Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/50—1,3-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazoles

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an agent for improving the damage recovery of plants, a formulation for improving damage recovery, a method for improving the damage recovery of plants, a plant body, and an agent for improving the physical stress resistance of plants.
• Patent Document 1 describes that glycine betaine has the effect of alleviating stress on plants, such as insufficient irrigation.
• Patent Document 2 describes that when an aqueous solution of ergothioneine is applied to germinated plants, the plant height increases, the number of flowers and fruits increases, and the seed yield also increases.
• the present invention has been made in consideration of the above problems, and aims to provide an agent that enhances the ability of plants to recover from damage, a formulation containing the same, a method for improving the ability of plants to recover from damage using the agent, a plant treated with the agent, and an agent for improving the physical stress resistance of plants containing the agent.
• One embodiment of the present invention for solving the above problems relates to an agent for improving plant damage recovery and a formulation for improving damage recovery, a method for improving plant damage recovery, a plant body, and an agent for improving plant physical stress resistance, as set forth in the following [1] to [8].
• a composition comprising an active ingredient which is a compound represented by the following formula (I) or a tautomer thereof, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof: An agent that improves plant damage recovery.
• R1 and R2 independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R3 , R4 , and R5 independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• the compound represented by formula (I) is ergothioneine.
• R1 and R2 independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
• R3 , R4 , and R5 independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• R1 and R2 independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
• R3 , R4 , and R5 independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• the present invention provides an agent for enhancing the ability of plants to recover from damage and a formulation containing the same, a method for improving the ability of plants to recover from damage using the agent, a plant treated with the agent, and an agent for improving the physical stress resistance of plants containing the agent.
• One embodiment of the present invention relates to an agent for improving the damage recovery of plants, comprising an active ingredient that is a compound represented by the following formula (I) or a tautomer thereof, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, for plant seeds.
• the active ingredient is a compound represented by the following formula (I) or a tautomer thereof, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof.
• the damage recovery improver may contain only one type of the active ingredient or multiple types.
• R 1 and R 2 independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
• R 3 , R 4 and R 5 independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• the alkyl group which can be represented by R 1 to R 5 may be linear or branched.
• Examples of the alkyl group which can be represented by R 1 to R 5 include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, and a tert-butyl group.
• At least one of R1 and R2 is preferably a hydrogen atom, and more preferably both are hydrogen atoms.
• R1 and R2 are alkyl groups, they are preferably methyl, ethyl, or propyl, more preferably methyl or ethyl, and even more preferably methyl.
• R3 , R4 and R5 are preferably each independently a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group, more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, and even more preferably a methyl group.
• R3 , R4 and R5 it is preferable that at least one is a methyl group, more preferably at least two are methyl groups, and even more preferably all are methyl groups.
• the compound represented by formula (I) has a tautomer when at least one of R 1 and R 2 is a hydrogen atom. More specifically, the compound represented by formula (I) has a tautomer represented by the following formula (II) when R 2 is a hydrogen atom. In addition, the compound represented by formula (I) has a tautomer represented by the following formula (III) when R 1 is a hydrogen atom. In this specification, when the term "tautomer” is used simply, it means both the compound represented by formula (II) and the compound represented by formula (III).
• R 1 to R 5 are the same as R 1 to R 5 in formula (I).
• the compound represented by formula (I) and the compound represented by formula (II) or the compound represented by formula (III) can exist in equilibrium.
• the ratio of the compound represented by formula (I) to the compound represented by formula (II) or the compound represented by formula (III) can vary depending on the solvent, temperature, pH, etc.
• the compound represented by formula (I) or its tautomer is preferably ergothioneine, more preferably L-(+)-ergothioneine.
• Ergothioneine is also known to be produced by bacteria and fungi. Examples of production methods using such microorganisms include those described in JP-A-2012-105618, JP-A-2014-223051, WO-2016/104437, WO-2016/121285, WO-2015/168112, and WO-2017/150304. Ergothioneine may be used as a culture containing ergothioneine obtained from these microorganisms, or ergothioneine obtained by concentrating or purifying the above culture may be used.
• Agriculturally acceptable means safe, non-toxic, and not biologically or otherwise undesirable, and acceptable for use as a pesticide, particularly for use in improving plant injury recovery or resistance to physical stress.
• Agriculturally acceptable salt of a compound represented by formula (I) or a tautomer thereof means an agriculturally acceptable salt as defined above that provides the action and effect of a compound represented by formula (I) or a tautomer thereof.
• Examples of such salts include hydrates, solvates, acid addition salts, salts formed by replacing an acidic proton present in a compound represented by formula (I) or a tautomer thereof with a metal ion, and salts formed by coordinating the acidic proton with an organic base or an inorganic base.
• Acid addition salts may be formed with inorganic acids or organic acids.
• inorganic acids include hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and phosphoric acid.
• organic acids include acetic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, citric acid, ethanesulfonic acid, fumaric acid, glucoheptonic acid, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, glycolic acid, hydroxynaphthoic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, malic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, muconic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, propionic acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, dibenzoyl-L-tartaric acid, tartaric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, trimethylacetic acid, and trifluoroacetic acid.
• metal ions that can replace the acidic protons present in the compound of formula (I) or its tautomer include alkali metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions, and aluminum ions.
• Examples of organic bases that can coordinate with the acidic protons present in the compound represented by formula (I) or its tautomers include diethanolamine, ethanolamine, N-methylglucamine, triethanolamine, and tromethamine.
• Examples of inorganic bases that can coordinate with the acidic protons present in the compound represented by formula (I) or its tautomers include aluminum hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and sodium hydroxide.
• the damage recovery improver according to this embodiment significantly improves the recovery of plants from damage by using the above-mentioned active ingredient as an active ingredient.
