WO2025011027A1 - 基于nsga-ii算法的弱电网lcl型并网逆变滤波器参数优化方法 - Google Patents

基于nsga-ii算法的弱电网lcl型并网逆变滤波器参数优化方法 Download PDF

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WO2025011027A1
WO2025011027A1 PCT/CN2024/077376 CN2024077376W WO2025011027A1 WO 2025011027 A1 WO2025011027 A1 WO 2025011027A1 CN 2024077376 W CN2024077376 W CN 2024077376W WO 2025011027 A1 WO2025011027 A1 WO 2025011027A1
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grid
inverter
nsga
frequency
weak
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French (fr)
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刘展宁
刁瑞盛
郑外生
周保荣
李诗旸
毛田
姚文峰
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Research Institute Of China Southern Power Grid Co Ltd
Zhejiang University
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Research Institute Of China Southern Power Grid Co Ltd
Zhejiang University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/01—Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from AC input or output
    • H02M1/126—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from AC input or output using passive filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2101/00—Supply or distribution of decentralised, dispersed or local electric power generation
    • H02J2101/20—Dispersed power generation using renewable energy sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2103/00—Details of circuit arrangements for mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2103/30—Simulating, planning, modelling, reliability check or computer assisted design [CAD] of electric power networks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/40—Arrangements for reducing harmonics

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of inverter filters, and in particular relates to a parameter optimization method for a weak power grid LCL type grid-connected inverter filter based on an NSGA-II algorithm.
  • the grid-connected inverter is a key device supporting the grid connection of new energy.
  • the LCL type has a better suppression effect on high-frequency harmonics. Its specific performance mainly depends on the LCL parameters, so the design of the filter parameters is very important. However, the parameter design requirements of the filter are more restrictive, and the calculation is larger and the accuracy is poor; in addition, due to the conditions of weak power grids, it is more necessary to comprehensively consider the safety and control robustness of the system under multiple operating conditions.
  • the present invention provides a method for optimizing parameters of a weak-grid LCL-type grid-connected inverter filter based on an NSGA-II algorithm, which greatly improves the filtering effect and weak-grid resistance capability of the filter.
  • a method for optimizing parameters of a weak power grid LCL type grid-connected inverter filter based on NSGA-II algorithm comprising:
  • the single-phase inverter system under weak power grid is modeled, and the inverter side inductor L 1 , the grid side inductor L 2 , the filter capacitor C and the passive damping resistor R are taken as parameters to be optimized;
  • the parameters to be optimized are used as decision variables.
  • the parameter solution set of the optimal solution is obtained through iterative optimization of multiple objective functions, and a set of typical values is selected from the parameter solution set as the optimization solution.
  • the single variable principle is used to analyze the influence of each parameter on the system; the parameter changes are all linearly increased, and the changes are made on the basis of the parameters of the traditional trial and error method.
  • the total inductance value L needs to meet two conditions: first, the maximum current generated by the voltage drop on the inductor needs to be limited; second, the current ripple needs to be reduced to within the allowable range; that is, the following inequality constraints need to be satisfied:
  • V g_max and I g_max are the peak voltage and current on the grid side
  • V dc is the DC side voltage
  • ⁇ I ripple-ma is the maximum current ripple on the inverter side
  • fs is the switching frequency
  • ⁇ 0 is the grid frequency.
  • the inverter-side inductor L1 and the grid-side inductor L2 must meet the following constraints: L1 ⁇ L2
  • Ts is the switching period, is the current ripple factor, is the inductor voltage drop coefficient, ⁇ 0 is the grid frequency, Vin represents the filter input voltage (i.e., the inverter side output voltage), I L1 represents the inverter side inductor current, V C represents the filter capacitor node voltage, and V g represents the grid side voltage.
  • the filter capacitor C must meet the following constraints:
  • P O is the rated output power of the grid side
  • ⁇ 0 is the grid frequency
  • ⁇ C is the ratio of capacitor reactive power to rated output active power
  • V g is the grid side voltage.
