WO2025027809A1 - 端末、基地局及び通信方法 - Google Patents

端末、基地局及び通信方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025027809A1
WO2025027809A1 PCT/JP2023/028200 JP2023028200W WO2025027809A1 WO 2025027809 A1 WO2025027809 A1 WO 2025027809A1 JP 2023028200 W JP2023028200 W JP 2023028200W WO 2025027809 A1 WO2025027809 A1 WO 2025027809A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ris
terminal
base station
reference signal
information
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Pending
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PCT/JP2023/028200
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
真哉 岡村
大樹 武田
康介 島
大輔 栗田
崇伸 小野田
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NTT Docomo Inc
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NTT Docomo Inc
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Application filed by NTT Docomo Inc filed Critical NTT Docomo Inc
Priority to CN202380098843.7A priority Critical patent/CN121220147A/zh
Priority to JP2025538128A priority patent/JPWO2025027809A1/ja
Priority to PCT/JP2023/028200 priority patent/WO2025027809A1/ja
Publication of WO2025027809A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025027809A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • H04W16/26—Cell enhancers or enhancement, e.g. for tunnels, building shadow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a terminal, a base station, and a communication method.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 For NR (New Radio) (also known as “5G”), the successor system to LTE (Long Term Evolution), technologies are being considered that meet the requirements of a large-capacity system, high data transmission speed, low latency, simultaneous connection of many terminals, low cost, and low power consumption (for example, Non-Patent Document 1).
  • Next-generation communications are expected to use high-frequency bands. Due to the characteristics of these high-frequency bands, there is a demand for improved communication quality due to the reduced number of scatterers, the reduced shadowing effect, and increased attenuation over distance. It is expected that beam control and an environment that guarantees communication quality will be required.
  • Non-Patent Document 2 For example, in high frequency bands, there is a problem that blind spots are easily created due to the strong directional nature of radio waves. Therefore, methods are being attempted to improve communication quality in multipath environments by using wireless relay devices such as passive repeaters, active reflectors (RIS: Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces), and smart repeaters that receive, amplify, and re-emit signals (for example, Non-Patent Document 2).
  • wireless relay devices such as passive repeaters, active reflectors (RIS: Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces), and smart repeaters that receive, amplify, and re-emit signals.
  • positioning uses the time difference and angle of arrival of signals between a base station and a terminal. Therefore, when signals transmitted and received between a base station and a terminal pass through a RIS, there is a risk that positioning may not be performed properly. Furthermore, in scenarios that require centimeter-level high-precision positioning, there is a demand to reduce measurement errors in positioning.
  • the terminal in this embodiment includes a transmitter/receiver unit that transmits and receives a reference signal used for positioning via a wireless relay device and receives information indicating a reflection position at which the wireless relay device reflects the reference signal, and a control unit that, upon receiving the reference signal, performs the positioning based on the reflection position.
  • the reflection position is associated with a resource for the reference signal.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a wireless communication system in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of a base station in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of a terminal according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of a RIS in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of the operation of a RIS in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of communication in a high frequency band.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a reflective RIS in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmission-type RIS in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a wireless communication system in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of a base station in the present
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system that performs positioning, including a base station and a terminal.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system that performs positioning, including a base station, a terminal, and a RIS.
  • 1 is a diagram showing an assumed example of reference points and reflection points of a RIS in the first embodiment
  • 11 is a diagram showing an assumed example of an offset of a reflection point of a RIS in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 13A and 13B are diagrams illustrating an example of a method for determining a reflection point of a RIS in the second embodiment.
  • 13 is a diagram showing an example of a relationship between a RIS spot ID and a RIS spot reference point in the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between a RIS spot ID, a RIS reference point, and a RIS spot offset in the second embodiment.
  • FIG. A figure showing an example of a reflected beam range of a RIS in a downlink signal in the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for defining a range of a RIS in the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of defining a reflection angle at a reflection point of a RIS in the third embodiment;
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a vehicle in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • NR NR
  • SS Synchronization signal
  • PSS Primary SS
  • SSS Secondary SS
  • PBCH Physical broadcast channel
  • PRACH Physical random access channel
  • PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
  • PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel
  • PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel
  • PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel
  • the duplex method may be a TDD (Time Division Duplex) method, an FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) method, or another method (e.g., Flexible Duplex, etc.).
  • TDD Time Division Duplex
  • FDD Frequency Division Duplex
  • another method e.g., Flexible Duplex, etc.
  • "configuring" wireless parameters and the like may mean that predetermined values are pre-configured, or that wireless parameters notified from the base station 10 or the terminal 20 are configured.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a wireless communication system in this embodiment.
  • the wireless communication system in this embodiment includes a base station 10 and a terminal 20. There may be multiple base stations 10 and multiple terminals 20.
  • the base station 10 is a communication device that provides one or more cells and performs wireless communication with the terminal 20.
  • the physical resources of the wireless signal are defined in the time domain and the frequency domain, and the time domain may be defined by the number of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols, and the frequency domain may be defined by the number of subcarriers or the number of resource blocks.
  • the TTI Transmission Time Interval
  • the time domain may be a slot or a subslot
  • the TTI may be a subframe.
  • the base station 10 is capable of performing carrier aggregation, which bundles multiple cells (multiple CCs (component carriers)) together to communicate with the terminal 20.
  • carrier aggregation one primary cell (PCell, Primary Cell) and one or more secondary cells (SCell, Secondary Cell) are used.
  • the base station 10 transmits a synchronization signal, system information, etc. to the terminal 20.
  • the synchronization signal is, for example, NR-PSS and NR-SSS.
  • the system information is, for example, transmitted on NR-PBCH or PDSCH, and is also called broadcast information.
  • the base station 10 transmits control signals or data to the terminal 20 on DL (Downlink), and receives control signals or data from the terminal 20 on UL (Uplink).
  • control signals such as PUCCH and PDCCH
  • shared channels such as PUSCH and PDSCH
  • data are merely examples.
  • the terminal 20 is a communication device equipped with wireless communication functions, such as a smartphone, a mobile phone, a tablet, a wearable terminal, or a communication module for M2M (Machine-to-Machine). As shown in FIG. 1, the terminal 20 receives control signals or data from the base station 10 in DL and transmits control signals or data to the base station 10 in UL, thereby utilizing various communication services provided by the wireless communication system.
  • the terminal 20 may be referred to as a UE, and the base station 10 may be referred to as a gNB or a TRP (Transmission and Reception Point).
  • the terminal 20 is capable of performing carrier aggregation, which bundles multiple cells (multiple CCs) together to communicate with the base station 10.
  • carrier aggregation one primary cell and one or more secondary cells are used.
  • a PUCCH-SCell having a PUCCH may also be used.
  • the base station 10 is, for example, a wireless base station operated in 5G or 6G and forms a cell.
  • the cell is a relatively large cell and is called a macro cell.
  • Base station 10A to base station 10D are base stations operated in 5G or 6G.
  • Base station 10A to base station 10D form cells CA to D, respectively, which are smaller in size than a macro cell.
