WO2025102448A1 - 热管理装置、电池包及用电设备 - Google Patents

热管理装置、电池包及用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025102448A1
WO2025102448A1 PCT/CN2023/136414 CN2023136414W WO2025102448A1 WO 2025102448 A1 WO2025102448 A1 WO 2025102448A1 CN 2023136414 W CN2023136414 W CN 2023136414W WO 2025102448 A1 WO2025102448 A1 WO 2025102448A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure relief
port
relief port
crossbeam
management device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2023/136414
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘攀
王祥成
刘华俊
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Eve Energy Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Eve Energy Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eve Energy Co Ltd filed Critical Eve Energy Co Ltd
Publication of WO2025102448A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025102448A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H01M50/367—Internal gas exhaust passages forming part of the battery cover or case; Double cover vent systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/392—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases with means for neutralising or absorbing electrolyte; with means for preventing leakage of electrolyte through vent holes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a thermal management device, a battery pack and an electrical device.
  • the battery pack is the core power source of electric vehicles.
  • the battery pack experiences abnormal phenomena such as thermal runaway of the battery cells, the temperature and pressure inside the battery pack will rise sharply and a large amount of gas will be discharged.
  • the gas in the battery pack needs to be discharged quickly.
  • Battery packs in related technologies usually use openings on the crossbeam to discharge gases generated by thermal runaway of the battery cells to the outside of the explosion-proof valve of the box.
  • the size of the pressure relief port needs to be limited to a smaller size. This setting method is likely to cause poor pressure relief, resulting in the bottom protective plate of the battery pack being damaged by the high-pressure gas, and further causing thermal runaway of the entire battery pack.
  • the present application provides a thermal management device, a battery pack and an electrical device, aiming to solve the problem of poor pressure release of the battery pack in the related art.
  • the present application provides a thermal management device, a battery pack and an electrical device, which can achieve normal and smooth pressure relief of the battery pack.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a thermal management device, comprising: a box body and a tray arranged on the box body, the box body comprising a frame and a bottom guard plate, the inner wall of the frame is provided with a first pressure relief port, the outer wall of the frame is provided with a second pressure relief port, the interior of the frame is provided with a pressure relief channel, the first pressure relief port and the second pressure relief port are both connected to the pressure relief channel, a filter element is provided at the first pressure relief port, an explosion-proof valve is provided at the second pressure relief port, a pressure relief chamber is enclosed by the tray, the frame and the bottom guard plate, the tray is provided with a first exhaust port, the first pressure relief port and the first exhaust port are both connected to the pressure relief chamber.
  • the filter element includes a filter plate and a protrusion disposed on the filter plate, wherein the protrusion is disposed on a side of the filter plate away from the first pressure relief port.
  • the raised portion is an arcuate raised portion, one end of which is connected to the filter plate, and the other end of which forms a second exhaust port with the filter plate, and the second exhaust port is connected to the pressure relief chamber and the first pressure relief port.
  • the curvature of the curved surface protrusion is greater than or equal to 90°, and the curvature of the curved surface protrusion is less than 180°.
  • the opening area of the first pressure relief port is 1000 mm 2 -2250 mm 2 .
  • the area of the protrusions on the filter plate accounts for 50% to 80%.
  • the opening radius of the second exhaust port is 3 mm to 4 mm, and the opening height of the second exhaust port is 1 mm to 2 mm.
  • the protrusions include a plurality of protrusions, and the plurality of protrusions are arranged along the length direction and the width direction of the filter plate.
  • the frame includes a first crossbeam, a second crossbeam and two third crossbeams arranged opposite to each other, the two ends of the third crossbeams are respectively connected to the first crossbeam and the second crossbeam, the first pressure relief port is arranged on the inner wall of the third crossbeam, and the second pressure relief port is arranged on the outer wall of the first crossbeam.
  • a first pressure relief port is disposed on each of the two third cross beams, and the first pressure relief port is disposed at an end of the third cross beam away from the first cross beam.
  • the first crossbeam and the two third crossbeams are both hollow, the internal spaces of the two third crossbeams are connected to the internal space of the first crossbeam, and the internal spaces of the first crossbeam and the two third crossbeams together form the pressure relief channel.
  • the tray includes a tray bottom plate and side plates arranged around the tray bottom plate, the side plates are perpendicular to the tray bottom plate, the side plates and the tray bottom plate are combined to form a first accommodation space, the first accommodation space is configured to accommodate battery cells, and the first exhaust port is arranged on the tray bottom plate.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery pack, which includes the thermal management device described in the first aspect above.
  • it further includes a battery cell and a top cover, wherein the battery cell is arranged on the first exhaust port, and the top cover is arranged on the box body, and the top cover and the box body are combined to form a second accommodation space, and the second accommodation space is configured to accommodate the battery cell and the tray.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, which includes the battery pack described in the second aspect.
  • the thermal management device of the present application can filter the substances ejected by thermal runaway of the battery cell by setting a filter element at the first pressure relief port, thereby preventing the substances ejected by thermal runaway of the battery cell from clogging the first pressure relief port, thereby achieving normal and smooth pressure relief of the battery pack; in addition, since the first pressure relief port will not be blocked by the substances ejected by thermal runaway of the battery cell, the first pressure relief port can be set larger than the pressure relief port of the battery pack in the related art, thereby increasing the exhaust speed of the battery pack.