• turfgrass has a growing point at about 1/3 of the height of the plant, and green leaves grow from the growing point. If this growing point is cut off when pruning turfgrass, the turfgrass cannot grow and may die. Similar growing points exist in various plants. And death due to cutting of the growing point can occur in any plant.
• the damage recovery improver also acts as a growing point revival promoter. A similar effect of promoting the revival of growing points is expected in various plants, including various ground cover plants having stolon and stolon. Examples of ground cover plants having stolon include turfgrass, dichondra, rockweed, dwarf turfweed, and crappia. Examples of ground cover plants with stolon include clover, wire plant, and ivy.
• lawn grass if lawn grass is cut below the growth point, it cannot recover and may die. As the lawn grass grows, the growth point also becomes higher, making it difficult to cut the lawn grass so that the growth point is preserved. For this reason, lawn grass must be cut frequently to prevent it from growing too much.
• damage recovery improver lawn grass can recover easily even if it is cut to a certain extent so that the growth point is removed, making it easier to maintain the function and appearance of the lawn. This also reduces the frequency of cutting and reduces the maintenance costs of the lawn. This effect is similarly expected for various lawn grass varieties such as Korean grass, Korean grass, wild grass, velvet grass, TM9, Bermuda grass, Tifton grass, weeping grass, bentgrass, Kentucky bluegrass, fescue, and ryegrass.
• Examples of damage whose recovery can be improved by a damage recovery enhancer include damage caused by pruning, damage caused by pests, damage caused by animals and plants, damage caused by infestation by animals and plants, damage caused by contact with machinery (including getting caught in wheels, etc.), damage caused by contact with equipment (including damage caused by contact with recreational equipment such as golf clubs, equipment such as horseshoes and horseshoes, and pruning equipment, etc.), and damage caused by exposure to electricity. Damage recovery enhancers improve the ability of plants treated with them to recover from such damage.
• the physical stress resistance enhancer according to this embodiment improves the plant's resistance to physical stress by using the above-mentioned active ingredient as the active ingredient.
• Examples of physical stress include trampling stress, hail stress, and strong wind stress.
• the physical stress resistance enhancer improves the resistance of plants treated with this to these stresses.
• the physical stress resistance improving agent according to this embodiment can improve resistance to physical stress, thereby suppressing the reduction in plant yield, quality, height, growth rate, number of flowers, above-ground weight, and below-ground weight that are caused by physical stress.
• the damage recovery improver and physical stress resistance improver may be used to treat any plant.
• the plants include the Gramineae family, such as rice, wheat, barley, rye, oats, triticale (triticale), corn, sorghum, sugarcane, turfgrass, bentgrass, bermudagrass, fescue, and ryegrass; the Fabaceae family, such as soybean, peanut, kidney bean, pea, adzuki bean, and alfalfa; the Convolvulaceae family, such as sweet potato; chili pepper, bell pepper, tomato, eggplant, potato, and tobacco.
• the Gramineae family such as rice, wheat, barley, rye, oats, triticale (triticale), corn, sorghum, sugarcane, turfgrass, bentgrass, bermudagrass, fescue, and ryegrass
• the Fabaceae family such as soybean, peanut, kidney bean, pea, adzuki bean, and alfalf
• Solanaceae such as buckwheat, Asteraceae such as sunflower, Araliaceae such as ginseng, Brassicaceae such as rapeseed, broccoli, Chinese cabbage, turnip, cabbage, arugula, radish and radish, Chenopodiaceae such as sugar beet, Malvaceae such as cotton, Rubiaceae such as coffee plant, Sterculiaceae such as cacao, Theaceae such as tea, Cucurbitaceae such as watermelon, melon, cucumber and pumpkin, onion, These include the Liliaceae family, such as onions and garlic; the Rosaceae family, such as strawberries, apples, almonds, apricots, plums, cherries, plums, peaches and pears; the Apiaceae family, such as carrots; the Araceae family, such as taro; the Anacardiaceae family, such as mangoes; the Bromeliaceae family, such as pineapples; the Papaya family, such
• the above-mentioned plants may be any of wild plants, plant cultivars, plants and plant cultivars obtained by conventional biological breeding such as crossbreeding or protoplast fusion, and genetically modified plants and plant cultivars obtained by genetic engineering.
• genetically modified plants and plant cultivars obtained by genetic engineering include herbicide-resistant crops, pest-resistant crops incorporating an insecticidal protein-producing gene, disease-resistant crops incorporating a disease-resistance inducer-producing gene, crops with improved taste, crops with improved yield, crops with improved storability, and crops with improved yield.
• Examples of genetically modified plant cultivars approved in various countries include the various cultivars stored in the database of the International Society for Agricultural Biotechnology (ISAA).
• AgriSure, AgriSure 3000GT, AgriSure 3122 E-Z Refuge, AgriSure 3122 Refuge Renew AgriSure Artesian 3030A , AgriSure Artesian 3011A, AgriSure Duracade, AgriSure Duracade 5222 E-Z Refuge, AgriSure GT, AgriSure GT/CB/LL , AgriSure RW, AgriSure Viptera 3110, AgriSure Viptera 3111, AgriSure Viptera 3220 E-Z Refuge, AgriSure Viptera 3220 Refuge Renew, BiteGard, Bollgard, Bollgard II, Bollgard II/Roundup Ready, Bollgard 3 XtendFlex Cotton, Bol lgard Cotton, Bollgard/Roundup Ready Cotton, B.t., B.t/BXN Cotton, B.t.
• the damage recovery improver and the physical stress resistance improver contain the active ingredient as an active ingredient, and can be distributed in the market as a formulation of various dosage forms together with other auxiliary agents or other active ingredients.
• the active ingredient itself may be formulated as a formulation, or it may be formulated as a formulation of various dosage forms together with other auxiliary agents or other active ingredients.