  • Cells A to D may be called small cells, macro cells, etc. As shown in FIG. 1, cells A to D may be formed to be included in a macro cell.
  • a macrocell may generally be interpreted as a communication area with a radius of several hundred meters to several tens of kilometers that is covered by a single base station.
  • a small cell may also be interpreted as a general term for a cell that has low transmission power and covers a smaller area than a macrocell.
  • the base station 10 and base stations 0A to 10D may be written as gNodeB (gNB) or BS (Base Station), etc.
  • the terminal 20 may be written as UE or MS, etc.
  • the specific configuration of the wireless communication system, including the number and types of base stations and terminals, is not limited to the example shown in FIG. 1.
  • the wireless communication system is not necessarily limited to a wireless communication system conforming to 5G or 6G.
  • the wireless communication system may be a next-generation wireless communication system conforming to 6G or a wireless communication system conforming to LTE.
  • the base station 10 and base stations 10A-10D perform wireless communication with the terminal 20 according to 5G or 6G.
  • the base station 10 and base stations 10A-10D and the terminal 20 may support Massive MIMO, which generates a more directional beam by controlling wireless signals transmitted from multiple antenna elements, Carrier Aggregation (CA), which uses a bundle of multiple component carriers (CCs), Dual Connectivity (DC), which simultaneously communicates between the terminal 20 and each of two NG-RAN nodes, and IAB (Integrated Access and Backhaul), which integrates wireless backhaul between wireless communication nodes such as gNBs and wireless access to the terminal 20.
  • Massive MIMO which generates a more directional beam by controlling wireless signals transmitted from multiple antenna elements
  • CA Carrier Aggregation
  • DC Dual Connectivity
  • IAB Integrated Access and Backhaul
  • the wireless communication system may also be compatible with higher frequency bands than the following frequency ranges (Frequency Range, FR) defined in 3GPP Release 15.
  • FR1 may be compatible with 410 MHz-7.125 GHz
  • FR2 may be compatible with 24.25 GHz-52.6 GHz.
  • the wireless communication system may be compatible with frequency bands exceeding 52.6 GHz up to 114.25 GHz. Such frequency bands may be referred to as millimeter wave bands.
  • the base station 10 that supports massive MIMO can transmit beams.
  • Massive MIMO generally means MIMO communication using an antenna with 100 or more antenna elements, and the multiplexing effect of multiple streams enables faster wireless communication than before.
  • Advanced beamforming is also possible.
  • the beam width can be dynamically changed depending on the frequency band used or the state of the terminal 20.
  • the use of narrow beams can increase the received signal power due to the beamforming gain.
  • effects such as reduced interference and effective use of wireless resources are expected.
  • the wireless communication system may include a RIS (Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface) 30.
  • the RIS 30 is an example of a wireless repeater.
  • the wireless repeater may be a reflector, a metamaterial functional device, a battery-less device, a phase-controlled reflector, a passive repeater, an IRS (Intelligent Reflecting Surface), a smart repeater, or a network-controlled repeater.
  • a reflector may include a metamaterial reflector, a dynamic metasurface, a metasurface lens, etc. (e.g., Non-Patent Document 2).
  • the RIS 30 relays, for example, a wireless signal transmitted from the base station 10A.
  • “relay” may refer to at least one of “reflection,” “transmission,” “concentration (concentrating radio waves at approximately one point),” and “diffraction.”
  • the terminal 20 can receive the wireless signal relayed by the RIS 30.
  • the RIS 30 may relay a wireless signal transmitted from the terminal 20, or may relay a wireless signal transmitted from the base station 10.
  • the RIS 30 can change the phase of the radio signal that is relayed to the terminal 20.
  • the RIS 30 may be called a variable-phase reflector.
  • the RIS 30 may have the function of changing the phase of the radio signal and relaying it, but is not limited to this.
  • the RIS 30 may also be called a RIS, a repeater, a relay device, a reflect array, a transmit array, or the like.
  • RIS30 may be defined as having the functions shown in 1)-5) below.
  • the signals may have a receiving function for signals transmitted from the base station 10.
  • the signals may be DL signals such as SSB (SS/PBCH block), PDCCH, PDSCH, DM-RS (Demodulation Reference Signal), PT-RS (Phase Tracking Reference Signal), CSI-RS (Channel Status Information Reference Signal), RIS-only signals, etc. It may have a receiving function for signals carrying information in the metamaterial function. It may also have a transmitting function for transmitting the signals to the terminal 20.
  • the signals may have a function of transmitting signals to the base station 10.
  • the signals may be UL signals such as PRACH, PUCCH, PUSCH, DM-RS, PT-RS, SRS, and RIS-only signals. It may have a function of transmitting information in the metamaterial function. It may also have a receiving function of receiving the signals from the terminal 20.
  • It may have a frame synchronization function with the base station 10. It may also have a frame synchronization function with the terminal 20.
  • the terminal 20 may have a function of reflecting a signal transmitted from the base station 10 or the terminal 20.
  • the reflection function may be a function in phase change, a function in beam control (for example, a function in control of TCI (Transmission Configuration Indication)-state, QCL (Quasi Co Location), selection and application of a beam, and selection and application of a spatial filter/precoding weight).
  • the power changing function may be power amplification.
  • a RIS 30 such as a RIS or smart repeater may mean that up to function A below is performed, but transmission is made without performing function B below.
  • Function A Apply a phase shifter.
  • Function B No compensation circuit (e.g., amplification, filtering) is used.
  • Function A Apply phase shifters and compensation circuits.
  • Function B No frequency conversion is performed.
  • the amplitude may be amplified.
  • "relaying" in RIS 30 may mean transmitting a received signal as is without performing processing at the layer 2 or layer 3 level, transmitting a received signal as is at the physical layer level, or transmitting a received signal as is without interpreting the signal (in which case, the phase may be changed, the amplitude may be amplified, etc.).
  • the base station 10, the terminal 20, and the RIS 30 include functions to execute the embodiments described below. However, the base station 10, the terminal 20, and the RIS 30 may each include only one of the functions of the embodiments.
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of a base station in this embodiment.
  • the base station 10 has a transmitting unit 110, a receiving unit 120, a setting unit 130, and a control unit 140.
  • the functional configuration shown in Fig. 2 is merely an example. As long as the operations in this embodiment can be executed, the names of the functional divisions and functional units may be any.
  • the transmitting unit 110 and the receiving unit 120 may be called a communication unit.
  • the transmitting unit 110 has a function of generating a signal to be transmitted to the terminal 20 and transmitting the signal wirelessly.
  • the receiving unit 120 has a function of receiving various signals transmitted from the terminal 20 and acquiring, for example, information of a higher layer from the received signals.
  • the transmitting unit 110 also has a function of transmitting NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL/UL control signals, DL data, etc. to the terminal 20.
  • the transmitting unit 110 also transmits setting information, etc., which will be described in the embodiments.
  • the setting unit 130 stores preset setting information and various setting information to be transmitted to the terminal 20 in a storage device, and reads it out from the storage device as necessary.
