WO2025112372A1 - 外壳部件、电池单体、电池以及用电设备 - Google Patents

外壳部件、电池单体、电池以及用电设备 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2025112372A1
WO2025112372A1 PCT/CN2024/095528 CN2024095528W WO2025112372A1 WO 2025112372 A1 WO2025112372 A1 WO 2025112372A1 CN 2024095528 W CN2024095528 W CN 2024095528W WO 2025112372 A1 WO2025112372 A1 WO 2025112372A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
groove
side wall
segment
groove section
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/095528
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴凯
周文林
程启
李全坤
王鹏
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Publication of WO2025112372A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025112372A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a housing component, a battery cell, a battery, and an electrical device.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a shell component, a battery cell, a battery, and an electrical device, which can reduce the possibility of premature cracking and pressure release of the notched groove of the shell component, thereby extending the service life of the battery.
  • the present application provides a shell component for a battery cell, wherein the shell component is provided with a sink, and the bottom wall of the sink is provided with a notched groove, wherein the notched groove extends along a closed trajectory in the circumferential direction of the sink, wherein the notched groove includes a first groove segment and a second groove segment, and the side walls of the sink include a first side wall located outside the first groove segment and a second side wall located outside the second groove segment, wherein the maximum distance between the first groove segment and the first side wall is greater than the maximum distance between the second groove segment and the second side wall.
  • a sink is provided in the shell component, and a notched groove is provided on the bottom wall of the sink, so that the notched groove can be opened when the internal pressure of the battery cell reaches a threshold value to release pressure, thereby reducing the possibility of thermal runaway or even explosion of the battery cell;
  • the notched groove extends along a closed trajectory in the circumferential direction of the sink, the notched groove includes a first groove section and a second groove section, the side wall of the sink includes a first side wall located outside the first groove section and a second side wall located outside the second groove section, and the maximum distance between the first groove section and the first side wall is greater than the maximum distance between the second groove section and the second side wall, so that when the internal pressure of the battery cell acts on the shell component, the force applied to the first groove section is smaller than the force applied to the second groove section, thereby making the area enclosed by the notched groove less likely to be deformed by force, and the notched groove less likely to crack prematurely, thereby extending the service life of the battery
  • the distance between the first slot segment and the first side wall gradually increases from both ends to the middle of the first slot segment.
  • the extension of the first groove section can be smooth and stress concentration points are not easily formed, thereby reducing the possibility of premature cracking due to concentrated force on the first groove section and extending the service life of the battery cell.
  • the first side wall is a plane
  • the second side wall is an arc-shaped surface
  • the length of the first side wall can be set longer, so that the area of the sinking groove is larger; by setting the second side wall as an arcuate surface, a larger sinking groove area can be further enclosed when the width of the sinking groove is limited, so that the area of the area enclosed by the notched groove is also larger, and a larger pressure relief channel can be formed after the notched groove is opened by force, which is convenient for realizing rapid pressure relief of the battery cell and further reducing the possibility of thermal runaway or even explosion of the battery cell.
  • the trough further includes a third side wall and a fourth side wall, the third side wall is arranged opposite to the first side wall along a first direction, and the fourth side wall is arranged opposite to the second side wall along a second direction; the first direction intersects with the second direction.
  • the trough also includes a third side wall and a fourth side wall, the third side wall and the first side wall are arranged opposite to each other along a first direction, and the fourth side wall and the second side wall are arranged opposite to each other along a second direction; the first direction intersects with the second direction; the side wall distribution of the trough can be made more uniform, the force distribution of the bottom wall of the trough can also be made more uniform, stress concentration points are less likely to appear in the notched groove, the possibility of premature cracking due to force concentration in the notched groove can be reduced, and the service life of the battery cell can be extended.
  • the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.
  • the first side wall of the sink can be perpendicular to the third side wall of the sink.
  • the side wall, the second side wall and the fourth side wall are symmetrically arranged, which further makes the side wall distribution of the sink more uniform, the force distribution of the sink more uniform, and the notched groove is not prone to stress concentration points, which can reduce the possibility of premature cracking caused by stress concentration in the notched groove and extend the service life of the battery cell.
  • the distance between the first side wall and the third side wall is W1
  • the maximum distance between the first groove segment and the first side wall is W2, satisfying 10%*W1 ⁇ W2 ⁇ 70%*W1.
  • the preparation of the notched groove can be facilitated, and the first groove section can be subjected to less force from inside the battery cell, thereby making the area enclosed by the notched groove less likely to be deformed by force, and the improvement of the anti-deformation ability is more obvious, and the notched groove is less likely to crack prematurely, thereby extending the service life of the battery cell.
  • the notched groove also includes a third groove segment, the third groove segment and the first groove segment are spaced apart along the first direction, the second groove segment connects the first groove segment and the third groove segment, and the maximum distance between the third groove segment and the third side wall is greater than the maximum distance between the second groove segment and the second side wall.
  • the second groove section connects the first groove section and the third groove section, and the maximum distance between the third groove section and the third side wall is greater than the maximum distance between the second groove section and the second side wall, when the internal pressure of the battery cell acts on the shell component, the force applied to the third groove section is smaller than the force applied to the second groove section, and due to the joint action of the first groove section and the third groove section, the area enclosed by the notched groove can be further less likely to be deformed by force, has stronger anti-deformation ability, and is less likely to crack the notched groove prematurely, thereby extending the service life of the battery cell.
  • the first trough section and the third trough section are symmetrically arranged relative to the center point of the sink trough.
  • the force on the notched groove can be made more uniform, the area enclosed by the notched groove is less likely to be deformed by force, the deformation resistance is stronger, and the notched groove is less likely to crack prematurely, thereby extending the service life of the battery cell.
  • the notched groove also includes a fourth groove segment, the fourth groove segment and the second groove segment are spaced apart along the second direction, the first groove segment, the second groove segment, the third groove segment and the fourth groove segment are connected end to end to form a closed ring, and the maximum distance between the first groove segment and the first side wall is greater than the maximum distance between the fourth groove segment and the fourth side wall.
  • the fourth groove section, the fourth groove section and the second groove section are spaced apart along the second direction, so that the distribution of the notched groove can be more uniform, the possibility of the notched groove generating a stress concentration point is smaller, and the possibility of the notched groove cracking prematurely is smaller, thereby extending the service life of the battery cell;
  • the first groove section, the second groove section, the third groove section and the fourth groove section are connected end to end to form a closed ring, so that when the battery cell has thermal runaway, the notched groove can be opened, and the area enclosed by the notched groove can be separated from other areas of the shell component to form a pressure relief channel with a larger area, which is convenient for realizing rapid pressure relief of the battery cell and further reducing the possibility of thermal runaway or even explosion of the battery cell;
  • the maximum distance between the first groove section and the first side wall is greater than the maximum distance between the fourth groove section and the fourth side wall, so that the force applied to the first groove section is smaller than the force applied to the fourth groove section,
  • the second trough section and the fourth trough section are symmetrically arranged relative to the center point of the sink trough.
  • the force on the notched groove can be made more uniform, the area enclosed by the notched groove is less likely to be deformed by force, the deformation resistance is stronger, and the notched groove is less likely to crack prematurely, thereby extending the service life of the battery cell.
  • the depths of the first slot segment, the second slot segment, and the fourth slot segment are greater than the depth of the third slot segment.
  • the first groove section, the second groove section and the fourth groove section can be opened before the second groove section to form a pressure relief channel, and the area enclosed by the notched groove of the shell component remains connected to other areas, reducing the possibility of damage caused by interference with other components after the area enclosed by the notched groove is separated from other areas.
  • the distance between the first side wall and the third side wall is W1
  • the maximum distance between the first groove section and the first side wall is W2
  • the maximum distance between the third groove section and the third side wall is W3, satisfying W2+W3 ⁇ W1.
  • the first groove by making the distance W1 between the first side wall and the third side wall along the first direction, the first groove
  • the maximum distance W2 between the first groove segment and the first side wall, and the maximum distance W3 between the third groove segment and the third side wall satisfy W2+W3 ⁇ W1, so that the first groove segment is not connected to the third groove segment, thereby reducing the problem of stress concentration and easy cracking at the connection between the first groove segment and the third groove segment, and the possibility of premature cracking of the notched groove is smaller, thereby extending the service life of the battery cell.
  • the first slot segment and the second slot segment are both arc segments.
  • the extension of the first groove section and the second groove section can be smooth, and it is not easy to form a stress concentration point, thereby reducing the possibility of premature cracking caused by concentrated force on the first groove section and the second groove section, and extending the service life of the battery cell; and the second groove section can enclose a larger area, so that a larger pressure relief channel can be formed after the notched groove is opened by force, which is convenient for realizing rapid pressure relief of the battery cell, and further reducing the possibility of thermal runaway or even explosion of the battery cell.
  • the transition part between the first groove section and the second groove section can be made smooth, and it is not easy to form a stress concentration point, thereby reducing the possibility of premature cracking caused by concentrated force on the first groove section and extending the service life of the battery cell.
  • the first groove segment includes a first sub-groove segment and a second sub-groove segment
  • the angle between the tangent of the first sub-groove segment and the first side wall is ⁇ 1
  • the angle between the tangent of the second sub-groove segment and the first side wall is ⁇ 2
  • the first groove section includes a first sub-groove section and a second sub-groove section.
  • the length of the second groove segment is L1
  • the length of the notched groove is L, satisfying L1 ⁇ 1/4*L.
  • the length of the second groove section in the notched groove can be longer.
  • the second groove section is easily opened for pressure relief, and the area of the pressure relief area formed by the notched groove is made larger. After the notched groove is opened under force, a larger pressure relief channel can be formed, which is convenient for realizing rapid pressure relief of the battery cell and further reducing the possibility of thermal runaway or even explosion of the battery cell.
  • the housing component includes a body and a pressure relief member, the body is provided with a through hole, and the pressure relief member covers the through hole to form the sink.
  • the shell component includes a body and a pressure relief member, the body is provided with a through hole, the pressure relief member covers the through hole to form a sink, the preparation and assembly of the body and the pressure relief member are simple, and the formation of the sink is convenient.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, comprising the housing component as described above.
  • the battery cell includes a shell and an end cover, the shell has an opening, the end cover closes the opening, and the outer shell component is the end cover or the shell.
  • the outer shell component is an end cover or a shell, which can release pressure when the internal pressure of the battery cell reaches a threshold value, so as to reduce the possibility of thermal runaway or even explosion of the battery cell; a pressure relief structure is formed by arranging a notched groove on the end cover, and the pressure relief structure has good stability and good long-term reliability.
  • the present application provides a battery, comprising the battery cell as described above.
  • the present application provides an electrical device, comprising a battery as described above, wherein the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a housing component provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of a housing component provided by some embodiments of the present application from one viewing angle;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the housing component along line A-A in Fig. 5;
  • FIG7 is a partial enlarged structural schematic diagram of the housing component at B in FIG6;
  • FIG8 is a perspective schematic diagram of a partial structure of a housing component provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a housing component provided by some embodiments of the present application from one viewing angle;
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of a partial enlarged structure of a portion C of the housing component in FIG5;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a housing component provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Icons 1000-vehicle; 100-battery; 10-housing; 11-first sub-housing; 12-second sub-housing; 20-battery cell; 21-housing; 211-end cover; 2111-electrode terminal; 212-housing; 22-electrode assembly; 221-ear; 23-housing component; 23a-body; 23b-pressure relief member; 231-sinking groove; 232-notched groove; 2321-first groove section; 2321a-first sub-groove section; 2321b-second sub-groove section; 2322-second groove section; 2323-third groove section; 2324-fourth groove section; 2331-first side wall; 2332-second side wall; 2333-third side wall; 2334-fourth side wall; 234-through hole; 200-controller; 300-motor; X-first direction; Y-second direction; Z-third direction.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including multiple battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in the present application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • the battery may also generally include a box for encapsulating one or more battery cells or multiple battery modules. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly is composed of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator.
  • the battery cell mainly relies on the movement of metal ions between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode collector, and the current collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganese oxide, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode collector, and the current collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer serves as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon, etc. In order to ensure that a large current is passed without melting, the number of positive electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film can be PP (polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene).
  • the battery cell further includes a housing component, which may be an end cover or a shell.
  • the end cover closes an opening of the shell to define a housing space for housing the electrode assembly.
  • Batteries have outstanding advantages such as high energy density, low environmental pollution, high power density, long service life, wide adaptability, and low self-discharge coefficient. They are an important part of the development of new energy today. With the development of the new energy industry, batteries are gradually moving towards large-scale and integrated directions. The development of battery technology must consider many design factors at the same time, such as performance parameters such as energy density, discharge capacity, and charge and discharge rate. In addition, the service life of the battery also needs to be considered.