• the formulation is not particularly limited and may be selected according to the treatment method. Examples of the formulation include dust, granule, powder granule, wettable powder, water-soluble powder, emulsion, liquid, oil, aerosol, microcapsule, paste, coating agent, smoke agent, fumigant, and trace amount spray agent.
• adjuvant examples include carriers, surfactants and other adjuvants.
• the carrier may be a solid carrier or a liquid carrier.
• solid carriers include minerals such as clay, talc, diatomaceous earth, zeolite, montmorillonite, bentonite, kaolinite, kaolin, pyrophyllite, rosewood, acid clay, activated clay, attapulgite, attapulgus clay, limestone, calcite, marble, vermiculite, perlite, pumice, silica stone, silica sand, sericite, and pottery stone; synthetic organic substances such as urea; salts such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, sodium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride, hydrated lime, and sodium bicarbonate; amorphous silica (white carbon, fumed silica, etc.) and distillates.
• minerals such as clay, talc, diatomaceous earth, zeolite, montmorillonite, bentonite, kaolinite, kaolin, pyrophyllite, rosewood, acid clay, activated clay, attapul
• powdered and granular carriers such as synthetic inorganic substances such as titanium oxide, plant-based carriers such as wood flour, corn stalks (cobs), walnut shells (nut husks), fruit kernels, rice husks, coconut shells, sawdust, bran, soy flour, powdered cellulose, starch, dextrin, and sugars (lactose, sucrose, etc.), as well as various polymeric carriers such as cross-linked lignin, cationic gels, gelatin that gels when heated or treated with polyvalent metal salts, water-soluble polymer gels (agar, etc.), chlorinated polyethylene, chlorinated polypropylene, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, and urea/aldehyde resins.
• synthetic inorganic substances such as titanium oxide
• plant-based carriers such as wood flour, corn stalks (cobs), walnut shells (nut husks), fruit kernels,
• liquid carriers examples include aliphatic solvents such as paraffins (normal paraffin, isoparaffin, naphthene), aromatic solvents such as xylene, alkylbenzene, alkylnaphthalene and solvent naphtha, mixed solvents such as kerosene, machine oils such as refined high-boiling aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol and cyclohexanol, polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, hexylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, polyhydric alcohol derivatives such as propylene glycol ethers, acetone, acetophenone, cyclohexanone, methylcyclohexanone and These include ketones such as ⁇ -butyrolactone, fatty acid methyl esters (coconut oil fatty acid methyl esters),
• the surfactant may be any of a variety of surfactants, including nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, silicone surfactants, fluorine-based surfactants, and biosurfactants.
• nonionic surfactants examples include sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene resin acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty acid diesters, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene dialkylphenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether formalin condensates, polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene block polymers, alkyl polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene block polymer ethers, alkylphenyl polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene block polymer ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylamines, polyoxyethylene fatty acid amides, polyoxyethylene fatty acid bisphenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene benzyl phenyl (or phenyl phenyl) ethers, polyoxyethylene styryl phenyl (or phenyl
• anionic surfactants include sulfates such as alkyl sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether sulfate, polyoxyethylene benzyl (or styryl) phenyl (or phenylphenyl) ether sulfate, and polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene block polymer sulfate, paraffin (alkane) sulfonate, ⁇ -olefin sulfonate, dialkyl sulfosuccinate, alkylbenzene sulfonate, mono- or dialkylnaphthalene sulfonate, naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensate, alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonate, lignin sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate ...
• sulfates
• sulfonates such as diethylene alkyl phenyl ether sulfonate and polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfosuccinic acid half ester
• carboxylates such as fatty acids, resin acids, polycarboxylic acids, alkyl ether carboxylates, alkenyl succinic acids, N-acyl amino acids and naphthenic acids
• phosphates such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate, polyoxyethylene mono- or dialkyl phenyl ether phosphate, polyoxyethylene benzyl (or styryl) phenyl (or phenyl phenyl) ether phosphate, polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene block polymer phosphate and alkyl phosphate.
• cationic surfactants include salts of amines such as alkylamines and alkylpentamethylpropylenediamines, as well as salts of ammoniums such as alkyltrimethylammonium, methylpolyoxyethylenealkylammonium, alkylpyridinium, mono- or dialkylmethylated ammonium, alkyldimethylbenzalkonium, and benzethonium (octylphenoxyethoxyethyldimethylbenzylammonium).
• amines such as alkylamines and alkylpentamethylpropylenediamines
• ammoniums such as alkyltrimethylammonium, methylpolyoxyethylenealkylammonium, alkylpyridinium, mono- or dialkylmethylated ammonium, alkyldimethylbenzalkonium, and benzethonium (octylphenoxyethoxyethyldimethylbenzylammonium).
• amphoteric surfactants examples include dialkyldiaminoethyl betaine, alkyldimethylbenzyl betaine, and lecithin (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, etc.).
• silicone surfactants examples include trisiloxane ethoxylate.
• fluorosurfactants include perfluoroalkyl carboxylates, perfluoroalkyl sulfonates, and perfluoroalkyl trimethyl ammonium salts.
• biosurfactants examples include sophorolipids, rhamnolipids, trehalose lipids, mannosylalditol lipids, cellobiose lipids, glucose lipids, oligosaccharide fatty acid esters, spiculesporic acid, corynomycolic acid, agaritic acid, surfactin, serawettin, viscosin, lykensin, arthrofactin, emulsan, and alasan.
• auxiliary agents include inorganic salts (sodium, potassium, etc.) used as pH adjusters, water-soluble salts such as table salt, xanthan gum, guar gum, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxyvinyl polymers, acrylic polymers, polyvinyl alcohol, starch derivatives, water-soluble polymers (polysaccharides, etc.), alginic acid and its salts, etc. used as thickeners, metal stearates, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, etc.
• inorganic salts sodium, potassium, etc.
