror 240 are respectively installed at the opposite ends of the fixing member 250, so that a collimated light path can be formed.
  • the emission mirror 240 is located on the emission light path of the emitter 220, and the emission surface of the emission mirror 240 faces the outside of the fixing member 250. Therefore, the emission mirror 240 and the laser are installed in the same structural member, so that a collimated light path can be formed.
  • the laser radar lens 100 is mounted on the outside of the fixing part 250 on which the transmitting mirror 240 and the transmitter 220 are installed.
  • the volume of the laser radar can be greatly reduced, thereby reducing the space occupied by the laser radar 200, expanding the scope of use of the laser radar 200, and meeting the design requirements of the cleaning robot with compact structure and small size.
  • the laser radar 200 further includes: a light adjustment component 280, which is used to adjust the angle of the emitted and/or returned light.
  • a light adjustment component 280 which is used to adjust the angle of the emitted and/or returned light.
  • the light adjustment component 280 includes: a support member 281, which can rotate relative to the receiving mirror; a driving component 282, which is used to drive the support member 281 to rotate; and a reflector 283, which is arranged on the support member 281 and is used to adjust the emission and input angles of the light.
  • the light adjustment component 280 may include a support 281, a drive component 282 and a reflector 283. Through the setting of the reflector 283, the reflector 283 can reflect the laser, thereby adjusting the emission and receiving angles of the laser. Through the setting of the drive component 282 and the support 281, the drive component 282 can drive the support 281 to rotate relative to the receiving mirror, thereby realizing 360° ranging of the laser radar 200, thereby improving the application range of the laser radar 200, especially facilitating the application of the laser radar 200 on a cleaning robot.
  • the laser radar 200 further includes: a reflector 283, which is tilted above the transmitting mirror 240 and configured to rotate with the optical axis of the laser radar lens 100 as the axis; wherein the light emitted by the transmitter 220 passes through the transmitting mirror 240 and is then redirected by the reflector 283 and then directed toward the obstacle, and the received light returned by the obstacle is redirected by the reflector 283 and then passed through the laser radar lens 100 and received by the receiver 214.
  • a reflector 283 which is tilted above the transmitting mirror 240 and configured to rotate with the optical axis of the laser radar lens 100 as the axis; wherein the light emitted by the transmitter 220 passes through the transmitting mirror 240 and is then redirected by the reflector 283 and then directed toward the obstacle, and the received light returned by the obstacle is redirected by the reflector 283 and then passed through the laser radar lens 100 and received by the receiver 214.