  • the battery cells generate heat and gas during operation, which increases the internal pressure of the battery cells. Timely release of the internal pressure of the battery cell can easily cause problems such as thermal runaway or even explosion. Therefore, the battery cell can be provided with a pressure relief mechanism to form a pressure relief channel when the internal pressure of the battery cell reaches a threshold value, thereby releasing the internal pressure of the battery cell to reduce the possibility of thermal runaway of the battery cell.
  • the pressure relief mechanism may include a notched groove formed on the outer shell of the battery cell, but the internal pressure of the battery cell will change during the charging and discharging process, and the area around the notched groove is easily deformed by force, and in the process of repeated changes of the internal pressure of the battery cell increasing-decreasing-increasing, the area around the notched groove is also easily deformed repeatedly, resulting in the area around the notched groove being in a state of breathing fatigue for a long time, and being prone to premature cracking, which in turn causes the battery cell to leak, affecting the normal charging and discharging of the battery cell, and shortening the service life of the battery cell.
  • the present application provides a shell component for a battery cell, the shell component is provided with a sink, the bottom wall of the sink is provided with a notched groove, in the circumferential direction of the sink, the notched groove extends along a closed trajectory, the notched groove includes a first groove segment and a second groove segment, the side walls of the sink include a first side wall located outside the first groove segment and a second side wall located outside the second groove segment, the maximum distance between the first groove segment and the first side wall is greater than the maximum distance between the second groove segment and the second side wall.
  • a sink groove is provided on the shell component, and a notched groove is provided on the bottom wall of the sink groove, so that the notched groove can be opened when the internal pressure of the battery cell reaches a threshold value to release pressure, thereby reducing the possibility of thermal runaway or even explosion of the battery cell;
  • the notched groove is extended along a closed trajectory in the circumferential direction of the sink groove, the notched groove includes a first groove section and a second groove section, the side wall of the sink groove includes a first side wall located outside the first groove section and a second side wall located outside the second groove section, the maximum distance between the first groove section and the first side wall is greater than the maximum distance between the second groove section and the second side wall, when the shell component is subjected to force, the connection between the bottom wall and the side wall of the sink groove is more likely to deform, the stress is more concentrated, and And the stress will extend from the connection between the bottom wall and the side wall to the middle part of the bottom wall, so the stress on the bottom wall of
  • the battery cells disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used, but not limited to, in electrical equipment such as vehicles, ships or aircraft.
  • the battery disclosed in the present application can be used to form a power supply system for the electrical equipment.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an electric device using a battery as a power source
  • the electric device may be, but is not limited to, an electric tool, a battery vehicle, an electric car, a ship, a spacecraft, etc.
  • the electric toy may include a fixed or mobile electric toy, such as a game console, an electric car toy, an electric ship toy, and an electric airplane toy, etc.
  • the spacecraft may include an airplane, a rocket, a space shuttle, and a spacecraft, etc.
  • the battery described in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to the electrical equipment described above, but can also be applied to all electrical equipment that want to use batteries. However, for the sake of simplicity, the following embodiments are described using an electrical equipment such as a vehicle as an example.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Vehicle 1000 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • a battery 100 is provided inside the vehicle 1000, and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 may be used to power the vehicle 1000, for example, the battery 100 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000, for the circuit system of the vehicle 1000, for example, for the working power requirements during the startup, navigation and operation of the vehicle 1000.
  • the vehicle 1000 may further include a controller 200 and a motor 300 , wherein the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300 , for example, to meet the power requirements of starting, navigating, and driving the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also serve as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the battery provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a box 10 and a battery cell 20, and the battery cell 20 is contained in the box 10.
  • the box 10 is used to provide a storage space for the battery cell 20, and the box 10 can adopt a variety of structures.
  • the box 10 may include a first sub-box 11 and a second sub-box 12, and the first sub-box 11 and the second sub-box 12 cover each other, and the first sub-box 11 and the second sub-box 12 jointly define a storage space for accommodating the battery cell 20.
  • the first sub-box 11 can be a hollow structure with one end open, and the second sub-box 12 can be a plate-like structure, and the second sub-box 12 covers the open side of the first sub-box 11, so that the first sub-box 11 and the second sub-box 12 jointly define a storage space; the first sub-box 11 and the second sub-box 12 can also be hollow structures with one side open, and the open side of the second sub-box 12 covers the open side of the first sub-box 11.
  • the box body 10 may be a rectangular parallelepiped.
  • the box body 10 may also be a cylinder.
  • the box 10 can be made of aluminum, aluminum alloy or other metal materials, so that the box 10 has a high The force performance.
  • the box body 10 may also be made of non-metallic materials with relatively high strength, such as carbon fiber, hard plastic, etc.
  • the battery 100 there may be multiple battery cells 20, and the multiple battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection.
  • a mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 20 are both connected in series and in parallel.
  • the multiple battery cells 20 may be directly connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection, and then the whole formed by the multiple battery cells 20 is accommodated in the box 10; of course, the battery 100 may also be a battery module formed by connecting multiple battery cells 20 in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection, and then the multiple battery modules are connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection to form a whole, and accommodated in the box 10.
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures, for example, the battery 100 may also include a busbar component for realizing electrical connection between the multiple battery cells 20.
  • the battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery; the battery cell 20 may also be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, but is not limited thereto.
  • a battery cell 20 includes a housing 21, an electrode assembly 22 and other functional components.
  • the housing 21 includes an end cover 211 and a shell 212 .
  • the shell 212 has an opening, and the end cover 211 closes the opening.
  • the end cap 211 refers to a component that covers the opening of the shell 212 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 20 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the end cap 211 can be adapted to the shape of the shell 212 to match the shell 212.
  • the end cap 211 can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy), so that the end cap 211 is not easily deformed when squeezed and collided, so that the battery cell 20 can have a higher structural strength and the safety performance can also be improved.
  • Functional components such as electrode terminals 2111 can be provided on the end cap 211. The electrode terminal 2111 can be used to electrically connect to the electrode assembly 22 for outputting or inputting electrical energy of the battery cell 20.
  • the material of the end cap 211 can also be a variety of materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • an insulating structure can also be provided on the inner side of the end cap 211, and the insulating structure can be used to isolate the electrical connection components in the shell 212 from the end cap 211 to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the insulating structure may be plastic, rubber, or the like.
  • the shell 212 is a component used to cooperate with the end cap 211 to form the internal environment of the battery cell 20, wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the electrode assembly 22, the electrolyte and other components.
  • the shell 212 and the end cap 211 can be independent components.
  • the shell 212 can be of various shapes and sizes. Specifically, the shape of the shell 212 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electrode assembly 22.
  • the material of the shell 212 can be various, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • the shell 212 may be a hollow structure with an opening on one side, and the end cover 211 may be a flat plate and cover the opening of the shell 212 .
  • the end cover 211 and the shell 212 may both be hollow structures with one side open, and the open side of the end cover 211 covers the open side of the shell 212 to jointly form an accommodating space.
  • the end cover 211 and the housing 212 may be connected by welding.
  • end cover 211 and the housing 212 may also be fixedly connected by bonding, interference fit, or the like.
  • the battery cell 20 may be in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, so that a plurality of battery cells 20 can be closely arranged in a matrix, which is beneficial to improving the energy density of the battery 100 .
  • the battery cell 20 may also be in a flat body, a cylinder, or other shapes.
  • the electrode assembly 22 is a component in the battery cell 20 where electrochemical reactions occur.
  • One or more electrode assemblies 22 may be included in the housing 212.
  • the electrode assembly 22 is mainly formed by winding or stacking the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, and a separator is usually provided between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, and the separator is used to separate the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet to avoid short circuits between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
  • the parts of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet with active materials constitute the main body of the electrode assembly 22, and the parts of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet without active materials each constitute the pole ear 221.
  • the positive pole ear and the negative pole ear may be located together at one end of the main body or at both ends of the main body respectively.
  • the positive active material and the negative active material react with the electrolyte, and the pole ear 221 connects the electrode terminal 2111 to form a current loop.
  • Figure 4 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the shell component provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the shell component provided in some embodiments of the present application from one perspective
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the shell component along A-A in Figure 5
  • Figure 7 is a local enlarged structural schematic diagram of B of the shell component in Figure 6
  • Figure 8 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the partial structure of the shell component provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a shell component 23 for a battery cell 20, the shell component 23 is provided with a sink 231, the bottom wall of the sink 231 is provided with a notched groove 232, in the circumferential direction of the sink 231, the notched groove 232 extends along a closed track, the notched groove 232 includes a first groove section 2321 and a second groove section 2322, the side wall of the sink 231 includes a first side wall 2331 located on the outside of the first groove section 2321 and a second side wall 2332 located on the outside of the second groove section 2322, the maximum distance between the first groove section 2321 and the first side wall 2331 is greater than the maximum distance between the second groove section 2322 and the second side wall 2332.
  • the notched groove 232 encloses a pressure relief area
  • the outer side of the first groove section 2321 refers to the side of the first groove section 2321 away from the center of the pressure relief area
  • the outer side of the second groove section 2322 refers to the side of the second groove section 2322 away from the center of the pressure relief area.
  • the distance between the first slot section 2321 and the first side wall 2331 is the distance between the first slot section 2321 and the first side wall 2331 along the first direction X.
  • the distance between the second slot section 2322 and the second side wall 2332 is the distance between the second slot section 2322 and the second side wall 2332 along the second direction Y.
  • the outer shell member 23 is a member constituting the outer shell of the battery cell 20 .
  • the sink groove 231 is a structure of the shell component 23 for relieving pressure.
  • the thickness of the shell component 23 at the sink groove 231 is thinner than the thickness of other parts of the shell component 23, so that the battery cell 20 formed by the shell component 23 can rupture at the notched groove 232 of the sink groove 231 when thermal runaway occurs, so as to release the pressure inside the battery cell 20.
  • the bottom wall of the sink 231 is arranged opposite to the opening of the sink 231 , and the side wall of the sink 231 refers to the wall surrounding the bottom wall of the sink 231 .
  • the notched groove 232 can be opened to release pressure when the internal pressure of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold, thereby reducing the possibility of thermal runaway or even explosion of the battery cell 20.
  • the notched groove 232 extend along a closed track in the circumferential direction of the sink 231
  • the notched groove 232 includes a first groove section 2321 and a second groove section 2322
  • the side wall of the sink 231 includes a first side wall 2331 located outside the first groove section 2321 and a second side wall 2332 located outside the second groove section 2322
  • the maximum distance between the first groove section 2321 and the first side wall 2331 is greater than the maximum distance between the second groove section 2322 and the second side wall 2332
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a housing component provided in some embodiments of the present application from one perspective.
  • the distance between the first slot segment 2321 and the first side wall 2331 gradually increases from both ends to the middle of the first slot segment 2321 .
  • the extension of the first groove section 2321 can be smooth and stress concentration points are not easily formed, thereby reducing the possibility of premature cracking due to concentrated force on the first groove section 2321 and extending the service life of the battery cell 20.
  • the distance between the first groove section 2321 and the first side wall 2331 may gradually increase and remain unchanged, that is, the first groove section 2321 may partially extend in a direction away from the first side wall 2331 and partially extend in a direction parallel to the first side wall 2331.
  • the distance between the first slot section 2321 and the first side wall 2331 may gradually increase from one end of the first slot section 2321 to the middle, and the distance between the other end of the first slot section 2321 and the first side wall 2331 may remain unchanged.
  • the first side wall 2331 is a plane
  • the second side wall 2332 is an arc-shaped surface
  • the shell component 23 provided in some embodiments of the present application is rectangular, the width of the shell component 23 along the first direction X is narrow, and the length along the second direction Y is long, so that the size of the sink 231 provided on the shell component 23 along the first direction X is limited, while the size along the second direction Y can be set larger. Therefore, by setting the first side wall 2331 as a plane, the length of the first side wall 2331 can be set longer, so that the area of the sink 231 is larger.
  • the second side wall 2332 As an arc surface, a larger sink area can be further enclosed when the width of the sink 231 along the first direction X is limited, so that the area of the area enclosed by the notched groove 232 is also larger, and the notched groove 232 can form a larger pressure relief channel after being opened by force, which is convenient for realizing the rapid pressure relief of the battery cell 20, and further reducing the possibility of thermal runaway or even explosion of the battery cell 20.
  • first side wall 2331 may also be a curved surface
  • second side wall 2332 may also be a flat surface
  • the sink 231 further includes a third side wall 2333 and a fourth side wall 2334, the third side wall 2333 and the first side wall 2331 are arranged opposite to each other along the first direction X, and the fourth side wall 2334 and the second side wall 2332 are arranged opposite to each other along the second direction; the first direction X intersects with the second direction Y.