• water-soluble salts such as table salt, xanthan gum, guar gum, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxyvinyl polymers, acrylic polymers, polyvinyl alcohol, starch derivatives, water-soluble polymers (polysaccharides, etc.), alginic acid and its salts, etc. used as thickeners, metal
• disintegrating and dispersing agents benzoic acid and its salts, sorbic acid and its salts, propionic acid and its salts, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, 1,2-benzothiazolin-3-one, etc. used as preservatives, and supplements.
• sodium polyphosphate sodium polyacrylate, sodium lignin sulfonate, sodium citrate, gluconic acid/sodium glucoheptanoate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and its disodium salt or ammonium salt, pigments and dyes used as colorants, fluorine-based defoamers, silicone-based defoamers, ethylene oxide/propylene oxide copolymers used as defoamers, phenol-based antioxidants, amine-based antioxidants, sulfur-based antioxidants, phosphoric acid-based antioxidants used as antioxidants, salicylic acid-based ultraviolet absorbers, benzophenone-based ultraviolet absorbers used as ultraviolet absorbers, quicklime, magnesium oxide, etc. used as drying agents, as well as spreading agents and chemical damage reducers.
• active ingredients examples include active ingredients contained in biostimulants, plant growth regulators, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematocides and herbicides.
• other biostimulants in combination with the above-mentioned damage recovery improver or physical stress resistance improver, it is possible to further improve resistance to various abiotic stresses and to enhance the growth promotion effect.
• biostimulants examples include seaweed extract, corn extract, microalgae, mycorrhizal fungi, humic acid, fulvic acid, oxidized glutathione, L-proline, glycine betaine, 5-aminolevulinic acid, 2-hexenal, trehalose, silicic acid, nicotinic acid, acetic acid, and ethanol.
• Examples of the above plant growth regulators include aminoethoxyvinylglycine, chlormequat, chlorpropham, cyclanilide, dikeglac, daminozide, ethephon, flurprimidol, flumetralin, forchlorfenuron, gibberellin, mepiquat chloride, methylcyclopropene, benzylaminopurine, paclobutrazol, prohexadione, thidiazuron, tributyl phosphorotrithioate, trinexapac-ethyl, uniconazole, sodium 1-naphthalene acetate, These include 1-naphthylacetamide, 1-methylcyclopropene, 4-CPA (4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid), MCPB (ethyl 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxybutyrate), isoprothiolane, indolebutyric acid, ethychlozate, calcium formate, chlormequat,
• fungicides examples include nucleic acid synthesis metabolic inhibitors, fungicides that act on the cytoskeleton and motor proteins, respiratory inhibitors, amino acid and protein biosynthesis inhibitors, signal transduction inhibitors, lipid biosynthesis or transport/cell membrane structure or function inhibitors, cell membrane sterol biosynthesis inhibitors, cell wall biosynthesis inhibitors, melanin biosynthesis inhibitors, host plant resistance inducers, multi-site fungicides, and biological pesticides/biologically derived pesticides with multiple modes of action.
• nucleic acid synthesis metabolic inhibitors include benalaxyl, benalaxyl M or chiralaxyl, furalaxyl, metalaxyl, metalaxyl M or mefenoxam, ofurace, oxadixyl, bupirimate, dimethirimol, ethirimol, hydroxyisoxazole, octhilinone, and oxolinic acid.
• respiratory inhibitors examples include diflumetrim, fenazaquin, tolfenpyrad, benodanil, benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, fluveneteram, fluindapyr, fluopyram, flutolanil, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, impirfluxam, isofetamide, isoflucipram, isopyrazam, mepronil, oxycarboxin, penflufen, penthiopyrad, pydiflumetofen, pyrapropoin, pyraziflumid, sedaxane, thifluzamide, azoxystrobin, cumoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestrobin, enoxastrobin, famoxadone, and fenamide.
• phenaminestrobin flufenoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, mandestrobin, metominostrobin, methyltetraprole, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyroxystrobin, pyribencarb, triclopyricarb, trifloxystrobin, amisulbrom, cyazofamid, fenpicoxamide, florylpicoxamide, methallylpicoxamide, binapacryl, dinocap, fluazinam, meptyldinocap, triphenyltin acetate, triphenyltin chloride, triphenyltin hydroxide, silthiofam, and amethoctrazine.
• amino acid and protein biosynthesis inhibitors examples include cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil, blasticidin S, kasugamycin, streptomycin, and oxytetracycline.
• Examples of the signal transduction inhibitors include proquinazid, quinoxyfen, fludioxonil, clozolinate, dimethaclon, fenpiclonil, iprodione, procymidone, and vinclozolin.
• lipid biosynthesis or transport/cell membrane structure or function inhibitors examples include edifenphos (EDDP), iprobenfos (IBP), isoprothiolane, pyrazophos, biphenyl, chloroneb, dicloran (CNA), etridiazole, quintozene (PCNB), tecnazene (TCNB), tolclofos-methyl, iodocarb, propamocarb, prothiocarb, tea tree extract, vegetable oil mixture (eugenol, geraniol, thymol), natamycin (pimaricin), fluoxapiproline, and oxathiapiproline.
• EDDP edifenphos
• IBP isoprothiolane
• pyrazophos biphenyl, chloroneb, dicloran (CNA), etridiazole, quintozene (PCNB), tecnazene (TCNB), tolclo
• inhibitors of sterol biosynthesis in the cell membrane include azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluoxythioconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imazalil, imibenconazole, ipconazole, ipfentrifluconazole, mefentrifluconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, pefurazoate, penconazole, prochloraz, propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triflumizole, triticonazole, fen
• cell wall biosynthesis inhibitors examples include polyoxins, benthiavalicarb (benthiavalicarb isopropyl), dimethomorph, flumorph, iprovalicarb, mandipropamid, pyrimorph and valifenalate.