  • FIG1 is an exploded schematic diagram of a thermal management device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of a frame for setting a filter element according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a frame without a filter element provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a filter element provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a tray provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery pack provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements.
  • the first feature “above” or “below” the second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them.
  • the first feature “above”, “above” and “above” the second feature include the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • the first feature “below”, “below” and “below” the second feature include the first feature being directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.
  • the inventors have discovered through research that battery packs of related art usually use an opening on the crossbeam to discharge the gas generated by thermal runaway to the outside of the explosion-proof valve of the box body.
  • the size of the pressure relief port needs to be limited to a smaller size.
  • This setting method has at least the following problems: 1
  • the small size of the pressure relief port leads to a large flow resistance, which can easily cause poor pressure relief, causing the bottom protective plate of the battery pack to be damaged by the high-pressure gas, and then causing the entire battery pack to thermal runaway; 2
  • the material sprayed from the thermal runaway of the battery cell can easily block the pressure relief port, resulting in poor pressure relief; 3
  • Setting a smaller pressure relief port on the crossbeam makes the process difficult to implement and the process efficiency is low.
  • the present embodiment provides a thermal management device, which includes: a box body 100 and a tray 200 arranged on the box body 100, the box body 100 includes a frame 110 and a bottom guard plate 120, the inner wall of the frame 110 is provided with a first pressure relief port 130, the outer wall of the frame 110 is provided with a second pressure relief port 140, the interior of the frame 110 is provided with a pressure relief channel, the first pressure relief port 130 and the second pressure relief port 140 are both connected to the pressure relief channel, a filter element 300 is provided at the first pressure relief port 130, and an explosion-proof valve 400 is provided at the second pressure relief port 140, a pressure relief chamber is enclosed by the tray 200, the frame 110 and the bottom guard plate 120, the tray 200 is provided with a first exhaust port 210, and the first pressure relief port 130 and the first exhaust port 210 are both connected to the pressure relief chamber.
  • the gas can pass through the first exhaust port 210 to the pressure relief chamber, and then from the pressure relief chamber through the first pressure relief port 130 to the pressure relief channel, and finally from the pressure relief channel through the second pressure relief port 140 to be discharged outside the box body 100. Since the filter element 300 provided at the first pressure relief port 130 can filter the substances sprayed out of the thermal runaway of the battery cell, the blockage of the first pressure relief port 130 is avoided, so that the battery pack can release pressure normally and smoothly.
  • the first pressure relief port 130 since the first pressure relief port 130 will not be blocked, the first pressure relief port 130 can be set larger than the pressure relief port of the battery pack in the related art, thereby increasing the exhaust speed of the battery pack; in addition, since there is no need to set a smaller pressure relief port on the beam, the process is easy to implement and the process efficiency is high.
  • the opening area of the first pressure relief port 130 can be set to 1000 mm 2 to 2250 mm 2 , and its specific value is determined according to the thermal runaway exhaust data of the single cell in the battery pack.
  • the size of the first pressure relief port 130 is 150 mm ⁇ 15 mm, 100 mm ⁇ 10 mm, 150 mm ⁇ 10 mm, 100 mm ⁇ 15 mm, etc.
  • the filter element 300 is obtained by die stamping. Since the filter element 300 can be continuously processed by the die, the process is easy to implement and the process efficiency is high.
  • the sheet metal thickness used in the die stamping is 0.2-0.3 mm.
  • the filter element 300 made with this sheet metal thickness has high mechanical strength and high temperature resistance, which can not only filter the substances ejected when the battery cell is thermally runaway, but also prevent the flames from escaping from the box 100 and causing a greater safety accident.
  • a first mounting hole is provided on the inner wall of the frame 110 near the first pressure relief port 130, and a second mounting hole is provided on the filter element 300.
  • the filter element 300 is installed on the first pressure relief port 130 through the first mounting hole, the second mounting hole and the rivet. The installation is convenient and quick, and the first mounting hole, the second mounting hole and the rivet can firmly fix the filter element 300 on the first pressure relief port 130 to prevent the filter element 300 from loosening and causing the first pressure relief port 130 to be blocked.
  • the filter element 300 includes a filter plate 310 and a protrusion 320 arranged on the filter plate 310, and the protrusion 320 is arranged on the side of the filter plate 310 away from the first pressure relief port 130.
  • the protrusion 320 By setting the protrusion 320 on the side of the filter plate 310 away from the first pressure relief port 130, the core and other materials ejected by the battery cell due to thermal runaway can be blocked on the side of the filter plate 310 away from the first pressure relief port 130, thereby preventing the materials ejected by the battery cell due to thermal runaway from clogging the first pressure relief port 130, thereby achieving normal and smooth pressure relief of the battery pack.
  • the area ratio of the protrusion 320 on the filter plate 310 is 50% to 80%, that is, the protrusion 320 is provided in an area of 50% to 80% of the side of the filter plate 310 away from the first pressure relief port 130.