  • the laser radar 200 may be a time-of-flight laser radar, the principle of which is to calculate the distance of the target object by using the propagation speed of the laser beam in space and the time it takes to reflect back.
  • the time-of-flight laser radar 200 has the advantages of high precision, high speed, high resolution, etc., and can meet the functional requirements of the cleaning robot.
  • the laser radar 200 further includes: a light shielding ring 270, which is sleeved on the outside of the fixing member 250 and located above the laser radar lens 100, and the light shielding ring 270 is configured to shield at least part of the light emitted by the transmitter 220 and directed toward the laser radar lens 100 after the light is changed by the reflector 283 through the transmitting mirror 240. That is, the setting of the light shielding ring 270 can effectively prevent the stray light generated by the emitted light beam after passing through the reflector 283 from returning to the laser radar lens 100 to cause light crosstalk and affect the ranging accuracy, thereby helping to improve the detection accuracy of the laser radar 200.
  • a light shielding ring 270 which is sleeved on the outside of the fixing member 250 and located above the laser radar lens 100, and the light shielding ring 270 is configured to shield at least part of the light emitted by the transmitter 220 and directed toward the laser radar lens 100 after the light is changed by the reflector 283 through the transmitting
  • the laser radar 200 can also include a first shell 290, and the first shell 290 has an upper convex portion, which can accommodate the receiving mirror.
  • the first shell 290 can also provide an installation position for the receiving and transmitting assembly 210.
  • the first shell 290 can provide an installation position for the support member 281, which is convenient for the assembly of the support member 281, and at the same time, it is convenient for the driving assembly 282 to drive the support member 281 to rotate relative to the first shell 290.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

涉及智能家电技术领域,公开了一种激光雷达镜片(100)、激光雷达(200)和清洁机器人,激光雷达镜片(100)包括了镜片本体(110),镜片本体(110)包括了收口端和扩口端,镜片本体(110)在扩口端和收口端之间形成第一通光面(111),扩口端形成第二通光面(112),再结合第一通光面(111)为非球面,第二通光面(112)为凸面或平面,光线通过第一通光面(111)和第二通光面(112)进行传导,镜片本体(110)可以同时校正球差和慧差,使得激光雷达镜片(100)具有较好的光线汇聚能力,可以提升激光雷达(200)接收回波聚焦质量,进而在将激光雷达镜片(100)应用在激光雷达(200)之上时可以提高检测精度。

Description

激光雷达镜片、激光雷达和清洁机器人
本申请要求于202415日提交中国专利局、申请号为202420034800.4,申请名称为“激光雷达镜片、激光雷达和清洁机器人”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及智能家电技术领域,尤其涉及一种激光雷达镜片、激光雷达和清洁机器人。
背景技术
激光雷达因其测距的稳定性和高时效性广泛应用在电器中,传统技术中激光经由激光雷达发出后被物体反射,反射的激光通过接收镜之后再输送至接收器,处理器基于发出和接收的激光即可实现测距,发明人意识到传统技术中的激光雷达镜片的光线汇聚能力差,影响激光雷达的检查精度,尤其是镜片作为接收镜时会影响收回波聚焦质量。
申请内容
本申请旨在至少解决现有技术或相关技术中存在的技术问题之一。
为此,本申请的第一方面提供了一种激光雷达镜片。
本申请的第二方面提供了一种激光雷达。
本申请的第三方面提供了一种清洁机器人。
有鉴于此,根据本申请实施例的第一方面提出了一种激光雷达镜片,包括:
镜片本体,所述镜片本体包括扩口端和收口端;