• melanin biosynthesis inhibitors examples include fthalide, pyroquilon, tricyclazole, carpropamid, diclocymet, fenoxanil, and tolprocarb.
• the above-mentioned host plant resistance inducers include acibenzolar-S-methyl, probenazole, tiadinil, isotianil, laminarin, Japanese knotweed extract, Bacillus mycoides isolate J, cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain LAS117, fosetyl (fosetyl-aluminum, fosetyl potassium, fosetyl sodium), phosphoric acid, phosphate salts, and diclobentiazox.
• multi-site fungicides include ferbam, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, propineb, thiuram, zinc thiazole, zineb, ziram, ambam, anilazine, dithianon, dichlofluanid, tolylfluanid, guazatine, iminoctadine acetate, iminoctadine albesilate, copper or various copper salts (e.g., basic copper chloride, cupric hydroxide, basic copper sulfate, copper sulfate, organocupric (copper oxine), copper nonylphenolsulfonate, DBEDC, etc.), sulfur, captan, captafol, folpet, TPN (chlorothalonil), quinoxalines (quinomethionate), fluorimide, and metasulfocarb.
• copper salts e.g., basic copper chloride, cupric hydroxide, basic copper sulfate
• biological pesticides/biological pesticides having multiple action mechanisms include Bacillus subtilis AFS032321 strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB24 strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBI600 strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D747 strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens F727 strain, Clonostachys rosea CR-7 strain, Gliocladium catenara Tam J1446 strain, Pseudomonas chlororaphis AFS009 strain, Streptomyces griseoviridis K61 strain, Streptomyces ridix WYEC108 strain, Trichoderma atroviride I-1237 strain, Trichoderma atroviride LU132 strain, Trichoderma atroviride SC1 strain, Trichoderma asperellum T34 strain, Swaingrea glutinosa extract, and extract from cotyled
• compounds for fungicide use include chlorinconazid, seboctylamin, flumethylsulfolim, flufenoxadiazam, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, diclomedine, dipimethitron, dodine, fenitropan, ferimzone, flusulfamide, flutianil, harpin, inorganic salts (bicarbonates (sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate), potassium carbonate), ipflufenoquin, kinoprol, natural product origin, machine oil, organic oil, picarbutrazox, pyridaclomethyl, quinofumelin, tebufloquine, tecloftalam (bactericide), triazoxide, validamycin, aminopyrifen and shiitake mushroom mycelium extract.
• insecticides include acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, GABAergic chloride channel blockers, sodium channel modulators, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators, glutamatergic chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators, juvenile hormone analogues, other non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors, chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators, mite growth inhibitors acting on CHS1, microbial insect midgut membrane disruptors, mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitors, oxidative phosphorylation uncouplers that disrupt the proton gradient, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR ...nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) allosteric modulators, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR)
• acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors include alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, NAC (carbaryl), carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, BPMC (fenobucarb), fenothiocarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, MIPC (isoprocarb), methiocarb, methomyl, MTMC (metolcarb), oxamyl, pirimicarb, PH C (propoxur), thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, XMC, MPMC (xylylcarb), acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos ethyl, azinphos methyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyphos, CVP (chlor
• GABA-gated chloride ion channel blockers examples include chlordane, benzoepine (endosulfan), dienochlor, ethiprole, fipronil, pyriprol, and nicoflurane.
• sodium channel modulators examples include acrinathrin, allethrin (allethrin, d-cis-trans-, d-trans-isomers), bifenthrin, bioallethrin (bioallethrin, S-cyclopentenyl-isomer), bioresmethrin, chloroprallethrin, chlorfenthone, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin (cyfluthrin, ⁇ -isomer), cyhalothrin (cyhalothrin, ⁇ -, ⁇ -isomers), cypermethrin (cypermethrin, ⁇ -, ⁇ -, ⁇ -, ⁇ -isomers), cyphenothrin [(1R)-trans isomer], deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, empenthrin [(EZ)-(1R)-isomer], esfenvalerate, a
• nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators include acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, nicotine sulfate (nicotine), sulfoxaflor, flupyradifurone, dichloromezothiaz, phenmezodithiaz, and triflumezopyrim.
• nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators examples include spinetoram, spinosad, flupirimine and GS-omega/kappa HXTX-Hv1a peptide.
• glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators examples include abamectin, emamectin benzoate, lepimectin, and milbemectin.
• juvenile hormone analogues examples include hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene, fenoxycarb and pyriproxyfen.
• non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors include methyl bromide, other alkyl halides, chloropicrin, sodium aluminum fluoride, sulfuryl fluoride, borax, boric acid, disodium octaborate, sodium metaborate, tartar emetic, dazomet, carbam (metam ammonium salt), metam sodium salt, and methyl isothiocyanate (methyl isothiocyanate).
• chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators examples include pymetrozine, pyrifluquinazone, and afidopiropen.
• mite growth inhibitors that act on the above-mentioned CHS1 include clofentezine, diflobidazine, hexythiazox, and etoxazole.
• insect midgut membrane disrupting agents examples include Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis, B. t. These include proteins found in crops (Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry3Bb, Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1) and Bacillus sphaericus.
• mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitors examples include diafenthiuron, azocyclotin, tricyclohexyltin hydroxide (cyhexatin), fenbutatin oxide, BPPS (propargite), and tetradifon.
• nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers examples include bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam, thiosultap sodium salt, and monosultap.
• Examples of chitin biosynthesis inhibitors that act on the above-mentioned CHS1 include bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, and triflumuron.
• Examples of the chitin biosynthesis inhibitors include buprofezin, etc.
• molting inhibitors examples include cyromazine, etc.
• Examples of the ecdysone receptor agonists include chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, and tebufenozide.
• octopamine receptor agonists examples include amitraz.
• mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III inhibitors examples include hydramethylnon, acequinocyl, fluacrypyrim, flupiroxystrobin, and bifenazate.