  • the protrusion 320 is provided in an area of 65% of the side of the filter plate 310 away from the first pressure relief port 130. Setting the area ratio of the protrusion 320 within this range can not only ensure the rigidity of the filter plate 310, but also ensure the normal and smooth pressure relief of the battery pack.
  • the raised portion 320 is an arc-surface raised portion, one end of the arc-surface raised portion is connected to the filter plate, and the other end of the arc-surface raised portion forms a second exhaust port 330 with the filter plate.
  • the second exhaust port 330 is connected to the pressure relief chamber and the first pressure relief port 130.
  • the second exhaust port 330 By forming the second exhaust port 330 between the arc-surface raised portion and the filter plate, not only can the material ejected from the thermal runaway of the battery cell be blocked on the side of the filter plate 310 away from the first pressure relief port 130, but also the gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cell can enter the pressure relief channel through the second exhaust port 330 and the first pressure relief port 130, thereby achieving normal and smooth pressure relief of the battery pack.
  • the opening radius of the second exhaust port 330 is 3 mm to 4 mm, and the opening height of the second exhaust port 330 is 1 mm to 2 mm, wherein the projection of the second exhaust port 330 on the filter plate 310 is a semicircle, the opening radius refers to the radius of the semicircle, and the opening height refers to the distance from the end of the opening away from the filter plate to the filter plate 310.
  • the opening radius of the second exhaust port 330 is 3.6 mm
  • the opening height of the second exhaust port 330 is 1.5 mm.
  • the opening radius and opening height of the second exhaust port 330 within this range, not only can the core and other materials ejected by thermal runaway of the battery cell be blocked on the side of the filter plate 310 away from the first pressure relief port 130, but also the normal and smooth pressure relief of the battery pack can be ensured.
  • the curvature of the curved raised portion in order to prevent the material ejected by thermal runaway of the battery cell from clogging the first pressure relief port 130, the curvature of the curved raised portion is greater than or equal to 90°.
  • the curvature of the curved raised portion in order to form the second exhaust port 330, the curvature of the curved raised portion needs to be less than 180°.
  • the curvature of the curved raised portion can be 90°, 100°, 110°, 120°, 130°, 140°, 150°, 160°, 170°, etc.
  • the arc angle of the arc-surface protrusion is 90°. This arrangement not only ensures that the protrusion 320 filters substances ejected from the battery cell due to thermal runaway, but also maximizes the opening size of the second exhaust port 330, thereby achieving normal and smooth pressure relief of the battery pack.
  • the protrusion 320 includes a plurality of protrusions 320, and the plurality of protrusions 320 are arranged along the length and width directions of the filter plate 310.
  • the plurality of protrusions 320 are arranged equidistantly along the length and width directions of the filter plate 310 to form an array.
  • a plurality of second mounting holes are provided on the filter plate 310 .
  • three second mounting holes are provided on the filter plate 310 , and the three second mounting holes are evenly distributed on the filter plate 310 .
  • the frame 110 includes a first crossbeam 111, a second crossbeam 112, and two third crossbeams 113 disposed opposite to each other, wherein the first crossbeam 111 and the second crossbeam 112 are disposed opposite to each other, and the two ends of the two third crossbeams 113 are respectively connected to the first crossbeam 111 and the second crossbeam 112.
  • the first crossbeam 111 and the second crossbeam 112 may be the front crossbeam and the rear crossbeam of the frame 110, respectively
  • the two third crossbeams 113 may be the side crossbeams of the frame 110.
  • the first pressure relief port 130 is disposed on the inner side wall of the third cross beam 113, and the second pressure relief port 140 is disposed on the outer side wall of the first cross beam 111.
  • the first cross beam 111 and the second cross beam 112 are the front cross beam and the rear cross beam of the frame 110, respectively, and the third cross beam 113 is the side cross beam of the frame 110
  • the first pressure relief port 130 is disposed on the inner side wall of the side cross beam
  • the second pressure relief port 140 is disposed on the outer side wall of the front cross beam.
  • the two third beams 113 are each provided with a first pressure relief port 130, and the number of the first pressure relief ports 130 on the two third beams 113 can be set as needed.
  • one first pressure relief port 130 is respectively provided on the two third beams 113
  • two first pressure relief ports 130 are respectively provided on the two third beams 113
  • three first pressure relief ports 130 are respectively provided on the two third beams 113, etc.
  • the second pressure relief port 140 can also be set to multiple, and the multiple second pressure relief ports 140 can be set on the outer wall of the first beam 111, or can be set on the outer wall of the first beam 111 and the outer wall of the second beam 112 respectively, so that the gas entering the pressure relief channel can be discharged outside the box 100 through the multiple second pressure relief ports 140, thereby increasing the exhaust speed of the battery pack.
  • the two second pressure relief ports 140 are respectively set on the outer wall of the first beam 111 and the outer wall of the second beam 112.
  • the first beam 111 and the two third beams 113 are hollow, the interior spaces of the two third beams 113 are connected to the interior space of the first beam 111, and the interior spaces of the first beam 111 and the two third beams 113 together form a pressure relief channel.
  • the first pressure relief port 130 is disposed at an end of the third beam 113 away from the first beam 111.
  • the first pressure relief port 130 is disposed at an end of the third beam 113 close to the second beam 112.