  • the control unit 140 performs, for example, resource allocation and overall control of the base station 10. Note that the functional unit related to signal transmission in the control unit 140 may be included in the transmitting unit 110, and the functional unit related to signal reception in the control unit 140 may be included in the receiving unit 120.
  • the transmitting unit 110 and the receiving unit 120 may be called the transmitter and the receiver, respectively.
  • Fig. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of a terminal in this embodiment.
  • the terminal 20 has a transmitting unit 210, a receiving unit 220, a setting unit 230, and a control unit 240.
  • the functional configuration shown in Fig. 3 is merely an example. As long as the operation in this embodiment can be executed, the names of the functional divisions and functional units may be any.
  • the transmitting unit 210 and the receiving unit 220 may be called a communication unit.
  • the transmitter 210 creates a transmission signal from the transmission data and transmits the transmission signal wirelessly.
  • the receiver 220 receives various signals wirelessly and obtains higher layer signals from the received physical layer signals.
  • the transmitter 210 also transmits HARQ-ACK, and the receiver 220 receives setting information, etc., which will be described in the embodiment.
  • the setting unit 230 stores various setting information received from the base station 10 by the receiving unit 220 in a storage device, and reads it out from the storage device as necessary.
  • the setting unit 230 also stores setting information that is set in advance.
  • the control unit 240 performs control of the entire terminal 20, etc. Note that the functional unit related to signal transmission in the control unit 240 may be included in the transmitting unit 210, and the functional unit related to signal reception in the control unit 240 may be included in the receiving unit 220.
  • the transmitting unit 210 and the receiving unit 220 may also be called a transmitter and a receiver, respectively.
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a functional configuration in this embodiment.
  • the RIS 30 has a transmitting unit 310, a receiving unit 320, a control unit 330, a variable unit 340, and an antenna unit 350.
  • the functional divisions and names of the functional units may be any.
  • the transmitting unit 310 and the receiving unit 320 may be called a communication unit.
  • the antenna section 350 includes at least one antenna connected to the variable section 340.
  • the antenna section 350 may be arranged as an array antenna.
  • the antenna section 350 may be specifically referred to as a relay antenna.
  • the variable section 340 and the antenna section 350 may be referred to as a relay section.
  • the variable section 340 is connected to the antenna section 350 and can change the phase, load, amplitude, etc.
  • the variable section 340 may be a variable phase shifter, phase shifter, amplifier, etc.
  • the phase of the radio waves that reach the relay antenna from the radio wave source it is possible to change the direction or beam of the radio waves, etc.
  • the control unit 330 is a control means for controlling the variable unit 340.
  • the control unit 330 functions as a control unit for controlling the relay state when relaying radio waves from the base station 10 or the terminal 20 without signal interpretation.
  • the control unit 330 may change the relay state based on control information received from the base station 10 or the terminal 20 via the communication unit, or may change the relay state based on the reception state of the radio waves from the base station 10 or the terminal 20.
  • the control unit 330 may select appropriate reception beams and transmission beams (directions) based on control information such as SSB, and control the variable unit 340.
  • the control unit 330 may select an appropriate combination of reception direction and transmission direction based on criteria such as the highest reception quality or the highest reception power from the reception state, and control the variable unit 340.
  • control unit 330 can control the variable unit 340 based on, for example, information on the propagation path between the terminal 20 or base station 10A and the antenna unit 350 (including information estimated from the reception state and control information; the same applies below).
  • the control unit 330 can relay the radio waves received from the base station 10A to a specific direction, such as the radio wave receiving destination (terminal 20 in this case), by changing the phase without using transmission power, using a known method such as an active repeater or RIS.
  • the control unit 330 controls the phase of the radio signal to relay it toward the terminal 20 or base station 10A based on the estimated propagation path information HPT and HRP.
  • the RIS 30 controls (changes) only the phase of the radio signal (radio wave) by the control unit 330, and may relay without power supply without amplifying the power of the relayed radio signal.
  • control unit 330 may acquire information based on the reception state.
  • the receiving unit 320 may acquire control information from the base station 10A or the terminal 20.
  • the receiving unit 320 may receive various signals such as SSB (including the various signals exemplified in the above-mentioned functions) transmitted from the base station 10A or the terminal 20 as control information.
  • the control unit 330 may also estimate propagation path information (HPT and HRP) between the radio wave source (e.g., base station 10A or terminal 20) and the antenna unit 350 based on the reception state (e.g., change in reception power, etc.) when controlling the variable unit 340.
  • HPT and HRP propagation path information
  • the propagation path information (propagation channel information) for each propagation path is specifically information such as amplitude or phase, and in this embodiment is information estimated regarding the propagation path of the radio waves arriving at the antenna unit 350.
  • the control unit 330 may estimate the propagation path information of the antenna unit 350 based on the change in received power when the phase of the variable unit 340 of the array-shaped antenna unit 350 is switched to orthogonal, using a principle similar to that of I/Q (In-phase/Quadrature) detection.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the operation of the RIS 30 in this embodiment.
  • the RIS 30 is interposed between the base station 10A (or another base station 10, etc.) and the terminal 20, and relays (reflects, transmits, aggregates, diffracts, etc.) radio signals transmitted and received between the base station 10A and the terminal 20.
  • the base station 10A and the terminal 20 transmit and receive wireless signals directly without going through the RIS 30.
  • the RIS 30 relays the wireless signals transmitted and received between the base station 10A and the terminal 20.
  • RIS 30 estimates propagation path information HPT, HRT between the radio wave generating source such as base station 10A or terminal 20 and the relay antenna based on the change in the received power when controlling variable unit 340 such as a variable phase shifter, and relays the radio signal to the radio wave receiving destination such as terminal 20 by controlling variable unit 340 such as a variable phase shifter based on the estimated propagation path information.
  • RIS 30 is not limited to estimating propagation path information HPT, HRT, and may relay the radio signal to the radio wave receiving destination such as base station 10A or terminal 20 by controlling variable unit 340 such as a variable phase shifter based on control information received from base station 10A or terminal 20.
  • a propagation path or propagation channel refers to an individual communication path for wireless communication, and in this case, it is the communication path between each transmitting and receiving antenna (such as the base station antenna and terminal antenna in the figure).
  • the RIS 30 includes an antenna unit 350 having a small multi-element antenna compatible with massive MIMO, and a variable unit 340 having a variable phase device or phase shifter that changes the phase of a wireless signal, essentially a radio wave, to a specific phase, and uses the variable unit 340 to control the phase of the radio wave relayed to the terminal 20 or base station 10A.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of communication in a high frequency band.
  • a high frequency band of several GHz to several tens of GHz or more blind zones are likely to occur due to the strong linearity of radio waves. If there is line of sight between the base station 10A and the terminal 20, there is no effect on wireless communication between the base station 10A and the terminal 20 even when the high frequency band is used. On the other hand, if the line of sight between the base station 10A and the terminal 20 is blocked by an obstruction such as a building or tree, the wireless quality will deteriorate significantly. In other words, if the terminal 20 moves into a blind zone blocked by an obstruction, communication may be interrupted.