其中,所述镜片本体在扩口端和收口端之间形成第一通光面,所述扩口端形成第二通光面;
其中,所述第一通光面为非球面,所述第二通光面为凸面或平面。
在一种可行的实施方式中,所述第一通光面的非球面表达式为:
其中,z为非球面上某一点到非球面顶点的距离;y为矢高,表示非球面上某一点到光轴的距离;R为第一通光面的曲率半径,取值范围为4至10mm;K为圆锥系数,取值范围为-3至0;A2为2次项系数,取值为0;A4为4次项系数,取值为-1×10^-3至1×10^-3;A6为6次项系数,取值为-1×10^-5至1×10^-5;A8为8次项系数,取值为-1×10^-6至1×10^-;A10为10次项系数,取值为-1×10^-8至1×10^-8;A12为12次项系数,取值为-1×10^-9至1×10^-9。
在一种可行的实施方式中,在所述第二通光面为凸面的情况下,所述第二通光面的曲率半径的取值为-10至-100。
在一种可行的实施方式中,R的取值范围为4至6;K的取值范围为-1.5至-0.5;A4的取值范围为1.5×10^-4至5×10^-4;A6的取值范围为1×10^-7至3×10^-7;A8的取值范围为3×10^-8至9×10^-8;A10的取值范围为-3×10^-10至-1×10^-10。
在一种可行的实施方式中,所述第二通光面的曲率半径的取值为-60至-30。
在一种可行的实施方式中,在所述第二通光面的外援轮廓的直径为10mm至20mm。
在一种可行的实施方式中,所述镜片本体中形成有贯通部。
在一种可行的实施方式中,所述贯通部的直径为5mm至10mm。
在一种可行的实施方式中,所述镜片本体的焦距范围为8mm至15mm;
其中,所述第二通光面的外援轮廓的直径与所述焦距范围的比值为0.8至2.2。
在一种可行的实施方式中,所述镜片本体由玻璃、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯或聚碳酸酯材料制成。
在一种可行的实施方式中,还包括:
安装部,所述安装部形成于所述扩口端的周侧;其中,所述激光雷达镜片的水口和/或浇口形成于所述安装部上
在一种可行的实施方式中,所述安装部的厚度为0.5mm至3mm。
在一种可行的实施方式中,所述镜片本体的高度与所述安装部的厚度的比值为2至6。
根据本申请实施例的第二方面提出了一种激光雷达,包括:
如上述任一技术方案所述激光雷达镜片,所述激光雷达镜片作为接收镜。
在一种可行的实施方式中,激光雷达还包括:
发射器,所述发射器用于发出光;
接发组件,所述接发组件用于接收经由接收镜返回的光和/或激发所述发射器;
线路,所述线路的一端连接于所述发射器,另一端连接于所述接发组件。
在一种可行的实施方式中,所述接发组件包括:
激发件所述线路的一端连接于所述激发件,另一端连接于所述发射器,所述激发件用于驱动所述发射器;
接收器,用于接收返回的光。
在一种可行的实施方式中,所述接发组件还包括:
编码器,所述线路的一端连接于所述编码器,另一端连接于所述发射器,所述编码器用于获取发出光的角度;
主控板,所述编码器连接于所述主控板,所述激发件连接于所述主控板,所述接收器设置在所述主控板上,所述主控板用于基于发出光和返回光进行测距。
在一种可行的实施方式中,激光雷达还包括:
发射镜,所述发射镜设置在所述接收镜背离于所述发射器的一侧;
固定件,所述接收镜中部形成有贯穿部,所述固定件设置在所述贯穿部内,所述发射镜连接于固定件;
压环,所述固定件朝向于所述发射镜的一侧形成有凹槽,所述压环设置在所述凹槽内,以对所述发射镜进行限位。
在一种可行的实施方式中,激光雷达还包括:
遮光环,所述遮光环套设在所述固定件之上;
其中,所述固定件由透明材料制成。
在一种可行的实施方式中,激光雷达还包括:光线调节组件,所述光线调节组件用于调节发射和/或返回的光的角度,所述光线调节组件包括:
支撑件,所述支撑件可相对于所述接收镜转动;
驱动组件,所述驱动组件用于驱动所述支撑件转动;
反射镜,所述反射镜设置在所述支撑件上,用于调节光的发射和输入角度。
在一种可行的实施方式中,激光雷达还包括:
第一壳体,所述第一壳体上形成有凸部,所述接收镜设置在所述凸部内,所述接发组件连接于所述第一壳体;
轴承,所述轴承套设在所述凸部上,所述支撑件连接于所述轴承;
第二壳体,所述第二壳体用于罩设在所述支撑件上,所述第二壳体之上形成有窗口,发出光经由所述窗口射出。
在一种可行的实施方式中,所述驱动组件包括:
驱动件和防尘盖,所述驱动件设置在所述第一壳体内,所述防尘盖连接于所述第一壳体,以封盖所述驱动件;
柔性传动件,所述驱动件通过所述柔性传动件连接于所述支撑件。
根据本申请实施例的第三方面提出了一种清洁机器人,包括:
机器人本体;
如上述任一技术方案所述的激光雷达,所述激光雷达连接于所述机器人本体。
相比现有技术,本申请至少包括以下有益效果:
本申请实施例提供的激光雷达镜片包括了镜片本体,镜片本体包括了收口端和扩口端,镜片本体在扩口端和收口端之间形成第一通光面,扩口端形成第二通光面,再结合第一通光面为非球面,第二通光面为凸面或平面,光线通过第一通光面和第二通光面进行传导,镜片本体可以同时校正球差和慧差,使得激光雷达镜片具有较好的光线汇聚能力,可以提升激光雷达接收回波聚焦质量,进而在将激光雷达镜片应用在激光雷达之上时可以提高检测精度。
附图说明
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述,各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的,而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在整个附图中,用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中:
图1为本申请提供的一种实施例的激光雷达镜片的第一个角度的示意性结构图;
图2为本申请提供的一种实施例的激光雷达镜片的第二个角度的示意性结构图;
图3为本申请提供的一种实施例的激光雷达镜片的第三个角度的示意性结构图;
图4为本申请提供的一种实施例的激光雷达镜片的第四个角度的示意性结构图;
图5为本申请提供的一种实施例的激光雷达的第一个角度的示意性结构图;
图6为本申请提供的一种实施例的激光雷达的第二个角度的示意性结构图;
图7为本申请提供的一种实施例的激光雷达的第三个角度的示意性结构图;
图8为本申请提供的一种实施例的激光雷达的光线调节组件的示意性结构图;
图9为本申请提供的一种实施例的激光雷达的光线调节组件的另一个角度的示意性结构图;
图10为本申请提供的一种实施例的激光雷达的线路的布置位置的示意性结构图;
图11为本申请提供的一种实施例的清洁机器人的示意性结构图。
其中,图1至图11中附图标记与部件名称之间的对应关系为:
100激光雷达镜片;
110镜片本体、120安装部;
111第一通光面、112第二通光面;
200激光雷达、210接发组件、220发射器、230线路、240发射镜、250固定件、260
压环、270遮光环、280光线调节组件、290第一壳体、300轴承、310第二壳体;