  • the side wall distribution of the sink 231 can be made more uniform, and the bottom wall of the sink 231 can be more uniform.
  • the force distribution is also more uniform, and the notched groove 232 is less likely to have a stress concentration point, which can reduce the possibility of premature cracking caused by the concentrated force on the notched groove 232 and extend the service life of the battery cell 20.
  • the first direction X is perpendicular to the second direction Y.
  • the first side wall 2331 and the third side wall 2333, and the second side wall 2332 and the fourth side wall 2334 of the sink 231 can be symmetrically arranged, further making the side wall distribution of the sink 231 more uniform, and the force distribution of the sink 231 more uniform.
  • the notched groove 232 is less likely to have a stress concentration point, which can reduce the possibility of premature cracking due to the concentrated force on the notched groove 232, thereby extending the service life of the battery cell 20.
  • the first direction X, the second direction Y, and the third direction Z are perpendicular to each other.
  • the first direction X is parallel to the width direction of the shell component 23
  • the second direction Y is parallel to the length direction of the shell component 23
  • the third direction Z is parallel to the thickness direction of the shell component 23 .
  • FIG. 10 is a partial enlarged structural diagram of the C portion of the housing component in FIG. 5 .
  • the distance between the first side wall 2331 and the third side wall 2333 is W1
  • the maximum distance between the first groove section 2321 and the first side wall 2331 is W2, satisfying 10%*W1 ⁇ W2 ⁇ 70%*W1.
  • W2 can be 10%*W1, 40%*W1 or 70%*W1, etc.
  • the preparation of the notched groove 232 can be facilitated, and the first groove section 2321 is subjected to less force from inside the battery cell 20, thereby making the area enclosed by the notched groove 232 less likely to be deformed by force, and the improvement of the anti-deformation ability is more obvious, and the notched groove 232 is less likely to crack prematurely, thereby extending the service life of the battery cell 20.
  • the notched groove 232 also includes a third groove segment 2323, the third groove segment 2323 and the first groove segment 2321 are spaced apart along the first direction X, the second groove segment 2322 connects the first groove segment 2321 and the third groove segment 2323, and the maximum distance between the third groove segment 2323 and the third side wall 2333 is greater than the maximum distance between the second groove segment 2322 and the second side wall 2332.
  • the distance between the third slot section 2323 and the third side wall 2333 is the distance between the third slot section 2323 and the third side wall 2333 along the first direction X.
  • the second groove section 2322 connects the first groove section 2321 and the third groove section 2323, and the maximum distance between the third groove section 2323 and the third side wall 2333 is greater than the maximum distance between the second groove section 2322 and the second side wall 2332, it can be ensured that when the internal pressure of the battery cell 20 acts on the shell component 23, the force applied to the third groove section 2323 is smaller than the force applied to the second groove section 2322, and due to the joint action of the first groove section 2321 and the third groove section 2323, the possibility of deformation of the area enclosed by the notched groove 232 due to stress is further reduced, the deformation resistance is stronger, and the possibility of premature cracking of the notched groove 232 is reduced, thereby extending the service life of the battery cell 20.
  • the distance between the third slot segment 2323 and the third side wall 2333 gradually increases from both ends to the middle of the third slot segment 2323 .
  • the extension of the third groove section 2323 can be smooth and less likely to form a stress concentration point, thereby reducing the possibility of premature cracking caused by concentrated force on the third groove section 2323 and extending the service life of the battery cell 20.
  • the distance between the third groove section 2323 and the third side wall 2333 may be partially increased and partially remained unchanged, that is, the third groove section 2323 may partially extend in a direction away from the third side wall 2333 and partially extend in a direction parallel to the third side wall 2333.
  • the distance between the third slot section 2323 and the third side wall 2333 may gradually increase from one end of the third slot section 2323 to the middle, and the distance between the other end of the third slot section 2323 and the third side wall 2333 may remain unchanged.
  • the third side wall 2333 is a plane.
  • the shell component 23 provided in some embodiments of the present application is rectangular, the width of the shell component 23 along the first direction X is narrow, and the length along the second direction Y is long, so that the size of the sink 231 provided on the shell component 23 along the first direction X is limited, while the size along the second direction Y can be set larger.
  • the length of the third side wall 2333 can be set longer, so that the area of the sink 231 is larger, so that the area of the area enclosed by the notched groove 232 is also larger, and the notched groove 232 can form a larger pressure relief channel after being opened by force, which is convenient for realizing the rapid pressure relief of the battery cell 20, and further reducing the possibility of thermal runaway or even explosion of the battery cell 20.
  • the distance between the first side wall 2331 and the third side wall 2333 is W1
  • the maximum distance between the third groove section 2323 and the third side wall 2333 is W3, satisfying 10%*W1 ⁇ W3 ⁇ 70%*W1, for example, W3 can be 10%*W1, 40%*W1 or 70%*W1, etc.
  • the preparation of the notched groove 232 can be facilitated, and the third groove section 2323 is subjected to less force from inside the battery cell 20, thereby making the area enclosed by the notched groove 232 less likely to be deformed by force, and the improvement of the anti-deformation ability is more obvious, and the notched groove 232 is less likely to crack prematurely, thereby extending the service life of the battery cell 20.
  • the first slot segment 2321 and the third slot segment 2323 are symmetrically arranged relative to the center point of the sink 231 .
  • the center point of the sink 231 may be the geometric center point of the bottom wall of the sink 231 .
  • the force on the notched groove 232 can be made more uniform, the area enclosed by the notched groove 232 is less likely to be deformed by force, the deformation resistance is stronger, and the notched groove 232 is less likely to crack prematurely, thereby extending the service life of the battery cell 20.
  • the distribution of the notched groove 232 can be more uniform, the notched groove 232 is less likely to generate a stress concentration point, and the notched groove 232 is less likely to crack prematurely, thereby extending the service life of the battery cell 20.
  • the first slot segment 2321 , the second slot segment 2322 , the third slot segment 2323 and the fourth slot segment 2324 are connected end to end to form a closed ring.
  • the notched groove 232 can be opened, and the area enclosed by the notched groove 232 can be separated from other areas of the shell component 23, forming a pressure relief channel with a larger area, which is convenient for realizing rapid pressure relief of the battery cell 20 and further reducing the possibility of thermal runaway or even explosion of the battery cell 20.
  • a maximum distance between the first slot segment 2321 and the first side wall 2331 is greater than a maximum distance between the fourth slot segment 2324 and the fourth side wall 2334 .
  • the distance between the fourth slot section 2324 and the fourth side wall 2334 is the distance between the fourth slot section 2324 and the fourth side wall 2334 along the first direction X.
  • the fourth side wall 2334 is a curved surface.
  • the housing component 23 provided in some embodiments of the present application is rectangular, the width of the housing component 23 along the first direction X is narrow, and the length along the second direction Y is long, so that the size of the sinking groove 231 provided on the housing component 23 along the first direction X is limited. Therefore, by setting the fourth side wall 2334 as an arc surface, a larger sinking groove area can be further enclosed when the width of the sinking groove 231 along the first direction X is limited, so that the area of the area enclosed by the notched groove 232 is also larger, and the notched groove 232 can form a larger pressure relief channel after being opened by force, which is convenient for realizing rapid pressure relief of the battery cell 20, and further reducing the possibility of thermal runaway or even explosion of the battery cell 20.
  • the fourth side wall 2334 may also be a plane.
  • the second slot segment 2322 and the fourth slot segment 2324 are symmetrically arranged relative to the center point of the sink 231 .
  • the force on the notched groove 232 can be made more uniform, the area enclosed by the notched groove 232 is less likely to be deformed by force, the deformation resistance is stronger, and the notched groove 232 is less likely to crack prematurely, thereby extending the service life of the battery cell 20.
  • the depths of the first slot segment 2321 , the second slot segment 2322 , and the fourth slot segment 2324 are greater than the depth of the third slot segment 2323 .
  • the depth of the notch groove 232 is the dimension of the notch groove 232 in the third direction Z.
  • the first groove section 2321, the second groove section 2322 and the fourth groove section 2324 can be opened before the second groove section 2322 to form a pressure relief channel, and the area of the housing component 23 enclosed by the notched groove 232 is connected to other areas, thereby reducing the pressure of the notched groove.
  • the depth of the other three slot sections among the first slot section 2321, the second slot section 2322, the third slot section 2323, and the fourth slot section 2324 may be greater than the depth of another slot section.
  • the depth of the first slot section 2321, the second slot section 2322, and the third slot section 2323 is greater than the depth of the fourth slot section 2324.
  • the depth of two connected groove sections among the first groove section 2321, the second groove section 2322, the third groove section 2323, and the fourth groove section 2324 may be greater than the depth of the other two groove sections.
  • the depth of the first groove section 2321 and the second groove section 2322 is greater than the depth of the third groove section 2323 and the fourth groove section 2324.
  • the depth of one of the first slot segment 2321, the second slot segment 2322, the third slot segment 2323, and the fourth slot segment 2324 may be greater than the depths of the other three slot segments.
  • the depth of the first slot segment 2321 is greater than the depths of the second slot segment 2322, the third slot segment 2323, and the fourth slot segment 2324.
  • the depths of multiple groove sections that are greater than the depths of other groove sections may be the same or different.
  • the depths of the first groove section 2321, the second groove section 2322, and the fourth groove section 2324 are greater than the depth of the third groove section 2323, the depths of the first groove section 2321, the second groove section 2322, and the fourth groove section 2324 may also be different.
  • the depth of the first groove section 2321 is greater than the depth of the fourth groove section 2324
  • the depth of the second groove section 2322 is greater than the depth of the first groove section 2321, so that the second groove section 2322, the first groove section 2321, the fourth groove section 2324, and the third groove section 2323 can be opened in sequence when the internal pressure of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold value, and the greater the internal pressure of the battery cell 20, the more groove sections are opened, the larger the area of the pressure relief channel formed, and the faster the pressure relief speed.
  • the distance between the first side wall 2331 and the third side wall 2333 is W1
  • the maximum distance between the first slot section 2321 and the first side wall 2331 is W2
  • the maximum distance between the third slot section 2323 and the third side wall 2333 is W3, satisfying W2+W3 ⁇ W1.
  • the first groove section 2321 is not connected to the third groove section 2323, thereby reducing the problem of stress concentration and easy cracking at the connection between the first groove section 2321 and the third groove section 2323, and the possibility of premature cracking of the notched groove 232 is smaller, thereby extending the service life of the battery cell 20.
  • the first slot segment 2321 and the second slot segment 2322 are both arc segments.
  • the extension of the first groove section 2321 and the second groove section 2322 can be smooth, and it is not easy to form a stress concentration point, thereby reducing the possibility of premature cracking caused by concentrated force on the first groove section 2321 and the second groove section 2322, and extending the service life of the battery cell 20; and the second groove section 2322 can enclose a larger area, so that a larger pressure relief channel can be formed after the notched groove 232 is opened by force, which is convenient for realizing rapid pressure relief of the battery cell 20, and further reducing the possibility of thermal runaway or even explosion of the battery cell 20.
  • the extension of the third groove section 2323 and the fourth groove section 2324 can be smooth, and it is not easy to form a stress concentration point, thereby reducing the possibility of premature cracking caused by the third groove section 2323 and the fourth groove section 2324 being subjected to concentrated force, and the service life of the battery cell 20; and the fourth groove section 2324 can enclose a larger area, so that a larger pressure relief channel can be formed after the notched groove 232 is opened by force, which is convenient for realizing rapid pressure relief of the battery cell 20, and further reducing the possibility of thermal runaway or even explosion of the battery cell 20.
  • the transition part between the first groove section 2321 and the second groove section 2322 can be smooth and less likely to form a stress concentration point, thereby reducing the possibility of premature cracking caused by concentrated force on the first groove section 2321 and extending the service life of the battery cell 20.
  • arc transitions are provided between the second slot segment 2322 and the third slot segment 2323, between the third slot segment 2323 and the fourth slot segment 2324, and between the fourth slot segment 2324 and the first slot segment 2321. This can make the transition portions between adjacent slot segments smooth and less likely to form stress concentration points, thereby reducing the possibility of premature cracking due to concentrated stress on each slot segment and extending the service life of the battery cell 20.
  • the first groove segment 2321 includes a first sub-groove segment 2321a and a second sub-groove segment 2321b, and the angle between the tangent of the first sub-groove segment 2321a and the first side wall 2331 is ⁇ 1, and the angle between the tangent of the second sub-groove segment 2321b and the first side wall 2331 is ⁇ 2, satisfying 40° ⁇ 1 ⁇ 80°, 40° ⁇ 2 ⁇ 80°, for example, ⁇ 1 can be 40°, 60° or 80°, etc., and ⁇ 2 can be 40°, 55° or 80°, etc.