  • Radio wave propagation control devices are divided into passive and active types.
  • Passive types have the advantage of not requiring control information, but are unable to keep up with moving objects or environmental changes.
  • active types have the disadvantage of requiring control information and increasing overhead, but can variably control the propagation characteristics of radio waves by changing the load (phase) state of the control antenna, and can keep up with moving objects and environmental changes.
  • FB feedback
  • propagation path information model a variable radio wave propagation control device randomly changes the load (phase) state and has the terminal 20 or the like feed back the communication state, and searches for optimal conditions.
  • the propagation path information model the load state is determined based on propagation path information between the base station and the radio wave propagation control device, making it possible to perform optimal radio wave propagation control. Either type can be applied in this embodiment.
  • relay methods such as reflection, transmission, diffraction, and aggregation.
  • reflection type and transmission type for diffraction type and aggregation type, see Non-Patent Document 2, etc.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a reflective RIS in this embodiment.
  • An example of the system configuration of a reflective RIS 30 will be described with reference to FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between a transmitting antenna Tx of a base station 10A or the like, a relay antenna Sx of a transparent RIS 30, and a receiving antenna Rx of a terminal 20 or the like.
  • this embodiment uses MIMO as an example, and there are multiple propagation paths between Tx and Sx and multiple propagation paths between Sx and Rx, and the RIS 30 relays radio waves by controlling a variable unit 340 having a variable phase shifter or the like of the relay antenna Sx.
  • the array-like relay antennas are arranged facing the same direction. This makes it possible to estimate the propagation path of the relay antennas based on the reception state observed when the phase conditions of the relay antennas are changed multiple times.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a transparent RIS in this embodiment.
  • An example of the system configuration of a transparent RIS 30 will be described with reference to FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the relationship between a transmitting antenna Tx of a base station 10A or the like, a relay antenna Sx of a transparent RIS 30, and a receiving antenna Rx of a terminal 20 or the like.
  • MIMO is used as an example, and there are multiple propagation paths between Tx-Sx and multiple propagation paths between Sx-Rx, and the RIS 30 relays radio waves arriving from one side to the other side via a variable part 340 such as a variable phase shifter of the relay antenna Sx as shown in the figure.
  • the reference antenna on the left side of the figure and the relay antenna on the right side of the figure are arranged in pairs facing in opposite directions so that radio waves arriving from one side can be relayed to the other side.
  • it is possible to measure the reception state by configuring it so that the power arriving at the relay antenna can be detected by a power detector or the like.
  • the propagation path of the relay antenna can be estimated based on the received signal observed when the phase conditions of the relay antenna are changed multiple times.
  • Future networks such as 6G will require even higher quality than 5G.
  • ultra-high speeds on the order of terabps and high reliability and low latency at the level of optical communications will be required.
  • the use of extremely high frequencies, such as tera-Hz waves is expected.
  • the expected advantages are high speed due to the use of ultra-wideband and low latency due to short symbol lengths, but there are also expected disadvantages such as narrow coverage due to the large attenuation rate and reduced reliability due to high line-to-line propagation. It is necessary to consider how to ensure redundancy for each location where 6G communications are required, i.e., how to increase the number of communication transmission points.
  • the RIS 30 reflects or transmits the beam transmitted from the base station 10 or the terminal 20 in a predetermined direction and delivers it to the terminal 20 or the base station 10.
  • the RIS 30 may be, for example, a passive RIS, an active RIS, etc.
  • a passive RIS is a device that does not change control of the reflection angle or beam width, etc. according to the position of the mobile station, and does not require control information, but precise beam control is difficult.
  • An active RIS is a device that changes control of the reflection angle and beam width, etc. according to the position of the mobile station, and allows precise beam control, but requires control information, which increases overhead.
  • the RIS 30 makes it possible to increase the number of transmission points for communication.
  • RIS30 may be any device having a specific function, and the specific function may be, for example, at least one of the functions 1) and 2) shown below.
  • the RIS 30 may have a function of receiving signals (e.g., DL signals, SSB, PDCCH, PDSCH, DM-RS, PT-RS, CSI-RS, RIS-dedicated signals) transmitted from the base station 10.
  • the RIS 30 may receive information in the following 2) metamaterial function by the receiving function.
  • the RIS 30 may also have a function of transmitting signals to the base station 10 (e.g., UL signals, PRACH, PUCCH, PUSCH, DM-RS, PT-RS, SRS, RIS-dedicated signals).
  • the RIS 30 may use this transmission function to transmit information in the metamaterial function described below in 2).
  • the RIS 30 may also have a frame synchronization function with the base station 10.
  • the RIS 30 may have a reflection function (e.g., phase change) of a signal transmitted from the base station 10 or the terminal 20.
  • the RIS 30 may reflect a signal by changing the phase for each of a plurality of reflecting elements included in the RIS 30, or may reflect a signal by performing a common phase change for a plurality of reflecting elements.
  • the RIS 30 may also have a function for beam control (e.g., a function for controlling the TCI-state and QCL, selective application of a beam, selective application of a spatial filter/precoding weight).
  • the RIS 30 may also have a function for changing the power of a signal transmitted from the base station 10 or the terminal 20 (e.g., power amplification).
  • the RIS 30 may perform different power changes for each reflecting element that the RIS 30 has, or may perform a common power change for multiple reflecting elements.
  • RIS 30 may mean reflecting radio waves/signals.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example of a wireless communication system that performs NR positioning (NR positioning), including a base station 10 and a terminal 20.
  • the terminal 20 receives a downlink positioning reference signal (DL-Positioning Reference Signal (PRS)) from the base station 10 for downlink positioning (DL positioning).
  • PRS downlink positioning reference Signal
  • the terminal 20 transmits an SRS for positioning (SRS for positioning) to the base station 10 for uplink positioning.
  • SRS-pos The SRS for positioning may be referred to as SRS-pos.
  • FIG. 10 shows an example of a wireless communication system that performs NR positioning, including a base station 10, a terminal 20, and a RIS 30.
  • the terminal 20 receives a DL-PRS from the base station 10 via the RIS 30, and transmits an SRS for positioning to the base station 10 via the RIS 30.
  • NR positioning uses the time difference and angle of arrival of signals between the base station 10 and the terminal 20. Therefore, in a wireless communication system such as that shown in FIG. 10, when signals transmitted and received between the base station 10 and the terminal 20 pass through the RIS 30, proper positioning may not be possible. For example, in scenarios requiring centimeter-level high-precision positioning, it is necessary to reduce measurement errors in positioning.
  • This embodiment provides a method for appropriately estimating the reflection point of a signal (e.g., PRS) on the RIS 30.
  • the methods in the first to fourth embodiments described below may be executed independently or in combination.
  • the terminal 20 may assume that reflection point information relating to reflection points on the RIS 30 is notified to the terminal 20 .
  • the terminal 20 may assume that a reflection point associated with a DL-PRS/SRS-pos resource (set) ID is set.
  • the information associated with the reflection point may be associated with, for example, a beam ID, a panel ID, or a RIS ID.