  • a first pressure relief port 130 is disposed on both third beams 113 , and the orthographic projection of the first pressure relief port 130 disposed on the inner side wall of one of the third beams 113 on the other third beam 113 partially or completely overlaps with the first pressure relief port 130 disposed on the inner side wall of the other third beam 113 .
  • the first pressure relief port 130 is disposed on both third beams 113 , and the orthographic projection of the first pressure relief port 130 disposed on the inner side wall of one of the third beams 113 on the other third beam 113 does not overlap with the first pressure relief port 130 disposed on the inner side wall of the other third beam 113 .
  • the tray 200 includes a tray bottom plate 220 and a side plate 230 arranged around the tray bottom plate 220, the side plate 230 is perpendicular to the tray bottom plate 220, the side plate 230 and the tray bottom plate 220 are enclosed to form a first accommodating space, the first accommodating space is configured to accommodate the battery cell 500, and the first exhaust port 210 is arranged on the tray bottom plate 220.
  • the shape of the first exhaust port 210 is the same as the shape of the battery cell 500 .
  • the shape of the battery cell 500 is cylindrical, and the shape of the first exhaust port 210 is circular.
  • a plurality of first exhaust ports 210 are provided on the tray bottom plate 220, and the battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells 500, and the plurality of battery cells 500 correspond to the plurality of first exhaust ports 210 one by one, and each battery cell 500 is provided on its corresponding first exhaust port 210, that is, the arrangement of the plurality of first exhaust ports 210 is the same as the arrangement of the plurality of battery cells 500.
  • the center point of each of the plurality of first exhaust ports 210 and the line connecting the center points of two adjacent first exhaust ports 210 of each first exhaust port 210 are arranged in an equilateral triangle.
  • the bottom guard plate 120 is connected to the frame 110 by bolts.
  • the bottom guard plate 120 in this embodiment can be made of steel plate.
  • the steel material has a high melting point and mechanical strength and is not easily broken under high temperature conditions.
  • the present embodiment also provides a battery pack, as shown in FIG6 , which includes the above-mentioned thermal management device.
  • the battery pack can filter the substances ejected from the battery cell 500 due to thermal runaway, thereby preventing the substances ejected from the battery cell 500 due to thermal runaway from clogging the first pressure relief port 130, thereby achieving normal and smooth pressure relief of the battery pack.