  • the switching frequency harmonic attenuation ratio ⁇ is the highest priority optimization target, as shown in the following formula:
  • Ig (s) is the expression of the grid current in the complex frequency domain
  • IL1 (s) is the expression of the inverter side inductor current in the complex frequency domain
  • ⁇ s is the switching angular frequency
  • Vg represents the grid side voltage
  • ⁇ 0 is the grid frequency
  • the resonant frequency is selected as:
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention adopts a multi-objective optimization genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) for parameter selection of LCL filter grid-connected inverter system under weak power grid conditions.
  • NGA-II multi-objective optimization genetic algorithm
  • FIG1 is a grid-connected inverter topology structure of an LCL filter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG2 is a closed-loop control block diagram of an LCL-type grid-connected inverter system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG3 is a flow chart of the NSGA-II algorithm according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG4 is a diagram showing the movement trend of the closed-loop poles of the system when the filter parameters increase in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG5 is a set of optimization parameter solutions according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG6 is a system response under traditional parameters in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the system response under optimized parameters in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the grid-connected inverter topology adopted in the embodiment of the present invention is an LCL circuit of capacitor series resistor, as shown in FIG1 .
  • V dc and C dc are DC voltage and filter capacitor;
  • L 1 , L 2 , and L g are the equivalent inductance of the inverter side, the grid side, and the grid respectively;
  • R 1 , R 2 , and R g are the corresponding line resistances respectively;
  • vin and vg are the inverter bridge output voltage and the grid voltage respectively;
  • i L1 , i g , i c , and i g_ref are the inverter side current and the grid current respectively.
  • the current, capacitor current and grid reference current are calculated.
  • Gi (s) is the grid current controller and H is the capacitor current feedback controller.
  • the current controller Gi (s) is a PI controller
  • H is proportional feedback
  • K PWM is the equivalent transfer function of the inverter, which is the ratio of the DC voltage to the carrier voltage amplitude.
  • the capacitor series resistor used in the embodiment of the present invention is a simple and effective method to reduce the resonance peak damping, and the capacitor current feedback speeds up the system response.
  • a multi-objective optimization algorithm model will obtain a set of solutions based on specific problems, and there is no coupling relationship between them, which is called the Pareto optimal solution set.
  • the present invention selects the NSGA-II algorithm framework, and classifies and quickly non-dominated sorts the individuals in the population based on the genetic algorithm, and prevents the loss of excellent individuals through the elite strategy.
  • FIG. 3 The main process of the NSGA-II algorithm is shown in Figure 3.
  • an initial population Pt of size N is randomly generated.
  • a child population Qt is generated, and the two populations are combined to form a population Rt of size 2N.
  • a fast non-dominated sort is performed, and the crowding degree of individuals in each non-dominated layer is calculated.
  • suitable individuals are selected to form a new parent population Pt +1 .
  • a new child population Qt+1 is generated through the basic operations of the genetic algorithm, and Pt+1 and Qt +1 are merged to form a new population Rt+1 . The above operations are repeated until the conditions for the end of the program are met.
  • the single variable principle can be used to analyze the impact of each parameter on the system.
  • the parameter changes are all linear increases, and the changes are made on the basis of the parameters of the traditional trial and error method. On this basis, the respective parameter changes are: L 1 (850 ⁇ H ⁇ 1200 ⁇ H), L 2 (500 ⁇ H ⁇ 1200 ⁇ H), C (4 ⁇ F ⁇ 18 ⁇ F), R (2 ⁇ 9 ⁇ ).
  • the limit constraints of the total inductance L, the inverter side inductance L 1 , the grid side inductance L 2 , and the filter capacitor C are set as the constraint conditions of the objective function.
  • the total inductance needs to meet two conditions: on the one hand, it is necessary to limit the maximum current generated by the voltage drop on the inductor; on the other hand, it is necessary to reduce the current ripple to keep it within the allowable range; that is, it needs to meet the following inequality constraints:
  • V g_max , I g_max are the peak voltage and current on the grid side; the inverter side output voltage Vinv ⁇ V dc .
