WO2025123787A1 - 流线型深水节点压电检波器及海洋地震节点 - Google Patents

流线型深水节点压电检波器及海洋地震节点 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025123787A1
WO2025123787A1 PCT/CN2024/115201 CN2024115201W WO2025123787A1 WO 2025123787 A1 WO2025123787 A1 WO 2025123787A1 CN 2024115201 W CN2024115201 W CN 2024115201W WO 2025123787 A1 WO2025123787 A1 WO 2025123787A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
piezoelectric
ceramic tube
connector
piezoelectric ceramic
node
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Application number
PCT/CN2024/115201
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
任文静
王钗
陈永兵
袁辰
尚永生
马俊欣
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China National Petroleum Corp
BGP Inc
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China National Petroleum Corp
BGP Inc
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Publication of WO2025123787A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025123787A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
    • G01V1/18—Receiving elements, e.g. seismometer, geophone or torque detectors, for localised single point measurements
    • G01V1/181—Geophones
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
    • G01V1/18—Receiving elements, e.g. seismometer, geophone or torque detectors, for localised single point measurements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/38—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for water-covered areas
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of deepwater geophysical exploration equipment, and in particular to a streamlined deepwater node piezoelectric geophone and an ocean seismic node.
  • Offshore oil exploration and acquisition technologies are mainly divided into offshore towed cable acquisition technology, submarine cable acquisition technology, submarine seismograph, and submarine node acquisition technology.
  • the submarine node acquisition technology is to record the seismic signals excited by the source ship in the seawater and reflected by the stratum interface under the seabed through node seismographs deployed on the seabed.
  • seafloor node seismometers are cheaper and more convenient and accurate to deploy.
  • the node seismometer on the seabed is a four-component acquisition equipment.
  • the piezoelectric detector is a core component of the front-end acquisition in the seabed node. It uses the piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric element to convert the sound pressure signal in the seawater into an electrical signal.
  • the mainstream piezoelectric detectors on the market have a large radial size, resulting in poor resistance to water flow impact.
  • the vibration of the node will be directly transmitted to the detection component of the piezoelectric detector, affecting the quality of the seabed node data acquisition, and then affecting the quality of the subsequent seismic profile data processing.
  • the present invention provides a streamlined deep-water node piezoelectric detector and an ocean seismic node.
  • the present invention provides a streamlined deep-water node piezoelectric detector, comprising a detection component, a connector and a sound-transmitting layer, wherein the sound-transmitting layer is connected to the end of the connector and forms a cavity inside the sound-transmitting layer,
  • the detection component comprises a piezoelectric ceramic tube arranged inside the cavity and end covers for sealing the two ends of the piezoelectric ceramic tube, wherein one of the end covers is provided with two electrodes, wherein one electrode is connected to the inner wall of the piezoelectric ceramic tube, and the other electrode is connected to the outer wall of the piezoelectric ceramic tube, and the two electrodes are connected to a circuit module through a cable, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic tube is coaxial with the connector and the end cover provided with the electrodes and the connector are spaced apart along the axial direction of the piezoelectric ceramic tube.
  • a support rod is provided inside the piezoelectric ceramic tube, and the two ends of the support rod are The two end caps are respectively connected.
  • the end cover is provided with a first connection hole connected to the support rod and a second connection hole for connecting to the two electrodes, and the two second connection holes are symmetrically arranged relative to the first connection hole along the axial direction of the end cover.
  • a receiving cavity is formed at the end of the connector, and the end of the electrode can be inserted into the receiving cavity, so that the electrode and the cable are connected in the receiving cavity.
  • a fixing layer is formed inside the accommodating cavity, and the cable passes through the fixing layer.
  • one end of the support rod passes through the end cover and extends into the fixed layer.
  • a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod are respectively provided at both ends of the support rod, the first connecting rod is connected to the first end cover, and the second connecting rod is connected to the second end cover.
  • first connecting rod is threadedly connected to the first end cover
  • second connecting rod is threadedly connected to the second end cover
  • a first sealing groove is provided on the outer periphery of one end of the connector close to the piezoelectric ceramic tube, and a first sealing ring matching the first sealing groove is provided on the inner wall of the sound-transmitting layer.
  • a second sealing groove is provided on the outer periphery of one end of the connector away from the piezoelectric ceramic tube, and the second sealing groove is used to connect with a second sealing ring on the marine seismic node.
  • the sound-transmitting layer adopts a columnar structure, and the end of the sound-transmitting layer is hemispherical.
  • the sound-transmitting layer is formed by casting.
  • the thickness of the sound-transmitting layer is 2-3 mm.
  • the distance between the end of the piezoelectric ceramic tube and the end of the connector is 5-10 mm.
  • the present invention also provides an ocean seismic node, comprising any one of the above-mentioned streamlined deep-water node piezoelectric detectors.
  • the piezoelectric geophone provided by the present invention adopts a streamlined setting mode, which can effectively reduce the size of the piezoelectric geophone along the radial direction, and increase the ability of the piezoelectric geophone to resist water flow impact.
  • the piezoelectric ceramic tube and the connector are spaced apart. After the vibration of the node is transmitted to the connector, the vibration will not be transmitted to the piezoelectric ceramic tube or will be transmitted to the piezoelectric ceramic tube in a small amount, thereby making the piezoelectric ceramic tube unaffected by the node vibration or less affected by the node vibration, thereby increasing the quality of data collected by the piezoelectric geophone and increasing the quality of subsequent seismic profile data processing.
  • FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a streamlined deep-water node piezoelectric geophone according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG2 is a cross-sectional view of a streamlined deep-water node piezoelectric geophone according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a connector according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the streamlined deep-water node piezoelectric detector provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes a detection component 1, a connector 2 and a sound-transmitting layer 3, wherein the sound-transmitting layer 3 is connected to the end of the connector 2 and forms a cavity inside the sound-transmitting layer 3, wherein the cavity inside the sound-transmitting layer 3 partially accommodates the end of the connector 2, and the other part is used to accommodate the detection component 1, so that the detection component 1 and the connector 2 are arranged opposite to each other in the cavity.
  • the sound-transmitting layer 3 has good sound permeability and can protect the detection component 1.
  • the sound-transmitting layer 3 is preferably made of polyurethane material, and the sound-transmitting layer 3 is formed by casting the polyurethane material to ensure the sealing effect, and the polyurethane material has good sound permeability.
  • the detection assembly 1 includes a piezoelectric ceramic tube 11 disposed inside a cavity and end caps for sealing both ends of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11.
  • the detection assembly 1 is used to sense seismic exploration signals.
  • piezoelectric ceramics have a piezoelectric effect. When force or pressure is applied, electric charge or voltage is generated. Therefore, piezoelectric ceramics have important applications in the field of sensors.
  • Two electrodes 14 are provided on one of the end caps, specifically, two electrodes 14 are provided on the second end cap 13.
  • the design of the two electrodes 14 is not limited and can be designed according to actual needs.
  • One electrode 14 is connected to the inner wall of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11, and the other electrode 14 is connected to the outer wall of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11.
  • the two electrodes 14 are connected to the circuit module through the cable 4.
  • the inner wall and outer wall of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11 are used as a positive electrode and a negative electrode, respectively.
  • the outer wall of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11 is used as the negative electrode.
  • the outer wall of the inner wall of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11 is used as the positive electrode. It can be seen that the distribution of the positive and negative electrodes of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11 is not limited and can be selected according to the difficulty of manufacturing.