  • the tangent line of the second sub-slot segment 2321b By making the included angle ⁇ 1 between the tangent line of the first sub-slot segment 2321a and the first side wall 2331, the tangent line of the second sub-slot segment 2321b The angle ⁇ 2 with the first side wall 2331 satisfies 40° ⁇ 1 ⁇ 80°, 40° ⁇ 2 ⁇ 80°.
  • the first groove section 2321 can be further away from the first side wall 2331 of the sink 231, so as to further reduce the pressure inside the battery cell on the first groove section 2321; on the other hand, the corner amplitude of the connection between the first sub-groove section 2321a, the second sub-groove section 2321b and other groove sections can be reduced, thereby reducing the possibility of stress concentration points at the connection between the first sub-groove section 2321a, the second sub-groove section 2321b and other groove sections, so that the area enclosed by the notched groove 232 is less likely to be deformed by force, has stronger deformation resistance, and is less likely to crack the notched groove 232 prematurely, thereby extending the service life of the battery cell 20.
  • the third groove segment 2323 includes a third sub-groove segment 2323a and a fourth sub-groove segment 2323b, and the angle between the tangent of the third sub-groove segment 2323a and the third side wall 2333 is ⁇ 3, and the angle between the tangent of the fourth sub-groove segment 2323b and the third side wall 2333 is ⁇ 4, satisfying 40° ⁇ 3 ⁇ 80°, 40° ⁇ 4 ⁇ 80°, for example, ⁇ 3 can be 40°, 65° or 80°, etc., and ⁇ 4 can be 40°, 50° or 80°, etc.
  • the third slot segment 2323 can be further away from the third side wall 2333 of the sink 231, so as to further reduce the pressure inside the battery cell on the third slot segment 2323; on the other hand, the corner amplitude of the connection between the third sub-slot segment 2323a, the fourth sub-slot segment 2323b and other slot segments can be reduced, thereby reducing the possibility of stress concentration points being generated at the connection between the third sub-slot segment 2323a, the fourth sub-slot segment 2323b and other slot segments, so that the area enclosed by the notched groove 232 is less likely to be deformed by force, has stronger anti-deformation ability, and is less likely to crack the notched groove 232 prematurely,
  • the length of the second groove segment 2322 is L1
  • the length of the notched groove 232 is L, satisfying L1 ⁇ 1/4*L.
  • L1 can be 1/4*L, 1/3*L, or 2/5*L.
  • the length of the second groove section 2322 in the notched groove 232 can be longer.
  • the second groove section 2322 is easily opened for pressure relief, and the area of the pressure relief area enclosed by the notched groove 232 is made larger. After the notched groove 232 is opened under force, a larger pressure relief channel can be formed, which facilitates the rapid pressure relief of the battery cell 20 and further reduces the possibility of thermal runaway or even explosion of the battery cell 20.
  • the length of the fourth groove segment 2324 is L2
  • the length of the notched groove 232 is L, satisfying L2 ⁇ 1/4*L.
  • L2 can be 1/4*L, 1/3*L or 2/5*L, etc.
  • the fourth groove section 2324 in the notched groove 232 can be made longer.
  • the fourth groove section 2324 can be easily opened to release pressure, thereby reducing the possibility of thermal runaway or even explosion of the battery cell 20.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a housing component provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the housing component 23 includes a body 23a and a pressure relief member 23b, the body 23a is provided with a through hole 234, and the pressure relief member 23b covers the through hole 234 to form a sink 231.
  • the preparation and assembly of the body 23a and the pressure relief member 23b are simple, which facilitates the formation of the sink 231.
  • the body 23a and the pressure relief member 23b may also be integrally formed.
  • the sink 231 may be formed by a side of the housing component 23 facing away from the electrode assembly 22 and recessed toward the electrode assembly 22. This can make the connection strength between the body 23a and the pressure relief member 23b stronger, and the pressure relief member 23b is not easily separated from the body 23a when the battery cell 20 does not produce thermal runaway, thereby extending the service life of the battery cell 20.
  • the sink 231 may be formed by a side of the shell component 23 facing the electrode assembly 22 being recessed in a direction away from the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the present application also provides a battery cell 20 , including the housing component 23 provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • the battery cell 20 includes a shell 212 and an end cover 211 , the shell 212 has an opening, the end cover 211 closes the opening, and the outer shell component 23 is the end cover 211 .
  • the outer shell component 23 is an end cap 211, which can release pressure when the internal pressure of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold value, so as to reduce the possibility of thermal runaway or even explosion of the battery cell 20.
  • the pressure relief structure is formed by providing a notched groove 232 on the end cap 211, and the pressure relief structure has good stability and good long-term reliability.
  • the sink 231 is disposed on a side of the end cover 211 facing away from the electrode assembly 22 , that is, the opening of the sink 231 faces away from the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the sink 231 may also be disposed on the side of the end cap 211 facing the electrode assembly 22, and the sink 231 The opening faces the electrode assembly 22.
  • the shell component 23 may also be a shell 212, which includes multiple wall portions, which together define a receiving space for receiving the electrode assembly 22 of the battery cell 20, and the sink 231 is disposed in at least one of the multiple wall portions.
  • the sink 231 may be provided on one wall portion or on multiple wall portions.
  • a plurality of recessed grooves 231 and notched grooves 232 may be provided on a wall of the end cover 211 or the housing 212 .
  • the outer shell component 23 has both the function of accommodating the electrode assembly 22 and the function of relieving pressure.
  • the present application also provides a battery 100 , comprising the battery cell 20 provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • an electrical device comprising the battery 100 provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • the electrical equipment may be any of the above-mentioned devices using batteries.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a shell component 23, the shell component 23 is provided with a sink 231, the bottom wall of the sink 231 is provided with a notched groove 232, and the notched groove 232 extends along a closed track in the circumferential direction of the sink 231.
  • the notched groove 232 includes a first groove section 2321, a second groove section 2322, a third groove section 2323 and a fourth groove section 2324, the first groove section 2321 and the third groove section 2323 are arranged at intervals along the first direction X, and are symmetrical relative to the center point of the sink 231; the second groove section 2322 and the fourth groove section 2324 are arranged at intervals along the second direction Y, and are symmetrical relative to the center point of the sink 231.