  • the first pressure relief port 130 since the first pressure relief port 130 will not be blocked by the substances ejected from the battery cell 500 due to thermal runaway, the first pressure relief port 130 can be set larger than the pressure relief port of the battery pack in the related art, thereby increasing the exhaust speed of the battery pack.
  • the battery pack further includes a plurality of battery cells 500, and the plurality of battery cells 500 correspond one-to-one to the plurality of first exhaust ports 210.
  • Each battery cell 500 is disposed on its corresponding first exhaust port 210.
  • the gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cell 500 can enter the pressure relief chamber through the corresponding first exhaust port 210, and then enter the pressure relief channel from the pressure relief chamber through the first pressure relief port 130, thereby achieving normal and smooth pressure relief of the battery pack.
  • the battery pack further includes a top cover 600, which is disposed on the case body 100.
  • the top cover 600 and the case body 100 are combined to form a second storage space, and the second storage space is configured to accommodate the battery cells 500 and the tray 200.
  • the present embodiment also provides an electrical device, which includes the above-mentioned battery pack.
  • the battery pack used in the electrical device can filter the substances sprayed out of the battery cell 500 due to thermal runaway by setting a filter element 300 at the first pressure relief port 130, thereby preventing the substances sprayed out of the battery cell 500 due to thermal runaway from clogging the first pressure relief port 130, achieving normal and smooth pressure relief of the battery pack, avoiding thermal runaway of the entire battery pack, and improving the safety of the electrical device.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供一种热管理装置、电池包及用电设备，包括：箱体及托盘，箱体包括边框和底护板，边框的内侧壁设有第一泄压口，边框的外侧壁设有第二泄压口，边框的内部设置有泄压通道，第一泄压口和第二泄压口均与泄压通道连通，第一泄压口处设置有过滤元件，托盘设有第一排气口，第一泄压口和第一排气口均与泄压腔连通。

Description

热管理装置、电池包及用电设备
本申请要求在2023年11月16日提交中国专利局、申请号为202323101859.5的中国专利申请的优先权，以上申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体涉及一种热管理装置、电池包及用电设备。
 背景技术
电池包是电动载具的核心动力来源，当电池包发生电芯热失控等异常现象时，电池包内部温度和压力急剧上升会排出大量气体，为避免电池包整包热失控，需要将电池包内的气体快速排出。
相关技术的电池包通常采用在横梁上开口的方式将电芯热失控产生的气体排到箱体防爆阀外，为了防止电芯热失控喷出的物质堵塞横梁泄压口，需要将泄压口尺寸限制较小，此种设置方式容易引起泄压不顺畅，导致电池包底护板被高压气体破坏，进而引起电池包整包热失控。
 发明概述
本申请提供一种热管理装置、电池包及用电设备，旨在解决相关技术中的电池包泄压不顺畅的问题。
本申请提供了一种热管理装置、电池包及用电设备，可以实现电池包的正常顺畅泄压。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种热管理装置，包括：箱体及设置于所述箱体上的托盘，所述箱体包括边框和底护板，所述边框的内侧壁设有第一泄压口，所述边框的外侧壁设有第二泄压口，所述边框的内部设置有泄压通道，所述第一泄压口和所述第二泄压口均与所述泄压通道连通，所述第一泄压口处设置有过滤元件，所述第二泄压口处设置有防爆阀，所述托盘、所述边框及所述底护板之间围合形成泄压腔，所述托盘设有第一排气口，所述第一泄压口和所述第一排气口均与所述泄压腔连通。
在一实施例中，过滤元件包括过滤板及设置于所述过滤板上的凸起部，所述凸起部设置于所述过滤板远离所述第一泄压口的一面。
在一实施例中，凸起部为弧面凸起部，弧面凸起部的一端与过滤板连接，弧面凸起部的另一端与过滤板形成第二排气口，所述第二排气口与所述泄压腔和所述第一泄压口连通。
在一实施例中，所述弧面凸起部的弧度大于或等于90°，所述弧面凸起部的弧度小于180°。
在一实施例中，所述第一泄压口的开口面积为1000mm 2～2250mm 2。
在一实施例中，所述过滤板上的所述凸起部的面积占比为50%～80%。
在一实施例中，所述第二排气口的开口半径为3mm～4mm，所述第二排气口的开口高度为1mm～2mm。
在一实施例中，凸起部包括多个，多个所述凸起部沿所述过滤板的长度方向和宽度方向排布。