  • the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11 is coaxial with the connector 2, and the end cover provided with the electrode 14 is spaced apart from the connector 2 along the axial direction of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11.
  • the axis of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11 coincides with the axis of the connector 2
  • the second end cover 13 is spaced apart from the connector 2 along the axial direction of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11 to avoid direct contact between the connector 2 and the second end cover 13, thereby avoiding direct contact between the connector 2 and the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11.
  • the sound-transmitting layer 3 can be formed by casting.
  • the coaxial arrangement of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11 and the connector 2 can make the thickness of the sound-transmitting layer 3 formed by casting uniform, so that the sound-transmitting layer 3 has good pressure resistance, so that the sound-transmitting layer 3 can play a good protective role for the detection component 1.
  • the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11 and the connector 2 are arranged at intervals so that after the vibration of the node is transmitted to the connector 2, the vibration will not be transmitted to the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11 or will be transmitted to the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11 in small amounts, so as to avoid affecting the use of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11.
  • the piezoelectric geophone provided by the present invention adopts a streamlined setting mode, which can effectively reduce the size of the piezoelectric geophone along the radial direction, increase the piezoelectric geophone's ability to resist water flow impact, and at the same time, the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11 and the connector 2 are spaced apart. After the vibration of the node is transmitted to the connector 2, the vibration will not be transmitted to the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11 or will be transmitted to the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11 in small amounts, thereby making the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11 unaffected by the node vibration or less affected by the node vibration, thereby increasing the quality of the data collected by the piezoelectric geophone and the quality of the subsequent seismic profile data processing.
  • the piezoelectric geophone under this design mode can be applied to seismic exploration in deeper and more complex waters, and improve the quality of seismic profile data processing.
  • the inner wall of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11 is used as the positive electrode, and the outer wall of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11 is used as the negative electrode, which is achieved by silver plating the inner wall and the outer wall of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11.
  • the silver plating method and the method of using the inner wall and the outer wall of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11 as the positive electrode and the negative electrode respectively are conventional technologies, so the construction method and principle thereof are not described in detail here.
  • the silver plating method is adopted because silver has good electrical conductivity and excellent chemical stability, and is suitable for use as the electrode 14 material of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11, specifically for the following reasons:
  • Silver is one of the best electrical conductors with very low resistance. By plating the silver electrode 14 on the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11, good current conduction and electrode 14 connection can be provided.
  • the interface between silver and the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11 has low contact resistance and contact characteristics of the electrode 14.
  • the plating of the silver electrode 14 can provide good contact between the electrode 14 and the ceramic and reduce resistance loss.
  • Chemical stability Silver can maintain good chemical stability under common environmental conditions and is not easily oxidized or corroded. This is crucial for protecting the piezoelectric ceramic electrode 14 from the influence of the external environment and ensuring the long-term stability of the performance of the electrode 14.
  • Anti-oxidation layer The outer layer of silver can form a dense oxide layer, which helps to protect the ceramic surface from the influence of oxygen and humid environment. This is crucial to improve the service life and reliability of piezoelectric ceramic components. In the application of piezoelectric ceramics, the use of silver-plated electrodes 14 can provide better electrical performance, stability and reliability, ensuring the effective play of the piezoelectric effect.
  • a support rod 15 is provided inside the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11, and both ends of the support rod 15 are respectively connected to the two end covers, wherein the connection method between the two ends of the support rod 15 and the first end cover 12 and the second end cover 13 is not restricted and can be designed according to actual needs.
  • the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11 can be connected to the two end covers into a stable integral structure.
  • the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11 is a single-tube design and is made of PZT5 material.
  • the support rod 15 is a cylindrical structure, and the first connecting rod 151 and the second connecting rod 152 are respectively provided at both ends of the support rod 15.
  • the first connecting rod 151, the second connecting rod 152 and the support rod 15 are integrally formed to increase the structural strength of the support rod 15.
  • the first connecting rod 151 is connected to the first end cover 12, and the second connecting rod 152 is connected to the second end cover 13.
  • the outer periphery of the first connecting rod 151 and the second connecting rod 152 are both provided with threads, so that the first connecting rod 151 is threadedly connected to the first end cover 12, and the second connecting rod 152 is threadedly connected to the second end cover 13, so that the first end cover 12 and the second end cover 13 are respectively covered on the first end and the second end of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11, thereby realizing the connection between the first end cover 12, the second end cover 13 and the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11.
  • a threaded hole is provided in the middle of the first end cover 12, and the threaded hole is coaxially arranged with the first end cover 12.
  • the first connecting rod 151 is screwed into the threaded hole to achieve the connection between the first end cover 12 and the first connecting rod 151.
  • a through hole is provided in the middle of the second end cover 13, and the through hole is coaxially arranged with the second end cover 13, so that the second connecting rod 152 can pass through the through hole and be screwed by a nut.
  • the second end cap 13 is connected to the second connecting rod 152 by screwing on the extended end of the second connecting rod 152.
  • the first end cap 12 and the second end cap 13 are made of the same material, which is zirconium oxide.
  • the end cap is provided with a first connection hole connected to the support rod 15 and a second connection hole for connecting to the two electrodes 14.
  • the first connection hole here is the above-mentioned through hole.
  • the end cap and the support rod 15 are limited by the above-mentioned nut connection method, and the second connection hole and the electrode 14 are connected by plugging.
  • the two second connection holes are symmetrically arranged along the axial direction of the end cap relative to the first connection hole. This design method makes the two second connection holes and the first connection hole on the same straight line, and the straight line extends along the radial direction of the second end cap 13.
  • the electrode 14 is made of a metal material with a gold-plated surface, so that it has good electrical conductivity.
  • the installation steps of the detection component 1 of this application are as follows:
  • Two electrodes 14 are mounted on the second end cap 13, and the electrodes 14 are marked, one electrode 14 is a positive electrode, and the other electrode 14 is a negative electrode.
  • a thin wire is welded to the lower end of the positive electrode column, and the other end of the thin wire is connected to the inner wall of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11, and the size is preferably set to 25 mm.
  • the first end cap 12 is threadedly connected to one end of the support rod 15, and the other end of the support rod 15 passes through the through holes on the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11 and the second end cap 13.
  • Use an M2 nut to screw on the protruding end of the support rod 15 to compress the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11, the first end cap 12, and the second end cap 13.
  • the negative pole of the electrode 14 is connected to the outer wall of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11 through a section of silver wire, and the silver wire is welded to the outer wall of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11, wherein three welding points are required between the silver wire and the outer wall of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11, and the welding time of each welding point cannot exceed 10 seconds, because the outer wall of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11 is a silver-plated layer, and if the welding time is too long, the silver layer will fall off, and the capacitance and dielectric constant will change, thereby affecting the sensitivity of the piezoelectric detector.
  • a accommodating cavity is formed at the end of the connector 2, which is connected to the internal cavity of the sound-transmitting layer 3.
  • the accommodating cavity can allow the end of the electrode 14 to extend into, so that the electrode 14 and the cable 4 are connected in the accommodating cavity, effectively protecting the connection position between the electrode 14 and the cable 4.
  • the sound-permeable layer 3 is formed by casting, and the cast liquid will enter the accommodating cavity through the opening of the accommodating cavity to form a fixed layer inside the accommodating cavity.
  • the fixed layer covers the portion of the electrode 14 extending out of the second end cap 13, the connection between the electrode 14 and the cable 4, and the outer periphery of the portion of the cable in the accommodating cavity.
  • the cable 4 passes through the fixed layer, and the cable 4 passing through the fixed layer passes through the connector 2 to be connected to the circuit module of the marine seismic node.