  • the side walls of the trough 231 include a first side wall 2331 located on the outside of the first trough section 2321, a second side wall 2332 located on the outside of the second trough section 2322, a third side wall 2333 located on the outside of the third trough section 2323, and a fourth side wall 2334 located on the outside of the fourth trough section 2324.
  • the first side wall 2331 and the third side wall 2333 are relatively arranged along the first direction X
  • the second side wall 2332 and the fourth side wall 2334 are relatively arranged along the second direction Y.
  • the maximum distance between the first slot section 2321 and the first side wall 2331 is greater than the maximum distance between the second slot section 2322 and the second side wall 2332, and the maximum distance between the fourth slot section 2324 and the fourth side wall 2334.
  • the maximum distance between the third slot section 2323 and the third side wall 2333 is greater than the maximum distance between the second slot section 2322 and the second side wall 2332, and the maximum distance between the fourth slot section 2324 and the fourth side wall 2334.
  • the first side wall 2331 and the third side wall 2333 are planes, and the second side wall 2332 and the fourth side wall 2334 are arc-shaped surfaces.
  • the first slot section 2321, the second slot section 2322, the third slot section 2323, and the fourth slot section 2324 are all arc segments. There are arc transitions between the first slot section 2321 and the second slot section 2322, between the second slot section 2322 and the third slot section 2323, between the third slot section 2323 and the fourth slot section 2324, and between the fourth slot section 2324 and the first slot section 2321.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

一种外壳部件(23)、电池单体(20)、电池(100)以及用电设备，该外壳部件(23)设置有沉槽(231)，沉槽(231)的底壁设置有刻痕槽(232)，在沉槽(231)的周向上，刻痕槽(232)沿封闭的轨迹延伸，刻痕槽(232)包括第一槽段(2321)和第二槽段(2322)，沉槽(231)的侧壁包括位于第一槽段(2321)外侧的第一侧壁(2331)和位于第二槽段(2322)外侧的第二侧壁(2332)，第一槽段(2321)与第一侧壁(2331)的最大距离大于第二槽段(2322)与所述第二侧壁(2332)的最大距离；能够使得电池单体(20)的内部压力作用于外壳部件(23)时，第一槽段(2321)受到的作用力小于第二槽段(2322)受到的作用力，进而使得刻痕槽(232)围合的区域受力变形的可能性更小，刻痕槽(232)提前开裂的可能性更小，从而能够延长电池单体(20)的使用寿命。

Description

外壳部件、电池单体、电池以及用电设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2023年11月28日提交的名称为“外壳部件、电池单体、电池以及用电设备”中国专利申请CN202311621363.2的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种外壳部件、电池单体、电池以及用电设备。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
在电池技术中，如何延长电池的使用寿命，是一个亟待解决的技术问题。
实用新型内容
本申请实施例提供一种外壳部件、电池单体、电池以及用电设备，能够减小外壳部件的刻痕槽提前开裂泄压的可能性，从而延长电池的使用寿命。
第一方面，本申请提供一种外壳部件，用于电池单体，所述外壳部件设置有沉槽，所述沉槽的底壁设置有刻痕槽，在所述沉槽的周向上，所述刻痕槽沿封闭的轨迹延伸，所述刻痕槽包括第一槽段和第二槽段，所述沉槽的侧壁包括位于所述第一槽段外侧的第一侧壁和位于所述第二槽段外侧的第二侧壁，所述第一槽段与所述第一侧壁的最大距离大于所述第二槽段与所述第二侧壁的最大距离。
在上述技术方案中，通过在外壳部件设置沉槽，并在沉槽的底壁设置刻痕槽，使得刻痕槽能够在电池单体的内部压力达到阈值时打开，以进行泄压，能够减小电池单体产生热失控甚至爆炸的可能性；通过使得在沉槽的周向上，刻痕槽沿封闭的轨迹延伸，刻痕槽包括第一槽段和第二槽段，沉槽的侧壁包括位于第一槽段外侧的第一侧壁和位于第二槽段外侧的第二侧壁，第一槽段与第一侧壁的最大距离大于第二槽段与第二侧壁的最大距离，能够使得电池单体的内部压力作用于外壳部件时，第一槽段受到的作用力小于第二槽段受到的作用力，进而使得刻痕槽围合的区域受力变形的可能性更小，刻痕槽提前开裂的可能性更小，从而能够延长电池单体的使用寿命。
根据本申请的一些实施例，从所述第一槽段的两端向中部，所述第一槽段与所述第一侧壁的距离逐渐增大。
在上述技术方案中，通过使得从第一槽段的两端向中部，第一槽段与第一侧壁的距离逐渐增大，能够使得第一槽段的延伸平滑，不易形成应力集中点，从而能够减小第一槽段受力集中导致提前开裂的可能性，延长电池单体的使用寿命。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一侧壁为平面，所述第二侧壁为弧形面。
在上述技术方案中，通过将第一侧壁设置为平面，能够使得第一侧壁的长度能够设置得较长，使得沉槽的面积较大；通过将第二侧壁设置为弧形面，能够进一步在沉槽的宽度受限的情况下围合出更大的沉槽面积，从而使得刻痕槽围合的区域的面积也较大，刻痕槽受力打开后能够形成较大的泄压通道，便于实现电池单体的快速泄压，进一步减小电池单体热失控甚至爆炸的可能性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述沉槽还包括第三侧壁和第四侧壁，所述第三侧壁与所述第一侧壁沿第一方向相对设置，所述第四侧壁与所述第二侧壁沿第二方向相对设置；所述第一方向与所述第二方向相交。
在上述技术方案中，沉槽还包括第三侧壁和第四侧壁，第三侧壁与第一侧壁沿第一方向相对设置，第四侧壁与第二侧壁沿第二方向相对设置；所述第一方向与所述第二方向相交；能够使得沉槽的侧壁分布更加均匀，沉槽的底壁的受力分布也更加均匀，刻痕槽不易出现应力集中点，能够减小刻痕槽受力集中导致提前开裂的可能性，延长电池单体的使用寿命。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一方向与所述第二方向垂直。
在上述技术方案中，通过使得第一方向与第二方向垂直，能够使得沉槽的第一侧壁与第三 侧壁，第二侧壁与第四侧壁呈对称设置，进一步使得沉槽的侧壁分布更加均匀，沉槽的受力分布也更加均匀，刻痕槽不易出现应力集中点，能够减小刻痕槽受力集中导致提前开裂的可能性，延长电池单体的使用寿命。
根据本申请的一些实施例，沿所述第一方向，所述第一侧壁和所述第三侧壁之间的距离为W1，所述第一槽段与所述第一侧壁之间的最大距离为W2，满足10％*W1≤W2≤70％*W1。
在上述技术方案中，通过使得沿第一方向，第一侧壁和第三侧壁之间的距离W1，第一槽段与第一侧壁之间的最大距离W2满足10％*W1≤W2≤70％*W1，能够便于刻痕槽的制备，并且使得第一槽段受到电池单体内部的作用力较小，进而使得刻痕槽围合的区域受力变形的可能性更小，抗变形能力的提升更加明显，刻痕槽提前开裂的可能性更小，从而能够延长电池单体的使用寿命。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述刻痕槽还包括第三槽段，所述第三槽段与所述第一槽段沿所述第一方向间隔设置，所述第二槽段连接所述第一槽段和所述第三槽段，所述第三槽段与所述第三侧壁的最大距离大于所述第二槽段与所述第二侧壁的最大距离。
在上述技术方案中，通过设置第三槽段，并使得第三槽段与第一槽段沿第一方向间隔设置，第二槽段连接第一槽段和第三槽段，第三槽段与第三侧壁的最大距离大于第二槽段与第二侧壁的最大距离，能够使得电池单体的内部压力作用于外壳部件时，第三槽段受到的作用力小于第二槽段受到的作用力，并且由于第一槽段和第三槽段的共同作用，能够进一步使得刻痕槽围合的区域受力变形的可能性更小，抗变形能力更强，刻痕槽提前开裂的可能性更小，从而能够延长电池单体的使用寿命。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一槽段与所述第三槽段相对所述沉槽的中心点对称设置。
在上述技术方案中，通过使得第一槽段与第三槽段相对沉槽的中心点对称设置，能够使得刻痕槽的受力更加均匀，刻痕槽围合的区域受力变形的可能性更小，抗变形能力更强，刻痕槽提前开裂的可能性更小，从而能够延长电池单体的使用寿命。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述刻痕槽还包括第四槽段，所述第四槽段与所述第二槽段沿所述第二方向间隔设置，所述第一槽段、所述第二槽段、所述第三槽段和所述第四槽段首尾连接形成封闭的环形，所述第一槽段与所述第一侧壁的最大距离大于所述第四槽段与所述第四侧壁的最大距离。
在上述技术方案中，通过设置第四槽段，使得第四槽段与第二槽段沿第二方向间隔设置，能够使得刻痕槽的分布更加均匀，刻痕槽产生应力集中点的可能性更小，刻痕槽提前开裂的可能性更小，从而能够延长电池单体的使用寿命；第一槽段、第二槽段、第三槽段和第四槽段首尾连接形成封闭的环形，使得电池单体产生热失控时，刻痕槽能够打开，并且刻痕槽围合的区域能够与外壳部件的其他区域分离，形成面积较大的泄压通道，便于实现电池单体的快速泄压，进一步减小电池单体热失控甚至爆炸的可能性；第一槽段与第一侧壁的最大距离大于第四槽段与第四侧壁的最大距离，使得第一槽段受到的作用力小于第四槽段受到的作用力，进而使得刻痕槽围合的区域受力变形的可能性更小。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第二槽段与所述第四槽段相对所述沉槽的中心点对称设置。
在上述技术方案中，通过使得第二槽段与第四槽段相对沉槽的中心点对称设置，能够使得刻痕槽的受力更加均匀，刻痕槽围合的区域受力变形的可能性更小，抗变形能力更强，刻痕槽提前开裂的可能性更小，从而能够延长电池单体的使用寿命。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一槽段、所述第二槽段以及所述第四槽段的深度大于所述第三槽段的深度。
在上述技术方案中，通过使得第一槽段、第二槽段以及第四槽段的深度大于第三槽段的深度，能够使得第一槽段、第二槽段以及第四槽段先于第二槽段受力打开以形成泄压通道，并且使得外壳部件由刻痕槽围合的区域与其他区域保持连接，减小刻痕槽围合的区域与其他区域分离后与其他部件干涉造成损伤的可能性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，沿所述第一方向，所述第一侧壁和所述第三侧壁之间的距离为W1，所述第一槽段与所述第一侧壁之间的最大距离为W2，所述第三槽段与所述第三侧壁之间的最大距离为W3，满足W2+W3＜W1。
在上述技术方案中，通过使得沿第一方向，第一侧壁和第三侧壁之间的距离W1，第一槽 段与第一侧壁之间的最大距离W2，第三槽段与第三侧壁之间的最大距离W3满足W2+W3＜W1，使得第一槽段与第三槽段不连接，从而能够减小第一槽段与第三槽段连接而造成连接处应力集中而容易开裂的问题，刻痕槽提前开裂的可能性更小，从而能够延长电池单体的使用寿命。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一槽段和所述第二槽段均为弧线段。
在上述技术方案中，通过使得第一槽段和第二槽段均为弧线段，能够使得第一槽段和第二槽段的延伸平滑，不易形成应力集中点，从而能够减小第一槽段和第二槽段受力集中导致提前开裂的可能性，延长电池单体的使用寿命；并且第二槽段能够围合较大的面积，使得刻痕槽受力打开后能够形成较大的泄压通道，便于实现电池单体的快速泄压，进一步减小电池单体热失控甚至爆炸的可能性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一槽段和所述第二槽段之间圆弧过渡。
在上述技术方案中，通过使得第一槽段和第二槽段之间圆弧过渡，能够使得第一槽段和第二槽段之间的过渡部分平滑，不易形成应力集中点，从而能够减小第一槽段受力集中导致提前开裂的可能性，电池单体的使用寿命。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一槽段包括第一子槽段和第二子槽段，所述第一子槽段的切线与所述第一侧壁的夹角为α1，所述第二子槽段的切线与所述第一侧壁的夹角为α2，满足40°≤α1≤80°，40°≤α2≤80°。
在上述技术方案中，第一槽段包括第一子槽段和第二子槽段，通过使得第一子槽段的切线与第一侧壁的夹角α1，第二子槽段的切线与第一侧壁的夹角α2满足40°≤α1≤80°，40°≤α2≤80°，一方面，使得第一槽段能够更加远离沉槽的第一侧壁，以进一步减小第一槽段受到的电芯单体内部的压力；另一方面，能够减小第一子槽段、第二子槽段与其他槽段的连接处的拐角幅度，进而能够减小第一子槽段、第二子槽段与其他槽段的连接处产生应力集中点的可能性，使得刻痕槽围合的区域受力变形的可能性更小，抗变形能力更强，刻痕槽提前开裂的可能性更小，从而能够延长电池单体的使用寿命。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第二槽段的长度为L1，所述刻痕槽的长度为L，满足L1≥1/4*L。
在上述技术方案中，通过使得第二槽段的长度L1，刻痕槽的长度L满足L1≥1/4*L，能够使得刻痕槽中比第一槽段受力更大的第二槽段的长度较长，电池单体的内部压力达到阈值时，第二槽段容易打开以进行泄压，并且使得刻痕槽围合形成的泄压区域的面积更大，刻痕槽受力打开后能够形成较大的泄压通道，便于实现电池单体的快速泄压，进一步减小电池单体产生热失控甚至爆炸的可能性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述外壳部件包括本体和泄压件，所述本体上设置有通孔，所述泄压件覆盖所述通孔以形成所述沉槽。
在上述技术方案中，外壳部件包括本体和泄压件，本体上设置有通孔，泄压件覆盖通孔以形成沉槽，本体和泄压件的制备和组装简单，便于沉槽的形成。
第二方面，本申请提供一种电池单体，包括如上述的外壳部件。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述电池单体包括壳体和端盖，所述壳体具有开口，所述端盖封闭所述开口，所述外壳部件为所述端盖或所述壳体。
在上述技术方案中，外壳部件为端盖或壳体，能够在电池单体的内部压力达到阈值时实现泄压，以减小电池单体产生热失控甚至爆炸的可能性；通过在端盖上设置刻痕槽的方式来形成泄压结构，泄压结构具有较好的稳定性，具有良好的长期可靠性。