211编码器、212主控板、213激发件、214接收器、281支撑件、282驱动组件、283
反射镜;2821驱动件、2822防尘盖、2823柔性传动件;
311窗口;
2000机器人本体。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解上述技术方案,下面通过附图以及具体实施例对本申请实施例的技术方案做详细的说明,应当理解本申请实施例以及实施例中的具体特征是对本申请实施例技术方案的详细的说明,而不是对本申请技术方案的限定,在不冲突的情况下,本申请实施例以及实施例中的技术特征可以相互组合。
如图1至图4所示,根据本申请实施例的第一方面提出了一种激光雷达镜片100,包括:镜片本体110,镜片本体110包括扩口端和收口端;其中,镜片本体110在扩口端和收口端之间形成第一通光面111,扩口端形成第二通光面112;其中,第一通光面111为非球面,第二通光面112为凸面或平面。
本申请实施例提供的激光雷达镜片100包括了镜片本体110,镜片本体110包括了收口端和扩口端,镜片本体110在扩口端和收口端之间形成第一通光面111,扩口端形成第二通光面112,再结合第一通光面111为非球面,第二通光面112为凸面或平面,光线通过第一通光面111和第二通光面112进行传导,镜片本体110可以同时校正球差和慧差,使得激光雷达镜片100具有较好的光线汇聚能力,可以提升激光雷达200接收回波聚焦质量,进而在将激光雷达镜片100应用在激光雷达200之上时可以提高检测精度。
可以理解的是,由主轴上某一物点向光学系统发出的单色圆锥形光束,经光学系统折射后,如果不能交于主轴上的同一位置(比如穿过球面透镜边缘传播的光线会比穿过球面透镜中心传播的光线聚焦得更强烈),在主轴上的理想像平面处,形成一弥散光斑,则此光学系统的成像误差称为球差。通光第一通光面111为非球面结合第二通光面112为凸面或平面可以更好地校正球差。
可以理解的是,由位于主轴外的某一轴外物点的光,经该光学系统折射后,他们不再相交于一点,在垂轴方向也不与主光线相交,即相对主光线失去对称性。它在理想像平面处不能结成清晰点,而是结成拖着明亮尾巴的慧星形不对称弥散斑,则此光学系统的成像误差称为慧差。通光第一通光面111为非球面结合第二通光面112为凸面或平面可以更好地校正慧差。
如图1和图4所示,在一种可行的实施方式中,第二通光面112为凸面。
在该技术方案中,第二通光面112可以为凸面,较比第二通光面112为平面的情况,当第二通光面112为凸面时,镜片本体110可以更好地同时校正球差和慧差,即此时镜片具有较好的光线汇聚能力,可以提升激光雷达200接收回波聚焦质量。
在一种可行的实施方式中,第一通光面111的非球面表达式为:
其中,z为非球面上某一点到非球面顶点的距离;y为矢高,表示非球面上某一点到光轴的距离;R为第一通光面111的曲率半径,取值范围为4至10mm;K为圆锥系数,取值范围为-3至0;A2为2次项系数,取值为0;A4为4次项系数,取值为-1×10^-3至1×10^-3;A6为6次项系数,取值为-1×10^-5至1×10^-5;A8为8次项系数,取值为-1×10^-6至1×10^-;A10为10次项系数,取值为-1×10^-8至1×10^-8;A12为12次项系数,取值为-1×10^-9至1×10^-9。
在该技术方案中,进一步提供了第一通光面111的非球面表达式,如此设置进一步明确了第一通光面111的样式,使得第一通光面111能够更好地同时校正球差和慧差,进而更好地提高激光雷达镜片100的聚焦质量。
在该技术方案中,通过该非球面表达式的选取,一方面,非球面表达式为偶次非球面表达式,利用该表达式表示第一通光面111形状,可以提升激光雷达镜片焦性能;另一方面,利于提升第一通光面111形状设计优化速度,可以较快的收敛,获取最优参数组合;再一方面,所取的参数既可保证激光雷达镜片聚焦性能,又能尽量的压缩焦距,减小激光雷达高度。
在一种可行的实施方式中,在第二通光面112为凸面的情况下,第二通光面112的曲率半径的取值为-10至-100。
在该技术方案中,较比第二通光面112为平面的情况,第二通光面112为凸面的情况下,能够更好地提高聚焦质量,而在第二通光面112为凸面的情况下第二通光面112的曲率半径的取值为-10至-100,可以进一步提高聚焦质量。
可以理解的是,第二通光面112为平面能够降低激光雷达镜片100的生产成本。
在一种可行的实施方式中,R的取值范围为4至6;K的取值范围为-1.5至-0.5;A4的取值范围为1.5×10^-4至5×10^-4;A6的取值范围为1×10^-7至3×10^-7;A8的取值范围为3×10^-8至9×10^-8;A10的取值范围为-3×10^-10至-1×10^-10;第二通光面112的曲率半径的取值为-60至-30。
在该技术方案中,进一步提供了第一通光面111的参数的取值范围异界第二通光面112的参数的取值范围,如此设置可以能够更好地同时校正球差和慧差,进而更好地提高激光雷达镜片100的聚焦质量。同时通光明确第一通光面111和第二通光面112的参数,能够对激光雷达镜片100的形状进行确定,便于激光雷达镜片100的装配。
在一些示例中,优选地R的取值为5.1;K的取值为-0.9;A4的取值为2.9×10^-4;A6的取值为1.8×10^-7;A8的取值为6×10^-8;A10的取值为-1.4×10^-10;第二通光面112的曲率半径为-44,如此设置可以使激光雷达镜片具备更佳的聚焦质量,能够更好地校正球差和慧差。
在一种可行的实施方式中,在第二通光面112的外援轮廓的直径为10mm至20mm。如此设置进一步明确了激光雷达镜片100的尺寸,也就是说明确了激光雷达镜片100的最大直径范围,在保障回收波的收集效率的同时,能够使镜片本体110更加小巧,利于激光雷达200的小型化。
在一种可行的实施方式中,镜片本体110中形成有贯通部。
在一种可行的实施方式中,贯通部的直径为5mm至10mm。
在该技术方案中,进一步提供了镜片本体110的样式,镜片本体110中形成有贯通部,如此设置镜片本体110的中部可以设置用于固定发射器220和发射镜240的安装部120,利于同轴激光雷达200的组装,贯通部的直径为5mm至10mm在保障回收波的接收效率的同时,能够为其他部件提供足够的装配空间。
在一种可行的实施方式中,镜片本体110的焦距范围为8mm至15mm;其中,第二通光面112的外援轮廓的直径与焦距范围的比值为0.8至2.2。
其中,如图3所示,图3中D即为第二通光面112的外援轮廓的直径,在该技术方案中,进一步提供了镜片本体110的参数,镜片本体110的焦距范围为8mm至15mm如此设置便于经由镜片本体110的回收波向激光雷达200的接收器214上投射,能够提高检测精度,同时缩小激光雷达200的体积,第二通光面112的外援轮廓的直径与焦距范围的比值为0.8至2.2,如此设置使得激光雷达镜片100可以更好地接收回收波,即经由物体反射回的激光。
在该技术方案中,第二通光面112的外援轮廓的直径与焦距范围的比值为0.8至2.2,既能保证镜片本体110具有较好的回波聚焦质量,又能保证焦距足够短,利于减小激光雷达高度,便于清洁机器人安装。