  • one end of the support rod 15 passes through the end cap and extends into the fixed layer.
  • the second connecting rod 152 of the support rod 15 passes through the second end cap 13 and extends into the accommodating cavity.
  • the sound-permeable layer 3 is formed by pouring. During the pouring process, the poured liquid will enter the accommodating cavity through the opening of the accommodating cavity to form a fixed layer inside the accommodating cavity, so that the fixed layer can cover the outer periphery of the second connecting rod 152.
  • the lower fixing layer and the sound-transmitting layer 3 are an integrated structure, which can increase the connection effect between the sound-transmitting layer 3 and the support rod 15, and at the same time increase the connection effect between the sound-transmitting layer 3 and the connector 2, and at the same time ensure the sealing effect when the cable 4 passes through the connector 2.
  • the end of the connector 2 close to the detector component 1 is provided with a flared end, the inner wall of the flared end forms a first slope surface, and the outer periphery of the end of the second end cover 13 close to the connector 2 is formed with a second slope surface, and the first slope surface matches the second slope surface.
  • the first slope surface and the second slope surface are spaced apart along the axial direction of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11, and an annular fluid channel is directly formed between the first slope surface and the second slope surface.
  • the liquid will enter the accommodating cavity along the fluid channel between the first slope surface and the second slope surface, so that the fluid can smoothly enter the accommodating cavity, ensuring the formation effect of the fixed layer.
  • a first sealing groove 21 is provided on the outer periphery of one end of the connector 2 close to the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11, and a first sealing ring matching the first sealing groove 21 is provided on the inner wall of the sound-transmitting layer 3. This design can increase the sealing performance of the connection between the connector 2 and the sound-transmitting layer 3.
  • the sound-transmitting layer 3 is formed by casting.
  • a first sealing groove 21 is provided on the outer periphery of one end of the connector 2 close to the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11.
  • the sound-transmitting layer 3 forms a first sealing ring at a position corresponding to the first sealing groove 21, thereby increasing the connection strength and sealing of the sound-transmitting layer 3 and the connector 2.
  • the connector 2 is used as a connector to install the streamlined deep-water node piezoelectric detector on the marine seismic node.
  • a mounting position is provided on the marine seismic node, wherein the connector 2 and the mounting position of the marine seismic node can be connected by plug-in connection or by threaded connection, and can be designed according to actual needs.
  • the connector 2 and the installation position of the marine seismic node are preferably connected by bolts.
  • the installation position of the marine seismic node is provided with a connecting sleeve
  • the inner wall of the connecting sleeve is provided with an internal thread threadedly connected to the connector 2
  • the inner wall of the end of the connecting sleeve is provided with a second sealing groove 22.
  • the second sealing ring is inserted into the second sealing groove 22 to increase the firmness of the connector 2 and the marine seismic node. Sealing effect between points.
  • the interior of the connector 2 has a perforation, which is connected to the accommodating cavity, so that the cable 4 can pass through the accommodating cavity and the perforation in sequence and connect to the circuit module of the marine seismic node.
  • the diameter of the perforation is smaller than the diameter of the accommodating cavity, and the perforation is only required for the cable 4 to pass through. A fixed layer needs to be formed in the accommodating cavity.
  • An operating part is provided on the outer periphery of the connector 2, and the operating parts are extended from both ends of the connector 2. Taking the direction shown in Figure 2 as an example, the part of the left end of the connector 2 extending from the operating part is connected to the sound-transmitting layer 3, and the part of the right end of the connector 2 extending from the operating part is connected to the installation position of the marine seismic node.
  • the operating part is a twist block 23 disposed on the periphery of the connector 2.
  • the thickness of the twist block 23 is 7-9 mm.
  • the thickness of the twist block 23 is 8 mm.
  • the peripheral structure of the twist block 23 can be designed in a hexagonal shape, which is convenient for manual or external tool operation of the twist block 23, so as to screw the connector 2 by rotating the twist block 23, thereby facilitating the connection between the connector 2 and the marine seismic node. It is understandable that the twist block 23 can also adopt other polygonal structures, as long as it is convenient for the staff to operate or for the staff to operate with the help of external tools.
  • a sealing slot can be provided at the right end of the twist block 23, and correspondingly, a sealing block can also be provided at a position corresponding to the installation position of the marine seismic node.
  • the sealing block is inserted into the sealing slot until the end of the sealing block is in complete contact with the bottom of the sealing slot, and the twist block 23 is screwed into place to achieve a sealed connection between the twist block 23 and the installation position of the marine seismic node.
  • a sealing gasket may be provided at the bottom end of the sealing slot, so that after the twist block 23 is screwed into place, the end of the sealing block is supported on the sealing gasket.
  • the connector 2 at the right end of the torsion block 23 is cylindrical in design, and the outer periphery of the connector 2 of this part has a second sealing groove 22 and a thread, and the size of the connector 2 of this part is adapted to the fixed position size of the piezoelectric detector reserved for the marine seismic node, so as to facilitate better connection.
  • the connector 2 at the left end of the torsion block 23 is also cylindrical in design, and the outer periphery of the connector 2 of this part has two first sealing grooves 21, and the connector 2 of this part is connected to the detector assembly 1 through the sound-transmitting layer 3 made of polyurethane, and the central axis of the connector 2 and the detector assembly 1 are kept coincident.
  • the assembled detector assembly 1 (the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11 and the two end caps are connected by the support rod 15) is connected to the cable 4, and the cable 4 passes through the connector 2.
  • a certain distance must be kept between the detector assembly 1 and the connector 2, and the detector assembly 1 and the connector 2 must be kept in a vertical state.
  • This process is achieved by placing the detector assembly 1 and the connector 2 in a single casting mold, using polyurethane material to melt at high temperature and then cool and shape.
  • the streamlined deep-water node piezoelectric detector under this design method is small in size, simple in process, resistant to high hydrostatic pressure, and low in noise.
  • the cable 4 of the present application is made of high temperature and high pressure resistant material. During the pouring process, the polyurethane must be melted at a temperature of 80°.
  • the cable 4 is a two-core cable 4 with a shielding layer, one end of which is connected to the positive and negative electrodes 14 of the detection component 1, and the other end needs to pass through the connector 2 and then be connected to the circuit module of the marine seismic node through a three-core connector to achieve the purpose of transmitting the collected data.
  • cable 4 has a white line and a blue line, the white line of cable 4 is connected to the positive electrode, and the blue line is connected to the negative electrode.
  • each welding point must be provided with an insulating sleeve, otherwise the insulation resistance between the positive and negative electrodes of the piezoelectric detector and the connector 2 will become smaller, resulting in a decrease in the sensitivity of the piezoelectric detector.
  • the other end of cable 4 needs to pass through connector 2, and then be connected to the circuit module of the marine seismic node through a three-core connector.
  • pin 1 is the negative electrode
  • pin 2 is the positive electrode
  • pin 3 is the shielding layer. This can greatly reduce the basic noise of the acquisition channel of the circuit module of the marine seismic node and improve the quality of the acquired data.
  • the sound-transmitting layer 3 of the present application has the functions of withstanding high hydrostatic pressure, protecting the detection component 1, and transmitting vibration-sensing sound wave signals.
  • the sound-transmitting layer 3 is tightly connected to the detection component 1 of the piezoelectric detector, maintaining good coupling, and can completely transmit the seismic wave signal in the water detected by the piezoelectric detector to the detection component 1 of the piezoelectric detector.