• mitochondrial electron transport complex I inhibitors examples include fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyridaben, pyrimidifen, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, and delis (rotenone).
• Examples of voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers include indoxacarb and metaflumizone.
• acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors examples include spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spiropydione, spidoxamat, spirobudifen, and spirotetramat.
• the above-mentioned mitochondrial electron transport chain complex IV inhibitors include aluminum phosphide, calcium phosphide, hydrogen phosphide, zinc phosphide, hydrocyanic acid (calcium cyanide, sodium cyanide), and potassium cyanide.
• mitochondrial electron transport complex II inhibitors examples include cyenopyrafen, sietopyrafen, cyflumetofen, piflubumid, and cyclobutrifluram.
• the above ryanodine receptor modulators include chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, flubendiamide, tetraniliprole, fluchlordiniliprole, thioantraniliprole, pioxaniliprole, tetrachlorantraniliprole, cyhalodiamide, and ciproflanilide.
• chordotonal organ modulators examples include flonicamide, etc.
• GABA-gated chloride ion channel allosteric modulators examples include broflanilide, fluxamethamide, and isocycloceram.
• baculovirus examples include the codling moth Cydia pomonella GV, the false codling moth Thaumatotibia leucotreta GV, the velvet bean caterpillar Anticarsis gemmatalis MNPV, and the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera NPV.
• insecticides include azadirachtin, benzomate (benzoximate), phenisobromorate (bromopropylate), quinoxalines (quinomethionate), kelthane (dicofol), lime sulfur, mancozeb, pyridalyl, sulfur, acinonapyr, amidoflumet, benzpyrimoxane, fluazaindolizine, fluensulfone, fluhexafon, flupentiofenox, flometoquin, metaldehyde, cyclopyrazoflor, zipropyridaz, trifluenfuronate, indazapiroxamet, sulfiflumine, bisulfulfen, isoflualanum, pi
• perfuranilide Burkholderia spp., Wolbachia pipientis (Zap), Atractylodes macrocarpa extract, fatty acid monoesters
• Examples of the above herbicides include acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor compounds, amino acid compounds, cyclohexanedione compounds, acetamide compounds, bipyridylium compounds, allyloxyphenoxypropionic acid compounds, carbamate compounds, pyridine compounds, urea compounds, dinitroaniline compounds, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor compounds, phenoxyacetic acid compounds, hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase enzyme (HPPD) inhibitor compounds, and triazine compounds.
• ALS acetolactate synthase
• amino acid compounds amino acid compounds
• cyclohexanedione compounds cyclohexanedione compounds
• acetamide compounds bipyridylium compounds
• allyloxyphenoxypropionic acid compounds carbamate compounds
• pyridine compounds urea compounds
• dinitroaniline compounds protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)
• examples of the acetolactate synthesis (ALS) inhibitor compounds include imazamethabenz and imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron and bensulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron and chlorimuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethametsulfuron and ethametsulfuron.
• imazamethabenz and imazamethabenz-methyl imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron and bensulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron and chlorimuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron
• amino acid compounds examples include bialaphos and its salts, glufosinate and its salts, glufosinate P and its salts, and glyphosate and its salts.
• cyclohexanedione compounds examples include alloxydim, butroxydim, clethodim, cloproxydim, cycloxydim, propoxydim, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim, tralkoxydim, and feproxydim.
• acetamide compounds include napropamide, dimethachlor, petoxamide, acetochlor, alachlor, allidochlor (CDAA), butenachlor, delacrol, diethylethyl, propisochlor, pirinachlor, butachlor, dimethenamid, dimethenamid P, metazachlor, metolachlor, S-metolachlor, pretilachlor, propachlor, thenylchlor, flufenacet, and mefenacet.
• allyloxyphenoxypropionic acid compounds include clodinafop, clodinafop propargyl, clofop, cyhalofop butyl, diclofop, diclofop methyl, diclofop P methyl, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop ethyl, fenoxaprop P ethyl, fluazifop, fluazifop butyl, fluazifop P butyl, haloxyfop, haloxyfop methyl, haloxyfop P methyl, isoxapyripop, metamifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop, quizalofop ethyl, quizalofop P ethyl and quizalofop P tefuryl.
• carbamate compounds examples include asuram, carbetamide, desmedipham, chlorprocarb, phenisopham, cycloate, dimepiperate, pebulate, thiocarbazil, vernalate, barban, chlorbufam, chlorpropham, propham, swep, phenmedipham, butyrate, EPTC, esprocarb, molinate, orbencarb, prosulfocarb, pyributicarb, thiobencarb (benthiocarb), and triallate.
• pyridine compounds include aminopyralid, clopyralid, diflufenican, dithiopyr, fluridone, fluroxypyr, haloxifene, florpyrauxifene, picloram and its salts, picolinafen, thiazopyr, and triclopyr and its salts.
• Examples of the above urea compounds include benzthiazolone, bromuron, buturon, chlorbromuron, chloroxuron, difenoxuron, dimefuron, etidimuron, fenuron, fluothiuron, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metoxuron, monolinuron, monuron (CMU), nebulon, parafluron, siduron, thiazafluron, chlorotoluron, dymuron, diuron (DCMU), fluometuron, isoproturon, linuron, methabenzthiazuron, tebuthiuron, cumyluron, carbutilate, and isouron.
• the above dinitroaniline compounds include benfluralin (beslosin), butralin, dinitramine, ethalfluralin, fluchloralin, isopropaline, nitralin, profluralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine, and trifluralin.
• protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor compounds include acifluorfen, aclonifen, azafenidin, bifenox, chlomethoxynil, ethoxyfene, ethoxyfene ethyl, fomesafen, fluazolate, fluoroglycofen, fluoroglycofen ethyl, halosafen, lactofen, oxyfluorfen, butafenacil, epirifenacil, chlornitrofen (CNP), fluorodifen, fluoronitrofen (CFNP), nitrofen (NIP), oxyflufen, chlorphthalim, flumipropine, carfentrazone, carfentrazone ethyl, cinidon ethyl, flumiclorac pentyl, flumioxazin, fluthiacet, fluthiacet methyl, oxadiar
• phenoxyacetic acid compounds include 2,4,5-T, 2,4-D and their salts, 2,4-DB and their salts, clomeprop, dichlorprop, fenoprop, MCPA and its salts, MCPB and its salts, mecoprop (MCPP) and its salts, and mecoprop P and its salts.
• HPPD inhibitor compounds include benzobicyclon, benzofenap, bicyclopyrone, isoxaflutole, mesotrione, pyrasulfotole, pyrazolinate (pyrazolate), pyrazoxyfene, sulcotrione, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, topramezone, fenquinotrione, and tolpyralate.
• the above triazine compounds include atraton, aziprothrin, chlorazine, cyprazine, desmetryn, dipropetryn, eglinadine ethyl, ipazine, metoprothrin, procyazine, progliadine, prometon, propazine, sebutylazine, secbumeton, terbumeton, trietazine, ametryn, atrazine, cyanazine, dimethamethryn, hexazinone, indaziflam, metamitron, metribuzin, prometryn, simazine (CAT), simetryn, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, and triaziflam.
• CAT simazine
• herbicides include amicarbazone, ethiozin, isomethiozin, aminocyclopyrachlor, aminotriazole, anilofos, piperophos, beflubutamid, benazolin, benfuresate, bentazon, bromacil, isocyl, bromobutide, bromofenoxime, bromoxynil, butamiphos, DMPA, TCTP (chlorthal dimethyl), cafenstrole, chloridazon (PAC), brompyrazone, chlorthal, clomazone, cumyluron, dicamba (MDBA) and its salts, chloramben, TCBA (2,3,8-TBA), benazolin ethyl, chlorfenac.
• amicarbazone ethiozin, isomethiozin, aminocyclopyrachlor, aminotriazole, anilofos, piperophos, beflubutamid, benazolin, benfuresate, bentazon, bromac
• chlorfenprop dichlobenil (DBN), chlorthiamid (DCBN), cinmethylin, methiozolin, amitrole, flampro M, fosamine, methyldymron, monalid, MSMA, difenzoquat, diflufenzopyr, endothal and its salts, ethofumesate, etobenzanide, fenoxasulfone, fentrazamide, flupoxam, fluorochloridone, flurtamone, indanofan, tridiphane, ioxynil, ipfencarbazone, isoxaben, triazifuran, lenacil, methylarsonic acid, naptalam, flurochloridone, norflu Lazone, oxaziclomefone, pinoxaden, chloranocryl-dicryl, pentanochlor (CMMP), propanil, propyzamide, pyridate, pyroxas
• the content of the active ingredient in the formulation can be determined arbitrarily depending on the dosage form, the amount to be applied to a plant, etc.
• the formulation preferably contains the active ingredient in an amount of 0.01% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 50% by weight or less, based on the total mass of the formulation.
• the above formulation may be used as a treatment agent as it is, or may be used as a treatment agent prepared by mixing it with the above-mentioned auxiliary agents or other active ingredients.
• the above-mentioned damage recovery improving agent and physical stress resistance improving agent can be prepared by a conventional method using the above-mentioned active ingredient.
• a preparation having a predetermined dosage form may be prepared using a solid carrier or a liquid carrier.
• the above-mentioned active ingredient may be an extract of a microorganism, a plant, or a seaweed containing the active ingredient.
• the above-mentioned active ingredient-containing extract of a microorganism, a plant, or a seaweed may be used as a damage recovery improving agent or a physical stress resistance improving agent.
• the active ingredients may be stored and transported in a mixed state, or may be stored and transported in an unmixed, separate and independent state with the active ingredients contained in a first container and another active ingredient contained in a second container. Also, a first container containing the active ingredient and a second container containing another active ingredient may be packaged (kitted) into a product.
• the fertilizer may be applied in any manner, including foliage spraying, mixing with water supply, soil spraying, injection into the subsoil using an injection machine, treatment of seeds, bulbs, tubers, etc. (propagules), and direct application to plants.
• the formulation When mixed into water supply, the formulation may be administered as a granule or treatment liquid to the water supplied to crops or to the surface water of a paddy field.
• concentration of the active ingredient in the water supplied to crops may be 0.1 mg/L or more, and preferably 1 mg/L or more.
• dosage of the active ingredient When administered to surface water, the dosage of the active ingredient may be 0.1 g or more per 10 ares of paddy field, and preferably 1 g or more.
• foliage or soil spraying When foliage or soil spraying is performed, for example, granules or the like may be administered to the planting hole or its surroundings when transplanting seedlings, or granules and wettable powders may be administered to the plant body containing the seeds or the soil surrounding the plant body. After soil spraying, the soil and the formulation may be stirred.
• the dosage of the active ingredient when foliage or soil surface spraying can be 0.1 mg or more per 1 m2 of agricultural and horticultural land, and preferably 1 mg or more.
• wettable powders and dusts may be mixed with the propagules and stirred, or the propagules may be immersed in diluted wettable powders.
• the propagules may also be coated with a formulation containing a solid carrier.
• the amount of the active ingredient used when treating the propagules may be 0.005 g or more per 100 kg of seeds, and preferably 0.05 g or more.
• the treatment agent may be applied before damage is expected to occur (for example, before the turfgrass is cut) or after damage has occurred (for example, after the turfgrass is cut).
• the treated plants can be grown under normal conditions for growing the plant. After the plants have grown in this way, the transplants can be transplanted into other soil or medium for further growth.