在一种可行的实施方式中,镜片本体110由玻璃、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯或聚碳酸酯材料制成。如此设置可以保障镜片本体110具备良好的透光性。
在一种可行的实施方式中,激光雷达镜片100还包括:安装部120,安装部120形成于扩口端的周侧。如此设置便于激光雷达镜片100在激光雷达200上的装配,能够使激光雷达镜片100更稳固地固定在激光雷达200之上,降低了激光雷达镜片100松动的概率。
在一种可行的实施方式中,安装部120的厚度为0.5mm至3mm。如此设置,进一步明确了安装部120的厚度,通光厚度为0.5mm至3mm的选取,在保障了激光雷达镜片100能够稳固安装的同时,尽量降低了激光雷达镜片100的厚度,保障了聚焦质量。
如图1至图4所示,在一种可行的实施方式中,激光雷达镜片100的水口和/或浇口形成于安装部120上。如此设置,可以避免水口和浇口与第一通光面111或第二通光面112进行接触,保障第一通光面111和第二通光面112的加工精度。
在一种可行的实施方式中,镜片本体110的高度与安装部120的厚度的比值为2至6。
其中,如图4所示,图中h1即为镜片本体110的高度,h2为安装部120的厚度。在该技术方案中,进一步提供了镜片本体110的高度与安装部120的厚度的关系,通过将比值控制在2至6,可以在保证聚焦性能的前提下,利于减小镜片本体110的中心厚度与边缘厚度差,提升镜片本体110的可制造性,提升镜片本体110生产良率。
在一些示例中,优选地片本体110的高度与安装部120的厚度的比值为4.5或4.5左右,如此设置能够在保证聚焦性能的前提下,更好地提升镜片本体110的可制造性,提升镜片本体110生产良率。
如图5至图9所示,根据本申请实施例的第二方面提出了一种激光雷达200,包括:如上述任一技术方案激光雷达镜片100,激光雷达镜片100作为接收镜。
本申请实施例提供的激光雷达200,因包括了如上述任一技术方案的激光雷达镜片100,因此改激光雷达200具备上述技术方案的激光雷达镜片100的全部有益效果。
本申请实施例提供的激光雷达200的激光雷达镜片100包括了镜片本体110,镜片本体110包括了收口端和扩口端,镜片本体110在扩口端和收口端之间形成第一通光面111,扩口端形成第二通光面112,再结合第一通光面111为非球面,第二通光面112为凸面或平面,光线通过第一通光面111和第二通光面112进行传导,镜片本体110可以同时校正球差和慧差,使得激光雷达镜片100具有较好的光线汇聚能力,可以提升激光雷达200接收回波聚焦质量,进而在将激光雷达镜片100应用在激光雷达200之上时可以提高检测精度。
如图7和图9所示,在一种可行的实施方式中,激光雷达200还包括:接发组件210,接发组件210用于接收经由接收镜返回的光和/或激发发射器220;发射器220,发射器220用于发出光,发射器220位于接收镜和接发组件210之间;线路230,线路230的一端连接于发射器220,另一端连接于接发组件210。
在该技术方案中,激光雷达200包括了接收镜、接发组件210、发射器220和线路230,在使用过程中,发射器220发出激光,激光投射在物体之上会被折射,被折射的激光通过接收镜之后再反馈到接发组件210处,基于此激光雷达200即可基于发出的激光和接收的激光来确定物体的距离。本申请实施例提供的激光雷达200,较比传统技术中,将所有发射和接收器214件均布置在柔性板或FR4板的方案,对发射器220进行了独立设置,将发射器220与接发组件210分开设置,而后线路230一端连接于发射器220,另一端连接到接发组件210之上,基于此可以大大降低线路230的宽度,仅有线路230会对将接收镜的光路进行遮挡,一方面,遮挡光学接受面积大大减小,甚至影响可忽略,这样就有效提升了测量距离;另一方面应用在清洁机器人的激光雷达200在旋转测距过程中,在旋转到发射电路遮挡接收镜部分时,不会对测距精度产生影响,能够保障清洁机器人的控制精度;又一方面,因减少了遮挡面积,因此可以减小接收机的体积,进一步可以缩小激光雷达200的体积。
可以理解的是,接发组件210用于接收经由接收镜发出的光和/或激发发射器220,基于此可以将发射器220与其他模块分隔设置,能够有利于进一步减小线路230的宽度。
如图7和图9所示,在一种可行的实施方式中,接发组件210包括:激发件213,激发件213连接于主控板212,线路230的一端连接于激发件213,另一端连接于发射器230,激发件213用于驱动发射器220;接收器214,接收器214设置在主控板212上。
在一种可行的实施方式中,接发组件210还包括:编码器211,线路230的一端连接于编码器211,另一端连接于发射器220;主控板212,编码器211连接于主控板212;
在该技术方案中,进一步提供了接发组件210的结构组成,接发组件210可以包括编码器211、主控板212、激发件213和接收器214,基于此在使用过程中,主控板212可以通过激发件213来控制发射器220的开启或关闭,通过编码器211可以获知激光雷达200的转动位置,通过接收器214可以接收经由接收镜发出的光,而通过主控板212可以基于发出的激光和接收的激光来确定物体的距离,实现通过激光雷达200进行测距。
在该技术方案中,通过主控板212的设置,将发射器220与编码器211、主控板212、激发件213和接收器214进行间隔布置,线缆可以仅起到发射器220与主控板212通信,与编码器211通信的作用,线路230之上无需键合其他部件,因此可以降低线路230的宽度,进而减少对接收镜的遮挡,能够提高激光雷达200的性能,缩小激光雷达200的体积。
可以理解的是,主控板212之上还可以设置MosDriver,驱动MOSFET,外围阻容电路等,也就是说尽量将发射器220独立设置,将其他功能器件设置在主板之上,以尽量降低线缆宽度,减少对接收镜的遮挡。
如图7至图10所示,在一种可行的实施方式中,激光雷达200还包括:发射镜240,发射镜240设置在接收镜背离于发射器220的一侧。
在该技术方案中,激光雷达200还可以包括发射镜240,通过发射镜240的设置可以对经由发射器220发出的光进行调整,使得经由发射镜240投射出的光为平行光或近似为平行光,能够更好地进行测距。
如图7所示,在一种可行的实施方式中,激光雷达200还包括:固定件250,接收镜中部形成有贯穿部,固定件250设置在贯穿部内,发射镜240连接于固定件250;压环260,固定件250朝向于发射镜240的一侧形成有凹槽,压环260设置在凹槽内,以对发射镜240进行限位。
在一种可行的实施方式中,遮光环270,遮光环270套设在固定件250之上。
在该技术方案中,激光雷达200还可以包括固定件250、压环260和遮光环270,通过接收镜中部形成贯穿部,而后固定件250在设置在贯穿部之内,使得激光雷达200可以为共轴激光雷达200,能够进一步缩小激光雷达200的体积。
在该技术方案中,通过压环260对发射镜240进行固定,能够使得发射镜240的固定更加可靠,降低了发射镜240松动的概率,同时使得固定件250、压环260和发射镜240之间可以模块化装配,便于激光雷达200的组装。