  • the grid-side inductance is often smaller than the inverter-side inductance.
  • the inverter-side inductance needs to meet the current ripple and voltage drop restrictions on the inductor, resulting in the following constraints: L 1 ⁇ L 2 (6)
  • P O is the rated power output on the grid side; ⁇ 0 is the grid frequency; the ratio of capacitor reactive power to rated output active power is ⁇ C ⁇ 5%.
  • the switching action of the inverter will cause the inverter-side current to have a dv/dt change close to the switching frequency, that is, the current ripple.
  • the inverter current ripple In order to ensure the stability of the system, strengthen the control effect, and reduce the loss of switches and inductors, it is necessary to minimize the inverter current ripple:
  • inverter output voltage Vin ⁇ Vdc inverter side inductor L1 .
  • LCL filters introduce passive damping to enhance system harmonic suppression performance, but also introduce power dissipation, which needs to be minimized:
  • the resonant frequency is generally selected as follows:
  • the objective function of the algorithm is min[ ⁇ , ⁇ I ripple ,P R_loss ,F 1 ,F 2 ] (14)
  • formula (3) is used as the optimization variable, formula (4) to (7) as the linear constraints, formula (14) as the multi-objective function, and the NSGA-II algorithm is used.
  • the basic parameters are set as follows: optimal individual system paretoFraction 0.4; population size populationsize 300; maximum evolution generations generations 400; stop generation stallGenLimit 300; fitness function deviation TolFun 1e-10. In this way, the solution set of multi-objective Pareto optimal solution is obtained through iterative optimization, as shown in Figure 5.
  • an embodiment of the present invention builds a simulation model of the grid-connected inverter based on Matlab/Simulink, and the specific parameter environment is shown in Table 2.
  • the parameters designed using the optimization algorithm obviously make the inverter system more adaptable to weak grid conditions.
  • the inductance value of the weak grid reaches 2mH