在一实施例中，边框包括第一横梁、第二横梁及相对设置的两个第三横梁，两个所述第三横梁的两端分别与所述第一横梁和所述第二横梁连接，所述第一泄压口设置在所述第三横梁的内侧壁，所述第二泄压口设置在所述第一横梁的外侧壁。
在一实施例中，两个所述第三横梁上均设置有第一泄压口，所述第一泄压口设置于所述第三横梁远离所述第一横梁的一端。
在一实施例中，所述第一横梁和两个所述第三横梁均中空设置，两个所述第三横梁的内部空间均与所述第一横梁的内部空间连通，所述第一横梁和两个所述第三横梁的内部空间共同形成所述泄压通道。
在一实施例中，托盘包括托盘底板和围设于所述托盘底板周边的侧板，所述侧板与所述托盘底板垂直，所述侧板与所述托盘底板围合形成第一容纳空间，所述第一容纳空间被配置为容纳电芯，所述第一排气口设置于所述托盘底板上。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池包，该电池包包括上述第一方面所述的热管理装置。
在一实施例中，还包括电芯和顶盖，所述电芯设置于所述第一排气口上，所述顶盖设置于所述箱体上，所述顶盖与所述箱体围合形成第二容纳空间，所述第二容纳空间被配置为容纳所述电芯和所述托盘。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种用电设备，该用电设备包括上述第二方面所述的电池包。
有益效果
本申请的有益效果：
本申请的热管理装置通过在第一泄压口处设置过滤元件，可以对电芯热失控喷出的物质进行过滤，避免电芯热失控喷出的物质堵塞第一泄压口，实现电池包的正常顺畅泄压；另外，由于第一泄压口不会被电芯热失控喷出的物质堵塞，第一泄压口相比相关技术的电池包的泄压口可以设置更大，从而提高电池包的排气速度。
 附图说明
图1是本申请的实施例提供的热管理装置的爆炸示意图；
图2是本申请的实施例提供的设置过滤元件的边框的结构示意图；
图3是本申请的实施例提供的未设置过滤元件的边框的结构示意图；
图4是本申请的实施例提供的过滤元件的结构示意图；
图5是本申请的实施例提供的托盘的结构示意图；
图6是本申请的实施例提供的电池包的爆炸示意图。
附图标记说明如下：
100、箱体；200、托盘；300、过滤元件；400、防爆阀；500、电芯；600、顶盖；110、边框；120、底护板；130、第一泄压口；140、第二泄压口；210、第一排气口；220、托盘底板；230、侧板；310、过滤板；320、凸起部；330、第二排气口；111、第一横梁；112、第二横梁；113、第三横梁。
 本发明的实施方式
在本申请的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“相连”、“连接”、“固定”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。在本实施例的描述中，术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述和简化操作，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅仅用于在描述上加以区分，并没有特殊的含义。
发明人经研究发现，相关技术的电池包通常采用在横梁上开口的方式将热失控产生的气体排到箱体防爆阀外，为了防止电芯喷出物质堵塞横梁泄压口，需要将泄压口尺寸限制较小，此种设置方式至少存在以下问题：①泄压口尺寸较小导致流阻大，容易引起泄压不顺畅，导致电池包底护板被高压气体破坏，进而引起电池包整包热失控；②电芯热失控喷出的物质容易堵住泄压口，导致泄压不顺畅；③在横梁上设置尺寸较小的泄压口，工艺难实现且工艺效率低下。
为了解决上述问题，如图1至图5所示，本实施例提供一种热管理装置，该热管理装置包括：箱体100及设置于箱体100上的托盘200，箱体100包括边框110和底护板120，边框110的内侧壁设有第一泄压口130，边框110的外侧壁设有第二泄压口140，边框110的内部设置有泄压通道，第一泄压口130和第二泄压口140均与泄压通道连通，第一泄压口130处设置有过滤元件300，第二泄压口140处设置有防爆阀400，托盘200、边框110及底护板120之间围合形成泄压腔，托盘200设有第一排气口210，第一泄压口130和第一排气口210均与泄压腔连通。
具体地，当电池包发生电芯热失控等异常现象时，气体可以通过第一排气口210到泄压腔，再由泄压腔经过第一泄压口130到泄压通道，最后由泄压通道经过第二泄压口140排到箱体100外，由于第一泄压口130处设置的过滤元件300可以过滤电芯热失控喷出的物质，避免第一泄压口130发生堵塞，使得电池包能够正常顺畅泄压，另外，由于第一泄压口130不会发生堵塞，第一泄压口130相比相关技术的电池包的泄压口可以设置更大，从而提高电池包的排气速度；另外，由于无需在横梁上设置尺寸较小的泄压口，工艺容易实现且工艺效率高。
在一些实施例中，第一泄压口130的开口面积可以设置为1000mm 2～2250mm 2，其具体数值根据电池包内单电芯的热失控排气数据确定，例如，第一泄压口130的尺寸为150mm×15mm、100mm×10mm、150mm×10mm、100mm×15mm等，通过将第一泄压口130的开口面积设置在此范围内，不仅可以避免第一泄压口130设置过大，影响边框110的机械强度，而且可以避免第一泄压口130设置过小，造成泄压不顺畅。
在一些实施例中，过滤元件300采用模具冲压成型得到，由于过滤元件300可以采用模具连续加工，工艺容易实现且工艺效率高。模具冲压成型采用的钣金厚度在0.2~0.3mm，在此钣金厚度制得的过滤元件300具有高的机械强度并且耐高温，不仅能够过滤电芯热失控时喷出的物质，而且能够避免火苗窜出箱体100引发更大的安全事故。
在一些实施例中，边框110的内侧壁靠近第一泄压口130的位置设置有第一安装孔，过滤元件300上设置有第二安装孔，过滤元件300通过第一安装孔、第二安装孔及铆钉安装于第一泄压口130上，安装方便快捷，并且第一安装孔、第二安装孔及铆钉可以将过滤元件300牢固固定在第一泄压口130上，避免过滤元件300松脱导致第一泄压口130被堵塞。
在一些实施例中，参照图2和图4所示，过滤元件300包括过滤板310及设置于过滤板310上的凸起部320，凸起部320设置于过滤板310远离第一泄压口130的一面，通过在过滤板310远离第一泄压口130的一面设置凸起部320，可以将电芯热失控喷出的卷芯等物质阻挡在过滤板310远离第一泄压口130的一面，避免电芯热失控喷出的物质堵塞第一泄压口130，实现电池包的正常顺畅泄压。
在一些实施例中，过滤板310上的凸起部320的面积占比为50%～80%，也就是说，过滤板310远离第一泄压口130的一面的50%～80%的区域设有凸起部320，例如，过滤板310远离第一泄压口130的一面的65%的区域设有凸起部320，将凸起部320的面积占比设置在此范围内，不仅能够保证过滤板310的刚性，而且能够保证电池包的正常顺畅泄压。