  • the thickness of the sound-transmitting layer 3 depends on the sensitivity of the piezoelectric detector. The thinner the sound-transmitting layer 3, the higher the sensitivity of the piezoelectric detector. Conversely, the thicker the sound-transmitting layer 3, the lower the sensitivity of the piezoelectric detector. At the same time, the thinner the sound-transmitting layer 3, the lower the protection strength of the piezoelectric detector. Therefore, it is necessary to balance the relationship between the two. Among them, the thickness of the sound-transmitting layer 3 is 2-3mm.
  • the shape of the sound-transmitting layer 3 adopts a columnar structure, and the end of the sound-transmitting layer 3 is hemispherical, that is, the end of the sound-transmitting layer 3 is designed to be hemispherical.
  • This shape of piezoelectric detector is not only resistant to water flow impact and can withstand high hydrostatic pressure, but also can reduce noise, and is more suitable for the needs of deep-water exploration.
  • the sound-transmitting layer 3 is formed by casting.
  • the sound-transmitting layer 3 has a good fit with the detection component 1, maintains good coupling, and can completely transmit the seismic wave signal in the water detected by the piezoelectric detector to the detection component 1 of the piezoelectric detector.
  • the formation of the sound-transmitting layer 3 needs to be achieved through a secondary casting mold.
  • the thickness of the sound-transmitting layer 3 is simulated and analyzed using mechanical simulation software.
  • the thickness of the sound-transmitting layer 3 is controlled at 2-3mm, which can meet the design requirements.
  • the thickness of the sound-transmitting layer 3 of the piezoelectric geophone is preferably set to 3mm.
  • the distance between the end of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11 and the end of the connector 2 is 5-10 mm.
  • the connector 2 will not affect the normal use of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11, and avoid increasing the overall length of the streamlined deep-water node piezoelectric geophone, so that the streamlined deep-water node piezoelectric geophone is smaller in size, reducing the space occupied when installed in the marine seismic node, and meeting the use requirements.
  • Step S1 install two electrodes 14 on the second end cap 13, and mark the electrodes 14 as positive and negative, weld a thin wire to the lower end of the positive pole, and connect the other end of the thin wire to the inner wall of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11, thread the first end cap 12 to one end of the support rod 15, and pass the other end of the support rod 15 through the through holes on the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11 and the second end cap 13, and use an M2 nut to screw on the protruding end of the support rod 15 to compress the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11, the first end cap 12 and the second end cap 13.
  • Step S2 connect the assembled detection component 1 to the cable 4, specifically, the white wire of the cable 4 is connected to the positive electrode, and the blue wire is connected to the negative electrode.
  • each welding point must be provided with an insulating sleeve.
  • the end of the cable 4 away from the detection component 1 passes through the connector 2 and is connected to the circuit module of the marine seismic node through a three-core connector.
  • Step S1 install two electrodes 14 on the second end cap 13, and mark the electrodes 14, one electrode 14 is the positive electrode, and the other electrode 14 is the negative electrode.
  • a thin wire is welded to the lower end of the positive electrode column, and the other end of the thin wire is connected to the inner wall of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11.
  • the first end cap 12 is threadedly connected to one end of the support rod 15, and the other end of the support rod 15 passes through the through holes on the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11 and the second end cap 13.