  • the terminal 20 may assume that the assistant data notifies at least one of the RIS reference point (e.g., latitude, longitude, altitude), the RIS horizontal and vertical tilt angles (e.g., degrees), or the offset value (Reference point offset) between the RIS reference point and the reflection point.
  • the RIS reference point e.g., latitude, longitude, altitude
  • the RIS horizontal and vertical tilt angles e.g., degrees
  • the offset value Reference point offset
  • FIG. 11 shows an example of a possible RIS reference point and reflection point. As shown in FIG. 11, for example, the reflection point may be determined based on an offset value from the RIS reference point.
  • the offset value of the reference point may be defined in units of distance, such as [m] or [cm].
  • the offset value of the reference point may include a horizontal offset value (Horizontal offset) and a vertical offset value (Vertical offset). As shown on the left side of FIG. 12, the reflection point may be determined based on the horizontal offset value and the vertical offset value from the reference point.
  • the offset value of the reference point may be defined in distance units such as [m] or [cm] and angle units such as [degree].
  • the offset value of the reference point may include a radius from the reference point and an angle from a reference line passing through the reference point. As shown on the right side of FIG. 12, the reflection point may be determined based on the radius offset value from the reference point and the angle offset value from the reference line passing through the reference point.
  • the terminal 20 may request the network (e.g., the base station 10) to notify and update the RIS reflection point information.
  • the network e.g., the base station 10.
  • the coordinates (position) of the reflection point of the RIS 30 can be dynamically obtained according to the reflected beam while suppressing the complexity of the base station 10 and the terminal 20.
  • the method of the first embodiment can improve the accuracy of positioning via the RIS 30.
  • the terminal 20 determines the RIS reflection points by PRS measurements/transmissions.
  • the terminal 20 is notified of RIS effective area information indicating a RIS effective area, and is configured by the network to repeatedly measure the same DL-PRS resource (set) ID.
  • the RIS effective area is, for example, a predetermined area where a signal is reflected on the RIS 30.
  • the terminal 20 is notified of RIS valid area information and is configured by the network to repeatedly transmit the same SRS-pos resource (set) ID.
  • the RIS effective area information may include, for example, a RIS spot ID.
  • the RIS spot is a spot that divides the surface of the RIS 30, as shown in FIG. 13.
  • the RIS spot ID is an ID that identifies each spot.
  • the RIS spot may be switched while the terminal 20 performs repeated measurements on the same DL-PRS resource (set), and the terminal 20 may determine the optimal RIS spot (i.e., the RIS reflection point).
  • the terminal 20 may determine the spot with the best quality (e.g., the highest received power (RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power)) as the RIS reflection point as a result of the measurement.
  • RSRP Reference Signal Received Power
  • RIS spots may be referred to as RIS panels or RIS blocks. RIS spots may be represented as coordinates.
  • the terminal 20 determines the RIS valid area based on the received RIS valid area information.
  • the RIS effective area information may include, for example, information indicating a RIS spot ID and a RIS spot reference point. As shown in FIG. 14, the RIS effective area may be determined based on the RIS spot reference point and the RIS spot ID.
  • the RIS effective area information may include, for example, a RIS spot ID, a reference point of the RIS spot, and an offset value (RIS spot offset) between the reference point and the RIS spot (i.e., the reflection point).
  • RIS spot offset an offset value between the reference point and the RIS spot (i.e., the reflection point).
  • the RIS effective area may be determined based on the reference point of the RIS spot, the RIS spot offset value, and the RIS spot ID.
  • the coordinates of the RIS reflection point can be obtained, and as a result, the accuracy of positioning via the RIS can be improved.
  • the terminal 20 may determine the reflection beam range of the RIS 30 based on the PRS measurements and/or PRS transmissions.
  • the reflected beam range of the RIS 30 is the range of the beam that can be reflected on the RIS 30.
  • FIG. 16 shows an example of the range in which the DL-PRS transmitted from the base station 10 is reflected by the RIS 30.
  • the reflected beam range of the RIS 30 is the range from the DL-PRS transmitted from the base station 10 to one end of the surface of the RIS 30 to the DL-PRS transmitted from the base station 10 to the other end of the surface of the RIS 30.
  • the reflected beam range is not limited to the example of FIG. 16, and may be a predetermined range that the RIS 30 can reflect.
  • the reflected beam range of the RIS 30 in the uplink signal (e.g., SRS for positioning) is, for example, the range from the SRS for positioning transmitted from the terminal 20 to a part (e.g., one end) of the surface of the RIS 30 to the SRS for positioning transmitted from the terminal 20 to another part (e.g., the other end) of the surface of the RIS 30.
  • the reflected beam range of RIS 30 may be defined by the beam angle that can be reflected on RIS 30.
  • the terminal 20 may assume that the reflected beam range of the RIS 30 is determined based on DL-PRS beam sweeping.
  • the terminal 20 may perform DL-PRS measurements for each DL-PRS transmitted by DL-PRS beam sweeping and determine the reflected beam range based on the measurement results.
  • the DL-PRS measurement results include, for example, the RSRP and/or LOS (Line-Of-Sight)/NLOS (Non-LOS) probability of the DL-PRS.
  • the terminal 20 may assume that the reflected beam range of the RIS 30 is determined based on SRS-pos beam sweeping (SRS-pos transmission).
  • SRS-pos transmission SRS-pos beam sweeping
  • the terminal 20 may assume that the RIS information used to determine the reflected beam range is notified from the network (e.g., base station 10) via assistant data.
  • the network e.g., base station 10.
  • the RIS information may include information defining the range of RIS 30.
  • the information defining the range of RIS 30 is, for example, the horizontal and vertical distances of the surface of RIS 30.
  • the horizontal and vertical distances of the surface of RIS 30 are indicated in units indicating distance (for example, [m], [cm]).
  • the information defining the range of RIS 30 may include, for example, information indicating a reference point on the surface of RIS 30 in addition to the horizontal and vertical distances of the surface of RIS 30, as shown in FIG. 17.
  • the horizontal and vertical distances of the surface of RIS 30 may be expressed as distances from the reference point.
  • the information defining the range of RIS 30 may be, for example, coordinates defining the surface of RIS 30.
  • the coordinates may be the coordinates of the top, bottom, left, and right ends of the surface of RIS 30, or may be coordinates indicating a predetermined position defining the surface of RIS 30.
  • the coordinates may be indicated by latitude, longitude, and altitude.
  • the RIS information may include information indicating a reference point and a reflected beam range of the RIS 30.
  • the reflected beam range may be defined by an angle and/or a DL-PRS/SRS-pos resource (set) ID.
  • the DL-PRS/SRS-pos resource (set) ID may be a beam ID.
  • the reflected beam range of the RIS 30 may be defined by the angular width of the Angle of Departure (AoD) or the Angle of Arrival (AoA) at the base station 10 or terminal 20.
  • AoD Angle of Departure
  • AoA Angle of Arrival
  • the reflected beam range of the RIS 30 in the downlink may be defined by the angle of departure at the base station 10 or the angular width of the angle of arrival at the terminal 20.