在一些实施例中，继续参照图2和图4所示，凸起部320为弧面凸起部，弧面凸起部的一端与过滤板连接，弧面凸起部的另一端与过滤板形成第二排气口330，第二排气口330与泄压腔和第一泄压口130连通，通过在弧面凸起部与过滤板之间形成第二排气口330，不仅能够将电芯热失控喷出的物质阻挡在过滤板310远离第一泄压口130的一面，而且可以使电芯热失控产生的气体经第二排气口330和第一泄压口130进入泄压通道，实现电池包的正常顺畅泄压。
在一些实施例中，第二排气口330的开口半径为3mm～4mm，第二排气口330的开口高度为1mm～2mm，其中，第二排气口330在过滤板310上的投影为半圆形，开口半径是指该半圆形的半径，开口高度是指开口远离过滤板的一端到过滤板310之间的距离，例如，第二排气口330的开口半径为3.6mm，第二排气口330的开口高度为1.5mm，通过将第二排气口330的开口半径和开口高度设置在此范围内，不仅可以将电芯热失控喷出的卷芯等物质阻挡在过滤板310远离第一泄压口130的一面，而且可以保证电池包的正常顺畅泄压。
在一些实施例中，为了避免电芯热失控喷出的物质堵塞第一泄压口130，弧面凸起部的弧度大于或等于90°，但为了形成第二排气口330，弧面凸起部的弧度需要小于180°，例如，弧面凸起部的弧度可以为90°、100°、110°、120°、130°、140°、150°、160°、170°等。
继续参照图4所示，在一具体实施例中，弧面凸起部的弧度为90°，此种设置方式不仅可以保证凸起部320正面过滤电芯热失控喷出的物质，而且可以使第二排气口330的开口尺寸最大，实现电池包的正常顺畅泄压。
在一些实施例中，继续参照图4所示，凸起部320包括多个，多个凸起部320沿过滤板310的长度方向和宽度方向排布，例如，如图4所示，多个凸起部320沿过滤板310的长度方向和宽度方向等距离排列形成阵列，通过设置多个凸起部320不仅能够避免电芯热失控喷出的物质堵塞第一泄压口130，而且能够实现电池包的正常顺畅泄压。
在一些实施例中，第二安装孔设置为多个，多个第二安装孔设置于过滤板310上，例如，继续参照图4所示，过滤板310上设置有三个第二安装孔，三个第二安装孔在过滤板310上均匀分布。
在一些实施例中，参照图3所示，边框110包括第一横梁111、第二横梁112及相对设置的两个第三横梁113，第一横梁111与第二横梁112相对设置，两个第三横梁113的两端分别与第一横梁111和第二横梁112连接。例如，第一横梁111和第二横梁112可以分别为边框110的前横梁和后横梁，两个第三横梁113可以为边框110的侧横梁。
在一些实施例中，第一泄压口130设置在第三横梁113的内侧壁，第二泄压口140设置在第一横梁111的外侧壁。例如，当第一横梁111和第二横梁112分别为边框110的前横梁和后横梁，第三横梁113为边框110的侧横梁时，则第一泄压口130设置在侧横梁的内侧壁，第二泄压口140设置在前横梁的外侧壁。
在一些实施例中，两个第三横梁113上均设置有第一泄压口130，两个第三横梁113上的第一泄压口130的数量可以根据需要进行设置，例如，两个第三横梁113上分别设置一个第一泄压口130，两个第三横梁113上分别设置两个第一泄压口130，两个第三横梁113上分别设置三个第一泄压口130等，通过在两个第三横梁113上均设置第一泄压口130，可以在电池包发生电芯热失控等异常现象时，将电池包内的气体更快的排出到箱体100外。
当然，本实施例中第二泄压口140也可以设置为多个，多个第二泄压口140可以均设置在第一横梁111的外侧壁，也可以分别设置在第一横梁111的外侧壁和第二横梁112的外侧壁，则进入泄压通道的气体可以通过多个第二泄压口140排出箱体100外，从而提高电池包的排气速度。例如，第二泄压口140设置为两个，两个第二泄压口140分别设置在第一横梁111的外侧壁和第二横梁112的外侧壁。
在一些实施例中，第一横梁111和两个第三横梁113均中空设置，两个第三横梁113的内部空间均与第一横梁111的内部空间连通，第一横梁111和两个第三横梁113的内部空间共同形成泄压通道。
在一些实施例中，继续参照图3所示，第一泄压口130设置于第三横梁113远离第一横梁111的一端，换句话说，第一泄压口130设置于第三横梁113靠近第二横梁112的一端，通过将第一泄压口130设置于第三横梁113远离第一横梁111的一端，可以使泄压通道尽可能长，以将电池包内的气体更快的排出到箱体100外。
在一些实施例中，两个第三横梁113上均设置有第一泄压口130，设置于其中一个第三横梁113的内侧壁的第一泄压口130在另一个第三横梁113上的正投影与设置于另一个第三横梁113的内侧壁的第一泄压口130部分或全部重叠。
在另一些实施例中，两个第三横梁113上均设置有第一泄压口130，设置于其中一个第三横梁113的内侧壁的第一泄压口130在另一个第三横梁113上的正投影与设置于另一个第三横梁113的内侧壁的第一泄压口130不重叠。
在一些实施例中，参照图5和图6所示，托盘200包括托盘底板220和围设于托盘底板220周边的侧板230，侧板230与托盘底板220垂直，侧板230与托盘底板220围合形成第一容纳空间，第一容纳空间被配置为容纳电芯500，第一排气口210设置于托盘底板220上。
在一些实施例中，第一排气口210的形状与电芯500的形状相同，例如，电池包为圆柱电池包时，电芯500的形状为圆柱形，则第一排气口210的形状为圆形。
进一步地，托盘底板220上设置有多个第一排气口210，电池包包括多个电芯500，多个电芯500与多个第一排气口210一一对应，每个电芯500设置于其对应的第一排气口210上，也就是说，多个第一排气口210的排布方式与多个电芯500的排布方式相同。例如，如图5所示，多个第一排气口210中每个第一排气口210的中心点与每个第一排气口210相邻的两个第一排气口210的中心点的连线呈等边三角形设置。
在一些实施例中，底护板120与边框110通过螺栓连接，为了提高底护板120抵抗变形的能力，本实施例中的底护板120可以采用钢板制成，钢材料的熔点和机械强度较高，在高温状态下不易被冲破。
本实施例还提供一种电池包，参照图6所示，该电池包包括上述热管理装置，电池包通过在第一泄压口130处设置过滤元件300，可以对电芯500热失控喷出的物质进行过滤，避免电芯500热失控喷出的物质堵塞第一泄压口130，实现电池包的正常顺畅泄压；另外，由于第一泄压口130不会被电芯500热失控喷出的物质堵塞，第一泄压口130相比相关技术的电池包的泄压口可以设置更大，从而提高电池包的排气速度。
在一些实施例中，继续参照图6所示，电池包还包括多个电芯500，多个电芯500与多个第一排气口210一一对应，每个电芯500设置在其对应的第一排气口210上，当电芯500出现热失控时，电芯500热失控产生的气体可以通过对应的第一排气口210进入泄压腔，再由泄压腔经第一泄压口130进入泄压通道，从而实现电池包的正常顺畅泄压。