  • the system of the traditional solution has become unstable, but the optimized solution can still maintain the stability of the system.
  • the ripple of the current and voltage has increased to a certain extent (5.513 ⁇ 6.182A), but it is still within the allowable range of the grid-connected design requirements; the power consumption of the resistor has increased significantly (0.245 ⁇ 4.838W), but due to the reduction of the inductance and capacitance values, the change in the resonant frequency loss can almost offset it.
  • the waveform distortion rate under weak grid conditions has decreased significantly, which greatly improves the filtering effect and weak grid resistance of the filter.
  • the specific parameters of the distortion rate are shown in Table 3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于NSGA-II算法的弱电网LCL型并网逆变滤波器参数优化方法,包括:对弱电网下的单相逆变系统进行建模,将逆变侧电感L1、网侧电感L2、滤波电容C以及无源阻尼的电阻R作为待优化参数;设置电感总值L、逆变侧电感L1、网侧电感L2、滤波电容C的界限约束;构建开关频次谐波衰减比η、逆变端电感电流纹波ΔIripple、阻尼电阻功耗PR_loss和谐振频率fr的目标函数;基于NSGA-II算法模型,将待优化参数作为决策变量,根据界限约束,对多个目标函数通过迭代优化得到最优解的参数解集,并从参数解集中挑取一组典型值作为优化解。利用本发明,可以大大提高滤波器的滤波效果与抗弱网能力。

Description

基于NSGA-II算法的弱电网LCL型并网逆变滤波器参数优化方法 技术领域
本发明属于逆变滤波器领域,尤其是涉及一种基于NSGA-II算法的弱电网LCL型并网逆变滤波器参数优化方法。
背景技术
并网逆变器是支撑新能源并网的关键设备,相比于L与LC型滤波器,LCL型对高频谐波有更好的抑制效果,其具体性能与主要取决于LCL参数,因此滤波器参数的设计十分重要。但滤波器的参数设计要求的限制更多,而且计算量更大、准确性差;此外,由于是弱电网的条件,更需要综合考虑系统多运行工况下的安全性和控制鲁棒性。
早期滤波器设计方法依据大量工程经验,结合电磁特性采取试凑法进行参数设计,经过充分的实验结果并结合图解法,形成了传统的滤波器参数设计方法,如文献“Xinbo Ruan.Control Techniques for LCL-Type Grid-Connected Inverters.Beijing,CN:Science Press,2015.”。
文献“S.Jayalath and M.Hanif,"An LCL-Filter Design With Optimum Total Inductance and Capacitance,"in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,vol.33,no.8,pp.6687-6698,Aug.2018.”中,对LCL滤波器中单个参数进行优化,但是无法保证整个系统的最优滤波效果。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种基于NSGA-II算法的弱电网LCL型并网逆变滤波器参数优化方法,大大提高了滤波器的滤波效果与抗弱网能力。
一种基于NSGA-II算法的弱电网LCL型并网逆变滤波器参数优化方法,包括:
对弱电网下的单相逆变系统进行建模,将逆变侧电感L1、网侧电感L2、滤波电容C以及无源阻尼的电阻R作为待优化参数;
设置电感总值L、逆变侧电感L1、网侧电感L2、滤波电容C的界限约束;
构建开关频次谐波衰减比η、逆变端电感电流纹波ΔIripple、阻尼电阻功耗PR_loss和谐振频率fr的目标函数;
基于NSGA-II算法模型,将待优化参数作为决策变量,根据界限约束,对多个目标函数通过迭代优化得到最优解的参数解集,并从参数解集中挑取一组典型值作为优化解。