  • FIG. 18 shows an example in which the reflected beam range of the RIS 30 in the downlink is defined by the difference between the departure angle Da1 [degree] and the departure angle Da2 [degree] at the base station 10.
  • the reference direction of the departure angle may be uniquely defined by a direction such as "north" or "south", or may be defined as a direction specific to each base station 10.
  • the reflected beam range of the uplink RIS 30 may be defined by the angular width of the arrival angle at the base station 10 or the departure angle at the terminal 20.
  • the reflected beam range of the RIS 30 may be defined by the width of the angle at which the RIS 30 reflects a downlink signal (e.g., DL-PRS) or an uplink signal (e.g., SRS-pos).
  • a downlink signal e.g., DL-PRS
  • an uplink signal e.g., SRS-pos
  • the reflected beam range of RIS 30 may be defined based on DL-PRS/SRS-pos resource IDs.
  • Figure 19 shows an example in which the reflected beam range of RIS 30 is defined by DL-PRS resource #2 and DL-PRS resource #6.
  • the reflected beam range of the RIS 30 may be defined based on a reference point and a DL-PRS/SRS-pos resource ID.
  • the reflected beam range of the RIS 30 is defined as an angle relative to the DL-PRS/SRS-pos resource ID associated with the reference point.
  • the reflected beam range of the RIS 30 is determined by a range based on an angle Db1 [degrees] relative to the DL-PRS resource #4 associated with the reference point and a range based on an angle Db2 [degrees] relative to the DL-PRS resource #4.
  • the probability of going through the RIS may be determined based on the measurement results of the PRS.
  • the probability of going through the RIS is the probability that a signal is transmitted or received through the RIS 30 in communication between the base station 10 and the terminal 20.
  • the PRS measurement result may be, for example, an RSRP or an LOS/NLOS indicator.
  • a value of "0" for the LOS/NLOS indicator may represent LOS and a value of "1" may represent NLOS, or conversely, a value of "1” may represent LOS and a value of "0" may represent NLOS.
  • the RIS route probability may be defined as a RIS indicator.
  • the RIS indicator may be transmitted from the terminal 20 to the network (e.g., the base station 10), or may be transmitted from the network to the terminal 20.
  • the RIS indicator may be a hard value of 0-1 (e.g., 1-bit representation), or may be expressed as a soft value of 0-100%.
  • the terminal 20 may report the determined beam angle to the network.
  • terminal 20 may estimate the reflection angle at the reflection point of RIS 30 and report the estimated reflection angle to the network.
  • the reflection angle at the reflection point of RIS 30 may be defined based on the horizontal axis of RIS 30 as in Opt. 1 of FIG. 21, or based on the vertical axis of RIS 30 as in Opt. 2 of FIG. 21.
  • the horizontal axis of RIS 30 is an axis parallel to the reflection surface of RIS 30.
  • the vertical axis of RIS 30 is an axis perpendicular to the reflection surface of RIS 30.
  • the third embodiment it is possible to increase the flexibility of the installation location and settings of the RIS, enabling positioning via the RIS in various scenarios.
  • the terminal 20 may report terminal capability information (UE capability) regarding a reflection point of the RIS to the network.
  • UE capability terminal capability information
  • the capability information of the terminal 20 includes the following information:
  • Information indicating support for RIS reflection point information may be indicated for each terminal 20 (UE), for each FR (Frequency Range), for each positioning method (e.g., TDOA, Multi-RTT), and for each band combination (e.g., intra-band (contiguous)/intra-band (non-contiguous)/inter-band).
  • UE terminal 20
  • FR Frequency Range
  • TDOA positioning method
  • Multi-RTT Multi-RTT
  • band combination e.g., intra-band (contiguous)/intra-band (non-contiguous)/inter-band.
  • the information indicating support for the RIS indicator may indicate whether a hard value of 0-1 (e.g., 1 bit) or a soft value of 0-100% is supported.
  • the fourth embodiment it is possible to estimate the reflection point of the RIS according to the terminal capabilities.
  • the PRS in each of the above-described embodiments may be a specific RS that can be used for positioning. For example, if a common RS that can also be used for positioning is specified in a future wireless communication standard, this embodiment may be applied to that RS.
  • the terminal may be referred to as User Equipment (UE), User Terminal (UT), node, or user node.
  • UE User Equipment
  • UT User Terminal
  • node node
  • user node user node
  • the reference point may be referred to as a RIS position, a RIS coordinate, or a RIS reference point.
  • the reflection point may be referred to as a reflective point, a reflection position, a reflection coordinate, or a reflection point.
  • SRS-pos may be referred to as SRS for positioning or SRS.
  • the assistant data may be referred to as assistant information.
  • the RIS spot may be referred to as a RIS panel or a RIS block.
  • the RIS 30 may also relay communications (e.g., sidelink communications) between multiple terminals 20.
  • the base station 10 may be replaced with the terminal 20 in each of the above-described embodiments.
  • the wireless relay device and base station of this embodiment may be configured as the wireless relay device and base station shown in the following items.
  • the following wireless relay method may be implemented.
  • the transmitting/receiving unit receives information indicating an area in which a signal can be reflected in the wireless relay device, The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit repeatedly measures a reference signal having the same resource while the area is switched.
  • the transceiver receives a plurality of reference signals;
  • the plurality of reference signals each have a different resource; 2.
  • the control unit performs measurements on the plurality of reference signals, and determines a range in which the signal is reflected in the wireless relay device based on a result of the measurements.
  • the transceiver unit included in the terminal of paragraph 1 transmits capability information indicating whether the terminal supports an operation based on the information indicating the reflection position to a base station.
  • a control unit that generates a reference signal used for position measurement; Transmitting a reference signal used for the positioning to a terminal via a wireless relay device; a transmitting unit configured to transmit information indicating a reflection position at which the wireless relay device reflects the reference signal to a terminal; The reflection location is associated with a resource of the reference signal.
  • a communication method performed by a terminal comprising: receiving a reference signal used for positioning via a wireless relay device; receiving information indicating a reflection position at which the wireless relay device reflects the reference signal; and performing the position measurement based on the reflection position when the reference signal is received, The method of communication, wherein the reflection locations are associated with resources of the reference signal.
  • any of the above configurations can improve the accuracy of positioning via the RIS.
  • the coordinates (position) of the RIS reflection point can be dynamically obtained according to the reflected beam while reducing the complexity of the base station and terminal.
  • the coordinates of the RIS reflection point can be obtained, and as a result, the accuracy of positioning via the RIS can be improved.
  • the flexibility of the installation location and settings of the RIS can be increased, enabling positioning via the RIS in various scenarios.
  • each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more devices that are physically or logically separated and directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.).
  • the functional block may be realized by combining the one device or the multiple devices with software.
  • Functions include, but are not limited to, judgement, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment.
  • a functional block (component) that performs the transmission function is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In either case, as mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on the method of realization.
  • the base station 10, terminal 20, RIS 30, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of the base station 10, terminal 20, and RIS 30 in one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the above-mentioned base station 10, terminal 20, and RIS 30 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a storage device 1002, an auxiliary storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.