  • Use an M2 nut to screw on the protruding end of the support rod 15 to compress the piezoelectric ceramic tube 11, the first end cap 12, and the second end cap 13.
  • Step S2 connect the assembled detection component 1 to the cable 4, specifically, the white wire of the cable 4 is connected to the positive electrode, and the blue wire is connected to the negative electrode.
  • each welding point must be provided with an insulating sleeve.
  • the end of the cable 4 away from the detection component 1 passes through the connector 2 and is connected to the circuit module of the marine seismic node through a three-core connector.
  • Step S4 placing the component obtained in step S3 into a secondary casting mold, and casting polyurethane therein to form a sound-transmitting layer 3 of a preset thickness.
  • the present invention also provides a marine seismic node, including the above-mentioned streamlined deep-water node piezoelectric geophone, wherein the streamlined deep-water node piezoelectric geophone includes all the technical features of the above-mentioned streamlined deep-water node piezoelectric geophone.
  • the marine seismic node is a multi-component seismograph located on the seabed that can independently collect and record seismic signals. It has the characteristics of wide azimuth, high coverage, high construction efficiency, multi-component recording, and strong feasibility in complex terrain. It is the current mainstream method of marine seismic acquisition.
  • the marine seismic node should also include a battery module and a circuit structure.
  • the circuit structure has a circuit module and a three-component detector.
  • the battery module is used to provide power to the three-component detector and other components.
  • the circuit module is connected to the three-component detector and the streamlined deep-water node piezoelectric detector circuit of the present application.
  • the circuit module is connected to the electrode 14 of the streamlined deep-water node piezoelectric detector through a cable 4.
  • the three-component detector is a special detector used in multi-wave exploration. Unlike single-component conventional seismic detectors, each detector is equipped with three mutually perpendicular sensors to record the three components of the particle vibration velocity vector, which is used to simultaneously record longitudinal waves, transverse waves, and conversion waves.
  • the three-component detector is a conventional technology in this field, so its structure and working principle are not described in detail here.
  • the connection method between this circuit module, battery module and various components is a conventional technology in this field, so its specific structure and working principle are not described in detail here.

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Abstract

一种流线型深水节点压电检波器及海洋地震节点。该压电检波器包括检波组件、连接头和透声层，透声层与连接头连接，检波组件包括压电陶瓷管和端盖，压电陶瓷管与连接头同轴且设有端盖与连接头间隔设置。该海洋地震节点包括上述的压电检波器。本发明提供的压电检波器采用流线型的设置方式，增加压电检波器的抗水流冲击能力，同时，压电陶瓷管与连接头间隔设置，节点的振动传递至连接头后，振动将不会传递至压电陶瓷管或少量传递至压电陶瓷管，进而使得压电陶瓷管不受节点振动影响或受到节点振动的影响较小，进而能够增加压电检波器采集数据的质量，增加后期地震剖面数据处理的质量。

Description

流线型深水节点压电检波器及海洋地震节点
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2023年12月12日提交的中国专利申请202311708013.X的权益，该申请的内容通过引用被合并于本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及深水物探装备领域，具体地涉及一种流线型深水节点压电检波器及海洋地震节点。
背景技术
海洋石油勘探采集技术主要分为海上拖缆采集技术、海底电缆采集技术、海底地震仪、海底节点采集技术。其中，海底节点采集技术是通过布设在海底的节点地震仪，记录震源船在海水中激发、并由海底之下地层界面反射的地震信号。
比起其他采集技术，它具有以下优势：第一，它受海洋设施影响小，可在海上有密集生产平台和其他障碍物等TS无法实施的区域开展地震采集工作；第二，其彻底摆脱了电缆的束缚，可实现大偏移距、宽方位的地震数据采集；第三，比起海底地震仪，海底节点地震仪的造价更低，布放更方便精准。
海底的节点地震仪是一种四分量采集装备，压电检波器属于海底节点中前端采集的一个核心部件，它是利用压电元件的压电效应，将海水中的声压信号转换为电信号。目前，市场上主流的压电检波器的径向尺寸较大，导致抗水流冲击性差，同时，节点的振动将会直接传递至压电检波器的检测部件，影响海底节点采集数据的质量，进而影响后期地震剖面数据处理的质量。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题或者至少部分地解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种流线型深水节点压电检波器及海洋地震节点。
本发明提供了一种流线型深水节点压电检波器，包括检波组件、连接头和透声层，所述透声层与所述连接头的端部连接并在所述透声层的内部形成腔体，所述检波组件包括设置在所述腔体内部的压电陶瓷管以及用于密封所述压电陶瓷管两端的端盖，其中一个所述端盖上设有两个电极，其中一个电极与所述压电陶瓷管的内壁连接，另一个所述电极与所述压电陶瓷管的外壁连接，两个所述电极通过线缆与电路模块连接，其中，所述压电陶瓷管与所述连接头同轴且设有所述电极的所述端盖与所述连接头沿着所述压电陶瓷管的轴向方向间隔设置。