基于NSGA-II算法模型的决策变量为:
X=[L1,L2,C,R]
该模型中对上述参数采用单一变量原则分析各个参数对系统的影响;参数变化均为线性增加,在传统试凑法的参数基础上进行变化。
界限约束中,电感总值L需要满足两个条件:第一,需要限制落在电感上的压降产生的最大电流;第二,需要削减电流的纹波,使其在允许范围内;即需要满足如下不等式约束:
式中,Vg_max、Ig_max为电网侧电压和电流峰值,Vdc为直流侧电压,ΔIripple-ma为逆变侧最大电流纹波,fs为开关频率,ω0为电网频率。
逆变侧电感L1和网侧电感L2需满足以下约束:

L1≥L2
式中,Ts为开关周期,为电流纹波系数,为电感压降系数,ω0为电网频率,Vin表示滤波器输入电压(即逆变侧输出电压),IL1表示逆变侧电感电流,VC表示滤波器电容节点电压,Vg表示电网侧电压。
滤波电容C需满足以下约束:
式中:PO为网侧输出额定功率;ω0为电网频率;λC为电容无功功率对额定输出有功比;Vg为电网侧电压。
目标函数中,开关频次谐波衰减比η是优先级最高的优化目标,如下式所示:
式中,Ig(s)为复频域下电网测电流表达式,IL1(s)为复频域下逆变侧电感电流表达式,ωs为开关角频率,s=jωs表示条件是当频率为开关角频率时。
目标函数中,需要最小化逆变端电感电流纹波:
式中,逆变端输出电压Vin≈Vdc,Vdc为直流电压,L1为逆变侧电感,fs为开关频率。
目标函数中,需要最小化阻尼电阻功耗PR_loss:
式中,Vg表示电网侧电压,ω0为电网频率。
目标函数中,为了满足LCL滤波器的低通特性,谐振频率选择:
式中,fs、fr分别为开关频率与谐振频率,f0表示电网频率;由于关系到三个变量的条件并非线性,因此,用两个需要最小化的目标函数保证谐振频率的取值在允许范围:
F1=10f0-fr
F2=fr-0.5fs
最终,总的目标函数为min[η,ΔIripple,PR_loss,F1,F2]
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明针对弱电网条件下的LCL型滤波器并网逆变系统的参数选择,采取了多目标优化的遗传算法(NSGA-II)。首先对弱电网下的单相逆变系统进行建模,分析了不同滤波器参数对系统稳定性的影响,提出了为了增强系统稳定性的参数解的选择标准。基于传统试凑法给出了参数的界限约束,并给出了针对系统的多个优化目标,从得出的优化解集中选出典型解。免去了大量试凑过程,增强了系统对弱网条件的抗性,在满足并网要求情况下进一步降低了谐波畸变率。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中LCL型滤波器并网逆变拓扑结构;
图2为本发明实施例中LCL型并网逆变系统闭环控制框图;
图3为本发明实施例中NSGA-II算法流程图;
图4为本发明实施例中滤波器参数增大时系统闭环极点移动趋势图;
图5为本发明实施例中优化参数解集;
图6为本发明实施例中传统参数下的系统响应;
图7为本发明实施例中优化参数下的系统响应。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步详细描述,需要指出的是,以下所述实施例旨在便于对本发明的理解,而对其不起任何限定作用。
本发明实施例采用的并网逆变拓扑是电容串联电阻的LCL型电路,如图1所示。Vdc、Cdc为直流电压与滤波电容;L1、L2、Lg分别为逆变侧、网侧与电网等效电感;R1、R2、Rg分别为相应的线路电阻;vin、vg为逆变桥出端电压和电网电压;iL1、ig、ic、ig_ref分别为逆变侧电流、电网电 流、电容电流与电网参考电流。Gi(s)为并网电流控制器、H为电容电流反馈控制器。
为了更直观地体现系统的结构,逆变的系统闭环控制框图如图2所示。电流控制器Gi(s)为PI控制器,H是比例反馈,KPWM为逆变器的等效传递函数,为直流电压与载波电压幅值的比。本发明实施例所采用的电容串联电阻是简单、有效的削减谐振峰阻尼方法,电容电流反馈使系统反应的速度加快。
为了简化传递函数,忽略掉较小的线路阻抗值R1、R2。由此,可以得到逆变端输出电压到电网电流的传递函数以及整体闭环系统的传递函数:

接下来,根据以上的模型对参数进行分析优化。
通常情况下,多目标优化算法模型会根据具体问题求得一组解,且互相无耦合关系,称为Pareto最优解集。本发明选择了NSGA-II算法框架,在遗传算法的基础上对种群的个体进行分级和快速非支配性排序,通过精英策略防止优秀个体流失。
NSGA-II算法的主要流程如图3所示。首先,随机产生规模为N的初始种群Pt,经过非支配排序、选择、交叉和变异,产生子代种群Qt,并将两个种群联合在一起形成大小为2N的种群Rt。其次,进行快速非支配排序,同时对每个非支配层中的个体进行拥挤度计算,根据非支配关系以及个体的拥挤度选取合适的个体组成新的父代种群Pt+1。最后,通过遗传算法的基本操作产生新的子代种群Qt+1,将Pt+1与Qt+1合并形成新的种群Rt+1,重复以上操作,直到满足程序结束的条件。