第三方面，本申请提供一种电池，包括如上述的电池单体。
第四方面，本申请提供一种用电设备，包括如上述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1是本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2是本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸结构示意图；
图3是本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸结构示意图；
图4是本申请一些实施例提供的外壳部件的立体结构示意图；
图5是本申请一些实施例提供的外壳部件的一个视角的结构示意图；
图6是图5中外壳部件沿A-A的剖视结构示意图；
图7是图6中外壳部件的B处的局部放大结构示意图；
图8是本申请一些实施例提供的外壳部件的部分结构的立体示意图；
图9是本申请一些实施例提供的外壳部件的部分结构的一个视角的示意图；
图10是图5中外壳部件的C处的局部放大结构示意图；
图11是本申请一些实施例提供的外壳部件的爆炸结构示意图。
图标：1000-车辆；100-电池；10-箱体；11-第一子箱体；12-第二子箱体；20-电池单体；21-外壳；211-端盖；2111-电极端子；212-壳体；22-电极组件；221-极耳；23-外壳部件；23a-本体；23b-泄压件；231-沉槽；232-刻痕槽；2321-第一槽段；2321a-第一子槽段；2321b-二子槽段；2322-第二槽段；2323-第三槽段；2324-第四槽段；2331-第一侧壁；2332-第二侧壁；2333-第三侧壁；2334-第四侧壁；234-通孔；200-控制器；300-马达；X-第一方向；Y-第二方向；Z-第三方向。
具体实施例方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般还可以包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体或多个电池模块的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂覆正极活性物质层的集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂覆负极活性物质层的集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。
电池单体还包括外壳部件，外壳部件可以为端盖，也可以为壳体，端盖封闭壳体的开口，以限定出用于容纳电极组件的容纳空间。
电池具有能量密度高、环境污染小、功率密度大、使用寿命长、适应范围广、自放电系数小等突出的优点，是现今新能源发展的重要组成部分。随着新能源行业的发展，电池逐步朝着大型化、集成化方向发展。电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数，另外，还需要考虑电池的使用寿命。
然而，电池单体在工作过程中会产生热量和气体，导致电池单体的内部压力增大。若无法 及时释放电池单体的内部压力，容易产生热失控甚至爆炸等问题。因此，电池单体可以通过设置泄压机构以在电池单体的内部压力达到阈值时形成泄压通道，释放电池单体的内部压力，以减小电池单体产生热失控的可能性。泄压机构可以包括形成于电池单体的外壳上的刻痕槽，但是电池单体在充放电的过程中，内部压力会产生变化，而刻痕槽周围的区域容易受力产生形变，并且在电池单体的内部压力变大-变小-变大的反复变化过程中，刻痕槽周围的区域也容易反复产生形变，导致刻痕槽周围的区域长期处于呼吸疲劳的状态，容易提前开裂，进而导致电池单体漏液，影响电池单体的正常充放电，使得电池单体的使用寿命较短。
基于以上考虑，本申请提供了一种外壳部件，用于电池单体，外壳部件设置有沉槽，沉槽的底壁设置有刻痕槽，在沉槽的周向上，刻痕槽沿封闭的轨迹延伸，刻痕槽包括第一槽段和第二槽段，沉槽的侧壁包括位于第一槽段外侧的第一侧壁和位于第二槽段外侧的第二侧壁，第一槽段与第一侧壁的最大距离大于第二槽段与第二侧壁的最大距离。
本申请技术方案中，通过在外壳部件设置沉槽，并在沉槽的底壁设置刻痕槽，使得刻痕槽能够在电池单体的内部压力达到阈值时打开，以进行泄压，能够减小电池单体产生热失控甚至爆炸的可能性；通过使得在沉槽的周向上，刻痕槽沿封闭的轨迹延伸，刻痕槽包括第一槽段和第二槽段，沉槽的侧壁包括位于第一槽段外侧的第一侧壁和位于第二槽段外侧的第二侧壁，第一槽段与第一侧壁的最大距离大于第二槽段与第二侧壁的最大距离，由于外壳部件受力时，沉槽的底壁和侧壁的连接处更容易产生变形，应力更加集中，并且应力会由底壁和侧壁的连接处向底壁的中部延伸，因而沉槽的底壁上越远离侧壁的部分应力越小，使得电池单体的内部压力作用于外壳部件时，第一槽段受到的作用力小于第二槽段受到的作用力，进而使得刻痕槽围合的区域受力变形的可能性更小，刻痕槽提前开裂的可能性更小，从而能够延长电池单体的使用寿命；并且第二槽段靠近第二侧壁，能够使得刻痕槽围合形成的泄压区域的面积更大，刻痕槽受力打开后能够形成较大的泄压通道，便于实现电池单体的快速泄压，进一步减小电池单体热失控甚至爆炸的可能性。
本申请实施例公开的电池单体可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电设备中。可以使用具备本申请公开的电池组成该用电设备的电源系统。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作为电源的用电设备，用电设备可以为但不限于电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
本申请的实施例描述的电池不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的用电设备，还可以适用于所有让想使用电池的用电设备，但为描述简洁，以下实施例以一种用电设备为车辆为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，用于车辆1000的电路系统，例如用于车辆1000的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。
车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸结构示意图。电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20，电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。其中，箱体10用于为电池单体20提供容纳空间，箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一子箱体11和第二子箱体12，第一子箱体11与第二子箱体12相互盖合，第一子箱体11和第二子箱体12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间。第一子箱体11可以为一端开口的空心结构，第二子箱体12可以为板状结构，第二子箱体12盖合于第一子箱体11的开口侧，以使第一子箱体11与第二子箱体12共同限定出容纳空间；第一子箱体11和第二子箱体12也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第二子箱体12的开口侧盖合于第一子箱体11的开口侧。
在一些实施例中，箱体10可以为长方体。
在另一些实施例中，箱体10也可以为圆柱体。
在一些实施例中，箱体10可以由铝、铝合金或其他金属材料制成，使得箱体10具有较高 的受力性能。
在另一些实施例中，箱体10也可以为碳纤维、硬质塑料等强度较高的非金属材料。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内；当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接。
其中，电池单体20可以为二次电池或一次电池；电池单体20还可以是锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池，但不局限于此。
请参照图3，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸结构示意图。如图3所示，电池单体20包括外壳21、电极组件22及其他的功能性部件。
外壳21包括端盖211和壳体212，壳体212具有开口，端盖211封闭开口。
端盖211是指盖合于壳体212的开口处以将电池单体20的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，端盖211的形状可以与壳体212的形状相适应以配合壳体212。可选地，端盖211可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，端盖211在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体20能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。端盖211上可以设置有如电极端子2111等的功能性部件。电极端子2111可以用于与电极组件22电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体20的电能。端盖211的材质也可以是多种的，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金等。在一些实施例中，在端盖211的内侧还可以设置有绝缘结构，绝缘结构可以用于隔离壳体212内的电连接部件与端盖211，以降低短路的风险。示例性的，绝缘结构可以是塑料、橡胶等。
壳体212是用于配合端盖211以形成电池单体20的内部环境的组件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电极组件22、电解液以及其他部件。壳体212和端盖211可以是独立的部件。壳体212可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的。具体地，壳体212的形状可以根据电极组件22的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体212的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金等。
在一些实施例中，壳体212可以为一侧开口的空心结构，端盖211可以呈平板设置，并覆盖壳体212的开口。
在另一些实施例中，端盖211和壳体212都可以为一侧开口的空心结构，端盖211的开口侧盖合于壳体212的开口侧，以共同形成容置空间。
在一些实施例中，端盖211和壳体212可以通过焊接方式连接。
在另一些实施例中，端盖211和壳体212也可以通过粘接、过盈配合等方式固定连接。
在一些实施例中，电池单体20可以呈长方体，使得多个电池单体20能够呈矩阵紧密排列，有利于提高电池100的能量密度。
在另一些实施例中，电池单体20也可以呈扁平体、圆柱体或其它形状。
电极组件22是电池单体20中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体212内可以包含一个或更多个电极组件22。电极组件22主要由正极极片和负极极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极极片与负极极片之间设有隔离膜，隔离膜用于分隔正极极片和负极极片，以避免正极极片和负极极片内接短路。正极极片和负极极片具有活性物质的部分构成电极组件22的主体部，正极极片和负极极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳221。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端。在电池的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳221连接电极端子2111以形成电流回路。
请参照图4至图8，图4为本申请一些实施例提供的外壳部件的立体结构示意图；图5为本申请一些实施例提供的外壳部件的一个视角的结构示意图；图6为图5中外壳部件沿A-A的剖视结构示意图；图7为图6中外壳部件的B处的局部放大结构示意图；图8为本申请一些实施例提供的外壳部件的部分结构的立体示意图。
本申请实施例提供了一种外壳部件23，用于电池单体20，外壳部件23设置有沉槽231，沉槽231的底壁设置有刻痕槽232，在沉槽231的周向上，刻痕槽232沿封闭的轨迹延伸，刻痕槽232包括第一槽段2321和第二槽段2322，沉槽231的侧壁包括位于第一槽段2321外侧的第一侧壁2331和位于第二槽段2322外侧的第二侧壁2332，第一槽段2321与第一侧壁2331的最大距离大于第二槽段2322与第二侧壁2332的最大距离。
刻痕槽232围合成泄压区域，第一槽段2321外侧是指第一槽段2321背离泄压区域中心的一侧，第二槽段2322外侧是指第二槽段2322背离泄压区域中心的一侧。
其中，第一槽段2321与第一侧壁2331的距离为第一槽段2321与第一侧壁2331沿第一方向X的距离。第二槽段2322与第二侧壁2332的距离为第二槽段2322与第二侧壁2332沿第二方向Y的距离。
外壳部件23为构成电池单体20的外壳的部件。
沉槽231为外壳部件23的用于泄压的结构，外壳部件23的位于沉槽231处的厚度相对于外壳部件23的其他部位的厚度薄，以便于由该外壳部件23构成的电池单体20在热失控时，在沉槽231的刻痕槽232处破裂，以泄放电池单体20内部的压力。
沉槽231的底壁与沉槽231的开口相对设置，沉槽231的侧壁是指沉槽231的围绕底壁的壁。
通过在外壳部件23设置沉槽231，并在沉槽231的底壁设置刻痕槽232，使得刻痕槽232能够在电池单体20的内部压力达到阈值时打开，以进行泄压，能够减小电池单体20产生热失控甚至爆炸的可能性。通过使得在沉槽231的周向上，刻痕槽232沿封闭的轨迹延伸，刻痕槽232包括第一槽段2321和第二槽段2322，沉槽231的侧壁包括位于第一槽段2321外侧的第一侧壁2331和位于第二槽段2322外侧的第二侧壁2332，第一槽段2321与第一侧壁2331的最大距离大于第二槽段2322与第二侧壁2332的最大距离，由于外壳部件23受力时，沉槽231的底壁和侧壁的连接处更容易产生变形，应力更加集中，并且应力会由底壁和侧壁的连接处向底壁的中部延伸，因而沉槽的底壁上越远离侧壁的部分应力越小，使得电池单体20的内部压力作用于外壳部件23时，第一槽段2321受到的作用力小于第二槽段2322受到的作用力，进而使得刻痕槽232围合的区域受力变形的可能性更小，刻痕槽232提前开裂的可能性更小，从而能够延长电池单体20的使用寿命；并且第二槽段2322靠近第二侧壁2332，能够使得刻痕槽232围合形成的泄压区域的面积更大，刻痕槽232受力打开后能够形成较大的泄压通道，便于实现电池单体20的快速泄压，进一步减小电池单体20热失控甚至爆炸的可能性。
请一并参照图9，图9为本申请一些实施例提供的外壳部件的部分结构的一个视角的示意图。
根据本申请的一些实施例，从第一槽段2321的两端向中部，第一槽段2321与第一侧壁2331的距离逐渐增大。
通过使得从第一槽段2321的两端向中部，第一槽段2321与第一侧壁2331的距离逐渐增大，能够使得第一槽段2321的延伸平滑，不易形成应力集中点，从而能够减小第一槽段2321受力集中导致提前开裂的可能性，延长电池单体20的使用寿命。
在另一些实施例中，从第一槽段2321的两端向中部，也可以为第一槽段2321与第一侧壁2331的距离一部分逐渐增大，一部分保持不变，即第一槽段2321可以为部分向远离第一侧壁2331的方向延伸，一部分沿平行于第一侧壁2331的方向延伸。
在另一些实施例中，也可以从第一槽段2321的一端向中部，第一槽段2321与第一侧壁2331的距离逐渐增大，第一槽段2321的另一端与第一侧壁2331的距离保持不变。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第一侧壁2331为平面，第二侧壁2332为弧形面。
由于本申请一些实施例中提供的外壳部件23为长方形，外壳部件23沿第一方向X的宽度较窄，而沿第二方向Y的长度较长，使得设置于外壳部件23上的沉槽231沿第一方向X的尺寸受限，而沿第二方向Y的尺寸可以设置得较大。因此通过将第一侧壁2331设置为平面，能够使得第一侧壁2331的长度能够设置得较长，使得沉槽231的面积较大。通过将第二侧壁2332设置为弧形面，能够进一步在沉槽231沿第一方向X的宽度受限的情况下围合出更大的沉槽面积，从而使得刻痕槽232围合的区域的面积也较大，刻痕槽232受力打开后能够形成较大的泄压通道，便于实现电池单体20的快速泄压，进一步减小电池单体20热失控甚至爆炸的可能性。
在另一些实施例中，第一侧壁2331也可以为弧形面，第二侧壁2332也可以为平面。
根据本申请的一些实施例，沉槽231还包括第三侧壁2333和第四侧壁2334，第三侧壁2333与第一侧壁2331沿第一方向X相对设置，第四侧壁2334与第二侧壁2332沿第二方向相对设置；第一方向X与第二方向Y相交。