可选地，所述压电陶瓷管的内部穿设有撑杆，所述撑杆的两端分 别与两个所述端盖连接。
可选地，所述端盖上设有与所述撑杆连接的第一连接孔以及用于与两个所述电极连接的第二连接孔，两个所述第二连接孔相对于所述第一连接孔沿着所述端盖的轴向方向对称设置。
可选地，所述连接头的端部形成有容纳腔，所述容纳腔可供所述电极的端部伸入，以使得所述电极与所述线缆在所述容纳腔内连接。
可选地，所述容纳腔的内部形成有固定层，所述线缆穿过所述固定层。
可选地，所述撑杆的一端穿过所述端盖并伸入至所述固定层。
可选地，所述撑杆的两端分别设有第一连接杆和第二连接杆，所述第一连接杆与所述第一端盖连接，所述第二连接杆与所述第二端盖连接。
可选地，所述第一连接杆与所述第一端盖螺纹连接，所述第二连接杆与所述第二端盖螺纹连接。
可选地，所述连接头的靠近所述压电陶瓷管的一端的外周设有第一密封槽，所述透声层的内壁上设有与所述第一密封槽相匹配的第一密封环。
可选地，所述连接头的远离所述压电陶瓷管的一端的外周设有第二密封槽，所述第二密封槽用于与海洋地震节点上的第二密封环连接。
可选地，所述透声层采用柱状结构，且所述透声层的端部呈半球状。
可选地，所述透声层采用浇注的方式形成。
可选地，所述透声层的厚度为2-3mm。
可选地，所述压电陶瓷管的端部与所述连接头的端部之间的距离为5-10mm。
本发明还提供了一种海洋地震节点，包括上述任意一项所述的流线型深水节点压电检波器。
本发明实施方式提供的技术方案与现有技术相比具有如下优点：
本发明提供的压电检波器采用流线型的设置方式，可有效降低沿着压电检波器的径向方向的尺寸，增加压电检波器的抗水流冲击能力，同时，压电陶瓷管与连接头间隔设置，节点的振动传递至连接头后，振动将不会传递至压电陶瓷管或少量传递至压电陶瓷管，进而使得压电陶瓷管不受节点振动影响或受到节点振动的影响较小，进而能够增加压电检波器采集数据的质量，增加后期地震剖面数据处理的质量。
附图说明
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，示出了符合本发明的实施方式，并与说明书一起用于解释本发明的原理。
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下 面将对实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，对于本领域普通技术人员而言，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施方式所述流线型深水节点压电检波器的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施方式所述流线型深水节点压电检波器的剖面图；
图3为本发明实施方式所述连接头的结构示意图。
附图标记说明
1、检波组件；11、压电陶瓷管；12、第一端盖；13、第二端盖；
14、电极；15、撑杆；151、第一连接杆；152、第二连接杆；
2、连接头；21、第一密封槽；22、第二密封槽；23、扭块；
3、透声层；
4、线缆。
具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本发明的上述目的、特征和优点，下面将对本发明的方案进行进一步描述。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明的实施方式及实施方式中的特征可以相互组合。
下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明，但本发明还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的方式来实施；显然，说明书中的实施方式只是本发明的一部分实施方式，而不是全部的实施方式。
结合图1和图2所示，本发明实施方式提供的流线型深水节点压电检波器包括检波组件1、连接头2和透声层3，透声层3与连接头2的端部连接并在透声层3的内部形成腔体，其中，透声层3内部的腔体部分容纳连接头2的端部，另一部分用于容纳检波组件1，以使得检波组件1与连接头2在腔体内相对设置。透声层3具有良好的透声性，同时能够对检波组件1起到保护作用。其中，透声层3优选采用聚氨酯材料，且透声层3采用聚氨酯材料浇注的方式形成，以确保密封效果，同时，聚氨酯材料具有良好的透声性能。
检波组件1包括设置在腔体内部的压电陶瓷管11以及用于密封压电陶瓷管11两端的端盖，检波组件1用于感知地震勘探信号。其中，压电陶瓷具有压电效应，当施加力或压力时，会产生电荷或电压，因此，压电陶瓷在传感器领域有着重要的应用。
例如，压电陶瓷可以用于压力传感器，通过测量电荷或电压的变化来测量外界压力的大小，其为传感器领域的常设部件，在此未对其工作原理做过多的描述。压电陶瓷管11的两端敞口，端盖为两个，两个端盖分别设置在压电陶瓷管11的两端，以分别密封压电陶瓷管11的两个敞口。
具体地，压电陶瓷管11具有相对应的第一端和第二端，以图2所示方向为例，压电陶瓷管11的左端即为压电陶瓷管11的第一端，压电陶瓷管11的右端即为压电陶瓷管11的第二端。端盖分为第一端盖12和第二端盖13，第一端盖12用于密封压电陶瓷管11的第一端，第二端盖13用于密封压电陶瓷管11的第二端，其中，第一端盖12用于密封压电陶瓷管11的第一端的方式以及第二端盖13用于密封压电陶瓷管11的第二端的方式不受限制，可根据实际需求进行设计。
其中一个端盖上设有两个电极14，具体为第二端盖13上设有两个电极14，两个电极14的设计方式不受限制，可根据实际需求进行设计。其中一个电极14与压电陶瓷管11的内壁连接，另一个电极14与压电陶瓷管11的外壁连接，两个电极14通过线缆4与电路模块连接。
具体地，压电陶瓷管11的内壁和外壁一个作为正极一个作为负极，其中，当压电陶瓷管11的内壁作为正极时，压电陶瓷管11的外壁作为负极，当压电陶瓷管11的内壁作为负极时，压电陶瓷管11的内壁的外壁作为正极。可见，压电陶瓷管11的正极和负极的分布方式不受限制，可根据制造的难易程度进行选择。
其中，压电陶瓷管11与连接头2同轴且设有电极14的端盖与连接头2沿着压电陶瓷管11的轴向方向间隔设置，具体地，压电陶瓷管11的轴线与连接头2的轴线重合，第二端盖13与连接头2沿着压电陶瓷管11的轴向方向间隔设置，以避免连接头2与第二端盖13直接接触，进而避免连接头2与压电陶瓷管11之间直接接触。
该种设计方式下，透声层3可采用浇注的方式形成，将压电陶瓷管11与连接头2同轴设置一方面能够使得浇注形成的透声层3的厚度均匀，使得透声层3具有较好的耐压性能，以使得透声层3能够对检波组件1起到较好的保护作用。另一方面避免增加压电检波器的径向尺寸，以增加压电检波器的抗水流冲击能力。压电陶瓷管11与连接头2采用间隔设置的方式使得节点的振动传递至连接头2后，振动将不会传递至压电陶瓷管11或少量传递至压电陶瓷管11，避免影响压电陶瓷管11的使用。
本发明提供的压电检波器采用流线型的设置方式，可有效降低沿着压电检波器的径向方向的尺寸，增加压电检波器的抗水流冲击能力，同时，压电陶瓷管11与连接头2间隔设置，节点的振动传递至连接头2后，振动将不会传递至压电陶瓷管11或少量传递至压电陶瓷管11，进而使得压电陶瓷管11不受节点振动影响或受到节点振动的影响较小，进而能够增加压电检波器采集数据的质量，增加后期地震剖面数据处理的质量。此外，该种设计方式下的压电检波器能够适用于更深、更复杂水域的地震勘探，提高地震剖面数据处理的质量。
作为一种可行的实施方式，压电陶瓷管11的内壁作为正极，压电陶瓷管11的外壁作为负极，其通过在压电陶瓷管11的内壁和外壁镀银实现，其中，镀银的方式以及将压电陶瓷管11的内壁和外壁分别作为正极和负极的方式为常规技术，因此，在此未对其施工方式和原理做过多的描述。其中，采用镀银的方式是由于银具有良好的导电性能和优异的化学稳定性，适合用作压电陶瓷管11的电极14材料，具体有以下几个原因：
1、电导性能：银是最好的电导体之一，具有很低的电阻。通过在压电陶瓷管11上镀银电极14，可以提供良好的电流传导和电极14连接。
2、界面效应：银与压电陶瓷管11的界面具有较低的接触电阻和电极14接触特性。银电极14的镀覆可以提供良好的电极14与陶瓷之间的接触，并减少电阻损耗。
3、化学稳定性：银可在常见的环境条件下保持较好的化学稳定性，不易被氧化或腐蚀。这对于保护压电陶瓷电极14免受外界环境的影响至关重要，确保电极14性能的长期稳定性。
4、防氧化层：银的外层可以形成一层致密的氧化层，有助于保护陶瓷表面免受氧和潮湿环境的影响。这对于提高压电陶瓷元件的使用寿命和可靠性至关重要。在压电陶瓷的应用中，使用镀银电极14可以提供更好的电性能、稳定性和可靠性，确保压电效应的有效发挥。
在一些实施方式中，如图2所示，压电陶瓷管11的内部穿设有撑杆15，撑杆15的两端分别与两个端盖连接，其中，撑杆15的两端与第一端盖12和第二端盖13的连接方式不受限制，可根据实际需求进行设计，通过设置撑杆15，能够将压电陶瓷管11与两个端盖连接成稳定的整体结构。
压电陶瓷管11是单管设计，采用PZT5材料。撑杆15采用圆柱体结构，撑杆15的两端分别设有第一连接杆151和第二连接杆152，第一连接杆151、第二连接杆152和撑杆15一体成型，以增加撑杆15的结构强度。第一连接杆151与第一端盖12连接，第二连接杆152与第二端盖13连接。为了达到耐高静水压力，第一连接杆151和第二连接杆152的外周均设有螺纹，以使得第一连接杆151与第一端盖12螺纹连接，第二连接杆152与第二端盖13螺纹连接，进而使得第一端盖12和第二端盖13分别盖合在压电陶瓷管11的第一端和第二端，进而实现第一端盖12、第二端盖13和压电陶瓷管11的连接。