在本次的参数设计优化中,设计的主要参数为滤波电感电容L1、L2、C以及无源阻尼的电阻R,因此基于NSGA-II算法模型的决策变量为:
X=[L1,L2,C,R]       (3)
由于算法的最优解集一般数目比较大,因此需要借助一些额外的判据。在该模型中可以对上述参数采用单一变量原则分析各个参数对系统的影响。参数变化均为线性增加,在传统试凑法的参数基础上进行变化。在此基础上,各自参数变化分别为:L1(850μH→1200μH),L2(500μH→1200μH),C(4μF→18μF),R(2Ω→9Ω)。
从图4可以看出,在滤波电感L1、L2增大的过程中,主导极点一直向虚轴靠近,系统稳定性会变差;电容C增大的过程中,极点实部绝对值先增大后减小;电阻R增大时,系统稳定性加强。这就得到了优化解的选择条件:保证L1、L2较小、R较大、C适中。
在滤波器满足谐波衰减等要求的同时,设置电感总值L、逆变侧电感L1、网侧电感L2、滤波电容C的界限约束,作为目标函数的约束条件。
1)电感总值
LCL滤波器总的电感偏大,滤波效果会更好;电感偏小,响应能力会变强。因此总电感需要满足两个条件:一方面,需要限制落在电感上的压降产生的最大电流;另一方面,需要削减电流的纹波,使其在允许范围内;即,需要满足如下不等式约束:
式中:Vg_max、Ig_max为电网侧电压电流峰值;逆变侧输出电压Vinv≈Vdc。
2)逆变侧与网侧电感
在工程制造方面,为降低成本与体积,网侧电感值往往小于逆变侧的电感,逆变侧的电感需要满足电流纹波与电感上压降的限制,得到以下约束:

L1≥L2        (6)
式中:开关周期Ts;电流纹波系数电感压降系数
3)滤波电容
电容值越大,电压纹波越小,但功耗也更大;因此需考虑电容值的上限:
式中:PO为网侧输出额定功率;ω0为电网频率;电容无功功率对额定输出有功比λC≈5%。
构建开关频次谐波衰减比η、逆变端电感电流纹波ΔIripple、阻尼电阻功耗PR_loss和谐振频率fr的目标函数。
1)开关频次谐波衰减比
这是本次优化设计优先级最高的优化目标,谐波衰减度越小,开关频次谐波滤波效果越好,如下式所示:
2)逆变端电感电流纹波
逆变器的开关动作会使得逆变侧电流有接近开关频率的dv/dt变化,即电流的纹波,为了保证系统的稳定加强控制效果,减小开关与电感的损耗,需要最小化逆变电流纹波:
式中:逆变端输出电压Vin≈Vdc;逆变侧电感L1。
3)阻尼电阻功耗
LCL滤波器引入了无源阻尼增强系统谐波抑制性能,但也引入了功耗,需要使其最小化:
4)谐振频率
为了满足LCL滤波器的低通特性,谐振频率一般如下选择:
式中:fs、fr分别为开关频率与谐振频率。由于关系到三个变量的条件并非线性,因此作为优化目标进行双边约束,用两个需要最小化的目标函数保证谐振频率的取值在允许范围:
F1=10f0-fr      (12)
F2=fr-0.5fs      (13)
这样算法的目标函数就是
min[η,ΔIripple,PR_loss,F1,F2]     (14)
综合上述内容,以式(3)作为优化变量,以式(4)~(7)作为线性约束,以式(14)作为多目标函数,使用NSGA-II算法。基本参数设置为:最优个体系paretoFraction 0.4;种群大小populationsize 300;最大进化代数generations 400;停止代数stallGenLimit 300;适应度函数偏差TolFun 1e-10。这样通过迭代优化得到了多目标Pareto最优解的解集,如图5所示。
得到的这些解之间并非互相耦合,同样都是最优解。但依旧可以看出参数有明显的集中区间,在四个参数都属于众数区间中,再根据选参数标准,挑取一组典型值作为优化解,通过与传统解得对比体现算法的优越性,具体参数如表1所示。
表1传统方法与优化算法的对比
为了验证弱电网条件下多目标优化算法对系统的优化效果,本发明实施例基于Matlab/Simulink搭建并网逆变器的仿真模型,具体参数环境如表2所示。
表2仿真系统参数与环境
依据上述参数,在搭建的模型上进行仿真,得到了传统参数下的系统响应和优化参数下的系统响应分别如图6和图7所示,具体包含耦合处电压、逆变及网侧电流、电容电流,以及谐波分析图。
由两图可以看出,使用优化算法设计出的参数明显使逆变系统对弱网条件有更强的适应性,当弱电网电感值达到2mH时,传统解的系统已经失稳,但优化解依旧能保持系统的稳定。经过波形局部放大可以看到,由于滤波器参数值的减小,电流与电压的纹波有一定程度的增大(5.513→6.182A),不过仍然都在并网设计要求的允许范围内;电阻的功耗明显增大(0.245→4.838W),但由于电感电容值的减小,谐振频率损耗变化几乎可以与之抵消。而弱电网条件下的波形畸变率却有明显的下降,大大提高了滤波器的滤波效果与抗弱网能力,畸变率具体参数如表3所示。
表3传统方法与优化算法的对比