在一些示例中,固定件250与接收镜的接触面可以为曲面,如此设置便于固定件250的定位,同时便于调节固定件250与接收镜之间的角度。
在该技术方案中,固定件250由透明材料制成,如此设置便于光线的穿过。
在本实施例中,发射器220和发射镜240分别安装在固定件250的相对两端,可以理解的是,固定件250的内部形成光路通道,发射器220发出的光线经固定件250内部由发射镜240投射出去,即固定件250的设置,使得发射器220和发射镜240的相对位置是固定的,即发射器220发射的光线经固定件250内部由发射镜240投射出去的方向是固定的,也就是说,发射器220发出的发射光线的方向相对于固定件250的轴线是固定的。通过固定件250安装在激光雷达镜片100(接收镜)的内部,且将激光雷达镜片100和固定件250的贴合面设置为球面接触,使得固定件250和激光雷达镜片100构成球关节,即固定件250和激光雷达镜片100的相对位置可调节。由此,通过调节固定件250的轴线和激光雷达镜片100的轴线相对位置,能够对发射器220发出的发射光线的方向与激光雷达镜片100的轴线的相对位置进行调节,进而能够万向调节发射光束的指向,满足发射光束不同指向的需求。同时,可以降低激光雷达200的加工精度要求,仍能保证发射器220发出的发射光线的方向与激光雷达镜片100的轴线的相对位置,进而降低制造成本,降低产品的不合格率,提高生产能力。
如目前相关技术中的激光雷达,其探测精度要求往往会超出制造能力,如依靠加工精度来保证激光雷达的激光发射的指向,为此,会导致激光雷达的成本较高、合格率较低。
而本实施例提供的激光雷达200,由于固定件250和激光雷达镜片100配置为球关节,在实际应用场景中,在装配过程中,可以先调节固定件250与发射镜240的相对位置,使发射器220的激光发射方向与激光雷达镜片100的光轴符合探测精度要求,然后利用粘结剂将固定件250与激光雷达镜片100固定住,即可完成发射器220与激光雷达镜片100的装配,并能够确保激光雷达200满足探测精度要求,为此,可以降低对各元件的加工精度要求,进而降低制造成本,且该种方式,能够提高产品的加工合格率,适于推广应用。
其中,固定件250设置为直筒状,将发射器220和发射镜240分别安装在固定件250的相对两端,能够形成准直光路。具体地,发射镜240位于发射器220的出射光路上,发射镜240的出射面朝向固定件250的外部,由此,将发射镜240和激光器安装在同一结构件内,能够形成准直光路。
其中,将激光雷达镜片100套设在安装有发射镜240和发射器220的固定件250的外部,与相关技术中发射透镜的光轴和接收透镜的光轴平行布置的激光雷达相比,能够大大减小激光雷达的体积,进而减小激光雷达200占用的空间,扩大激光雷达200的使用范围,并能够满足清洁机器人结构紧凑、体积较小的设计需求,同时,有利于降低激光雷达200的制造成本,进而满足清洁机器人低成本的设计需求。
如图8和图9所示,在一种可行的实施方式中,激光雷达200还包括:光线调节组件280,光线调节组件280用于调节发射和/或返回的光的角度。如此设置可以使激光雷达200进行多角度的测距。
如图8和图9所示,在一种可行的实施方式中,光线调节组件280包括:支撑件281,支撑件281可相对于接收镜转动;驱动组件282,驱动组件282用于驱动支撑件281转动;反射镜283,反射镜283设置在支撑件281上,用于调节光线的发射和输入角度。
在该技术方案中,进一步提供了光线调节组件280的结构组成,光线调节组件280可以包括支撑件281、驱动组件282和反射镜283,通过反射镜283的设置,反射镜283可以对激光进行反射,进而即可调节激光的发出和接收角度,而通过驱动组件282和支撑件281的设置,通过驱动组件282可以驱动支撑件281相对于接收镜转动,进而即可实现激光雷达200360°测距,提高了激光雷达200的适用范围,尤其是便于将激光雷达200应用在清洁机器人之上。
在本申请提供的一些可能实现的实施例中,激光雷达200还包括:反射镜283,反射镜283倾斜设置于发射镜240的上方,且反射镜283配置为以激光雷达镜片100的光轴为轴旋转;其中,发射器220发射的光线经过发射镜240后由反射镜283改变方向后射向障碍物,障碍物返回的接收光线由反射镜283改变方向后经过激光雷达镜片100被接收器214接收。由此,能够实现激光雷达200的测距,通过旋转的反射镜283配合发射镜240和发射器220,能够扩大发射器220的探测范围,进而能够实现对清洁机器人周围多个方向上的障碍物的探测。如反射镜283配置为以激光雷达镜片100的光轴为旋转轴可进行360°旋转,进而使得激光探测器能够对清洁机器人周围360°的方向上的障碍物进行探测,进而有利于提高清洁机器人的感知精度和感知的准确性,提高清洁机器人的运行精度。
其中,激光雷达200可以为飞行时间激光雷达,其原理是:利用激光束在空间中的传播速度和返射回来的时间来计算目标物体的距离。飞行时间激光雷达200具有高精度、高速度、高分辨率等优点,进而能够满足清洁机器人的功能需求。
在本申请提供的一些可能实现的实施例中,反射镜283相对于水平线的倾斜角度为45°至47°,其中,反射镜283相对于水平线的倾斜角为α,即α的范围为45°至47°。由此,能够确保反射镜283较为全面地将发射器220发出的发射光线改变方向后经窗口311投射出去,将返回的光线改变方向后较为全面地投射至接收器214以降低发射器220的能量损失,提高发射器220的能量利用率,提高激光雷达200的测距精度。
具体地,反射镜283相对于水平线的倾斜角α的范围可以为45°、45.5°、46°、47°、或其他角度。
在上述实施例中,反射镜283包括反射面和基体,反射面位于基体朝向窗口311的一侧,由此,能够确保发射器220发出的发射光线经反射镜283的反射面改变方向后经窗口311投射出去。其中,反射面可以为介质高反膜或金属反射膜,基体可以为玻璃或塑料。
在本申请提供的一些可能实现的实施例中,激光雷达200还包括:遮光环270,遮光环270套设在固定件250的外部,并位于激光雷达镜片100的上方,遮光环270配置为对发射器220发射的光线经发射镜240由反射镜283改变方向后射向激光雷达镜片100的至少部分光线进行遮挡。即遮光环270的设置,能够有效防止发射光束经反射镜283后产生的杂光返回激光雷达镜片100造成光串扰而影响测距精度的问题,进而有利于提高激光雷达200的探测精度。
其中,遮光环270与固定件250可以通过卡接结构和/或粘结剂连接,操作简单,方便安装,且能够保证遮光环270与固定件250可靠连接。具体地,遮光环270可以通过卡接结构或粘结剂与固定件250连接,或者,遮光环270可以同时通过卡接结构和粘结剂与固定件250连接。
其中,遮光环270与激光雷达镜片100之间设置有间隙,以使激光雷达镜片100和固定件250可相对活动,以在装配过程中,实现发射器220的激光射向相对于激光雷达镜片100的光轴可实现万向调节,避免遮光环270与激光雷达镜片100之间无缝布置而使固定件250和激光雷达镜片100卡死无法调节的问题。