具体地，第一端盖12的中部设有螺纹孔，螺纹孔与第一端盖12同轴设置，第一连接杆151旋拧在螺纹孔内以实现第一端盖12与第一连接杆151的连接。第二端盖13的中部设有通孔，通孔与第二端盖13同轴设置，以使得第二连接杆152能够穿过通孔，并通过螺母 旋拧在第二连接杆152的伸出端以实现第二端盖13与第二连接杆152的连接。其中，第一端盖12与第二端盖13采用相同的材质，第一端盖12与第二端盖13采用的材质为氧化锆。
端盖上设有与撑杆15连接的第一连接孔以及用于与两个电极14连接的第二连接孔，该处的第一连接孔即为上述的通孔，此时，端盖与撑杆15之间采用上述的螺母连接的方式进行限位，第二连接孔与电极14采用插接的方式连接。两个第二连接孔相对于第一连接孔沿着端盖的轴向方向对称设置。该种设计方式使得两个第二连接孔与第一连接孔在同一条直线上，且该直线沿着第二端盖13的径向方向延伸。本申请中，电极14采用表面镀金的金属材料，使其具有很好的导电性能
本申请的检波组件1的安装步骤如下：
将两个电极14安装在第二端盖13上，并对电极14标注，一个电极14为正极，一个电极14为负极，正极极柱的下端焊接一根细线，细线的另一端与压电陶瓷管11的内壁连接，尺寸优选设置为25mm。将第一端盖12与撑杆15的一端螺纹连接，撑杆15的另一端穿过压电陶瓷管11和第二端盖13上的通孔，使用M2的螺母旋拧在撑杆15的伸出端，以压紧压电陶瓷管11、第一端盖12和第二端盖13。
通过一段银线连接电极14的负极与压电陶瓷管11的外壁，银线与压电陶瓷管11的外壁焊接连接，其中，银线与压电陶瓷管11的外壁之间需要有3个焊点，每个焊点焊接时间不能超过10秒，因为压电陶瓷管11的外壁是镀银层，焊接时间过长，银层脱落，电容和介电常数会发生变化，从而会影响压电检波器的灵敏度。
如图2所示，连接头2的端部形成有容纳腔，容纳腔与透声层3的内部腔体连通，容纳腔可供电极14的端部伸入，以使得电极14与线缆4在容纳腔内连接，有效的对电极14与线缆4的连接位置起到保护作用。
在一些实施方式中，透声层3采用浇注的方式形成，浇注的液体将会通过容纳腔的敞口进入到容纳腔内，以在容纳腔的内部形成有固定层，此时，固定层包覆在电极14的伸出第二端盖13的部分以及电极14与线缆4的连接处以及处于容纳腔内的部分电缆的外周。线缆4穿过固定层，穿过固定层的线缆4穿过连接头2与海洋地震节点的电路模块连接。
在一些实施方式中，撑杆15的一端穿过端盖并伸入至固定层。具体地，撑杆15的第二连接杆152穿过第二端盖13后并伸入至容纳腔内，透声层3采用浇注的方式形成，在浇注过程中，浇注的液体将会通过容纳腔的敞口进入到容纳腔内，以在容纳腔的内部形成有固定层，进而使得固定层能够包覆在第二连接杆152的外周。该种设计方 式下固定层与透声层3为一体结构，可增加透声层3与撑杆15的连接效果，同时能够增加透声层3与连接头2的连接效果，同时能够保证线缆4穿过连接头2时的密封效果。
进一步优化地，连接头2的靠近检波组件1的一端设有扩口端，扩口端的内壁形成有第一斜坡面，第二端盖13的靠近连接头2的一端外周形成有第二斜坡面，第一斜坡面与第二斜坡面相匹配。
该种设计方式下，由于连接头2与第二端盖13之间沿着压电陶瓷管11的轴向方向间隔设置，进而使得第一斜坡面与第二斜坡面沿着压电陶瓷管11的轴向方向间隔设置，进而在第一斜坡面与第二斜坡面直接形成环状的流体通道。液体浇注过程中，液体会沿着第一斜坡面与第二斜坡面之间的流体通道进入到容纳腔内，以便于流体能够顺利的进入到容纳腔，确保固定层的形成效果。
如图3所示，连接头2的靠近压电陶瓷管11的一端的外周设有第一密封槽21，透声层3的内壁上设有与第一密封槽21相匹配的第一密封环。该种设计方式能够增加连接头2与透声层3连接的密封性。
在一些实施方式中，透声层3采用浇注的方式形成，此时，连接头2的靠近压电陶瓷管11的一端的外周设有第一密封槽21，透声层3在浇注过程中，透声层3在与第一密封槽21相对应的位置处形成第一密封环，进而增加了透声层3与连接头2的连接强度和连接的密封性。
进一步优化地，第一密封槽21为两个，两个第一密封槽21沿着连接头2的轴向方向间隔设置，相应地，第一密封环也应为两个。该种设计方式下，能够进一步增加透声层3与连接头2的连接强度和连接的密封性。
可以理解的是，第一密封槽21的数量可以大于两个，比如，三个、四个等，且多个第一密封槽21将沿着连接头2的轴向方向间隔设置，可见，第一密封槽21的数量可根据实际需求进行设计。
连接头2的远离压电陶瓷管11的一端的外周设有第二密封槽22，第二密封槽22用于与海洋地震节点上的第二密封环连接。
具体地，连接头2作为连接件用于将流线型深水节点压电检波器安装在海洋地震节点上，具体地，海洋地震节点上设有安装位，其中，连接头2与海洋地震节点的安装位之间可采用插接连接的方式也可采用螺纹连接的方式，可根据实际需求进行设计。
其中，为了增加连接的牢固性，连接头2与海洋地震节点的安装位之间优选采用螺栓连接的方式，此时，海洋地震节点的安装位设有连接套，连接套的内壁设有与连接头2螺纹连接的内螺纹，且连接套的端部的内壁上设有第二密封槽22，随着连接头2旋拧在连接套上，第二密封环卡入至第二密封槽22内，以增加连接头2与海洋地震节 点之间的密封效果。
具体地，继续参照图3，连接头2的内部具有穿孔，穿孔与容纳腔连通，以使得线缆4能够依次穿过容纳腔和穿孔并与海洋地震节点的电路模块连接，穿孔的直径小于容纳腔的直径，穿孔供线缆4穿过即可，容纳腔内需成型固定层。
连接头2的外周设有操作部，连接头2的两端均伸出操作部，以图2所示方向为例，连接头2的左端伸出操作部的部分与透声层3连接，连接头2的右端伸出操作部的部分与海洋地震节点的安装位连接。
结合图1至图3所示，操作部为设置在连接头2外周的扭块23，为了耐高静水压，扭块23的厚度为7-9mm，优选地，扭块23的厚度为8mm，为了增加操作的便利性，扭块23的外周结构可采用六边形设计，便于人工或借助外部工具操作扭块23，以通过转动扭块23以旋拧连接头2，便于连接头2与海洋地震节点的连接。可以理解的是，扭块23也可采用其他的多边形结构，只需便于工作人员操作或便于工作人员能够借助外部工具进行操作即可。
进一步优化地，以图2所示方向为例，扭块23的右端可设置密封卡槽，相应地，海洋地震节点的安装位相对应的位置处也可设置密封卡块，该种设计方式下，扭块23在旋拧过程中，密封卡块插入至密封卡槽内，直至密封卡块的端部与密封卡槽的底部完全接触，扭块23旋拧到位，以实现扭块23与海洋地震节点的安装位的密封连接。
进一步优化地，为了进一步增加密封效果，可在密封卡槽的底端设置密封垫，以使得扭块23旋拧到位后，密封卡块的端部支撑在密封垫上。
处于扭块23右端的连接头2采用圆柱形设计，该部分的连接头2的外周具有第二密封槽22和螺纹，且该部分的连接头2的尺寸与海洋地震节点预留的压电检波器的固定位置尺寸适配，便于更好的连接。处于扭块23左端的连接头2也采用圆柱形设计，该部分的连接头2的外周具有两个第一密封槽21，且该部分的连接头2通过采用聚氨酯材质的透声层3与检波组件1连接，并保持连接头2与检波组件1的中心轴重合。
组装完成的检波组件1(通过撑杆15将压电陶瓷管11和两个端盖连接)与线缆4连接，线缆4再穿过连接头2。为了达到更好的耦合效果，检波组件1和连接头2之间要保留一定的距离，并且需要检波组件1与连接头2保持垂直状态，这个过程是通过将检波组件1和连接头2放置在一次浇注模具中，使用聚氨酯材料高温溶化后再冷却定型来实现。该种设计方式下的流线型深水节点压电检波器的体积小，工序简单，耐高静水压，噪音低。
在一些实施方式中，本申请的线缆4采用耐高温高压材质，因为 在浇注过程中，必须要经过80°高温才能熔化聚氨酯。线缆4为具有屏蔽层的两芯线缆4，一端与检波组件1的正负两个电极14连接，另一端需要穿过连接头2，再通过三芯连接器与海洋地震节点的电路模块连接，达到传递采集数据的目的。
具体地，线缆4具有白色线和蓝色线，线缆4的白色线与正极连接，蓝色线与负极连接。焊接过程中每个焊点必须设有绝缘套管，否则压电检波器的正负极和连接头2的绝缘电阻会变小，导致压电检波器灵敏度降低。线缆4的另一端需要穿过连接头2，再通过三芯连接器与海洋地震节点的电路模块连接，三芯连接器中，管脚1是负极，管脚2是正极，管脚3是屏蔽层，这样可以大大降低海洋地震节点的电路模块的采集通道的基础噪音，提高采集数据的质量。
在一些实施方式中，本申请的透声层3具有耐高静水压力、保护检波组件1和传递振动感知声波信号的功能。透声层3与压电检波器的检波组件1紧密连接，保持较好的耦合性，能将压电检波器检测到的水中的地震波信号完全传递到压电检波器的检波组件1中。透声层3的厚度取决于压电检波器的灵敏度，透声层3越薄，压电检波器灵敏度越高，反之，透声层3越厚，压电检波器的灵敏度越低。同时透声层3越薄，对压电检波器保护强度越低，故此，需要平衡这两者的关系。其中，透声层3的厚度为2-3mm。
透声层3的形状采用柱状结构，且透声层3的端部呈半球状，即透声层3的末端设计为半球形，这种形状的压电检波器不仅抗水流冲击性强，可以耐高静水压力，而且可以降低噪音，更适合深水勘探的需求。
透声层3采用浇注的方式形成。该种设计方式下的透声层3与检波组件1的贴合程度较好，保持较好的耦合性，能将压电检波器检测到的水中的地震波信号完全传递到压电检波器的检波组件1中。
透声层3的形成需要通过二次浇注模具来实现，为了达到耐高压、密封和透声的效果，使用力学仿真软件对透声层3的厚度仿真分析，透声层3的厚度控制在2-3mm，可以满足设计需求。结合海洋地震节点的机械结构设计，压电检波器的透声层3厚度优先设置为3mm。