以上所述的实施例对本发明的技术方案和有益效果进行了详细说明,应理解的是以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例,并不用于限制本发明,凡 在本发明的原则范围内所做的任何修改、补充和等同替换,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种基于NSGA-II算法的弱电网LCL型并网逆变滤波器参数优化方法,其特征在于,包括:
    对弱电网下的单相逆变系统进行建模,将逆变侧电感L1、网侧电感L2、滤波电容C以及无源阻尼的电阻R作为待优化参数;
    设置电感总值L、逆变侧电感L1、网侧电感L2、滤波电容C的界限约束;
    构建开关频次谐波衰减比η、逆变端电感电流纹波ΔIripple、阻尼电阻功耗PR_loss和谐振频率fr的目标函数;
    基于NSGA-II算法模型,将待优化参数作为决策变量,根据界限约束,对多个目标函数通过迭代优化得到最优解的参数解集,并从参数解集中挑取一组典型值作为优化解。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于NSGA-II算法的弱电网LCL型并网逆变滤波器参数优化方法,其特征在于,基于NSGA-II算法模型的决策变量为:
    X=[L1,L2,C,R]
    该模型中对上述参数采用单一变量原则分析各个参数对系统的影响;参数变化均为线性增加,在传统试凑法的参数基础上进行变化。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的基于NSGA-II算法的弱电网LCL型并网逆变滤波器参数优化方法,其特征在于,界限约束中,电感总值L需要满足两个条件:第一,需要限制落在电感上的压降产生的最大电流;第二,需要削减电流的纹波,使其在允许范围内;即需要满足如下不等式约束:
    式中,Vg_max、Ig_max为电网侧电压和电流峰值,Vdc为直流侧电压,ΔIripple-ma为逆变侧最大电流纹波,fs为开关频率,ω0为电网频率。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的基于NSGA-II算法的弱电网LCL型并网逆 变滤波器参数优化方法,其特征在于,界限约束中,逆变侧电感L1和网侧电感L2需满足以下约束:

    L1≥L2
    式中,Ts为开关周期,为电流纹波系数,为电感压降系数,ω0为电网频率,Vin表示滤波器输入电压,IL1表示逆变侧电感电流,VC表示滤波器电容节点电压,Vg表示电网侧电压。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的基于NSGA-II算法的弱电网LCL型并网逆变滤波器参数优化方法,其特征在于,界限约束中,滤波电容C需满足以下约束:
    式中:PO为网侧输出额定功率;ω0为电网频率;λC为电容无功功率对额定输出有功比;Vg为电网侧电压。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的基于NSGA-II算法的弱电网LCL型并网逆变滤波器参数优化方法,其特征在于,目标函数中,开关频次谐波衰减比η是优先级最高的优化目标,如下式所示:
    式中,Ig(s)为复频域下电网测电流表达式,IL1(s)为复频域下逆变侧电感电流表达式,ωs为开关角频率,s=jωs表示条件是当频率为开关角频率时。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的基于NSGA-II算法的弱电网LCL型并网逆变滤波器参数优化方法,其特征在于,目标函数中,需要最小化逆变端电感电流纹波:
    式中,逆变端输出电压Vin≈Vdc,Vdc为直流电压,L1为逆变侧电感,fs为开关频率。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的基于NSGA-II算法的弱电网LCL型并网逆变滤波器参数优化方法,其特征在于,目标函数中,需要最小化阻尼电阻功耗PR_loss:
    式中,Vg表示电网侧电压,ω0为电网频率。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的基于NSGA-II算法的弱电网LCL型并网逆变滤波器参数优化方法,其特征在于,目标函数中,为了满足LCL滤波器的低通特性,谐振频率选择:
    式中,fs、fr分别为开关频率与谐振频率,f0表示电网频率;由于关系到三个变量的条件并非线性,因此,用两个需要最小化的目标函数保证谐振频率的取值在允许范围:
    F1=10f0-fr
    F2=fr-0.5fs
    最终,总的目标函数为min[η,ΔIripple,PR_loss,F1,F2]。
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