  • the term "apparatus" may be interpreted as a circuit, device, unit, etc.
  • the hardware configurations of the base station 10, the terminal 20, and the RIS 30 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.
  • the functions of the base station 10, the terminal 20, and the RIS 30 are realized by loading specific software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and the storage device 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communications by the communication device 1004, and control at least one of the reading and writing of data in the storage device 1002 and the auxiliary storage device 1003.
  • the processor 1001 for example, operates an operating system to control the entire computer.
  • the processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control unit, an arithmetic unit, registers, etc.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • control unit 140, control unit 240, etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.
  • the processor 1001 reads out a program (program code), software module, data, etc. from at least one of the auxiliary storage device 1003 and the communication device 1004 to the storage device 1002, and executes various processes according to the program.
  • the program is a program that causes a computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above-mentioned embodiment.
  • the control unit 140 of the base station 10 shown in FIG. 2 may be stored in the storage device 1002 and realized by a control program that runs on the processor 1001.
  • the control unit 240 of the terminal 20 shown in FIG. 3 may be stored in the storage device 1002 and realized by a control program that runs on the processor 1001.
  • the processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.
  • the program may be transmitted from a network via a telecommunication line.
  • the storage device 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be composed of at least one of, for example, a ROM (Read Only Memory), an EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM), a RAM (Random Access Memory), etc.
  • the storage device 1002 may also be called a register, a cache, a main memory, etc.
  • the storage device 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing the communication method in one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the auxiliary storage device 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be, for example, at least one of an optical disk such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy (registered trademark) disk, a magnetic strip, etc.
  • the above-mentioned storage medium may be, for example, a database, a server, or other suitable medium that includes at least one of the storage device 1002 and the auxiliary storage device 1003.
  • the communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting/receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also called, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, a communication module, etc.
  • the communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc., to realize at least one of, for example, Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD).
  • FDD Frequency Division Duplex
  • TDD Time Division Duplex
  • the transmitting/receiving antenna, an amplifier unit, a transmitting/receiving unit, a transmission path interface, etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004.
  • the transmitting/receiving unit may be implemented as a transmitting unit or a receiving unit that is physically or logically separated.
  • the input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside.
  • the output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, etc.) that performs output to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one structure (e.g., a touch panel).
  • each device such as the processor 1001 and the storage device 1002 is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information.
  • the bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.
  • the base station 10, the terminal 20, and the RIS 30 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized by the hardware.
  • the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.
  • the RIS 30 may have a variable phase shifter, a phase shifter, an amplifier, an antenna, an array antenna, etc. as hardware constituting the variable section 340 and the antenna section 350, as necessary.
  • FIG. 23 shows an example configuration of a vehicle 2001.
  • the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021-2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013.
  • a communication device mounted on the vehicle 2001 and may be applied to the communication module 2013, for example.
  • the drive unit 2002 is composed of, for example, an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor.
  • the steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handlebar), and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.
  • the electronic control unit 2010 is composed of a microprocessor 2031, memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 2010 from various sensors 2021 to 2029 provided in the vehicle 2001.
  • the electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).
  • Signals from the various sensors 2021-2029 include a current signal from a current sensor 2021 that senses the motor current, a front and rear wheel rotation speed signal obtained by a rotation speed sensor 2022, a front and rear wheel air pressure signal obtained by an air pressure sensor 2023, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 2025, an accelerator pedal depression amount signal obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, a brake pedal depression amount signal obtained by a brake pedal sensor 2026, a shift lever operation signal obtained by a shift lever sensor 2027, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 2028.
  • the information service unit 2012 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a television, and a radio, for providing various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices.
  • the information service unit 2012 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 2013, etc., to provide various multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001.
  • the driving assistance system unit 2030 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driving burden on the driver, such as a millimeter wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), a camera, a positioning locator (e.g., GNSS, etc.), map information (e.g., high definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps, etc.), a gyro system (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System), etc.), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chip, and AI processor, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices.
  • the driving assistance system unit 2030 transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.
  • the communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port.
  • the communication module 2013 transmits and receives data via the communication port 2033 between the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 29, which are provided on the vehicle 2001.
  • the communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication.
  • the communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010.
  • the external device may be, for example, a base station, a mobile station, etc.
  • the communication module 2013 transmits the current signal from the current sensor input to the electronic control unit 2010 to an external device via wireless communication.
  • the communication module 2013 also transmits to the external device via wireless communication the following signals input to the electronic control unit 2010: the rotation speed signal of the front and rear wheels acquired by the rotation speed sensor 2022, the air pressure signal of the front and rear wheels acquired by the air pressure sensor 2023, the vehicle speed signal acquired by the vehicle speed sensor 2024, the acceleration signal acquired by the acceleration sensor 2025, the accelerator pedal depression amount signal acquired by the accelerator pedal sensor 2029, the brake pedal depression amount signal acquired by the brake pedal sensor 2026, the shift lever operation signal acquired by the shift lever sensor 2027, and the detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. acquired by the object detection sensor 2028.
  • the communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device, and displays it on the information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle 2001.
  • the communication module 2013 also stores the various information received from the external device in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021 to 2029, etc. provided in the vehicle 2001.
  • the operations of multiple functional units may be physically performed by one part, or the operations of one functional unit may be physically performed by multiple parts.
  • the order of processing may be changed as long as there is no contradiction in the processing procedures described in the embodiment.
  • the base station 10 and the terminal 20 have been described using functional block diagrams, but such devices may be realized by hardware, software, or a combination thereof.
  • the software operated by the processor possessed by the base station 10 according to this embodiment and the software operated by the processor possessed by the terminal 20 according to this embodiment may each be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read only memory (ROM), EPROM, EEPROM, register, hard disk (HDD), removable disk, CD-ROM, database, server or any other suitable storage medium.
  • the notification of information is not limited to the aspects/embodiments described in the present disclosure and may be performed using other methods.
  • the notification of information may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), other signals, or a combination of these.
  • RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, etc.
  • Each aspect/embodiment described in this disclosure is a mobile communication system that is compatible with LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-A (LTE-Advanced), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal number)), FRA (Future Ra).
  • the present invention may be applied to at least one of systems using IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, UWB (Ultra-WideBand), Bluetooth (registered trademark), and other appropriate systems, and next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these. It may also be applied to a combination of multiple systems (for example, a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G, etc.).
  • certain operations that are described as being performed by the base station 10 may in some cases be performed by its upper node.
  • various operations performed for communication with a terminal 20 may be performed by at least one of the base station 10 and other network nodes other than the base station 10 (such as, but not limited to, an MME, an S-GW, an AMF (Access and Mobility management Function), an SMF (Session Management Function), an LMF (Location Management Function), etc.).
  • the above example shows a case where there is one other network node other than the base station 10, the other network node may be a combination of multiple other network nodes (such as an MME and an S-GW).