在一些实施方式中，压电陶瓷管11的端部与连接头2的端部之间的距离为5-10mm。该种距离方式下的流线型深水节点压电检波器，由于该间隙的存在，连接头2不会影响压电陶瓷管11的正常使用，且避免增加流线型深水节点压电检波器的整体长度，使得流线型深水节点压电检波器的体积较小，减少安装在海洋地震节点时的空间占用，满足使用需求。
实施例一，本申请提供的流线型深水节点压电检波器的其中一个组装方式如下：
步骤S1，将两个电极14安装在第二端盖13上，并对电极14标注一个电极14为正极，一个电极14为负极，正极极柱的下端焊接一根细线，细线的另一端与压电陶瓷管11的内壁连接，将第一端盖12与撑杆15的一端螺纹连接，撑杆15的另一端穿过压电陶瓷管11和第二端盖13上的通孔，使用M2的螺母旋拧在撑杆15的伸出端，以压紧压电陶瓷管11、第一端盖12和第二端盖13。通过一段银线连接电极14的负极与压电陶瓷管11的外壁，银线与压电陶瓷管11的外壁焊接连接，进而实现了检波组件1的安装。
步骤S2，将组装好的检波组件1与线缆4连接，具体为线缆4的白色线与正极连接，蓝色线与负极连接焊接过程中每个焊点必须设有绝缘套管，线缆4的远离检波组件1的一端穿过连接头2后通过三芯连接器与海洋地震节点的电路模块连接。
步骤S3，线缆4连接完毕后，将检波组件1和连接头2之间要保留一定的距离，并且需要检波组件1与连接头2保持垂直状态，再将该状态下的检波组件1和连接头2放置在一次浇注模具中进行浇注，浇注的材料为聚氨酯，以在连接头2的容纳腔内形成固定层，固定层包裹在线缆4和电极14的外周，同时能够在检波组件1和连接头2的形成透声层3。
实施例二，本申请提供的流线型深水节点压电检波器的另外一个组装方式如下：
步骤S1，将两个电极14安装在第二端盖13上，并对电极14标注，一个电极14为正极，一个电极14为负极，正极极柱的下端焊接一根细线，细线的另一端与压电陶瓷管11的内壁连接，将第一端盖12与撑杆15的一端螺纹连接，撑杆15的另一端穿过压电陶瓷管11和第二端盖13上的通孔，使用M2的螺母旋拧在撑杆15的伸出端，以压紧压电陶瓷管11、第一端盖12和第二端盖13。通过一段银线连接电极14的负极与压电陶瓷管11的外壁，银线与压电陶瓷管11的外壁焊接连接，进而实现了检波组件1的安装。
步骤S2，将组装好的检波组件1与线缆4连接，具体为线缆4的白色线与正极连接，蓝色线与负极连接焊接过程中每个焊点必须设有绝缘套管，线缆4的远离检波组件1的一端穿过连接头2后通过三芯连接器与海洋地震节点的电路模块连接。
步骤S3，线缆4连接完毕后，将检波组件1和连接头2之间要保留一定的距离，并且需要检波组件1与连接头2保持垂直状态，再将该状态下的检波组件1和连接头2放置在一次浇注模具中进行浇注，浇注的材料为聚氨酯，以在连接头2的容纳腔内形成固定层，固定层包裹在线缆4和电极14的外周，同时能够在检波组件1和连接头2的形成初步的透声层3。
步骤S4，再将步骤S3得到的部件放入至二次浇注模具，在此浇注聚氨酯以形成预设厚度的透声层3。
本发明还提供了一种海洋地震节点，包括上述的流线型深水节点压电检波器，该处的流线型深水节点压电检波器包括上述的流线型深水节点压电检波器的全部技术特征。其中，海洋地震节点是一种位于海底，可以独立采集、记录地震信号的多分量地震仪。具备宽方位、高覆盖、施工高效率、多分量记录、复杂地形可实施性强等特点，是当前海洋地震采集的主流方法。
海洋地震节点还应包括电池模块和电路结构，电路结构具有电路模块和三分量检波器，电池模块用于为三分量检波器等部件提供电能，电路模块与三分量检波器以及本申请的流线型深水节点压电检波器线路连接。
具体地，电路模块与流线型深水节点压电检波器的电极14通过线缆4连接。其中，三分量检波器是多波勘探时使用的特种检波器。与单分量的常规地震检波器不同，每个检波器内装有三个互相垂直的传感器，以记录质点振动速度向量的三个分量，用于同时记录纵波、横波、转换波。三分量检波器为本领域的常规技术，因此，在此未对其结构和工作原理做过多的描述。此外，该种电路模块、电池模块及各部件之间的连接方式为本领域的常规技术，因此，在此未对其具体结构和工作原理做过多的描述。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如“第一”和“第二”等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上所述仅是本发明的具体实施方式，使本领域技术人员能够理解或实现本发明。对这些实施方式的多种修改对本领域的技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施方式中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所述的这些实施方式，而是要符合与本文所发明的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种流线型深水节点压电检波器，其特征在于，包括检波组件(1)、连接头(2)和透声层(3)，所述透声层(3)与所述连接头(2)的端部连接并在所述透声层(3)的内部形成腔体，所述检波组件(1)包括设置在所述腔体内部的压电陶瓷管(11)以及用于密封所述压电陶瓷管(11)两端的端盖，其中一个所述端盖上设有两个电极(14)，其中一个电极(14)与所述压电陶瓷管(11)的内壁连接，另一个所述电极(14)与所述压电陶瓷管(11)的外壁连接，两个所述电极(14)通过线缆(4)与电路模块连接，其中，所述压电陶瓷管(11)与所述连接头(2)同轴且设有所述电极(14)的所述端盖与所述连接头(2)沿着所述压电陶瓷管(11)的轴向方向间隔设置，所述压电陶瓷管(11)的端部与所述连接头(2)的端部之间的距离为5-10mm。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的流线型深水节点压电检波器，其特征在于，所述压电陶瓷管(11)的内部穿设有撑杆(15)，所述撑杆(15)的两端分别与两个所述端盖连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的流线型深水节点压电检波器，其特征在于，所述端盖上设有与所述撑杆(15)连接的第一连接孔以及用于与两个所述电极(14)连接的第二连接孔，两个所述第二连接孔相对于所述第一连接孔沿着所述端盖的轴向方向对称设置。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的流线型深水节点压电检波器，其特征在于，所述连接头(2)的端部形成有容纳腔，所述容纳腔可供所述电极(14)的端部伸入，以使得所述电极(14)与所述线缆(4)在所述容纳腔内连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的流线型深水节点压电检波器，其特征在于，所述容纳腔的内部形成有固定层，所述线缆(4)穿过所述固定层。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的流线型深水节点压电检波器，其特征在于，所述撑杆(15)的一端穿过所述端盖并伸入至所述固定层。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的流线型深水节点压电检波器，其特征在于，所述撑杆(15)的两端分别设有第一连接杆(151)和第二连接杆(152)，所述第一连接杆(151)与所述第一端盖(12)连接，所述第二连接杆(152)与所述第二端盖(13)连接。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的流线型深水节点压电检波器，其特征在于，所述第一连接杆(151)与所述第一端盖(12)螺纹连接，所述第二连接杆(152)与所述第二端盖(13)螺纹连接。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的流线型深水节点压电检波器，其特征 在于，所述连接头(2)的靠近所述压电陶瓷管(11)的一端的外周设有第一密封槽(21)，所述透声层(3)的内壁上设有与所述第一密封槽(21)相匹配的第一密封环。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的流线型深水节点压电检波器，其特征在于，所述连接头(2)的远离所述压电陶瓷管(11)的一端的外周设有第二密封槽(22)，所述第二密封槽(22)用于与海洋地震节点上的第二密封环连接。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的流线型深水节点压电检波器，其特征在于，所述透声层(3)采用柱状结构，且所述透声层(3)的端部呈半球状。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的流线型深水节点压电检波器，其特征在于，所述透声层(3)采用浇注的方式形成。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的流线型深水节点压电检波器，其特征在于，所述透声层(3)的厚度为2-3mm。
  14. 一种海洋地震节点，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至13中任意一项所述的流线型深水节点压电检波器。
PCT/CN2024/115201 2023-12-12 2024-08-28 流线型深水节点压电检波器及海洋地震节点 Pending WO2025123787A1 (zh)

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