如图5和图6所示,在一种可行的实施方式中,激光雷达200还包括:第一壳体290,第一壳体290上形成有凸部,接收镜设置在凸部内,接发组件210连接于第一壳体290;轴承300,轴承300套设在凸部上,支撑件281连接于轴承300;第二壳体310,第二壳体310用于罩设在支撑件281上,第二壳体310之上形成有窗口311,发出光经由窗口311射出。
在该技术方案中,激光雷达200还可以包括第一壳体290,第一壳体290之上行凸部,凸部可以对接收镜进行收纳,同时第一壳体290还可以为接发组件210提供安装位置,而通过在凸部的外侧布置轴承300,而支撑件281再连接到轴承300之上,即可通过第一壳体290为支撑件281提供安装位置,便于支撑件281的装配,同时便于驱动组件282驱动支撑件281相对于第一壳体290进行转动。
在该技术方案中,通过第二壳体310对支撑件281进行罩设,同时第二壳体310之上形成窗口311,便于激光的投射和采集,同时通过第一壳体290和第二壳体310可以对激光雷达200进行封装。
如图5和图6所示,在一种可行的实施方式中,驱动组件282包括:驱动件2821和防尘盖2822,驱动件2821设置在第一壳体290内,防尘盖2822连接于第一壳体290,以封盖驱动件2821;柔性传动件2823,驱动件2821通过柔性传动件2823连接于支撑件281。
在该技术方案中,进一步提供了驱动组件282的结构组成,驱动组件282可以包括驱动件2821和防尘盖2822,通过防尘盖2822与第一壳体290连接,防尘盖2822和第一壳体290可以对驱动件2821进行密封,降低灰尘侵入到驱动件2821的概率,保障了驱动件2821工作的可靠性。
在该技术方案中,驱动件2821连接于柔性传动件2823,而柔性传动件2823可以套设在支撑件281和驱动件2821的输出轴之上,基于此开启驱动件2821即可带动支撑件281进行转动。
在一些示例中,驱动组件282包括驱动件2821和柔性传动件2823,驱动件2821与第一壳体290连接,驱动件2821通过柔性传动件2823与支撑件281连接,以驱动支撑件281相对于第一壳体290转动。由此,使得支撑件281上的反射镜283能够以激光雷达镜片100的光轴为轴进行旋转,以扩大激光雷达200的探测范围,如驱动件2821可以驱动支撑件281相对于第一壳体290旋转360°,使得激光雷达200能够对清洁机器人周围360°的方向上的障碍物进行探测,进而有利于提高清洁机器人的感知精度和感知的准确性,提高清洁机器人的运行精度。
如图11所示,根据本申请实施例的第三方面提出了一种清洁机器人,包括:机器人本体2000;如上述任一技术方案的激光雷达200,激光雷达200连接于机器人本体2000。
本申请实施例提供的清洁机器人因包括了如上述任一技术方案的激光雷达200,因此盖清洁机器人具备上述技术方案的激光雷达200的全部有益效果。
本申请实施例提供的激光雷达200的激光雷达镜片100包括了镜片本体110,镜片本体110包括了收口端和扩口端,镜片本体110在扩口端和收口端之间形成第一通光面111,扩口端形成第二通光面112,再结合第一通光面111为非球面,第二通光面112为凸面或平面,光线通过第一通光面111和第二通光面112进行传导,镜片本体110可以同时校正球差和慧差,使得激光雷达镜片100具有较好的光线汇聚能力,可以提升激光雷达200接收回波聚焦质量,进而在将激光雷达镜片100应用在激光雷达200之上时可以提高检测精度。
本申请实施例提供的清洁机器人,激光雷达200包括了接收镜、接发组件210、发射器220和线路230,在使用过程中,发射器220发出激光,激光投射在物体之上会被折射,被折射的激光通过接收镜之后再反馈到接发组件210处,基于此激光雷达200即可基于发出的激光和接收的激光来确定物体的距离。本申请实施例提供的激光雷达200,较比传统技术中,将所有发射和接收器214件均布置在柔性板或FR4板的方案,对发射器220进行了独立设置,将发射器220与接发组件210分开设置,而后线路230一端连接于发射器220,另一端连接到接发组件210之上,基于此可以大大降低线路230的宽度,仅有线路230会对将接收镜的光路进行遮挡,一方面,遮挡光学接受面积大大减小,甚至影响可忽略,这样就有效提升了测量距离;另一方面清洁机器人在测距过程中,在旋转到发射电路遮挡接收镜部分时,不会对测距精度产生影响,能够保障清洁机器人的控制精度;又一方面,因减少了遮挡面积,因此可以减小接收机的体积,进一步可以缩小激光雷达200的体积。
在本申请中,术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述的目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性;术语“多个”则指两个或两个以上,除非另有明确的限定。术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语均应做广义理解,例如,“连接”可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;“相连”可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“前”、“后”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或单元必须具有特定的方向、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此,不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本说明书的描述中,术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“具体实施例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或实例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上仅为本申请的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本申请,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (23)

  1. 一种激光雷达镜片,其中,包括:
    镜片本体,所述镜片本体包括扩口端和收口端;
    其中,所述镜片本体在扩口端和收口端之间形成第一通光面,所述扩口端形成第二通光面;
    其中,所述第一通光面为非球面,所述第二通光面为凸面或平面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的激光雷达镜片,其中,所述第一通光面的非球面表达式为:
    其中,z为非球面上某一点到非球面顶点的距离;y为矢高,表示非球面上某一点到光轴的距离;R为第一通光面的曲率半径,取值范围为4至10mm;K为圆锥系数,取值范围为-3至0;A2为2次项系数,取值为0;A4为4次项系数,取值为-1×10^-3至1×10^-3;A6为6次项系数,取值为-1×10^-5至1×10^-5;A8为8次项系数,取值为-1×10^-6至1×10^-;A10为10次项系数,取值为-1×10^-8至1×10^-8;A12为12次项系数,取值为-1×10^-9至1×10^-9。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的激光雷达镜片,其中,
    在所述第二通光面为凸面的情况下,所述第二通光面的曲率半径的取值为-10至-100。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的激光雷达镜片,其中,
    R的取值范围为4至6;K的取值范围为-1.5至-0.5;A4的取值范围为1.5×10^-4至5×10^-4;A6的取值范围为1×10^-7至3×10^-7;A8的取值范围为3×10^-8至9×10^-8;A10的取值范围为-3×10^-10至-1×10^-10。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的激光雷达镜片,其中,
    所述第二通光面的曲率半径的取值为-60至-30。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的激光雷达镜片,其中,
    所述第二通光面的外援轮廓的直径为10mm至20mm。
  7. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的激光雷达镜片,其中,
    所述镜片本体中形成有贯通部。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的激光雷达镜片,其中,
    所述贯通部的直径为5mm至10mm。
  9. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的激光雷达镜片,其中,
    所述镜片本体的焦距范围为8mm至15mm;
    其中,所述第二通光面的外援轮廓的直径与所述焦距范围的比值为0.8至2.2。
  10. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的激光雷达镜片,其中,
    所述镜片本体由玻璃、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯或聚碳酸酯材料制成。
  11. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的激光雷达镜片,其中,还包括:
    安装部,所述安装部形成于所述扩口端的周侧;
    其中,所述激光雷达镜片的水口和/或浇口形成于所述安装部上。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的激光雷达镜片,其中,
    所述安装部的厚度为0.5mm至3mm。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的激光雷达镜片,其中,
    所述镜片本体的高度与所述安装部的厚度的比值为2至6。
  14. 一种激光雷达,其中,包括:
    如权利要求1至13中任一项所述激光雷达镜片,所述激光雷达镜片作为接收镜。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的激光雷达,其中,还包括:
    发射器,所述发射器用于发出光;
    接发组件,所述接发组件用于接收经由接收镜返回的光和/或激发所述发射器;
    线路,所述线路的一端连接于所述发射器,另一端连接于所述接发组件。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的激光雷达,其中,所述接发组件包括:
    激发件,所述线路的一端连接于所述激发件,另一端连接于所述发射器,所述激发件用于驱动所述发射器;
    接收器,用于接收返回的光。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的激光雷达,其中,所述接发组件还包括:
    编码器,所述线路的一端连接于所述编码器,另一端连接于所述发射器,所述编码器用于获取发出光的角度;
    主控板,所述编码器连接于所述主控板,所述激发件连接于所述主控板,所述接收器设置在所述主控板上,所述主控板用于基于发出光和返回光进行测距。
  18. 根据权利要求15所述的激光雷达,其中,还包括:
    发射镜,所述发射镜设置在所述接收镜背离于所述发射器的一侧;
    固定件,所述接收镜中部形成有贯穿部,所述固定件设置在所述贯穿部内,所述发射镜连接于固定件;
    压环,所述固定件朝向于所述发射镜的一侧形成有凹槽,所述压环设置在所述凹槽内,以对所述发射镜进行限位。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的激光雷达,其中,还包括:
    遮光环,所述遮光环套设在所述固定件之上。
  20. 根据权利要求15所述的激光雷达,其中,还包括:光线调节组件,所述光线调节组件用于调节发射和/或返回的光的角度,所述光线调节组件包括:
    支撑件,所述支撑件可相对于所述接收镜转动;
    驱动组件,所述驱动组件用于驱动所述支撑件转动;
    反射镜,所述反射镜设置在所述支撑件上,用于调节光的发射和返回角度。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的激光雷达,其中,还包括:
    第一壳体,所述第一壳体上形成有凸部,所述接收镜设置在所述凸部内,所述接发组件连接于所述第一壳体;
    轴承,所述轴承套设在所述凸部上,所述支撑件连接于所述轴承;
    第二壳体,所述第二壳体用于罩设在所述支撑件上,所述第二壳体之上形成有窗口,发出光经由所述窗口射出。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的激光雷达,其中,所述驱动组件包括:
    驱动件和防尘盖,所述驱动件设置在所述第一壳体内,所述防尘盖连接于所述第一壳体,以封盖所述驱动件;
    柔性传动件,所述驱动件通过所述柔性传动件连接于所述支撑件。
  23. 一种清洁机器人,其中,包括:
    机器人本体;
    如权利要求14至22中任一项所述的激光雷达,所述激光雷达连接于所述机器人本体。
PCT/CN2025/070506 2024-01-05 2025-01-03 激光雷达镜片、激光雷达和清洁机器人 Pending WO2025146147A1 (zh)

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