通过使得第三侧壁2333与第一侧壁2331沿第一方向X相对设置，第四侧壁2334与第二侧壁2332沿第二方向Y相对设置，能够使得沉槽231的侧壁分布更加均匀，沉槽231的底壁的受 力分布也更加均匀，刻痕槽232不易出现应力集中点，能够减小刻痕槽232受力集中导致提前开裂的可能性，延长电池单体20的使用寿命。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第一方向X与第二方向Y垂直。
通过使得第一方向X与第二方向Y垂直，能够使得沉槽231的第一侧壁2331与第三侧壁2333，第二侧壁2332与第四侧壁2334呈对称设置，进一步使得沉槽231的侧壁分布更加均匀，沉槽231的受力分布也更加均匀，刻痕槽232不易出现应力集中点，能够减小刻痕槽232受力集中导致提前开裂的可能性，延长电池单体20的使用寿命。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第一方向X、第二方向Y、第三方向Z两两垂直。第一方向X平行于外壳部件23的宽度方向，第二方向Y平行于外壳部件23的长度方向，第三方向Z平行于外壳部件23的厚度方向。
请一并参照图10，图10为图5中外壳部件的C处的局部放大结构示意图。
根据本申请的一些实施例，沿第一方向X，第一侧壁2331和第三侧壁2333之间的距离为W1，第一槽段2321与第一侧壁2331之间的最大距离为W2，满足10％*W1≤W2≤70％*W1，例如W2可以为10％*W1、40％*W1或70％*W1等。
通过使得沿第一方向X，第一侧壁2331和第三侧壁2333之间的距离W1，第一槽段2321与第一侧壁2331之间的最大距离W2满足10％*W1≤W2≤70％*W1，能够便于刻痕槽232的制备，并且使得第一槽段2321受到电池单体20内部的作用力较小，进而使得刻痕槽232围合的区域受力变形的可能性更小，抗变形能力的提升更加明显，刻痕槽232提前开裂的可能性更小，从而能够延长电池单体20的使用寿命。
根据本申请的一些实施例，刻痕槽232还包括第三槽段2323，第三槽段2323与第一槽段2321沿第一方向X间隔设置，第二槽段2322连接第一槽段2321和第三槽段2323，第三槽段2323与第三侧壁2333的最大距离大于第二槽段2322与第二侧壁2332的最大距离。
其中，第三槽段2323与第三侧壁2333的距离为第三槽段2323与第三侧壁2333的沿第一方向X的距离。
通过设置第三槽段2323，并使得第三槽段2323与第一槽段2321沿第一方向X间隔设置，第二槽段2322连接第一槽段2321和第三槽段2323，第三槽段2323与第三侧壁2333的最大距离大于第二槽段2322与第二侧壁2332的最大距离，能够使得电池单体20的内部压力作用于外壳部件23时，第三槽段2323受到的作用力小于第二槽段2322受到的作用力，并且由于第一槽段2321和第三槽段2323的共同作用，能够进一步使得刻痕槽232围合的区域受力变形的可能性更小，抗变形能力更强，刻痕槽232提前开裂的可能性更小，从而能够延长电池单体20的使用寿命。
根据本申请的一些实施例，从第三槽段2323的两端向中部，第三槽段2323与第三侧壁2333的距离逐渐增大。
通过使得从第三槽段2323的两端向中部，第三槽段2323与第三侧壁2333的距离逐渐增大，能够使得第三槽段2323的延伸平滑，不易形成应力集中点，从而能够减小第三槽段2323受力集中导致提前开裂的可能性，延长电池单体20的使用寿命。
在另一些实施例中，从第三槽段2323的两端向中部，也可以为第三槽段2323与第三侧壁2333的距离一部分逐渐增大，一部分保持不变，即第三槽段2323可以为部分向远离第三侧壁2333的方向延伸，一部分沿平行于第三侧壁2333的方向延伸。
在另一些实施例中，也可以从第三槽段2323的一端向中部，第三槽段2323与第三侧壁2333的距离逐渐增大，第三槽段2323的另一端与第三侧壁2333的距离保持不变。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第三侧壁2333为平面。
由于本申请一些实施例中提供的外壳部件23为长方形，外壳部件23沿第一方向X的宽度较窄，而沿第二方向Y的长度较长，使得设置于外壳部件23上的沉槽231沿第一方向X的尺寸受限，而沿第二方向Y的尺寸可以设置得较大。因此通过将第三侧壁2333设置为平面，能够使得第三侧壁2333的长度能够设置得较长，使得沉槽231的面积较大，从而使得刻痕槽232围合的区域的面积也较大，刻痕槽232受力打开后能够形成较大的泄压通道，便于实现电池单体20的快速泄压，进一步减小电池单体20热失控甚至爆炸的可能性。
在另一些实施例中，第三侧面2333也可以为弧形面。
根据本申请的一些实施例，沿第一方向X，第一侧壁2331和第三侧壁2333之间的距离为 W1，第三槽段2323与第三侧壁2333之间的最大距离为W3，满足10％*W1≤W3≤70％*W1，例如W3可以为10％*W1、40％*W1或70％*W1等。
通过使得沿第一方向X，第一侧壁2331和第三侧壁2333之间的距离W1，第三槽段2323与第三侧壁2333之间的最大距离W3满足10％*W1≤W3≤70％*W1，能够便于刻痕槽232的制备，并且使得第三槽段2323受到电池单体20内部的作用力较小，进而使得刻痕槽232围合的区域受力变形的可能性更小，抗变形能力的提升更加明显，刻痕槽232提前开裂的可能性更小，从而能够延长电池单体20的使用寿命。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第一槽段2321与第三槽段2323相对沉槽231的中心点对称设置。
沉槽231的中心点可以为沉槽231的底壁的几何中心点。
通过使得第一槽段2321与第三槽段2323相对沉槽231的中心点对称设置，能够使得刻痕槽232的受力更加均匀，刻痕槽232围合的区域受力变形的可能性更小，抗变形能力更强，刻痕槽232提前开裂的可能性更小，从而能够延长电池单体20的使用寿命。
根据本申请的一些实施例，刻痕槽232还包括第四槽段2324，第四槽段2324与第二槽段2322沿第二方向Y间隔设置。
通过设置第四槽段2324，使得第四槽段2324与第二槽段2322沿第二方向间隔设置，能够使得刻痕槽232的分布更加均匀，刻痕槽232产生应力集中点的可能性更小，刻痕槽232提前开裂的可能性更小，从而能够延长电池单体20的使用寿命。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第一槽段2321、第二槽段2322、第三槽段2323和第四槽段2324首尾连接形成封闭的环形。
通过使得第一槽段2321、第二槽段2322、第三槽段2323和第四槽段2324首尾连接形成封闭的环形，使得电池单体20产生热失控时，刻痕槽232能够打开，并且刻痕槽232围合的区域能够与外壳部件23的其他区域分离，形成面积较大的泄压通道，便于实现电池单体20的快速泄压，进一步减小电池单体20热失控甚至爆炸的可能性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第一槽段2321与第一侧壁2331的最大距离大于第四槽段2324与第四侧壁2334的最大距离。
其中，第四槽段2324与第四侧壁2334的距离为第四槽段2324与第四侧壁2334的沿第一方向X的距离。
通过使得第一槽段2321与第一侧壁2331的最大距离大于第四槽段2324与第四侧壁2334的最大距离，使得第一槽段2321受到的作用力小于第四槽段2324受到的作用力，进而使得刻痕槽232围合的区域受力变形的可能性更小。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第四侧壁2334为弧形面。
由于本申请一些实施例中提供的外壳部件23为长方形，外壳部件23沿第一方向X的宽度较窄，而沿第二方向Y的长度较长，使得设置于外壳部件23上的沉槽231沿第一方向X的尺寸受限。因此通过将第四侧壁2334设置为弧形面，能够进一步在沉槽231沿第一方向X的宽度受限的情况下围合出更大的沉槽面积，从而使得刻痕槽232围合的区域的面积也较大，刻痕槽232受力打开后能够形成较大的泄压通道，便于实现电池单体20的快速泄压，进一步减小电池单体20热失控甚至爆炸的可能性。
在另一些实施例中，第四侧壁2334也可以为平面。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第二槽段2322与第四槽段2324相对沉槽231的中心点对称设置。
通过使得第二槽段2322与第四槽段2324相对沉槽231的中心点对称设置，能够使得刻痕槽232的受力更加均匀，刻痕槽232围合的区域受力变形的可能性更小，抗变形能力更强，刻痕槽232提前开裂的可能性更小，从而能够延长电池单体20的使用寿命。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第一槽段2321、第二槽段2322以及第四槽段2324的深度大于第三槽段2323的深度。
刻痕槽232的深度为刻痕槽232在第三方向Z上的尺寸。
通过使得第一槽段2321、第二槽段2322以及第四槽段2324的深度大于第三槽段2323的深度，能够使得第一槽段2321、第二槽段2322以及第四槽段2324先于第二槽段2322受力打开以形成泄压通道，并且使得外壳部件23由刻痕槽232围合的区域与其他区域保持连接，减小刻痕槽 232围合的区域与其他区域分离后与其他部件干涉造成损伤的可能性。
在另一些实施例中，也可以为第一槽段2321、第二槽段2322、第三槽段2323、第四槽段2324中其他三段槽段的深度大于另一段槽段的深度，例如第一槽段2321、第二槽段2322以及第三槽段2323的深度大于第四槽段2324的深度。
在另一些实施例中，也可以为第一槽段2321、第二槽段2322、第三槽段2323、第四槽段2324中两段连接的槽段的深度大于另外两段槽段的深度，例如第一槽段2321、第二槽段2322的深度大于第三槽段2323、第四槽段2324的深度。
在另一些实施例中，也可以为第一槽段2321、第二槽段2322、第三槽段2323、第四槽段2324中一段的槽段的深度大于另外三段槽段的深度，例如第一槽段2321的深度大于第二槽段2322、第三槽段2323、第四槽段2324的深度。
在另一些实施例中，比其他槽段的深度更大的多个槽段的深度可以相同，也可以不同。例如，在第一槽段2321、第二槽段2322以及第四槽段2324的深度大于第三槽段2323的深度的情况下，第一槽段2321、第二槽段2322以及第四槽段2324的深度也可以不同。例如，第一槽段2321的深度大于第四槽段2324的深度，第二槽段2322的深度大于第一槽段2321的深度，使得第二槽段2322、第一槽段2321、第四槽段2324、第三槽段2323能够在电池单体20的内部压力达到阈值时依次打开，且电池单体20的内部压力越大，被打开的槽段数量越多，形成的泄压通道的面积就更大，泄压速度更快。
根据本申请的一些实施例，沿第一方向X，第一侧壁2331和第三侧壁2333之间的距离为W1，第一槽段2321与第一侧壁2331之间的最大距离为W2，第三槽段2323与第三侧壁2333之间的最大距离为W3，满足W2+W3＜W1。
通过使得沿第一方向X，第一侧壁2331和第三侧壁2333之间的距离W1，第一槽段2321与第一侧壁2331之间的最大距离W2，第三槽段2323与第三侧壁2333之间的最大距离W3满足W2+W3＜W1，使得第一槽段2321与第三槽段2323不连接，从而能够减小第一槽段2321与第三槽段2323连接而造成连接处应力集中而容易开裂的问题，刻痕槽232提前开裂的可能性更小，从而能够延长电池单体20的使用寿命。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第一槽段2321和第二槽段2322均为弧线段。
通过使得第一槽段2321和第二槽段2322均为弧线段，能够使得第一槽段2321和第二槽段2322的延伸平滑，不易形成应力集中点，从而能够减小第一槽段2321和第二槽段2322受力集中导致提前开裂的可能性，电池单体20的使用寿命；并且第二槽段2322能够围合较大的面积，使得刻痕槽232受力打开后能够形成较大的泄压通道，便于实现电池单体20的快速泄压，进一步减小电池单体20热失控甚至爆炸的可能性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第三槽段2323和第四槽段2324均为弧线段。
通过使得第三槽段2323和第四槽段2324均为弧线段，能够使得第三槽段2323和第四槽段2324的延伸平滑，不易形成应力集中点，从而能够减小第三槽段2323和第四槽段2324受力集中导致提前开裂的可能性，电池单体20的使用寿命；并且第四槽段2324能够围合较大的面积，使得刻痕槽232受力打开后能够形成较大的泄压通道，便于实现电池单体20的快速泄压，进一步减小电池单体20热失控甚至爆炸的可能性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第一槽段2321和第二槽段2322之间圆弧过渡。
通过使得第一槽段2321和第二槽段2322之间圆弧过渡，能够使得第一槽段2321和第二槽段2322之间的过渡部分平滑，不易形成应力集中点，从而能够减小第一槽段2321受力集中导致提前开裂的可能性，延长电池单体20的使用寿命。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第二槽段2322和第三槽段2323之间，第三槽段2323和第四槽段2324之间，第四槽段2324和第一槽段2321之间都为圆弧过渡，能够使得相邻槽段之间的过渡部分平滑，不易形成应力集中点，从而能够减小各槽段受力集中导致提前开裂的可能性，电池单体20的使用寿命。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第一槽段2321包括第一子槽段2321a和第二子槽段2321b，第一子槽段2321a的切线与第一侧壁2331的夹角为α1，第二子槽段2321b的切线与第一侧壁2331的夹角为α2，满足40°≤α1≤80°，40°≤α2≤80°，例如α1可以为40°、60°或80°等，α2可以为40°、55°或80°等。
通过使得第一子槽段2321a的切线与第一侧壁2331的夹角α1，第二子槽段2321b的切线 与第一侧壁2331的夹角α2满足40°≤α1≤80°，40°≤α2≤80°，一方面，使得第一槽段2321能够更加远离沉槽231的第一侧壁2331，以进一步减小第一槽段2321受到的电芯单体内部的压力；另一方面，能够减小第一子槽段2321a、第二子槽段2321b与其他槽段的连接处的拐角幅度，进而能够减小第一子槽段2321a、第二子槽段2321b与其他槽段的连接处产生应力集中点的可能性，使得刻痕槽232围合的区域受力变形的可能性更小，抗变形能力更强，刻痕槽232提前开裂的可能性更小，从而能够延长电池单体20的使用寿命。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第三槽段2323包括第三子槽段2323a和第四子槽段2323b，第三子槽段2323a的切线与第三侧壁2333的夹角为α3，第四子槽段2323b的切线与第三侧壁2333的夹角为α4，满足40°≤α3≤80°，40°≤α4≤80°，例如α3可以为40°、65°或80°等，α4可以为40°、50°或80°等。
通过使得第三子槽段2323a的切线与第三侧壁2333的夹角α3，第四子槽段2323b的切线与第三侧壁2333的夹角α4，满足40°≤α3≤80°，40°≤α4≤80°，一方面，使得第三槽段2323能够更加远离沉槽231的第三侧壁2333，以进一步减小第三槽段2323受到的电芯单体内部的压力；另一方面，能够减小第三子槽段2323a、第四子槽段2323b与其他槽段的连接处的拐角幅度，进而能够减小第三子槽段2323a、第四子槽段2323b与其他槽段的连接处产生应力集中点的可能性，使得刻痕槽232围合的区域受力变形的可能性更小，抗变形能力更强，刻痕槽232提前开裂的可能性更小，从而能够延长电池单体20的使用寿命。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第二槽段2322的长度为L1，刻痕槽232的长度为L，满足L1≥1/4*L，例如L1可以为1/4*L、1/3*L或2/5*L等。
通过使得第二槽段2322的长度L1，刻痕槽232的长度L满足L1≥1/4*L，能够使得刻痕槽232中比第一槽段2321受力更大的第二槽段2322的长度较长，电池单体20的内部压力达到阈值时，第二槽段2322容易打开以进行泄压，并且使得刻痕槽232围合形成的泄压区域的面积更大，刻痕槽232受力打开后能够形成较大的泄压通道，便于实现电池单体20的快速泄压，进一步减小电池单体20产生热失控甚至爆炸的可能性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第四槽段2324的长度为L2，刻痕槽232的长度为L，满足L2≥1/4*L，例如L2可以为1/4*L、1/3*L或2/5*L等。