• Example 1 Comparison of recovery from damage caused by excessive pruning
• the treatment agents of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were prepared to have the concentrations shown in the following Table 1.
• Commercially available ergothioneine (EGT) and glycine betaine (GB) were used, and pure water was used as the solvent.
• Evaluation was performed using turfgrass (Kentucky bluegrass). Cut grass measuring approximately 250 mm in length and 550 mm in width was prepared and placed in a seedling box measuring 280 mm in length and 580 mm in width.
• Example 1 As shown in Table 1, when turfgrass (Comparative Example 1), which is subject to excessive pruning and in which 86% of the plant dies, was treated with a treatment agent containing ergothioneine (EGT), the mortality rate was 43% (the recovery rate from damage was 50%). This result shows that the treatment agent in Example 1 is effective in improving the plant's ability to recover from damage.
• Example 2 Comparison of resistance to stress due to trampling
• the treatment agents of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were adjusted to the concentrations shown in the following Table 1.
• Commercially available ergothioneine (EGT) and glycine betaine (GB) were used, and pure water was used as the solvent.
• Evaluation was performed using turfgrass (Kentucky bluegrass). Cut grass measuring approximately 250 mm in length and 550 mm in width was prepared and placed in a seedling box measuring 280 mm in length and 580 mm in width.
• the physical stress inhibition rate was evaluated based on the mortality rate of turfgrass. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
• Example 2 As shown in Table 2, when turfgrass (Comparative Example 3), in which 27% of the plants die due to excessive trampling, was treated with a treatment agent containing ergothioneine (EGT), the mortality rate was 11% (physical stress suppression rate was 59%). This result shows that the treatment agent of Example 2 has the effect of improving physical stress resistance.
• Example 3 Comparison of recovery from damage caused by excessive pruning
• the treatment agents of Example 3 and Comparative Examples 5 and 6 were prepared to have the concentrations shown in Table 3 below.
• Commercially available ergothioneine (EGT) and glycine betaine (GB) were used, and pure water was used as the solvent.
• the evaluation was performed using turf grass (Korean lawn grass). Cut grass measuring approximately 180 mm in length and 270 mm in width was prepared and placed in a seedling box.
• the plants were kept in a greenhouse with a room temperature of 25°C and watered by sprinkling. Instead of sprinkling, 200 mL of the treatment agent was added to the soil, and one day later the grass was pruned by cutting at least 1/7 of its height so that the growing point of the grass was excised. Five days after pruning, the grass was photographed with a digital camera and the photographs were analyzed with image analysis software WinROOF (Mitani Shoji Co., Ltd.) to quantify the green leaf area. The mortality rate of the grass was calculated from the percentage of the green area.
• WinROOF Mitsubishi Shoji Co., Ltd.
• Example 3 As shown in Table 3, when turfgrass (Comparative Example 5), which is subject to 50% death due to excessive pruning, was treated with a treatment agent containing ergothioneine (EGT), the death rate was 29% (the recovery rate from damage was 42%). This result shows that the treatment agent of Example 3 is effective in improving the recovery of plants from damage.
• Example 4 Comparison of recovery from damage caused by excessive pruning
• the treatment agents of Example 4 and Comparative Examples 7 and 8 were prepared to have the concentrations shown in Table 4 below.
• Commercially available ergothioneine (EGT) and glycine betaine (GB) were used, and pure water was used as the solvent.
• the evaluation was performed using bentgrass. Cut grass measuring approximately 180 mm in length and 270 mm in width was prepared and placed in a seedling box.
• the plants were kept in a greenhouse with a room temperature of 25°C and watered by sprinkling. Instead of sprinkling, 200 mL of the treatment agent was added to the soil, and one day later the grass was pruned by cutting at least 1/10 of its height so that the growing point of the grass was excised. Five days after pruning, the grass was photographed with a digital camera and the photographs were analyzed with image analysis software WinROOF (Mitani Shoji Co., Ltd.) to quantify the green leaf area. The mortality rate of the grass was calculated from the percentage of the green area.
• WinROOF Mitsubishi Shoji Co., Ltd.
• Example 4 As shown in Table 4, when turfgrass (Comparative Example 7), which is subject to excessive pruning and in which 82% of the plant dies, was treated with a treatment agent containing ergothioneine (EGT), the mortality rate was 53% (the recovery rate from damage was 35%). This result shows that the treatment agent of Example 4 is effective in improving the plant's ability to recover from damage.
• ETT ergothioneine
• Example 5 Comparison of resistance to stress due to trampling pressure
• the treatment agents of Example 5 and Comparative Examples 7 and 8 were adjusted to the concentrations shown in the following Table 5.
• Commercially available ergothioneine (EGT) and glycine betaine (GB) were used, and pure water was used as the solvent.
• the plants were kept in a greenhouse with a room temperature set at 25°C and watered by sprinkling. Instead of sprinkling, 50 mL of the treatment agent was added to the soil, and one day after that, the entire surface of the plant was stepped on a total of 100 times per day for 11 days.
• the trampling was carried out by a person weighing approximately 75 kg and wearing rubber-soled shoes. One day after trampling had stopped, the plant was photographed with a digital camera and the photographs were analyzed with image analysis software WinROOF (Mitani Shoji Co., Ltd.) to quantify the green leaf area. The mortality rate of the plant was calculated from the proportion of green area.
• the physical stress inhibition rate was evaluated based on the mortality rate of the plants. The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.
• Example 5 As shown in Table 5, when the treatment agent containing ergothioneine (EGT) was used for Iwadatasou (Comparative Example 7), which has a 39% mortality rate due to excessive trampling, the mortality rate in Example 5 was 19% (physical stress suppression rate of 50%). From these results, it can be seen that the treatment agent in Example 5 has the effect of improving physical stress resistance.
• ETT ergothioneine
• the present invention can improve the plant's ability to recover from damage and its resistance to physical stress, promoting the efficient use of plants.

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