  • the information or signals described in this disclosure may be output from a higher layer (or a lower layer) to a lower layer (or a higher layer). They may be input and output via multiple network nodes.
  • the input and output information may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or may be managed using a management table.
  • the input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or added to.
  • the output information may be deleted.
  • the input information may be sent to another device.
  • the determination in this disclosure may be based on a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), a Boolean (true or false) value, or a comparison of numerical values (e.g., a comparison with a predetermined value).
  • Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
  • Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted and received via a transmission medium.
  • a transmission medium For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and/or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included within the definition of a transmission medium.
  • wired technologies such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
  • wireless technologies such as infrared, microwave
  • the information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies.
  • the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.
  • At least one of the channel and the symbol may be a signal (signaling).
  • the signal may be a message.
  • a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, a cell, a frequency carrier, etc.
  • system and “network” are used interchangeably.
  • radio resources may be indicated by an index.
  • the names used for the above-mentioned parameters are not limiting in any respect. Furthermore, the formulas etc. using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure.
  • the various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not limiting in any respect.
  • base station BS
  • radio base station base station
  • base station fixed station
  • NodeB eNodeB
  • gNodeB gNodeB
  • access point e.g., "transmission point”
  • gNodeB gNodeB
  • a base station may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.
  • a base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells.
  • a base station accommodates multiple cells, the entire coverage area of the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can also provide communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (RRH: Remote Radio Head)).
  • RRH Remote Radio Head
  • the term "cell” or “sector” refers to a part or the entire coverage area of at least one of the base station and base station subsystems that provide communication services in this coverage.
  • MS Mobile Station
  • UE User Equipment
  • a mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.
  • At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc.
  • At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, or the moving object itself.
  • the moving object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned moving object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned).
  • At least one of the base station and the mobile station may include a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations.
  • at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • the base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal.
  • each aspect/embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals 20 (which may be called, for example, D2D (Device-to-Device) or V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything)).
  • the terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above.
  • terms such as "uplink” and "downlink” may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "side").
  • the uplink channel, downlink channel, etc. may be read as a side channel.
  • the user terminal in this disclosure may be interpreted as a base station.
  • the base station may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal described above.
  • determining may encompass a wide variety of actions.
  • Determining and “determining” may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), and considering ascertaining as “judging” or “determining.”
  • determining and “determining” may include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), and considering ascertaining as “judging” or “determining.”
  • judgment” and “decision” can include considering resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc., to have been “judged” or “decided.” In other words, “judgment” and “decision” can include considering some action to have been “judged” or “decided.” Additionally, “judgment (decision)” can be interpreted as “assuming,” “ex
  • connection refers to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” to each other.
  • the coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof.
  • “connected” may be read as "access.”
  • two elements may be considered to be “connected” or “coupled” to each other using at least one of one or more wires, cables, and printed electrical connections, as well as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, and optical (both visible and invisible) range, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.
  • the reference signal may also be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal) or may be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.
  • the phrase “based on” does not mean “based only on,” unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase “based on” means both “based only on” and “based at least on.”
  • any reference to an element using a designation such as "first,” “second,” etc., used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in some way.
  • a radio frame may be composed of one or more frames in the time domain. Each of the one or more frames in the time domain may be called a subframe. A subframe may further be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.
  • Numerology may be a communication parameter that applies to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. Numerology may indicate, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, a specific filtering process performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, a specific windowing process performed by the transceiver in the time domain, etc.
  • SCS subcarrier spacing
  • TTI transmission time interval
  • radio frame structure a specific filtering process performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain
  • a specific windowing process performed by the transceiver in the time domain etc.
  • a slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols, SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) symbols, etc.).
  • a slot may be a time unit based on numerology.
  • a slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot.
  • a PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A.
  • a PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.
  • Radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals. Radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol may each be referred to by a different name that corresponds to the radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol.
  • one subframe may be called a Transmission Time Interval (TTI)
  • TTI Transmission Time Interval
  • multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI
  • one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI.
  • at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms.
  • the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc., instead of a subframe.
  • TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication.
  • a base station performs scheduling to allocate wireless resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each terminal 20) to each terminal 20 in TTI units.
  • wireless resources such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each terminal 20
  • TTI is not limited to this.
  • the TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-coded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc.
  • the time interval e.g., the number of symbols
  • the time interval in which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.
  • one or more TTIs may be the minimum time unit of scheduling.
  • the number of slots (minislots) that constitute the minimum time unit of scheduling may be controlled.
  • a TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI (TTI in LTE Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc.
  • TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial TTI (partial or fractional TTI), shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.
  • a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms
  • a short TTI e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.
  • TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and equal to or greater than 1 ms.
  • a resource block is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain.
  • the number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of the numerology, and may be, for example, 12.
  • the number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on the numerology.
  • the time domain of an RB may include one or more symbols and may be one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI in length.
  • One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.
  • one or more RBs may be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.
  • PRB physical resource block
  • SCG sub-carrier group
  • REG resource element group
  • PRB pair an RB pair, etc.
  • a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs).
  • REs resource elements
  • one RE may be a radio resource area of one subcarrier and one symbol.
  • a bandwidth part which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by an index of the RB relative to a common reference point of the carrier.
  • PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.
  • the BWP may include a BWP for UL (UL BWP) and a BWP for DL (DL BWP).
  • UL BWP UL BWP
  • DL BWP DL BWP
  • One or more BWPs may be configured within one carrier for the terminal 20.
  • At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the terminal 20 may not be expected to transmit or receive a specific signal/channel outside the active BWP.
  • BWP bit stream
  • radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols are merely examples.
  • the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, as well as the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, and the cyclic prefix (CP) length can be changed in various ways.
  • a and B are different may mean “A and B are different from each other.”
  • the term may also mean “A and B are each different from C.”
  • Terms such as “separate” and “combined” may also be interpreted in the same way as “different.”
  • notification of specific information is not limited to being done explicitly, but may be done implicitly (e.g., not notifying the specific information).
  • Base station 110 Transmitter 120 Receiver 130 Setting unit 140 Control unit 20 Terminal 210 Transmitter 220 Receiver 230 Setting unit 240 Control unit 30 Wireless relay device 310 Transmitter 320 Receiver 330 Control unit 340 Variable unit 350 Antenna unit 1001 Processor 1002 Storage device 1003 Auxiliary storage device 1004 Communication device 1005 Input device 1006 Output device 2001 Vehicle 2002 Drive unit 2003 Steering unit 2004 Accelerator pedal 2005 Brake pedal 2006 Shift lever 2007 Front wheel 2008 Rear wheel 2009 Axle 2010 Electronic control unit 2012 Information service unit 2013 Communication module 2021 Current sensor 2022 RPM sensor 2023 Air pressure sensor 2024 Vehicle speed sensor 2025, acceleration sensor 2026, brake pedal sensor 2027, shift lever sensor 2028, object detection sensor 2029, accelerator pedal sensor 2030, driving assistance system unit 2031, microprocessor 2032, memory (ROM, RAM) 2033 Communication port (IO port)

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