通过使得第四槽段2324的长度L2，刻痕槽232的长度L满足L2≥1/4*L，能够使得刻痕槽232中比第一槽段2321、第三槽段2323受力更大的第四槽段2324的长度较长，电池单体20的内部压力达到阈值时，第四槽段2324容易打开以进行泄压，能够减小电池单体20产生热失控甚至爆炸的可能性。
参见图11，图11为本申请一些实施例提供的外壳部件的爆炸结构示意图。
根据本申请的一些实施例，外壳部件23包括本体23a和泄压件23b，本体23a上设置有通孔234，泄压件23b覆盖通孔234以形成沉槽231。本体23a和泄压件23b的制备和组装简单，便于沉槽231的形成。
在另一些实施例中，本体23a和泄压件23b也可以为一体成形。沉槽231可以由外壳部件23背向电极组件22的一侧向电极组件22凹陷形成。能够使得本体23a和泄压件23b的连接强度更大，泄压件23b不易在电池单体20未产生热失控时与本体23a分离，从而能够延长电池单体20的使用寿命。
在另一些实施例中，沉槽231可以由外壳部件23朝向电极组件22的一侧向远离电极组件22的方向凹陷形成。
请参照图3和图4，根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请实施例还提供一种电池单体20，包括上述任一实施例提供的外壳部件23。
根据本申请的一些实施例，电池单体20包括壳体212和端盖211，壳体212具有开口，端盖211封闭开口，外壳部件23为端盖211。
外壳部件23为端盖211，能够在电池单体20的内部压力达到阈值时实现泄压，以减小电池单体20产生热失控甚至爆炸的可能性。通过在端盖211上设置刻痕槽232的方式来形成泄压结构，泄压结构具有较好的稳定性，具有良好的长期可靠性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，沉槽231设置于端盖211背向电极组件22的一侧，即沉槽231的开口背向电极组件22。
在另一些实施例中，沉槽231也可以设置于端盖211朝向电极组件22的一侧，及沉槽231 的开口朝向电极组件22。
在另一些实施例中，外壳部件23也可以为壳体212，壳体212包括多个壁部，多个壁部共同限定出容纳空间，容纳空间用于容纳电池单体20的电极组件22，沉槽231设置于多个壁部中的至少一者。
在壳体212中，沉槽231可以设置于一个壁部，也可以设置于多个壁部。
在另一些实施例中，也可以为端盖211或者壳体212的一个壁部上设置多个沉槽231和刻痕槽232。
在上述方案中，外壳部件23既具有容纳电极组件22的容纳功能，又具有泄压功能。
参见图2，根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请实施例还提供一种电池100，包括上述任一实施例提供的电池单体20。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请实施例还提供一种用电设备，包括上述任一实施例提供的电池100。
用电设备可以是上述任一应用电池的装置。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图3至图11，本申请实施例提供一种外壳部件23，外壳部件23设置有沉槽231，沉槽231的底壁设置有刻痕槽232，在沉槽231的周向上，刻痕槽232沿封闭的轨迹延伸。刻痕槽232包括第一槽段2321、第二槽段2322、第三槽段2323以及第四槽段2324，第一槽段2321与第三槽段2323沿第一方向X间隔设置，且相对沉槽231的中心点对称；第二槽段2322与第四槽段2324沿第二方向Y间隔设置，且相对沉槽231的中心点对称。
沉槽231的侧壁包括位于第一槽段2321外侧的第一侧壁2331、位于第二槽段2322外侧的第二侧壁2332、位于第三槽段2323外侧的第三侧壁2333、位于第四槽段2324外侧的第四侧壁2334，第一侧壁2331、第三侧壁2333沿第一方向X相对设置，第二侧壁2332、第四侧壁2334沿第二方向Y相对设置。
第一槽段2321与第一侧壁2331的最大距离大于第二槽段2322与第二侧壁2332的最大距离、第四槽段2324与第四侧壁2334的最大距离，第三槽段2323与第三侧壁2333的最大距离大于第二槽段2322与第二侧壁2332的最大距离、第四槽段2324与第四侧壁2334的最大距离。
从第一槽段2321的两端向中部，第一槽段2321与第一侧壁2331的距离逐渐增大；从第三槽段2323的两端向中部，第三槽段2323与第三侧壁2333的距离逐渐增大。
第一侧壁2331、第三侧壁2333为平面，第二侧壁2332、第四侧壁2334为弧形面。第一槽段2321、第二槽段2322、第三槽段2323、第四槽段2324都为弧线段。第一槽段2321与第二槽段2322之间、第二槽段2322与第三槽段2323之间、第三槽段2323与第四槽段2324之间，第四槽段2324与第一槽段2321之间都为圆弧过渡。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互结合。
以上仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种外壳部件，用于电池单体，其中，所述外壳部件设置有沉槽，所述沉槽的底壁设置有刻痕槽，在所述沉槽的周向上，所述刻痕槽沿封闭的轨迹延伸，所述刻痕槽包括第一槽段和第二槽段，所述沉槽的侧壁包括位于所述第一槽段外侧的第一侧壁和位于所述第二槽段外侧的第二侧壁，所述第一槽段与所述第一侧壁的最大距离大于所述第二槽段与所述第二侧壁的最大距离。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的外壳部件，其中，从所述第一槽段的两端向中部，所述第一槽段与所述第一侧壁的距离逐渐增大。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的外壳部件，其中，所述第一侧壁为平面，所述第二侧壁为弧形面。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的外壳部件，其中，所述沉槽还包括第三侧壁和第四侧壁，所述第三侧壁与所述第一侧壁沿第一方向相对设置，所述第四侧壁与所述第二侧壁沿第二方向相对设置；所述第一方向与所述第二方向相交。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的外壳部件，其中，所述第一方向与所述第二方向垂直。
  6. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的外壳部件，其中，沿所述第一方向，所述第一侧壁和所述第三侧壁之间的距离为W1，所述第一槽段与所述第一侧壁之间的最大距离为W2，满足10％*W1≤W2≤70％*W1。
  7. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的外壳部件，其中，所述刻痕槽还包括第三槽段，所述第三槽段与所述第一槽段沿所述第一方向间隔设置，所述第二槽段连接所述第一槽段和所述第三槽段，所述第三槽段与所述第三侧壁的最大距离大于所述第二槽段与所述第二侧壁的最大距离。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的外壳部件，其中，所述第一槽段与所述第三槽段相对所述沉槽的中心点对称设置。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的外壳部件，其中，所述刻痕槽还包括第四槽段，所述第四槽段与所述第二槽段沿所述第二方向间隔设置，所述第一槽段、所述第二槽段、所述第三槽段和所述第四槽段首尾连接形成封闭的环形，所述第一槽段与所述第一侧壁的最大距离大于所述第四槽段与所述第四侧壁的最大距离。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的外壳部件，其中，所述第二槽段与所述第四槽段相对所述沉槽的中心点对称设置。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的外壳部件，其中，所述第一槽段、所述第二槽段以及所述第四槽段的深度大于所述第三槽段的深度。
  12. 根据权利要求7所述的外壳部件，其中，沿所述第一方向，所述第一侧壁和所述第三侧壁之间的距离为W1，所述第一槽段与所述第一侧壁之间的最大距离为W2，所述第三槽段与所述第三侧壁之间的最大距离为W3，满足W2+W3＜W1。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12任一项所述的外壳部件，其中，所述第一槽段和所述第二槽段均为弧线段。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的外壳部件，其中，所述第一槽段和所述第二槽段之间圆弧过渡。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的外壳部件，其中，所述第一槽段包括第一子槽段和第二子槽段，所述第一子槽段的切线与所述第一侧壁的夹角为α1，所述第二子槽段的切线与所述第一侧壁的夹角为α2，满足40°≤α1≤80°，40°≤α2≤80°。
  16. 根据权利要求1-15任一项所述的外壳部件，其中，所述第二槽段的长度为L1，所述刻痕槽的长度为L，满足L1≥1/4*L。
  17. 根据权利要求1-16任一项所述的外壳部件，其中，所述外壳部件包括本体和泄压件，所述本体上设置有通孔，所述泄压件覆盖所述通孔以形成所述沉槽。
  18. 一种电池单体，其中，包括如权利要求1至17任一项所述的外壳部件。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体包括壳体和端盖，所述壳体具有开口，所述端盖封闭所述开口，所述外壳部件为所述端盖或所述壳体。
  20. 一种电池，其中，包括如权利要求18或19所述的电池单体。
  21. 一种用电设备，其中，包括如权利要求20所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2024/095528 2023-11-28 2024-05-27 外壳部件、电池单体、电池以及用电设备 Pending WO2025112372A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311621363.2A CN120073219A (zh) 2023-11-28 2023-11-28 外壳部件、电池单体、电池以及用电设备
CN202311621363.2 2023-11-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2025112372A1 true WO2025112372A1 (zh) 2025-06-05

Family

ID=95804419

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2024/095528 Pending WO2025112372A1 (zh) 2023-11-28 2024-05-27 外壳部件、电池单体、电池以及用电设备

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN120073219A (zh)
WO (1) WO2025112372A1 (zh)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2015028870A (ja) * 2013-07-30 2015-02-12 株式会社豊田自動織機 蓄電装置、及び蓄電装置の製造方法
US20160293917A1 (en) * 2013-03-25 2016-10-06 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Electric storage device
CN212461953U (zh) * 2020-07-08 2021-02-02 惠州比亚迪电池有限公司 防爆片、防爆阀和电池
CN214589031U (zh) * 2021-04-14 2021-11-02 深圳市卓源精密五金有限公司东莞分公司 一种带有u型爆破片的椭形电池防爆片
CN216980797U (zh) * 2022-05-12 2022-07-15 比亚迪股份有限公司 防爆阀、电池、电池模组、电池包以及车辆
CN116799426A (zh) * 2023-06-27 2023-09-22 广东省豪鹏新能源科技有限公司 一种防爆片及电池

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160293917A1 (en) * 2013-03-25 2016-10-06 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Electric storage device
JP2015028870A (ja) * 2013-07-30 2015-02-12 株式会社豊田自動織機 蓄電装置、及び蓄電装置の製造方法
CN212461953U (zh) * 2020-07-08 2021-02-02 惠州比亚迪电池有限公司 防爆片、防爆阀和电池
CN214589031U (zh) * 2021-04-14 2021-11-02 深圳市卓源精密五金有限公司东莞分公司 一种带有u型爆破片的椭形电池防爆片
CN216980797U (zh) * 2022-05-12 2022-07-15 比亚迪股份有限公司 防爆阀、电池、电池模组、电池包以及车辆
CN116799426A (zh) * 2023-06-27 2023-09-22 广东省豪鹏新能源科技有限公司 一种防爆片及电池

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN120073219A (zh) 2025-05-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN216903232U (zh) 泄压装置、电池单体、电池及用电设备
CN217507612U (zh) 连接组件、电池单体、电池及用电设备
CN217158476U (zh) 外壳、电池单体、电池及用电设备
CN116154416B (zh) 极片、电极组件、电池单体、电池及用电设备
CN217158556U (zh) 电池单体、电池及用电设备
EP4618296A1 (en) Battery cell, battery and electric device
CN218414960U (zh) 电极组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置
US20250079626A1 (en) Battery cell, battery, and electrical device
US20240055646A1 (en) Wound electrode assembly, battery cell, battery, and electrical device
WO2024103224A1 (zh) 极片、电极组件、电池单体、电池及用电设备
US20250007079A1 (en) End cap, battery cell, battery, and electrical device
WO2024045058A1 (zh) 电池单体、电池及用电设备
CN115939683B (zh) 电池单体、电池及用电装置
EP4425691A1 (en) Battery cell, battery and electric device
CN217158424U (zh) 外壳、电池单体、电池及用电设备
US20240222782A1 (en) Pressure Relief Apparatus, Battery Cell, Battery, and Power Consumption Device
WO2023220886A1 (zh) 端盖、电池单体、电池及用电设备
WO2023184110A1 (zh) 外壳、电池单体、电池及用电设备
US20230395906A1 (en) End cap, battery cell, battery and power consuming device
CN116508196A (zh) 电池单体及其制造方法和制造系统、电池以及用电装置
CN217768629U (zh) 端盖、电池单体、电池及用电设备
CN217740656U (zh) 端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电设备
WO2024055308A1 (zh) 电池单体、电池及用电设备
CN218414630U (zh) 极片、电极组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置
WO2025112372A1 (zh) 外壳部件、电池单体、电池以及用电设备

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 24895482

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1