在一些实施例中，继续参照图6所示，电池包还包括顶盖600，顶盖600设置于箱体100上，顶盖600与箱体100围合形成第二容纳空间，第二容纳空间被配置为容纳电芯500和托盘200，通过将电芯500和托盘200设置在顶盖600和箱体100围合形成的第二容纳空间内，可以避免电芯500发生损坏，提高电池包的使用寿命。
本实施例还提供一种用电设备，该用电设备包括上述电池包，该用电设备所采用的电池包通过在第一泄压口130处设置过滤元件300，可以对电芯500热失控喷出的物质进行过滤，避免电芯500热失控喷出的物质堵塞第一泄压口130，实现电池包的正常顺畅泄压，避免引起电池包整包热失控，提高用电设备的安全性。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种热管理装置，包括：箱体（100）及设置于所述箱体（100）上的托盘（200），所述箱体（100）包括边框（110）和底护板（120），所述边框（110）的内侧壁设有第一泄压口（130），所述边框（110）的外侧壁设有第二泄压口（140），所述边框（110）的内部设置有泄压通道，所述第一泄压口（130）和所述第二泄压口（140）均与所述泄压通道连通，所述第一泄压口（130）处设置有过滤元件（300），所述第二泄压口（140）处设置有防爆阀（400），所述托盘（200）、所述边框（110）及所述底护板（120）之间围合形成泄压腔，所述托盘（200）设有第一排气口（210），所述第一泄压口（130）和所述第一排气口（210）均与所述泄压腔连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的热管理装置，其中，所述过滤元件（300）包括过滤板（310）及设置于所述过滤板（310）上的凸起部（320），所述凸起部（320）设置于所述过滤板（310）远离所述第一泄压口（130）的一面。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的热管理装置，其中，所述凸起部（320）为弧面凸起部，所述弧面凸起部的一端与所述过滤板（310）连接，所述弧面凸起部的另一端与所述过滤板（310）形成第二排气口（330），所述第二排气口（330）与所述泄压腔和所述第一泄压口（130）连通。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的热管理装置，其中，所述弧面凸起部的弧度大于或等于90°，所述弧面凸起部的弧度小于180°。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的热管理装置，其中，所述第一泄压口（130）的开口面积为1000mm 2 ～2250mm 2 。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的热管理装置，其中，所述过滤板（310）上的所述凸起部（320）的面积占比为50%～80%。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的热管理装置，其中，所述第二排气口（330）的开口半径为3mm～4mm，所述第二排气口（330）的开口高度为1mm～2mm。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的热管理装置，其中，所述凸起部（320）包括多个，多个所述凸起部（320）沿所述过滤板（310）的长度方向和宽度方向排布。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的热管理装置，其中，所述边框（110）包括第一横梁（111）、第二横梁（112）及相对设置的两个第三横梁（113），所述第一横梁（111）与所述第二横梁（112）相对设置，两个所述第三横梁（113）的两端分别与所述第一横梁（111）和所述第二横梁（112）连接，所述第一泄压口（130）设置在所述第三横梁（113）的内侧壁，所述第二泄压口（140）设置在所述第一横梁（111）的外侧壁。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的热管理装置，其中，两个所述第三横梁（113）上均设置有第一泄压口（130），所述第一泄压口（130）设置于所述第三横梁（113）远离所述第一横梁（111）的一端。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的热管理装置，其中，所述第一横梁（111）和两个所述第三横梁（113）均中空设置，两个所述第三横梁（113）的内部空间均与所述第一横梁（111）的内部空间连通，所述第一横梁（111）和两个所述第三横梁（113）的内部空间共同形成所述泄压通道。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11任一项所述的热管理装置，其中，所述托盘（200）包括托盘底板（220）和围设于所述托盘底板（220）周边的侧板（230），所述侧板（230）与所述托盘底板（220）垂直，所述侧板（230）与所述托盘底板（220）围合形成第一容纳空间，所述第一容纳空间被配置为容纳电芯（500），所述第一排气口（210）设置于所述托盘底板（220）上。
  13. 一种电池包，包括如权利要求1至12任一项所述的热管理装置。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池包，还包括电芯（500）和顶盖（600），所述电芯（500）设置于所述第一排气口（210）上，所述顶盖（600）设置于所述箱体（100）上，所述顶盖（600）与所述箱体（100）围合形成第二容纳空间，所述第二容纳空间被配置为容纳所述电芯（500）和所述托盘（200）。
  15. 一种用电设备，包括如权利要求13或14所述的电池包。
PCT/CN2023/136414 2023-11-16 2023-12-05 热管理装置、电池包及用电设备 Pending WO2025102448A1 (zh)

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CN218005114U (zh) * 2022-08-31 2022-12-09 中创新航科技股份有限公司 电池装置
CN218783159U (zh) * 2022-11-17 2023-03-31 湖北亿纬动力有限公司 一种电池包
WO2023093432A1 (zh) * 2021-11-23 2023-06-01 湖北亿纬动力有限公司 电池包
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WO2023093432A1 (zh) * 2021-11-23 2023-06-01 湖北亿纬动力有限公司 电池包
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